WO1994025916A1 - Transparent touch panel - Google Patents
Transparent touch panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994025916A1 WO1994025916A1 PCT/JP1994/000719 JP9400719W WO9425916A1 WO 1994025916 A1 WO1994025916 A1 WO 1994025916A1 JP 9400719 W JP9400719 W JP 9400719W WO 9425916 A1 WO9425916 A1 WO 9425916A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- movable electrode
- film
- transparent
- electrode film
- hard coat
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/045—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using resistive elements, e.g. a single continuous surface or two parallel surfaces put in contact
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent touch panel that does not show interference fringes or whitening, has excellent appearance and visibility, and can increase surface strength.
- a transparent touch panel arranged on a display such as a liquid crystal display device and used as an input device.
- a transparent touch panel includes a movable electrode film 2 on which a transparent movable electrode 4 is formed and a fixed electrode support 8 on which a transparent fixed electrode 7 is formed.
- a resistive film type in which the movable electrode 4 and the fixed electrode 7 are bonded so as to be opposed to each other by a slight gap by the circuit 5 so that the movable electrode 4 and the fixed electrode 7 face each other.
- the movable electrode 4 and the fixed electrode 7 are electrically connected by pressing the movable electrode film 2 with a finger or a pen from above. If such an input operation is repeated many times, the upper surface of the movable electrode film 2 will be damaged, so that a hard coat layer 1 is formed on the upper surface of the movable electrode film 2 to protect the surface of the transparent touch panel. This is often the case.
- the movable electrode film 2 is heated or irradiated with ultraviolet light to crosslink the hard coat layer 1 when the hard coat layer 1 is provided.
- the resin is perfect Does not crosslink, leaving uncrosslinked portions.
- a circuit for obtaining conduction from the movable electrode 4 is printed with a conductive ink, or the movable electrode film 2 and the fixed electrode support 8 are bonded to each other. Adhesive for this is printed around the movable electrode film 2.
- Such printing is subjected to heat treatment as a drying step.
- heat treatment By this heat treatment, both the hard coat layer 1 and the movable electrode film 2 are thermally contracted, but their behaviors are different.
- the heat treatment at the time of printing causes the crosslinking of the uncrosslinked portion of the hard coat layer 1 to proceed, so that the heat shrinkage of the hard coat layer 1 exceeds the heat shrinkage of the movable electrode film 2.
- the movable electrode film 2 bonded and integrated with the hard coat layer 1 is warped in the direction in which the center is depressed, and the movable electrode film 2 and the fixed electrode support 8 are abnormal. Will be approaching.
- interference fringes are likely to appear around the recessed portions, and the appearance and recognition are deteriorated.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a transparent touch panel which solves the above-mentioned drawbacks, does not cause interference fringes and whitening, has excellent appearance and visibility, and can increase surface strength.
- a transparent and flexible movable electrode film a transparent hard coat layer formed on an upper surface of the movable electrode film, A transparent movable electrode formed on the lower surface of the movable electrode film; a transparent shrinkable resin layer formed between the movable electrode film and the movable electrode; and a fixed member disposed below and opposed to the movable electrode film.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a transparent touch panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a transparent touch panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a transparent touch panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional transparent touch panel.
- 1 is a hard coat layer
- 2 is a movable electrode film
- 3 is a shrinkable resin layer
- 4 is a movable electrode
- 5 is a spacer
- 6 is a peripheral adhesive layer
- 7 is a fixed electrode
- 8 is a fixed electrode.
- Fixed electrode support, 9 indicates an adhesive
- 10 indicates a support film.
- a hard coat layer 1 is formed on an upper surface of a transparent movable electrode film 2, a transparent shrinkable resin layer 3 is formed on a lower surface, and a movable electrode 4 is formed on a lower surface thereof.
- the movable electrode film 2 and the fixed electrode support 8 having the fixed electrode 7 formed on one side thereof face the surface on which the movable electrode 4 and the fixed electrode 7 are formed via a number of spacers 5. It is configured to
- the movable electrode film 2 is made of a flexible transparent film.
