WO1999034690A1 - Aliments gelifies et procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Aliments gelifies et procede de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999034690A1 WO1999034690A1 PCT/JP1998/006004 JP9806004W WO9934690A1 WO 1999034690 A1 WO1999034690 A1 WO 1999034690A1 JP 9806004 W JP9806004 W JP 9806004W WO 9934690 A1 WO9934690 A1 WO 9934690A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- gel
- gelling agent
- organic acid
- gel food
- Prior art date
Links
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/801—Pediatric
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gel food for total nutritional supplementation, more specifically, a refreshing sensation that contains all the main nutrients and has a pH of 3.3 to 4, a gel with a gelling agent and a protein isoelectric point gel.
- the present invention relates to the above-mentioned gel-like food having a food-and-drinkability derived from being formed from the composite gel of the above, for example, a swallowability based on a soft gel-like form.
- jelly-like foods such as the above-mentioned jelly and pudding are originally manufactured and supplied as favorite items for healthy individuals, and for swallowing disorders, patients who have dysphagia alone will find that there is sufficient variation. It is not something that can supply nutrients well.
- the foods of Shimokoshi et al. Were still too chewy and had a feeling of "eat” rather than a feeling of "drinking”. .
- these jelly-like beverages are acidified like ordinary soft drinks. It is adjusted to pH and has good storage stability, but contains virtually no protein or fat.
- these beverages do not have a composition especially for nutritional supplementation to patients with dysphagia, that is, a composition containing all nutrients in a well-balanced manner. Nor has it been ignored.
- foods that contain a large amount of protein such as pudding, are adjusted to a pH near neutrality, so they are usually sterilized by heating at 100 ° C or higher (typically at 120 ° C for 10 minutes).
- the heat sterilization treatment has disadvantages such as loss of nutrients (particularly vitamins) and deterioration of flavor.
- the food pH is adjusted to a refreshing acidic pH, protein aggregation occurs and a homogeneous tissue cannot be obtained, and therefore, the food does not have a refreshing sensation. There was the disadvantage of spoiling quickly after opening the product.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new gel food having a composition in which all nutrients particularly suitable for nutritional supplementation of a dysphagic patient are blended in a well-balanced manner and exhibiting a soft jelly-like shape suitable for eating and drinking of the patient. To do that.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the above purpose, and as a result, not only in patients with dysphagia but also in healthy people, food and drink that are swallowed without chewing are generally acidic pH. Protein, which is one of the main nutrients that is preferred from the viewpoint of ease of drinking, changes its physical properties significantly at the isoelectric point, and is homogeneous especially in the acidic pH region considered to be easy to drink. The result was that no gel could be formed.
- the protein was adjusted to acidic pH conditions near the isoelectric point of the protein by adding a certain amount of fats, carbohydrates, organic acids, organic acid salts, emulsifiers and gelling agents.
- a complex gel of a protein isoelectric point gel and a gel formed by the above-mentioned gelling agent is formed, and this complex gel has a soft and homogeneous gel state, and thus has a desired shape.
- a gel of an emulsified mixture of the following components (on a dry weight basis) of a total amount of 10 to 50% by weight and a water content of 50 to 90% by weight is 3.3.
- a gel food for complex nutritional supplement characterized in that it is formed from a complex gel of a protein isoelectric point gel and a heat-soluble gel with a gelling agent, having a pH in the range of And its manufacturing method provided Is done.
- Emulsifier 0.2 to 5% by weight
- the gel food for supplementary nutrition of the present invention has a soft, swallowable gel form particularly suitable for eating and drinking of patients with dysphagia, and can be easily sheared and broken, whereby about 2 to 20
- the gel food of the present invention has the above-mentioned eating and drinking aptitude or texture even though it contains nutrients such as proteins and lipids which are not used in conventional soft drinks. .
- the gel food according to the present invention contains a good balance of nutrients necessary for the human body, such as proteins and lipids, as described above. I can play.
- the gel food of the present invention has a pH of 3.3 to 4, preferably Has an acidic ⁇ 3 of 3 ⁇ 4, which has the advantage of providing a refreshing sensation during eating and drinking and good storage stability. Moreover, despite the acidic ⁇ ⁇ , the gel food of the present invention has no unevenness of the protein coagulate and has a smooth and uniform appearance which gives the above-mentioned eating and drinking suitability or texture.
- carbohydrates added to the gel food of the present invention are one of the main nutrients, and are stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen and can be consumed as an energy source during exercise and the like.
- the carbohydrate component include ordinary various sugars such as glucose, monosaccharides such as fructoses, disaccharides such as maltose and sucrose, and xylitol.
