WO1994016371A1 - System zum betreiben eines heizelements für einen keramischen sensor in einem kraftfahrzeug - Google Patents
System zum betreiben eines heizelements für einen keramischen sensor in einem kraftfahrzeug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994016371A1 WO1994016371A1 PCT/DE1993/001149 DE9301149W WO9416371A1 WO 1994016371 A1 WO1994016371 A1 WO 1994016371A1 DE 9301149 W DE9301149 W DE 9301149W WO 9416371 A1 WO9416371 A1 WO 9416371A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- temperature
- phase
- ceramic sensor
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G23/00—Means for ensuring the correct positioning of parts of control mechanisms, e.g. for taking-up play
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1493—Details
- F02D41/1494—Control of sensor heater
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system for operating a heating element for a ceramic sensor in a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a system for operating a heating element for a ceramic sensor in a motor vehicle is known from US Pat. No. 4,348,583.
- a constant current is applied to a heating element in a first time interval.
- the current is pulsed in a second time interval, so that heating is carried out with reduced power in the second time interval.
- a high heating output is made available during the first time interval in order to reach a desired temperature as quickly as possible.
- heating is carried out with reduced power in order to maintain the temperature.
- the object of the invention is to set different sensor temperatures in a system of the type mentioned at the outset for operating a heating element for a ceramic sensor in a motor vehicle, depending on the operating state of an internal combustion engine driving the motor vehicle.
- Another object of the invention is to protect the ceramic sensor from damage by impinging liquid.
- the ceramic sensor should be ready for operation as quickly as possible and the sensor signals should be impaired as little as possible.
- the invention is intended to enable protection of the ceramic sensor without any structural changes to the sensor or with only minor structural changes and to be inexpensive.
- the invention has the advantage that it enables a setting of the temperature TSe of the ceramic sensor that is matched to the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine.
- a first operating state (phase I) of the internal combustion engine is defined in which it is to be expected that liquid is present in the exhaust gas duct of the internal combustion engine and a second operating state (phase II) in which it is not to be expected that in the exhaust gas duct the internal combustion engine liquid is present.
- the critical temperature TSeK is selected so that when the ceramic sensor is operated below the critical temperature TSeK there is no significant risk of damage to the ceramic sensor when it comes into contact with liquid. If the internal combustion engine is in the second operating state, the control of the heating element can be oriented, for example, to an optimal operating temperature of the ceramic sensor.
- the distinction between the two operating states mentioned when controlling the heating element has the advantage that the risk of damage to the ceramic sensor due to contact with liquid is eliminated and the service life of the ceramic sensor can thus be extended without any design changes must be made on the sensor.
- the heating element is not put into operation during the first operating state of the internal combustion engine or is operated with reduced output or is initially operated with high output and then with reduced output.
- the transition from high to reduced power occurs when a selectable period of time has passed since the start of the internal combustion engine or when it can be assumed that the temperature TSe of the ceramic sensor has exceeded a threshold TSel. Whether the threshold value TSel has been exceeded can be determined from the temperature-dependent properties of the ceramic sensor or the signal from a temperature sensor that is in thermal contact with the ceramic sensor.
- the last offers the advantage that the ceramic sensor is heated very quickly to the temperature which is the maximum permissible under the given circumstances. It is thereby achieved that the optimum operating temperature of the ceramic sensor can be set within a short time after the transition from the first to the second operating state of the internal combustion engine. All three measures for protecting the ceramic sensor have in common that they are only taken when it is necessary, ie during the first operating state.
- the first operating state is after a cold start of the internal combustion engine. A cold start is assumed if the coolant temperature of the internal combustion engine is below a threshold value TKM1 at the start.
- the transition from the first to the second operating state of the internal combustion engine occurs when a selectable period of time has elapsed since the beginning of the first operating state or when it can be assumed that the temperature TAbg of the exhaust system in the vicinity of the ceramic sensor has exceeded a threshold value TTau .
- the latter can be determined from the signal of a temperature sensor which is attached in the vicinity of the ceramic sensor or from a model which approximately describes the temperature TAbg of the exhaust system in the vicinity of the ceramic sensor.
- the amount of air or air mass sucked in since the start of the internal combustion engine is integrated into the model and the integral is compared with a threshold value.
