WO1998047447A1 - Bifurcated stent and distal protection system - Google Patents

Bifurcated stent and distal protection system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998047447A1
WO1998047447A1 PCT/US1998/008194 US9808194W WO9847447A1 WO 1998047447 A1 WO1998047447 A1 WO 1998047447A1 US 9808194 W US9808194 W US 9808194W WO 9847447 A1 WO9847447 A1 WO 9847447A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vessel
stent
prosthesis
bifurcated
braided
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/US1998/008194
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
William R. Dubrul
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to JP54634198A priority Critical patent/JP4083241B2/ja
Priority to EP98918631.7A priority patent/EP1011532B1/en
Publication of WO1998047447A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998047447A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/88—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure the wire-like elements formed as helical or spiral coils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12099—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder
    • A61B17/12109—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder in a blood vessel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12131—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device
    • A61B17/12168—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device having a mesh structure
    • A61B17/12172—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device having a mesh structure having a pre-set deployed three-dimensional shape
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
    • A61F2/0108—Both ends closed, i.e. legs gathered at both ends
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
    • A61F2/013—Distal protection devices, i.e. devices placed distally in combination with another endovascular procedure, e.g. angioplasty or stenting
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
    • A61F2002/018—Filters implantable into blood vessels made from tubes or sheets of material, e.g. by etching or laser-cutting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0019—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at only one temperature whilst inside or touching the human body, e.g. constrained in a non-operative shape during surgery, another temperature only occurring before the operation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0023—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/005—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using adhesives
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an implantable intraluminal device. More specifically, the present invention relates to an implantable intraluminal device which is particularly useful for repairing or serving as a conduit for vessels narrowed or occluded by disease or for use in other body passageways requiring reinforcement or the like. Further, devices are disclosed in the present invention that can trap particulate that is loosened during interventional procedures such as stent or stent-graft placement, angioplasty, atherectomy, etc.
  • Intraluminal devices or. more specifically, endovascular prostheses. are known for treating stenosis, stricture, aneurysm conditions and the like. Often these devices are implanted via LIS (Least Invasive Surgery); whereby a small percutaneous access into the vessel is accomplished (usually remote to the diseased area). Alternatively, they are installed via an "open surgery' approach. Advantages of the LIS approach (over conventional surgery) are significant from a cost as well as a patient care and recovery point of view. Intraluminal scaffolding devices such as stents are often used in combination with grafts and vice versa.
  • the graft is usually, but not always a textile/fabric type device that is used to cover a greater area of the scaffolding as well as aid in neo-intimal formation after placement. Further, the two (stents and grafts) are often designed into one device called a stent-graft.
  • Carotid Endarterectomy surgical removal of plaque from the carotid artery
  • This surgical procedure is increasing at an annual rate of greater than 20%.
  • COD Chronic Occlusive Disease
  • Femoral artery access allows the interventionalist an easy, safe and less costly approach to treat carotid stenosis with the least invasive trauma to the patient (other access is used as well).
  • a stent that can be deployed at a vascular "bifurcation" which does not occlude the side tributary (or side branch) at the bifurcation and still provide sufficient radial force to keep the vessel sufficiently open.
  • a multi-porous or bifurcated stent or stent-graft that provides scaffolding at the vascular bifurcation and still allows blood to flow in the main vessel as well as into the bifurcated tributary is desirable.
  • this invention has similarities to the present invention because the present invention also discloses braided prostheses (as well as a non-braided prosthesis).
  • Schmitt et al does not address the subject of tributaries and bifurcations.
  • patent number 5,366,505 by Anderson et al describe a tubular medical prosthesis with knitted filaments with openings in between the filaments. This patent also does not address scaffolding of bifurcations. The stent or scaffolding intellectual property of this type that do not address stenting of bifurcations is extensive and will not be further addressed in this patent.
  • endovascular support devices that address this scaffolding or stenting of bifurcations although much less common than the aforementioned non-bifurcated stents or stent-grafts are also prevalent in the market of stents as well in the patent theatre.
  • patent number 5.718.724 by Goicoechea et al describe a bifurcated endoluminal prosthesis and method of installing the device, whereby the stent is configured into a one or two part Y configuration.
  • the bifurcated stent in this patent is also an Y shaped scaffold. In these and similar Y shaped/configured bifurcated stents.