- a transparent film made of a polyethylene terephthalate resin, a polycarbonate resin, a cellulose resin, a triacetate resin, a polyethersulfone resin, or the like can be used.
- the thickness is preferably about 100 to 200 m.
- the movable electrode film 2 may be not a single film but a laminate in which a plurality of films are stacked.
- the hard coat layer 1 is formed on the entire upper surface of the movable electrode film 2.
- the hard coat layer 1 is made of an inorganic material such as a siloxane resin or an organic material such as an acrylic epoxy.
- the thickness of the hard coat layer 1 is 1 to ⁇
- the thickness of the hard coat layer 1 is less than 1 // m, it is difficult to protect the movable electrode film 2. When the thickness of the hard coat layer 1 exceeds 15 m, it is difficult to form the hard coat layer 1 itself.
- the shrinkable resin layer 3 is formed on the entire lower surface of the movable electrode film 2. If the same resin as that used for the hard coat layer 1 is used as the shrinkable resin layer 3, it is convenient for production. Further, a transparent crosslinkable resin such as a melamine resin or an acrylic resin may be used.
- the heat-shrinkable resin layer 3 has a heat shrinkage ratio that is equal to or greater than the heat shrinkage ratio of the hard coat layer 1. This prevents the central portion of the movable electrode film 2 from being dented downward due to contraction. When the thickness of the movable electrode 4 is extremely small and its heat shrinkage is negligible, the heat shrinkage of the shrinkable resin layer 3 is higher than that of the hard coat layer 1. What should I do?
- the material of the hard coat layer 1 and the material of the shrinkable resin layer 3 may be made different from each other, or the thickness of each layer may be changed.
- the thickness of the shrinkable resin layer 3 is set such that the movable electrode film 2 does not eventually have a concave center, as shown in FIG. 1 as the first embodiment. It may be slightly upwardly convex or have the size necessary to be flat as shown in FIG. 2 as a second embodiment. Specifically, it is preferable that the thickness of the shrinkable resin layer 3 be 0.5 to 3 times the thickness of the hard coat layer 1.
- the movable electrode 4 is formed on the lower surface of the movable electrode film 2 via the shrinkable resin layer 3.
- the movable electrode 4 is made of a metal such as gold, silver, copper, tin, nickel, or palladium; A transparent conductive film such as a metal oxide is used. Examples of the method for forming the movable electrode 4 include a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, and a CVD method.
- the transparent conductive film formed was supported film adhesive a good c support film be formed by connexion movable electrode 4 to be stuck through as an electrode 4, the thickness of 1 2 to 5 0 / m Polyethylene terephthalate resin.
- An example of the adhesive is an acrylic resin.
- the total heat shrinkage of the shrinkable resin layer 3, the movable electrode 4, the support film 10, and the adhesive 9 is equal to or greater than the heat shrinkage of the hard coat layer 1. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the central portion of the movable electrode film 2 from being dented downward due to the heat shrinkage of the hard coat layer 1.
- the fixed electrode support 8 is made of a transparent film or a transparent glass.
- a polyester film or a glass plate can be used.
- the fixed electrode 7 is formed on the upper surface of the fixed electrode support 8. As the fixed electrode 7, a transparent conductive film such as ITO is used.
- the spacer 5 keeps a predetermined distance between the movable electrode 4 and the fixed electrode 7 and separates both members 4 and 7.
- the spacer 5 is formed on the movable electrode 4 or the fixed electrode 7.
- the spacer 15 can be obtained by forming a transparent resin such as photosensitive acrylic or photosensitive polyester into a fine dot shape by a photo process. Further, the spacer 5 can be formed by forming a large number of fine dots by a printing method.
- the peripheral edge adhesive layer 6 is for bonding the peripheral edge of the movable side member having the movable electrode film 2 and the movable electrode 4 to the peripheral edge of the fixed side member having the fixed electrode support 8 and the fixed electrode 7.