- the system according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in the case of an oxygen probe which is attached in the exhaust gas duct of the internal combustion engine, seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gases, before or after a catalytic converter.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an internal combustion engine with the components essential to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of the system according to the invention for operating a heating element for an oxygen probe
- FIG. 3 shows diagrams for the time profile of the electrical power supplied to the heating element (top), the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe (center) and the temperature TAbg of the exhaust system in the vicinity of the oxygen probe (bottom) and
- FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a device with which it can be determined whether the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe has exceeded a threshold value TSel.
- the invention is described below using the example of an oxygen probe which is located in the exhaust gas duct of an internal combustion engine.
- the oxygen probe is used to record the oxygen content of the exhaust gas and to make it available to a device for regulating the air / fuel ratio.
- the oxygen probe has generally been installed very far forward in the exhaust gas duct, ie close to the internal combustion engine, in order to ensure rapid heating of the oxygen probe by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine.
- it is usually equipped with an electrical heating element.
- the heating element it can be ensured by the heating element that the oxygen probe also under operating conditions under which the Exhaust gas temperature is low and / or only a very small amount of exhaust gas is present, is kept at operating temperature.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an internal combustion engine 100 with the components essential to the invention.
- An intake tract 102 and an exhaust gas duct 104 are attached to the internal combustion engine 100.
- In the intake tract 102 of the internal combustion engine 100 there are - in the flow direction of the intake air - an air mass or air flow meter 106, a sensor 108 for detecting the temperature of the intake air and an injection nozzle 110.
- the exhaust duct 104 of the internal combustion engine 100 is located - viewed in the flow direction of the exhaust gases - an oxygen probe 112 with heating element 114, a sensor 116 for detecting the temperature TAbg of the exhaust gas or the wall of the exhaust gas duct 104 in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 Catalyst 118 and optionally an additional oxygen probe 120 with heating element 122 and a further sensor 124 for detecting the temperature TAbg of the exhaust gases or the wall of the exhaust gas duct 104 in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 120.
- a sensor 126 is attached to the internal combustion engine 100 the coolant temperature of the internal combustion engine 100.
- a control unit 128 is connected to the sensor 108, the injector 110, the oxygen probe 112, the heating element 114, the sensor 116, the oxygen probe 120, the heating element 122, the sensor 124 and the via lines with the air mass or air flow meter 106 Sensor 126 connected.
- the oxygen probe 120 is not absolutely necessary for regulating the air / fuel ratio, so that today's systems are often only equipped with the oxygen probe 112 for cost reasons. In the future, however, a two-probe concept that contains both the oxygen probe 112 and the oxygen probe 120 appears to be gaining in importance.
- An embodiment with only one oxygen probe 112 is used for the description below of the functional principle of the invention.
- the Transfer to an exemplary embodiment with two oxygen probes 112 and 120 is very simple, since each heating element 114, 122 is controlled for itself using the same principle as in the exemplary embodiment with only one oxygen probe 112. A separate control is necessary because it can generally be assumed that the oxygen probes 112 and 120 are exposed to different conditions. The differences can be particularly large after a cold start of the internal combustion engine 100.
- the catalytic converter 118 then has a low temperature - generally approximately the ambient temperature - and can initially store large amounts of condensed water, so that the exhaust gases are cooled on the way from the oxygen probe 112 to the oxygen probe 120 and with liquid be enriched.
- the risk of damage from contact with liquid thus exists for the oxygen probe 120 for a substantially longer period of time than for the oxygen probe 112, so that the protective measures for the oxygen probe 120 can accordingly be maintained longer.
- a first operating state it can be assumed that liquid, generally condensed water, is present in the exhaust duct 104 in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112.
- a second operating state it can be assumed that there is no liquid in the exhaust duct 104 in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112. A risk of damage to the oxygen probe 112 by contact with liquid thus only exists in the first operating state and consequently Measures to protect the oxygen probe 112 must also be taken only during the first operating state.
- the first operating state is generally present after a cold start of the internal combustion engine 100, as long as the temperature TAbg of the exhaust gas duct in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 is lower than the dew point temperature TTau of approximately 50-60 ° C.
- the period within which the internal combustion engine is in the first operating state is referred to as phase I below. If the dew point temperature TTau is exceeded, there is a transition to the second operating state and phase II begins.
- the signal from sensor 126 which detects the temperature of the coolant of internal combustion engine 100, is evaluated immediately before or immediately after engine 100 is started. If the evaluation shows that the temperature of the coolant is greater than a threshold value TKM1, which is, for example, 75 ° C., there is no cold start.