  • the stent is designed to be placed in the entire bifurcation or Y. This enables scaffolding of the entire junction of all three tributaries.
  • Y bifurcation
  • Thousands of linear (as opposed to Y stents) stents have been placed without FDA approval in the U.S. in this bifurcated carotid area. In these cases, a stent is placed into the common carotid artery and further into the internal carotid artery. The stent is placed across the external carotid artery.
  • stents have walls with a very 'open' structure in that they are braided stents but have large enough areas to allow blood to flow through the stent wall and into the external carotid artery or other side branch.
  • These numerous implantations have been reported without significant complications however at the time of this invention, prospective and long-term studies have not been completed. Blood flow from the common carotid artery and into the internal carotid artery appears to be more important due to the fact that the internal carotid artery feeds blood into the middle cerebral artery and other arteries of the brain. However, blood flow into the external artery is still important and has to pass through the stent wall.
  • Patent number 5.607.444 by Lam describes an ostial stent for bifurcations that is different than the Y configuration in that it the main tubular body of the stent is seated into the side branch and has a flaring end that is attached into the main vessel thereby not obstructing flow of the main branch. This design may be useful for side branches, but does not address the main vessel.
  • emboli can become loosened during surgical endarterectomies and these emboli can have deleterious affects 'downstream " .
  • This occurrence would appear to be increased with a LIS approach due to the fact that in an open procedure, the site of revision is in direct view so that these particulate should be more easily detected.
  • the physician is dependent upon image intensification and his or her actual skill to not allow emboli from being dislodged and causing 'downstream " , distal problems.
  • Patent. No. 5,695,519 by Summers et al. describes a percutaneous filter for carotid angioplasty.
  • the filter/trap/occluder device of the present invention is designed to be used alone without any angioplasty, atherectomy device. Further, the present filter invention has been fabricated and tested where diameters of the device are as small as .010 inches in diameter. With sizes this small and smaller, use in the vasculature of the head, is now available. This area appears to be the new and large frontier in the treatment COD. Further, the filter/trap/occluder system of the present invention provides for a novel braiding technique (that is used in the bifurcated stent or stent-graft as well) that allows for entrapment of panicles and removal.
  • a "procedure" oriented system for carotid stenting which reduces or eliminates the stroke potential during stent placement by positioning a fragment filter/trap/occluder downstream (distally) from where the stent is disposed within a bifurcated blood vessel such as the common carotid artery.
  • the stent or stent-graft can be positioned and deployed with comfort knowing that any clot, tissue fragments, etc. (emboli) which are mobilized during deployment of the stent will be trapped in the filter thereby preventing such fragments from entering the brain vasculature and causing the aforementioned deleterious effects.
  • the present invention includes both a single lumen, multi-porous stent and a bifurcated stent. both of which are operable for stenting, the common carotid artery at its point of bifurcation.
  • the present invention is also useful for scaffolding (propping open) other bifurcated areas of the body, both vascular and non-vascular.
  • These stents or stent-grafts can also be placed with an "open " surgery approach.
  • Figure 1 is a two-dimensional schematic cross-sectional view of the common carotid artery bifurcated to form the external carotid and the internal carotid arteries with a stenosis within both branches.
  • Figure 1 is also interpreted as being any vessel within the body where a bifurcation exists. It does not represent only the common carotid artery.
  • Figure 2 is a three-dimension perspective of two particular scaffolds of the present invention.
  • the scaffold (stent or stent-graft) is made from a flat ribbon type material.
  • Figure 3 is a two-dimensional illustration of the distal protection filter/trap/occluder that may be used prior to or with placement of the stent. Further this distal protection system can be used in any interventional procedure where distal protection is desired.
  • Figure 4 shows two-dimensional illustrations of the scaffolding described in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates both a ribbon type multi-porous stent or stent-graft (4C & 4D) and a braided type multi-porous stent or stent-graft (4A & 4B).
  • Figure 5 shows the bifurcated vessel in accordance with Figure 1 wherein the filter is first inserted and then deployed in the vessel (5A). Further Figure 5 shows the un-deployed stent or stent-graft being inserted into position (5B), deployed and then the filter system removed (5C).