- Sugar alcohols such as sonoreitol, glycerin, and erythritol, polysaccharides such as dextrin and cyclodextrin, fructo-oligosaccharides, and garaku Oligosaccharides such as oligosaccharides and lactose are included.
- These carbohydrates can be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds are used in combination, for example, they are commercially available as a saccharide mixture such as isomerized saccharide and purified sucrose. It is, of course, possible to use
- Such sugars include those that function not only as a nutrient source but also as a sweetener, such as sucrose. Utilization of a saccharide that functions as a sweetener is preferable because it gives the obtained gel food a sweet taste.
- the food of the present invention may contain a sweetener that does not belong to the carbohydrate, together with or separately from the carbohydrate.
- a sweetener include natural sweeteners such as somatin, stevia extract (rebaudioside A and the like), glycyrrhizin and the like, and synthetic sweeteners such as saccharin and aspartame. it can.
- the amount of the above-mentioned carbohydrate in the gel food of the present invention is generally about 30 to 90% (% by weight, hereinafter the same), preferably about 40 to 80% on a dry weight basis, More preferably, it is suitably about 60 to 70%. If it is less than 30% or more than 90%, the concept as a balanced complex nutritional food cannot be satisfied and both are not preferred. That is, if the amount is less than 30%, there is a disadvantage that the nutrient source becomes too small, and if it exceeds 90%, there is a disadvantage that the nutrition is excessive.
- the preferred proportion of carbohydrate that functions as a sweetener is 30 to 60%, more preferably, on a dry weight basis. Can be in the range of 40 to 50%.
- lactose is preferred. By adding the lactose, it is possible to increase the amount of bifidobacteria in the body and to reduce spoilage products, thereby making the prevention of carcinogenesis and the enhancement of the immune system even more remarkable. can do.
- lipids constituting the food of the present invention can be appropriately selected from ordinary lipids that can be consumed as a source of energy instead of the above-mentioned carbohydrate component, for example, during exercise for a long period of time.
- examples include vegetable oils such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, corn oil, rice oil, pear oil, perilla oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, sardine oil, cod liver oil, etc.
- Long-chain fatty acid triglycerides (LCT) may be mentioned as essential fatty acid sources, such as fish oil and sesame oil.
- the lipid component may be a medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride (MCT) having usually 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
- MCT medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride
- the MCT is characterized by easy absorption, easy combustion, and poor accumulation.
- lipid components are present in the gel food of the present invention in an amount of about 5 to 40%, preferably about 10 to 30% on a dry weight basis, More preferably, it is added and blended in the range of about 15 to 25%. If the amount is less than 5% or if it is added in a large amount exceeding 40%, it is not possible to satisfy the concept as a nutritional food, and it is preferable. Not good.
- the lipid Since the lipid is oily and does not easily dissolve in water, it can be generally used in the present invention in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion. Therefore, in preparing the food of the present invention, it is necessary to use an emulsifier for emulsifying the lipid component.
- Emulsifier for emulsifying the lipid component.
- the emulsifier can be selected from various types which have been conventionally used in the food field. Considering that the food of the present invention is adjusted to an acidic pH, the emulsifier is preferably selected from those having acid resistance.
- Pectin can be exemplified as a typical example.
- Preferred emulsifiers other than peptide include, for example, phospholipids such as egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin, hydrogenated soybean lecithin; and polyoxyethylene monooleate.
- synthetic surfactants such as sucrose fatty acid esters and polyglycerin fatty acid esters (for example, commercially available as “Twin 80” (manufactured by AMR)). .
- emulsifiers are used in combination. These emulsifiers are preferably used at a ratio of 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 3%, in the usually prepared emulsion. This amount of use corresponds to about 0.2 to 5%, preferably about 0.5 to 3% on a dry weight basis, when converted to the amount of the gel food of the present invention.
- the protein used as an essential component in the gel food of the present invention may be various proteins widely used in the food field.
- the protein is selected from those capable of producing an isoelectric point gel, particularly in the pH range of the gel food of the present invention, that is, in the range of 1 to 3 [3.3 to 4].
- Concentrates of the above-mentioned various proteins and other whole milk powders, skim milk powders and the like.
- One of these protein components can be used alone or two or more of them can be used in combination.
- the amount of such proteins in the gel food of the present invention is about 2 to 60% on a dry weight basis, preferably: about L0 to 45%. It is more preferably in the range of about 15 to 30%. If the content is less than 2% or more than 30%, there is a disadvantage that the concept as a balanced nutritional food cannot be satisfied.