- the peripheral adhesive layer 6 is made of acrylic resin, epoxy, or the like on one or both of the periphery of the lower surface of the movable electrode film 2 or the periphery of the movable electrode 4 formed on the lower surface and the periphery of the upper surface of the fixed electrode support 8. It can be formed by applying an adhesive made of resin, phenol resin, vinyl resin, or the like. Further, an adhesive paste such as a double-sided adhesive tape is also preferable as the peripheral adhesive layer 6.
- the hard coat layer 1 is formed on the upper surface of the movable electrode film 2, and the shrinkable resin layer 3 and the movable electrode 4 are formed on the lower surface of the movable electrode film 2. Therefore, the following effects can be obtained.
- the heat shrinkage of the shrinkable resin layer 3 is set to be higher than in the above case, the movable electrode film 2 is warped such that the center is slightly upwardly convex.
- the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is used.
- the distance between the movable electrode film 2 and the fixed electrode support 8 can be appropriately maintained.
- the oligomer does not precipitate from the movable electrode film 2, so that the movable electrode film 2 becomes white. Can be prevented.
- the heat shrinkage of the shrinkable resin layer 3 can be set to an arbitrary value by adjusting the type and thickness of the shrinkable resin layer 3. The balance with can be adjusted.
- a 125-m thick polyester film was used as the movable electrode film, and a 1 / m-thick hard coat layer based on a silane-based resin was provided on the upper surface thereof.
- an acrylic resin was coated on the lower surface of the movable electrode film, and dried to form a shrinkable resin layer having a thickness of 3 zm.
- a transparent conductive film made of ITO was provided on the entire surface of the contractible resin layer of the movable electrode film by a sputtering method to form a movable electrode.
- a glass having a thickness of 1.1 mm was used as a fixed electrode support, and a transparent conductive film made of ITO was entirely provided on one surface thereof to form a fixed electrode.
- a spacer having a diameter of 40 m was formed on the fixed electrode by a photo process.
- An acrylic transparent adhesive was applied to the lower edge of the movable electrode film and the peripheral edge of the upper surface of the fixed electrode support, and bonded so that the movable electrode and the fixed electrode faced each other to obtain a transparent touch panel.
- a polyester film with a thickness of 125 / zm that has been corona-treated on both sides and knurled on both ends is used, and an acryl-based resin is coated on its upper surface with a thickness of about 8 m and irradiated with ultraviolet light And hardened to provide a hard coat layer.
- the same resin as that of the hard coat layer is coated at a thickness of about 4 / zm on the surface of the movable electrode film on which the hard coat layer is not formed, and cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays to provide a shrinkable resin layer.
- a transparent acrylic resin-based adhesive was coated on the shrinkable resin layer by about 25 m.
- a support film made of polyethylene terephthalate having a thickness of 25 // m and a transparent conductive film made of ITO provided on the entire surface by sputtering to form a movable electrode was prepared.
- the surface on the side opposite to the electrode was bonded to the ataryl adhesive of the movable electrode film.
- Example 2 a fixed electrode support having a spacer and a fixed electrode formed thereon was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the movable electrode and the fixed electrode were bonded together in the same manner as in Example 1. A transparent touch panel was obtained.
- the transparent touch panel of the present invention has a shrinkable film having a hard coat layer formed on one surface of a movable electrode film and having a heat shrinkage not less than the heat shrinkage of the hard coat layer on the other surface. Since the resin layer is formed, the following effects can be obtained.
- the movable electrode film does not warp or becomes slightly convex even if the warp occurs, and the distance between the movable electrode film and the fixed electrode support is appropriately maintained at a predetermined distance. Can be prevented. Therefore, when a transparent touch panel is set on a display such as an LCD and the lower image is viewed through the transparent touch panel, no interference fringes appear and the appearance and visibility are excellent.
- the oligomer does not precipitate from the movable electrode film, the movable electrode film does not whiten, and the transparent touch panel has high transparency and excellent appearance and visibility.