  • Figure 6 shows the bifurcated vessel in accordance with Figure 1 wherein two guide wires are inserted into the main and branch vessel (6A), the bifurcated stent or stent-graft of the present invention is inserted into the bifurcated area (6B & 6C), deployed and then the guide wires are removed (6D).
  • the vasculature comprising the common carotid artery is shown schematically in Figure 1.
  • the common carotid artery 10 branches to form the external carotid artery 1 1 and the internal carotid artery 12.
  • the walls 13 of the common carotid artery and the internal carotid are shown in Figure 1 to be thickened, reducing the lumen diameter of the vasculature. This thickened wall is often referred to as a stenotic lesion of the vessel and inhibits flow through the vessel.
  • a guide wire 20 may be positioned within the stenosed lumen of the common. internal and/or external carotid arteries (or other bifurcated vessel system) as shown in Figures 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B & 6C. In Figures 6A. 6B & 6C. two guide wires 20 have been placed.
  • a stent. which can be placed in any bifurcated lumen within the body (e.g. vascular, gastrointestinal, esophageal. etc.), is referred to herein as a "multi-porous stent" and shown at 30 in Figures 2.4 & 5.
  • the filter 40 comprises a braided structure that is attached to an inner mandrill or wire 42 and an outer tube 43.
  • the braid 41 is attached to the distally to the inner wire 42 and proximally to the outer tube 43. This attachment is accomplished in many ways, welding, heat-staking, gluing, etc.
  • the filter 40 is in the undeployed configuration.
  • the filter 40 is in the deployed condition. This is accomplished by moving the inner wire 42 with respect to outer tube 43 and can be shown by the arrow 44 in Figure 3B. This action causes the braid to be put into compression and forces it to expand in an outward direction as in Figure 3B.
  • the filter 40 illustrated is one which has variable pics per inch. One way to fabricate this variable braid is described in
  • Patent number 5.366,443 by Eggars et al. This principal is often referced to as MLIB (Multi- Layer Interlocking Braid), but this variable braid configuration can be made other ways, only one of which is by merely compressing the braid in an asymmetrical fashion. Another way is to attach two different braids together during manufacturing.
  • the stent or stent-graft 30 of Figures 4A, 4B, 5B & 5C may be manufactured using this variable braid technology.
  • the filter 40 can be made from simple non- variable braid as well. In that situation, the filter 41 is deployed in the vessel and may or may not allow flow through it.
  • the distal part of the filter 41 can have a covering over it that allows only small panicles pass that are not detrimental.
  • This covering can be a porous elastic membrane, other braid, film, filter, fabric, textile, etc.
  • the filter 41 may have one pore size on the proximal side of the filter 41 and a smaller pore size on the distal end.
  • the multi-porous stent or stent-graft can be designed in a similar fashion to the MLIB filter 40 previously described.
  • this multi-porosity can be altered using fabric, membrane, etc. Further, it can be fabricated by attaching two different types of braided structure together during manufacturing.
  • the smaller pore size is represented by 45 and 46 show the larger pore size.
  • All stents 30 in can be metal or non-metal, as can the filters/traps/occluders 41.
  • the material may be shaped memory alloy (SMA, metallic or polymeric).
  • SMA shaped memory alloy
  • the filter/trap/occluder illustrated can also be the initial guide wire(s) 20 placed or they can be an additional filter/trap/occluder 40. This filter/trap/occluder may be placed over the initially placed guide wire 20 whereby it will have an additional inner lumen. In that case, the inner mandrill 42. would be a tubular structure as well. Further, the filter/trap/occluder can be placed all by itself.
  • the multi-porous stent illustrated there is made of flattened material or ribbon 50.
  • the multi-porous characteristic is constructed by removing part of the ribbon material from the ribbon 50. This removed material is illustrated as windows 51 and 52 in the drawings.
  • the windows 51 are longitudinally shaped with respect to the ribbon 50.
  • the windows 52 are in a circular shape. It is recognized that the shape of these openings is not relevant to the present invention, as any shape will result in multi- porosity.
  • the ribbon 50 can be made of metallic or non-metallic material. In the case of self- expanding stents. the material may be made of shaped memory alloy (SMA. metallic or polymeric).
  • the strip of SMA is wound into a helical shape having a small diameter dimensioned to fit within the vessel.