- Organic acids and organic acid salts as other essential components in the gel food of the present invention are selected from various kinds of foods known to be blended in this kind of food or drink. They only need to be able to adjust the food (gel) of the present invention to a predetermined PH of 3.3 to 4, more preferably 3.5 to 4.
- Preferred examples of the organic acid component include, for example, citric acid, tartaric acid, linoleic acid, succinic acid, asconolevic acid, and gluconic acid. These may also be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic acid is preferably incorporated in the gel food of the present invention in a range of about 0.2 to 5%, preferably about 0.5 to 3% on a dry weight basis. c If this is less than 0.2%, it will be difficult to adjust the pH of the resulting food to the specified 3.3-4. Conversely, if the amount is more than 5%, the resulting food may have a too strong acid taste, which may impair the taste.
- Organic salts have a pH regulating or buffering action Examples thereof include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts of the above-mentioned various organic acids, and alkaline earth metals such as calcium salts and magnesium salts. Salt can be mentioned. These may also be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic acid salt is preferably incorporated in the gel food of the present invention in an amount of about 0.2 to 5%, preferably about 0.5 to 3% on a dry weight basis. . If this is less than 0.2%, there is a disadvantage that the buffering effect cannot be sufficiently achieved. Usually, up to about 5% is sufficient.
- the gelling agent be selected from those that have been conventionally used as thickeners in the food field.
- examples thereof include, for example, vector, holerelane, lactage nan, agar, locust bean gum, guar gum and arabia gum. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These gelling agents have an appropriate gelling ability and gel stabilizing ability.
- the gel obtained has a desired gel strength and water-releasing properties, especially when it is consumed. It can provide gel strength and water separation enough to be easily broken with the tongue.
- a part of the gelling agent may be used, for example, for example, it can be replaced with xanthan gum, konjac mannan, etc.
- the gelling agent is usually incorporated into the gel food of the present invention in an amount of about 0.2 to 5%, preferably about 0.3 to 2% on a dry weight basis. If it is less than 0.2%, the resulting food will have insufficient gel strength. Conversely, if the amount is too large and exceeds 5%, the gel will be too hard and will not be able to achieve its original purpose for foods for patients with dysphagia.
- a predetermined amount of each of the above-mentioned essential components can be further blended with an appropriate additive as required.
- additives that can be added and blended as necessary include synthetic vitamins and minerals (electrolytes and trace elements), as well as flavorings such as synthetic and natural flavors, and colorings. , Flavor substances (cheese, chocolate, etc.), stabilizers, preservatives, alcohols, natural juices, natural pulp and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Although the mixing ratio of these additives is not particularly limited, it is usually based on 100 parts by weight of the food of the present invention.
- the addition of synthetic minerals and minerals is suitable for the purpose of complex nutritional supplementation, and its addition and blending are particularly desirable.
- the total vitamins include a mixture of various water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A (retinols) and vitamin B!
- Vita Mi emissions (Thia Mi emissions), Vita Mi emissions B 2 (Li Bofu La bins), Vita Mi emissions B 6 (Pi Li Doki Thin), Vita Mi emissions B 2 (Xia Roh Kobara Mi emissions), Vita Mi emissions C ( Vasconolevinic acid), vitamin D (colecanol referol), vitamin E (tocopherolene), niacin, bisventhiamin, nicotin Examples thereof include a mixture of an acid amide, a canosome of pantothenate, folic acid, piotin, and choline bitartrate.
- the particularly preferred total vitamin has a composition in which the following vitamins are blended in 200 g of the food of the present invention.
- the gel food is mixed with the above-mentioned essential components and one or more additives that are added and blended as necessary. It is prepared by emulsifying and mixing water and water and then heating. In the above emulsification and mixing, all the components can be simultaneously emulsified and mixed, or, preferably, a water-soluble component is prepared in advance in an aqueous solution form, and an oil-soluble component and an emulsifier are added thereto. It is preferable to employ a method of emulsification. More preferably, the protein is added to a mixture of water and a suitable emulsifier.
- the resulting emulsion is emulsified by adding aqueous solutions of lipid components, emulsifiers, carbohydrates, organic acids, and other additive components. (Isoelectric point of protein pH), and then a gelling agent is added to further emulsify.
- lipid components emulsifiers, carbohydrates, organic acids, and other additive components.
- emulsifiers emulsifiers
- carbohydrates emulsifiers
- organic acids emulsifiers
- other additive components emulsifiers
- a gelling agent is added to further emulsify.
- the operation of mixing and emulsifying the above components may be performed at room temperature, but is preferably performed under a slight heating condition.