- TKM1 which is, for example, 75 ° C.
- the internal combustion engine 100 is in the second operating state and no further measures are required to protect the oxygen probe 112 from damage due to contact with liquid, ie the activation of the heating element 114 is not subject to any restrictions in this connection. If, on the other hand, the temperature of the coolant is lower than the threshold value TKM1, there is a cold start and it can initially be assumed that the internal combustion engine 100 is in the first operating state.
- Measure 1 measures to protect the oxygen probe 112 must be taken until the second operating state is reached. These measures are intended in each case to prevent the oxygen probe 112 from being heated to temperatures by the heating element 114 during phase I at which there is a risk of damage to the oxygen probe 112 by contact with liquid. The following individual measures are available: Measure 1:
- the heating element 114 remains switched off.
- the heating element 114 is operated with a power P2 which is reduced compared to its nominal power Pl.
- the heating element 114 is initially operated with its nominal power Pl and if it can be assumed that the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 has exceeded a threshold value TSel, the heating power P is reduced in such a way that the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 no longer increases or only increases slightly.
- the threshold TSel is approximately 50 K below a critical temperature TSeK of z. B. 300 to 350 ° C, above which there is a risk of damage to the oxygen probe 112 upon contact with liquid.
- the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 can be estimated from the time which has elapsed since the heating element 114 was switched on or from the output signals of the oxygen probe 112 or from the signals from a temperature sensor which is in thermal contact with the Oxygen probe 112 is located or can be determined by other methods familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- phase I ends and phase II begins can either be approximately determined from empirical values collected during the application (option 1) or determined as follows:
- the signals from the temperature sensor 116 are used to determine whether the dew point temperature TTau in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 has been exceeded.
- Option 3 the dew point temperature TTau in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 has been exceeded.
- a mathematical model for the exhaust gas temperature, into which the amount of air or air mass added since the engine 100 started, is used to determine whether the dew point temperature TTau in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 has been exceeded.
- FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention for operating the heating element 114 of an oxygen probe 112.
- measure 3 described above is taken during phase I and the transition from phase I to phase II is carried out according to a of options 1, 2 or 3 described above.
- the flow chart begins with a first step 200 in which the internal combustion engine 100 is started. Subsequently, in a step 202, a query is made as to whether the coolant temperature of the internal combustion engine 100 is lower than the threshold value TKM1. If this condition is met, a step 204 follows. In step 204, the heating element 114 is put into operation with nominal power Pl. Then in step 206 it is queried whether the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 has exceeded the threshold value TSel. This query is repeated until the requested condition is fulfilled. If the condition is met, ⁇ . O follows step 208. In step 208, a query is made as to whether it can be assumed that liquid is present in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112.
- step 210 follows in which the heating element 114 is operated with power P2 reduced relative to its nominal power Pl.
- the reduction in the power P can be achieved, for example, by clocking the electrical current flowing through the heating element 114.
- step 212 follows, in which the heating element 114 is operated with nominal power Pl. Step 212 can also be reached directly from step 202, specifically when the condition of step 202 is not fulfilled, ie when there is no cold start and therefore also no measures for protecting the oxygen probe 112 from damage by contact with liquid are required.
- FIG. 3 shows diagrams for the time profile of the electrical power P supplied to the heating element 114 (top), the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 (center) and the temperature TAbg in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 (bottom).
- Phase I which has already been defined in more detail above, is divided into two sub-phases. A sub-phase la and a subsequent sub-phase Ib. Phase II follows on from phase Ib. The individual phases or partial phases are separated from one another by vertical dashed lines.
- the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 is plotted on the ordinate.
- the rise in temperature is additionally influenced by the exhaust gas flowing past the oxygen probe 112.
- the temperature TAbg of the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas duct 104 is plotted on the ordinate.
- the end point of the partial phase la is reached when the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 exceeds the threshold value TSel, for example 250 to 300 ° C. In the flowchart in FIG. 2, this is the case when the condition of query 206 is fulfilled for the first time. At this point in time, sub-phase la ends and sub-phases Ib begin.
- the electrical power P with which the heating element 114 is acted on is reduced to a reduced value P2, for example 11 W (see FIG. 3, upper diagram).
- the reduction in the electrical power P has the result that the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 assumes an approximately constant value (see FIG. 3, middle diagram).