  • the stent material is a shape memory alloy (such as Nitinol. NiTi, Nickel-Titanium or other similarly acting material) it can be programmed so that when heated from a cool temperature (e.g. room temperature) to body temperature (37°C, 98°F) it will assume a programmed, expanded tubular shape shown in Figures 5C & 6D or as illustrated in Figures 2, 4A. 4C, 5C & 6D.
  • the shape-memory stent or stent-graft (or filter) material is chosen such that the transition temperature between the smaller, deformed structure shown in Figures 2A. 2B, 3A.
  • SMA material 4B. 4D. 5B. 6B and 6C and the large diameter tubular structure shown in Figures 2A. 2B. 4A. 4C, 5C and 6D occurs at or below body temperature (or some other temperature differential that will facilitate the change in size).
  • the change in shape of the SMA material can be accomplished by the body temperature (whereby it would need to be constrained until in position) or by an extraneous thermal source such as warmed saline or a thermal catheter or guide wire. It is well known to anyone skilled in the art that SMA may need an elevated temperature to effect its dimensional change, but it will retain that changed configuration with a temperature lower than that required to create the change in the first place.
  • the stent 30 or filter 41 may need some temperature higher than body temperature (37°C or 98°F) like 35°C or 110°F to expand, but will stay expanded with significant radial force at the lower body temperature.
  • the stent 30 or filter 41 is preferably coated with a medical grade substance having low thrombogenicity or other medicament that helps prevent deleterious effects that may accompany these procedures.
  • the stent 30 may be coated with any of a variety of fabrics/textiles that allow tissue growth into it and/or other stabilization.
  • the stent 30 may be impregnated with radioactivity, monoclonal anti-bodies or a variety of other medicaments that may inhibit restenosis or other deleterious effects that wish to be avoided. Even further, it is understood that use of the present invention can be used with image intensification (Fluoroscopy, Ultrasound. Intraluminal Ultrasound, etc.).
  • the stent 30 can be deployed by means of a guide wire or by means of an intravascular balloon catheter used either alone or adapted to slide over a guide wire 20. as will be discussed below.
  • the stent 30 is advanced along the guide wire 20 until it is in position at the juncture between the common and the internal carotid arteries (or other bifurcated vessel) as shown in Figures 5 & 6.
  • the filter 40 also referred to as Distal Protection System (DPS) may or may not be used in conjunction with the stent placement.
  • a guide wire 20 only may be used with a stent delivery catheter 60.
  • a guide wire 20 and filter 40 and delivery catheter 60 could be used.
  • Another alternative would be the filter 40 and the stent 30 only could be used. Further, filter 40 and catheter 60 alone could be used.
  • the stent 30 is permitted to warm to body temperature whereupon the stent undergoes a shape transformation as shown in Figure 5C or 6D.
  • additional thermal energy could be delivered to that area.
  • SMA may not be used and the stent 30 could be deployed using an inflatable balloon (not shown) or other outward radial force component to enlarge the stent 30.
  • the increased diameter of the stent holds the carotid artery (or other vessel) open at the juncture between the internal and common carotid arteries (or other vessel).
  • a portion of the stent 55 or 46 is preferably more permeable to flow than the remaining portion of the stent 45.
  • the holes are preferably positioned with respect of the external carotid artery (or other side branch).
  • the multi-porous stent will be positioned so that the larger pores 55 are oriented to the side branch. The guide wire and/or catheter are then removed and the stent remains in position until no longer needed.
  • the bifurcated stent 80 ( Figures 6 B. C &D) can also be made self-expanding from a shape-memory alloy or balloon expandable.
  • the bifurcated stent 80 may be conveniently positioned at the juncture by means of dual guide wires as shown in Figure 6.
  • the pair of guide wires 20 are advanced through the common carotid artery (or other vessel) until they reach the bifurcation point.
  • One guide wire 20 is inserted and advanced into the external carotid artery (or other side branch) whereas the other guide wire 20 projects further into the internal carotid artery (or other vessel).
  • the bifurcated stent 80 is advanced along the guide wires 20 by an over-the-wire catheter 60 or similar device such that when the stent 80 reaches the point of division at the juncture of the internal and external carotid arteries (or other bifurcated vessel), the arms of the bifurcated stent 80 divides.