- the emulsification can be carried out according to a usual method, using a suitable emulsifier, for example, a homomixer, a high-pressure homogenizer, or the like, in either a complete passage system or a circulation system.
- a suitable emulsifier for example, a homomixer, a high-pressure homogenizer, or the like, in either a complete passage system or a circulation system.
- the emulsion obtained above is then heated, filled in an appropriate container according to a conventional method, and sterilized to obtain a desired gel food product.
- the above sterilization can be carried out by heat sterilization or aseptic filtration according to a conventional method.
- the heating operation is also performed, so that a heating operation prior to the sterilization operation is unnecessary.
- a heating operation without heating is employed, a heating operation is required prior to the sterilization operation. This heating operation can be performed under the same conditions as those of the generally used heat sterilization operation.
- the gel food of the present invention thus prepared has good eating and drinking aptitude especially for patients with various diseases accompanied by dysphagia and postoperative patients. Thus, it is safe to eat and drink, and the eating and drinking can exert a sufficient effect of supplying a well-balanced nutritional source.
- the food of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned dysphagia patients, and is also suitable for healthy people. For example, it is suitable for athletes who want to supplement nutrition in a short time during exercise. It is.
- Mouth Mouth I 1 0 0 0 According to the above formula (the values in parentheses are the dry weight percentages of each component excluding water), citric acid as the organic acid component, sucrose and dextrin as the carbohydrate components , And casein and lactalbumin as protein components were added to water heated to 70 ° C, and the mixture was mixed with a homogenizer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) for 900 minutes. Mix at 0 rpin for 5 minutes. The obtained liquid is further mixed with rice white squeezed oil as a lipid component and enzymatically decomposed lecithin as an emulsifier component, and emulsified (1000 rpm, 20 minutes). The pH was adjusted to 3.9 by adding sodium citrate as an organic acid salt component (pH adjusting and buffering agent).
- actin and xanthan gum as gelling components were added, and the mixture was homogenized (10000 rpm for 10 minutes).
- the emulsion thus obtained was filled in a soft bag with a nozzle, heated at 65 ° C. for 10 minutes, and allowed to cool to obtain a gel food product of the present invention.
- the gel food of the present invention obtained as described above has a uniform and smooth surface state in appearance, and when it is put in the mouth, the gel form can be easily destroyed simply by pushing with the tongue, It had a soft gel that did not require mastication.
- Example 2
- citrate as an organic acid, sucrose and dextrin as carbohydrates, and a soybean protein enzymatically decomposed product and isolated soybean protein as proteins were heated to 70 ° C.
- the mixture was added to water, and the mixture was mixed at 900 rpm for 5 minutes using a homogenizer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- MCT as a lipid and egg yolk lecithin as an emulsifier are further added to the obtained solution, and the mixture is subjected to milk-injection (100,000 rpin, 20 minutes).
- Magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium diphosphate and yeast zinc were added. Thereafter, the pH was adjusted to 3.9 by adding sodium ascorbate as an organic acid salt (pH adjusting and buffering agent).
- the gelled food product of the present invention was obtained by filling the bag with a soft bag and sterilizing by heating at 65 ° C for 10 minutes.
- the gel food of the present invention obtained as described above has a uniform and smooth surface state in appearance, and when it is put into the mouth, the gel form can be easily destroyed simply by pressing with the tongue, and thus the chewing is possible. It was in the form of a soft gel that did not need to be prepared.
- the values in parentheses are the dry weight percentages of each component excluding water), ascorbic acid as the organic acid component, sucrose and dextrin as the carbohydrate components. And casein and lactalbumin as protein components were added to water heated at 50 ° C, and the mixture was mixed with a homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) for 90 minutes. The mixture was mixed at 0 rpm for 5 minutes. The obtained liquid is further emulsified by adding rice white squeezed oil as a lipid component and enzymatically decomposed lecithin as an emulsifier component (100,000 rpra, 20 minutes). , Organic acid The pH was adjusted to 3.9 by adding sodium citrate as a salt component (pH adjustment and buffer).
- actin and xanthan gum as gelling components were added, and homogenized (10000 rpm, 10 minutes).
- the emulsified liquid thus obtained was filled into a nozzle with a nozzle and sterilized by heating at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a gel food product of the present invention.