- the warp of the movable electrode film can be controlled by adjusting the type and thickness of the shrinkable resin layer, the thickness of the hard coat layer can be easily increased. Therefore, the surface strength of the transparent sunset panel is high.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019950704648A KR100308139B1 (ko) | 1993-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | 투명터치패널 |
US08/537,816 US5668576A (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | Transparent touch panel with contractible resin layer used to maintain visibility |
CA002161634A CA2161634C (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | Transparent touch panel |
EP94914571A EP0697646B1 (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | Transparent touch panel |
DE69431055T DE69431055T2 (de) | 1993-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | Durchsichtige berührungsempfindliche tafel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP12497093 | 1993-04-28 | ||
JP5/124970 | 1993-04-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994025916A1 true WO1994025916A1 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
Family
ID=14898733
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1994/000719 WO1994025916A1 (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | Transparent touch panel |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5668576A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0697646B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100308139B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1097224C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2161634C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69431055T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1994025916A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US7274357B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2007-09-25 | Sentelic Corporation | Touch pad module including separate touch pad and control circuit units |
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TW388894B (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 2000-05-01 | Nissha Printing | High strength touch panel and manufacturing method therefor |
US6008718A (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-12-28 | Chen; Ming-De | Single-resistor-foil pressure sensitive coordinate input system |
DE19810327A1 (de) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-09-16 | Karl Otto Platz | Glastastatur, sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Glastastatur |
JP3644476B2 (ja) * | 1998-04-30 | 2005-04-27 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 携帯用電子機器 |
KR100630147B1 (ko) * | 1998-09-10 | 2006-10-02 | 군제 가부시키가이샤 | 터치 패널 |
JP4593721B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-19 | 2010-12-08 | グンゼ株式会社 | タッチパネル |
JP4592862B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-03 | 2010-12-08 | グンゼ株式会社 | タッチパネル |
US6664950B1 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2003-12-16 | L-3 Communications | Resistive touch panel using removable, tensioned top layer |
JP2001306258A (ja) * | 2000-02-18 | 2001-11-02 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | タッチパネル用透明導電膜付き基板 |
JP2002082772A (ja) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-03-22 | Hitachi Ltd | タッチパネルとその製造方法および、このタッチパネルを用いた画面入力型表示装置 |
US6555235B1 (en) | 2000-07-06 | 2003-04-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Touch screen system |
US6406758B1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-06-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of applying a protective coating to a touch screen panel |
US6816147B2 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2004-11-09 | E Ink Corporation | Bistable electro-optic display, and method for addressing same |
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US6587097B1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2003-07-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Display system |
JP2002202855A (ja) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | タッチパネル及びこれを用いた電子機器 |
US6787253B2 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2004-09-07 | Bridgestone Corporation | Transparent electroconductive film and touch panel |
US6896981B2 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2005-05-24 | Bridgestone Corporation | Transparent conductive film and touch panel |
JP4032390B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-09 | 2008-01-16 | ミネベア株式会社 | タッチパネルアッセンブリー |
EP1444608B1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2008-12-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for selecting electronic documents from a physical document and for displaying said electronic documents over said physical document |
US20030117378A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Device and system for retrieving and displaying handwritten annotations |
KR100804519B1 (ko) * | 2002-10-10 | 2008-02-20 | 인터내셔널 비지네스 머신즈 코포레이션 | 물리적 문서들에서 저작권 보호된 정보를 선택,주문 및 액세스하기 위한 장치 및 방법 |