  • This division of the bifurcated stent 80 can be aided by using two filter/trap/occluders 40 because of the retention force that they may have due to their impinging against the wall of the vessel. This will have a tendency to anchor the wire 20 and keep it from pulling out. This characteristic of the filter/trap/occluder is obviously of benefit elsewhere other than in Figure 6 and even outside the scope of the present invention.
  • holes or windows 51 and/or 52 Prior to deployment and placement in the body, it would be longer and a smaller diameter than when deployed. Further, holes or windows 51 and/or 52 would be made in the flat part of the wire in such locations that when the stent is deployed and takes its shorter and larger diameter shape, the holes 51 or 52 would be oriented in such a fashion so that the stent could be place in such a way that the windows 51 &52 of the stent would be aligned with respect to the bifurcated tributary (or side branch) and hence allow flow into or out of that tributary.
  • the multi-porous stent could be simply constructed out of round or flat wire that is programmed to take a particular shape upon enlargement.
  • the wire would be coiled small for insertion, but when enlarged, the coils would be oriented close together where there is no side branch, and the space between the coils could have an increased distance between them at the bifurcation or side branch. Then the space would decrease or diminish altogether on the other side of the side branch and be nested closer against one another again.
  • This configuration is not illustrated in the drawings, but is readily understood by anyone skilled in the art.
  • SMA shape-memory alloy
  • Another stent design may employ a braided material to form the stent body, such that the preferred lower porosity area has less braid (thread density) in the particular area and/or more dense braid in the area where ' flow or porosity is not required.
  • the CPS (Cerebral Protection System) or DPS (Distal Protection System) approach allows the interventionalist an easy, safe and less costly approach to treat carotid stenosis (or other bifurcated stenosis) in a least invasive manner. This is accomplished by first using a guide wire filter to trap plaque or blood clots from traveling downstream and causing stroke, death, etc. However, the need arises for a stent that can be deployed at a ''bifurcation" which does not occlude the tributary/side branch at the bifurcation.
  • a multi-porous or bifurcated stent or stent-graft allows scaffolding to occur at the bifurcation and still allow blood to flow in the main vessel as well as into the bifurcated tributary.
  • the physician must first gain access to the vascular lumen then advance the distal end of the filter guide wire through the vessel until the fragment filter is positioned distal to blood flow.
  • the interventionalist then deploys the filter which is constructed such that it will allow blood to flow through it but will trap 2-300 micron particles (or other paniculate size that may be detrimental).
  • the guide wire filter is a two-lumen system with a moveable braid on the distal end.
  • the braid could have an elastic membrane over it so that it occludes the vessel fully or partially. If full occlusion occurs (from a fully or partially sealed filter 41), the lumen could be 'washed' for particulate (emboli) similar to the way endarterectomies are washed before closing the artery. In this case the 'washing * would be done by flushing and irrigating the lumen and then with subsequent aspiration. This 'washing' may be repeated.
  • the braid folds out in a round, ellipsoid, cone shape, etc. configuration.
  • One side of the braid (the proximal end) may have large interstitial spaces and the other half may have small spaces that will trap clots and plaque.
  • the interventionist slides the catheter 60 with the multi-porous stent 30 over the guide wire 40 and advances the stent into position proximal to the fragment filter 41.
  • the multi-porous stent is deployed by expanding a balloon (not shown) thereunder to force the stent wall to expand within the vessel and be in corcect orientation to the bifurcated tributary or side branch.
  • the stent 30 could be enlarged using thermal energy.
  • the guide wire filter is un-deployed into its original small orientation (with any clots or plaque particles trapped inside) and removed or otherwise obliterated.
  • a stent or stent-graft such as a braided stent is mounted on a catheter over an inflatable balloon.
  • the stent is prevented from expanding until in proper position within the vessel whereupon the balloon is inflated, causing the braided stent to press against the intima (inner wall of the vessel).
  • the balloon and filter are then deflated and retracted respectively and the removed leaving the stent within the vessel (s).
  • the filter/trap/occluder can also be mounted onto the deployment catheter as opposed to a separate device.
  • balloon angioplasty can be accomplished prior to inserting the stent to allow for easier placement of the stent and a subsequent larger diametrical result.

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PCT/US1998/008194 1997-04-23 1998-04-21 Bifurcated stent and distal protection system Ceased WO1998047447A1 (en)

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EP1011532A1 (en) 2000-06-28
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