- Gluconic acid 08 (2.2) Asconolevinic acid sodium 03 (0.8) Power lagenan 03 (0.8) Cold i 0 2 0 CO. 6 ) Total 0 0 copies Total vitamin 0.2 copies
- gluconic acid as an organic acid
- sucrose and dextrin as carbohydrates
- soy protein enzyme hydrolyzate pry protein enzyme hydrolyzate
- isolated soy protein prowder
- the mixture was mixed at 900 rpm for 5 minutes using a homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- To the resulting solution were added total vitamin, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride and sodium phosphate, and MCT as a lipid and egg yolk lecithin as an emulsifier And emulsify
- the color as a gelling agent is further added.
- the gel food of the present invention obtained as described above has a uniform and smooth surface state in appearance, and when put into the mouth, the gel form can be easily destroyed simply by pressing with the tongue. It had a soft gel that did not require mastication.
- linoleic acid as an organic acid
- glucose and lactose as sugars
- soy protein (powder) and whey protein concentrate (protein) was added to water, and the mixture was mixed for 5 minutes at 900 rpm using a homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- palm oil as a lipid and polyglycerin fatty acid ester as an emulsifier are further added, and further, total vitamin, polydextroses, and magnesium chloride are added.
- gelatin and guar gum as gelling agents were further added, and the mixture was homogenized (10000 rpm, 10 minutes).
- the obtained emulsion was mixed with a nozzle. It was filled in a soft bag and sterilized by heating at 90 ° C for 10 minutes to obtain a gel food product of the present invention.
- the gel food of the present invention obtained as described above has a uniform and smooth surface state in appearance, and when it is put in the mouth, the gel form can be easily destroyed simply by pushing with the tongue, It was a soft gel that did not require mastication.
- Test Example 1 Performance test of the gel food of the present invention
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of citric acid used was changed variously (the amount of water was also changed accordingly), a predetermined pH in the range of pH 3.0 to 4.4 was obtained.
- a gel food sample of the present invention having H and a comparative gel food sample were prepared.
- Each of the obtained samples (10 cm square) was cut into 5 mm squares. After 1 minute of standing, the amount of water released from the cut gel (water separation amount) was measured, and the percentage of the sample weight (water separation) was measured. Rate) was calculated.
- the gel food of the present invention adjusted to a pH range of 3.5 to 4.0 has an appropriate water separation rate, and has a preferable acidity and a preferable hardness in a sensory test. It was evaluated as having.
- the gel food of the present invention has a good eating and drinking aptitude and is safe to eat and drink especially for patients with various diseases accompanied by dysphagia and postoperative patients In addition, the eating and drinking can exert a sufficient non-replenishing nutrient supply effect.
- the food of the present invention is particularly suitable not only for the above-mentioned dysphagia patients but also for healthy people, for example, when an athlete or the like wants to supplement nutrition in a short time during exercise.
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98961643A EP1046347B1 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 1998-12-28 | Gelled foods and process for producing the same |
DE69820119T DE69820119T2 (de) | 1998-01-08 | 1998-12-28 | Gelierte nahrungsmittel sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
JP2000527159A JP3648597B2 (ja) | 1998-01-08 | 1998-12-28 | ゲル状食品及びその製造方法 |
CA002318566A CA2318566C (en) | 1998-01-08 | 1998-12-28 | Gelled foods and process for producing the same |
AU16924/99A AU754277B2 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 1998-12-28 | Gelled foods and process for producing the same |
US09/582,923 US6458395B1 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 1998-12-28 | Gelatinous food product and process for preparing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP195898 | 1998-01-08 | ||
JP10/1958 | 1998-01-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999034690A1 true WO1999034690A1 (fr) | 1999-07-15 |
Family
ID=11516113
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1998/006004 WO1999034690A1 (fr) | 1998-01-08 | 1998-12-28 | Aliments gelifies et procede de fabrication |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6458395B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1046347B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3648597B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100538197B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1098044C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU754277B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2318566C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69820119T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2210850T3 (ja) |
ID (1) | ID25929A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW542700B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999034690A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69820119D1 (de) | 2004-01-08 |
ES2210850T3 (es) | 2004-07-01 |
CA2318566A1 (en) | 1999-07-15 |
EP1046347A1 (en) | 2000-10-25 |
ID25929A (id) | 2000-11-09 |
US6458395B1 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
TW542700B (en) | 2003-07-21 |
EP1046347A4 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
CN1098044C (zh) | 2003-01-08 |
KR20010040325A (ko) | 2001-05-15 |
KR100538197B1 (ko) | 2005-12-22 |
AU754277B2 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
AU1692499A (en) | 1999-07-26 |
JP3648597B2 (ja) | 2005-05-18 |
EP1046347B1 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
CN1284838A (zh) | 2001-02-21 |
DE69820119T2 (de) | 2004-07-08 |
CA2318566C (en) | 2004-10-05 |
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