US7310779B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2007-12-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for creating and selecting active regions on physical documents |
US7554624B2 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2009-06-30 | Nissha Printing Co., Ltd. | Electronic device with protection panel, protection panel, and method of fabricating protection panels |
JP2006018800A (ja) * | 2004-06-01 | 2006-01-19 | Nitto Denko Corp | 高耐久タッチパネル |
US20080079697A1 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-04-03 | Dong-Ju Lee | Display device and manufacturing method thereof |
JP4667471B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-18 | 2011-04-13 | 日東電工株式会社 | 透明導電性フィルム、その製造方法及びそれを備えたタッチパネル |
JP2009094770A (ja) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-30 | Panasonic Corp | 入力装置及びこれを用いたリモコン送信機 |
JP5196973B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-27 | 2013-05-15 | 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 | パネル型入力装置を備えた電子機器 |
KR101596372B1 (ko) * | 2008-02-15 | 2016-03-08 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시장치용 투명전극, 표시장치 및 표시장치의 제조방법 |
TW201001251A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-01 | J Touch Corp | Structure of touch panel containing image layer |
CN102334091B (zh) * | 2009-02-26 | 2016-01-06 | 3M创新有限公司 | 触摸屏传感器和具有低可见度的覆盖微图案的图案化基材 |
WO2011010378A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-23 | 2011-01-27 | 日本写真印刷株式会社 | 電子機器表示窓のタッチ入力機能付き保護パネル |
JP4875182B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-24 | 2012-02-15 | 日本写真印刷株式会社 | 保護パネル及び電子機器 |
JP5739742B2 (ja) | 2010-11-04 | 2015-06-24 | 日東電工株式会社 | 透明導電性フィルムおよびタッチパネル |
JP5844996B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 | 2016-01-20 | 日東電工株式会社 | 透明導電性積層体及びタッチパネル |
JP5839470B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-31 | 2016-01-06 | 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 | ポインティングデバイス、及びその製造方法 |
KR20140055444A (ko) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 터치 감지 장치 및 그 제작 방법 |
CN102955640B (zh) * | 2012-11-09 | 2016-03-02 | 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 | 一种触摸屏及制作方法 |
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JPS59104764A (ja) * | 1982-12-03 | 1984-06-16 | Canon Inc | 液晶表示キ−ボ−ド |
JPH025308A (ja) * | 1988-06-23 | 1990-01-10 | Toray Ind Inc | 導電性を有するプラスチック成形体 |
JPH0418628A (ja) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-01-22 | Nitto Denko Corp | タッチパネル |
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JPH0337055Y2 (ja) * | 1985-01-16 | 1991-08-06 | ||
US4707570A (en) * | 1985-02-12 | 1987-11-17 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Manual information input device |
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JPH0642341B2 (ja) * | 1987-05-21 | 1994-06-01 | グンゼ株式会社 | タツチパネル |
US4990900A (en) * | 1987-10-01 | 1991-02-05 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Touch panel |
JPH0550561A (ja) * | 1991-08-20 | 1993-03-02 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 透明導電性フイルム及び透明タツチパネル |
JP2516502B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-25 | 1996-07-24 | 日本写真印刷株式会社 | 入力装置 |
-
1994
- 1994-04-28 KR KR1019950704648A patent/KR100308139B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-04-28 CA CA002161634A patent/CA2161634C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-28 US US08/537,816 patent/US5668576A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-28 DE DE69431055T patent/DE69431055T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-28 CN CN94191938A patent/CN1097224C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-28 WO PCT/JP1994/000719 patent/WO1994025916A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1994-04-28 EP EP94914571A patent/EP0697646B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59104764A (ja) * | 1982-12-03 | 1984-06-16 | Canon Inc | 液晶表示キ−ボ−ド |
JPH025308A (ja) * | 1988-06-23 | 1990-01-10 | Toray Ind Inc | 導電性を有するプラスチック成形体 |
JPH0418628A (ja) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-01-22 | Nitto Denko Corp | タッチパネル |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0697646A4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7274357B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2007-09-25 | Sentelic Corporation | Touch pad module including separate touch pad and control circuit units |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1097224C (zh) | 2002-12-25 |
CA2161634C (en) | 2004-04-27 |
CN1121747A (zh) | 1996-05-01 |
KR960702126A (ko) | 1996-03-28 |
CA2161634A1 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
DE69431055D1 (de) | 2002-08-29 |
EP0697646B1 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
US5668576A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
EP0697646A4 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
EP0697646A1 (en) | 1996-02-21 |
DE69431055T2 (de) | 2003-01-23 |
KR100308139B1 (ko) | 2001-11-30 |
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