- the point in time of the transition from phase Ib to phase II results from the time course of the temperature TAbg.
- the temperature TAbg in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 is approximately constant for a longer period in the partial phases la and Ib and is approximately 50 to 60 ° C., which is approximately the dew point temperature TTau corresponds.
- TAbg remains at this value until the liquid in the exhaust duct 104 in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 and upstream has completely changed to the gaseous state.
- the rise in the temperature TAbg towards the end of the partial phase 1b thus indicates that there is no longer any liquid in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112. For this reason, the time for the transition from partial phase Ib to phase II coincides with an increase in the temperature TAbg above the dew point temperature TTau.
- the system according to the invention works the more reliably the more precisely the times for the transition from sub-phase la to Ib and for the transition from sub-phase Ib to phase II can be determined.
- preferred embodiments are used to explain how these times can be determined.
- the properties of ceramic sensors are often temperature-dependent, so that in these cases the temperature TSe of the sensors is determined from the behavior of the sensors without additional thermocouples can be. This also applies to the oxygen probe 112 described here, the electrical resistance of which decreases sharply as the temperature rises.
- FIG. 4 shows a circuit known per se, with which the electrical resistance of the oxygen probe 112 is used to determine whether the oxygen probe 112 has exceeded a threshold value TSel, i.e. the circuit serves to determine the time of transition from sub-phase la to sub-phase Ib.
- a series circuit comprising a voltage source 400 and a resistor 402 can serve as an equivalent circuit diagram for the oxygen probe 120 (shown in dash-dot lines).
- a resistor 404 e.g. B. 51 kOhm switched.
- the voltage drop across the resistor 404 which is a component of the control device 128 (shown in dash-dot lines), is detected and evaluated, which is indicated by a voltage meter 406.
- the oxygen probe 112 has a resistance 402 of approximately 10 MOhm in the cold state and approximately 50 Ohm in the hot state.
- the voltage drop across the resistor 404 depends on the resistance 402 of the oxygen probe 112 and thus enables conclusions to be drawn about the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112.
- the oxygen probe 112 In addition to the change in resistance, a further effect occurs when the temperature of the oxygen probe 112 increases. As a rule, the oxygen probe 112 already delivers a voltage below the critical temperature TSeK, which depends on the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, for example when the threshold value TSel is exceeded. Thus, as a rule, there is a temperature range in which the oxygen probe 112 is ready for operation without there being any appreciable risk of damage upon contact with liquid.
- phase I it is possible to bring the oxygen probe 112 to operating temperature and thus to enable the air / fuel ratio to be regulated without the risk of damage the oxygen probe 112 must be accepted by contact with liquid, ie the oxygen probe is operated in this case in the temperature range between the threshold value TSel and the critical temperature TSeK.
- the earliest possible start-up of the oxygen probe 112 after starting the engine is urgently desired in terms of the lowest possible pollutant emissions.
- a further increase in the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 in phase II is nevertheless necessary since the oxygen probe 112 has many functional advantages at higher temperatures.
- the time of the transition from partial phase Ib to phase II can also be determined without the temperature sensor 116 using the following method, ie the temperature sensor 116 is not absolutely necessary for the system according to the invention and can also be omitted. Then, using a model that simulates the temperature profile of the exhaust gases, it is determined when the exhaust gases have exceeded the dew point temperature TTau.
- the air mass or air quantity measured by the air mass or air flow meter 106 is fed into the model as an input variable.
- the air mass or air quantity is integrated in the model and the integral is compared with an empirically determined threshold value.
- the threshold value represents the total air mass or air quantity drawn in by the internal combustion engine 100 since the cold start, at which experience has shown that the temperature TAbg exceeds the dew point temperature TTau.
- the threshold value for the integrated air mass or air quantity during the application phase it should be noted for which section of the exhaust gas duct 104 the model is to be used.
- the threshold value for the environment of the oxygen probe 120 is significantly larger than the threshold value for the environment of the oxygen probe 112.
- the difference is essentially caused by the fact that in the case of the oxygen probe 120, the exhaust gases have large amounts of thermal energy for heating withdrawn from the catalyst 118 and thus the evaporation of the condensate 118 accumulating in the catalyst 118 is delayed. Only when the condensate upstream of the oxygen probe 120 has completely evaporated does the temperature TAbg of the exhaust gas in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 120 rise above the dew point temperature TTau.
- the heating element 114 into operation before the internal combustion engine 100 starts.
- the commissioning is triggered by a process that occurs before the start of the internal combustion engine 100, for example opening the vehicle door, switching on the interior lighting, actuating the belt buckle or loading the driver's seat. This allows the time between the start of the internal combustion engine 100 and the operational readiness of the oxygen probe 112 to be shortened.
- B. may be important in connection with a heatable catalyst. The measures described for protecting the oxygen probe 112 can also be used in this variant.
- the temperature TAbg represents the temperature in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 or 120. Depending on the exemplary embodiment, this can be the temperature of the exhaust gases, the wall of the exhaust gas duct 104 or the catalyst 118. If there is the possibility of detecting several of these temperatures, TAbg can also be determined by averaging over at least two of these temperatures. Instead of the coolant temperature, the temperature of the wall of the exhaust gas duct (104) or the temperature of the catalytic converter (118) can also be used to determine whether the internal combustion engine (100) has a cold start. However, the prerequisite for this is that an appropriate temperature sensor is available. If the temperature detected by this sensor is lower than the dew point temperature (TTau) when the internal combustion engine (100) starts, there is a cold start.
- TTau dew point temperature
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/295,903 US5616835A (en) | 1993-01-12 | 1993-12-02 | System for operating a heating element for a ceramic sensor in a motor vehicle |
EP94900746A EP0635148B1 (de) | 1993-01-12 | 1993-12-02 | System zum betreiben eines heizelements für einen keramischen sensor in einem kraftfahrzeug |
DE59309465T DE59309465D1 (de) | 1993-01-12 | 1993-12-02 | System zum betreiben eines heizelements für einen keramischen sensor in einem kraftfahrzeug |
KR1019940703135A KR100261930B1 (ko) | 1993-01-12 | 1993-12-02 | 자동차의 세라믹 센서용 가열 요소 작동 시스템 |
JP51557094A JP3464221B2 (ja) | 1993-01-12 | 1993-12-02 | 自動車のセラミックセンサ用加熱素子の作動装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4300530A DE4300530C2 (de) | 1993-01-12 | 1993-01-12 | System zum Betreiben eines Heizelements für einen keramischen Sensor in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
DEP4300530.6 | 1993-01-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994016371A1 true WO1994016371A1 (de) | 1994-07-21 |
Family
ID=6477994
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1993/001149 WO1994016371A1 (de) | 1993-01-12 | 1993-12-02 | System zum betreiben eines heizelements für einen keramischen sensor in einem kraftfahrzeug |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5616835A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0635148B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3464221B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100261930B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4300530C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1994016371A1 (de) |
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DE102017211024B4 (de) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-06-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aktivierung einer Diagnose eines Partikelfilters einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US10975746B1 (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-04-13 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Varying closed loop gain control to constrain ramp rate of oxygen sensors in exhaust systems |
JP7415903B2 (ja) * | 2020-12-08 | 2024-01-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
DE102021208577A1 (de) * | 2021-08-06 | 2023-02-09 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Abgassensors in einem Abgastrakt einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
CN114967785A (zh) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-08-30 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | 氧传感器加热控制的方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
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- 1993-01-12 DE DE4300530A patent/DE4300530C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-02 JP JP51557094A patent/JP3464221B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-02 US US08/295,903 patent/US5616835A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-02 EP EP94900746A patent/EP0635148B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-02 DE DE59309465T patent/DE59309465D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-02 KR KR1019940703135A patent/KR100261930B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-02 WO PCT/DE1993/001149 patent/WO1994016371A1/de active IP Right Grant
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US4303613A (en) * | 1979-03-15 | 1981-12-01 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Gas sensing apparatus |
EP0068178A1 (de) * | 1981-06-11 | 1983-01-05 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Temperaturregelsystem |
US4715343A (en) * | 1985-09-17 | 1987-12-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for controlling heater for heating air-fuel ratio sensor |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4300530C2 (de) | 2001-02-08 |
KR950700566A (ko) | 1995-01-16 |
EP0635148B1 (de) | 1999-03-17 |
DE59309465D1 (de) | 1999-04-22 |
JP3464221B2 (ja) | 2003-11-05 |
DE4300530A1 (de) | 1994-07-14 |
KR100261930B1 (ko) | 2000-08-01 |
EP0635148A1 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
US5616835A (en) | 1997-04-01 |
JPH07504754A (ja) | 1995-05-25 |
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