WO1990008737A1 - Aluminum hydroxide, process for its production and composition - Google Patents
Aluminum hydroxide, process for its production and composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990008737A1 WO1990008737A1 PCT/JP1989/001123 JP8901123W WO9008737A1 WO 1990008737 A1 WO1990008737 A1 WO 1990008737A1 JP 8901123 W JP8901123 W JP 8901123W WO 9008737 A1 WO9008737 A1 WO 9008737A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum hydroxide
- particle size
- particles
- average particle
- particle diameter
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/021—After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides
- C01F7/023—Grinding, deagglomeration or disintegration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
- C04B14/303—Alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/19—Oil-absorption capacity, e.g. DBP values
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/22—Rheological behaviour as dispersion, e.g. viscosity, sedimentation stability
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
- C01P2006/82—Compositional purity water content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/90—Other properties not specified above
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/54—Substitutes for natural stone, artistic materials or the like
- C04B2111/542—Artificial natural stone
- C04B2111/545—Artificial marble
Definitions
- the present invention relates to aluminum hydroxide suitable for use as a resin filler, a method for producing the same, and a resin composition using the same as a filler.
- the resin composition in particular, it is directed to artificial marble, printed wiring boards, and the like. Background art
- aluminum hydroxide for resin filler applications.
- aluminum hydroxide is applied to an unsaturated polyester resin or an acrylic resin to obtain an onyx-like or marble-like molded product.
- hydroxide ⁇ Le Mi Niumu is, A £ (0H) 3 or A £ 2 0 3 in the chemical formula. 3H 2 0 and write can and children that represent the Mizu ⁇ gas from the crystals at 200 ° C or higher temperature When released as a resin filler, excellent flame retardancy can be obtained because it emits a large amount of heat.
- aluminum hydroxide is an extremely useful flame retardant because it has excellent low smoke emission and arc resistance ⁇ It has low anti-traking properties and low cost. It can be said that
- the unsaturated polyester resin composition using aluminum hydroxide having a large specific surface area as a filler is coated with an oil-soluble curing accelerator such as cobalt naphthenate used as a curing accelerator on the surface of the aluminum hydroxide.
- an oil-soluble curing accelerator such as cobalt naphthenate used as a curing accelerator
- pulverized aluminum hydroxide is replaced with stearic acid and its metal salt-silane coupling.
- surface treatment with a surface treatment agent such as an agent is effective to some extent, it has the disadvantage of increasing costs.
- 59-501711 discloses a method for precipitating fine aluminum hydroxide using pulverized aluminum hydroxide as a precipitation-inducing material. Water obtained by this method is disclosed. It has been found that aluminum oxide also has a very large oil absorption. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems.-
- the primary particle size of the aluminum hydroxide hydroxide which is a raw material for milling, has a very large effect on the specific surface area of the milled material and the resin filling viscosity.
- the inventors have found that the present invention is given, and based on this, have completed the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a hydroxide of aluminum having a low specific surface area and a low resin filling viscosity;
- a method for producing aluminum hydroxide for resin fillers which is produced by grinding aluminum oxide, which is a secondary agglomerate, having a primary particle diameter approximately equal to the average particle diameter, and pulverizing it. The specific surface area thus obtained and the resin composition filled with aluminum hydroxide having a low resin filling viscosity.
- Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the mold used in the pressure crushing method for measuring the average primary particle diameter.
- FIGS 2 to 10 show electron micrographs showing the particle structure of aluminum hydroxide
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the surface roughness coefficient depending on the primary particle diameter and the average particle diameter.
- Fig. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the paste viscosity and the average particle size depending on the primary particle size
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are schematic diagrams of a horizontal type decanter continuous discharge type. Preferred modes for carrying out the invention
- the average particle size is in the range of 2 to 30
- Oil absorption of flax oil according to JISK 5101 is 30 cc Z 100 g or less
- An aluminum hydroxide for a resin filler is provided.
- the average particle size of the aluminum hydroxide of the present invention is in the range of 2 to 30.
- the average particle size is measured by a sedimentation method.
- the sedimentation method is a method in which particles are dispersed and settled in an appropriate medium, and the particle diameter is measured from the relationship between the particle size and the sedimentation velocity.
- the hydroxylated aluminum of the present invention is mainly, but not exclusively, intended for applications corresponding to the following two or three class particle sizes.
- the main use of aluminum hydroxide with an average particle size of 4 to 30 is artificial marble, but the smaller the average particle size, the more the transparency tends to be lost. Those with onyx tone and those with average particle size of 4 to 8 are suitable for marble artificial marble, respectively.
- aluminum hydroxide having an average particle size of 2 to 8 is mainly used for printed wiring boards. If the average particle size is larger than 30, the resin filling viscosity increases and the resin filling viscosity increases. Since the spinnability of the paste deteriorates, the flow pattern tends to break in the middle when manufacturing the flowable artificial marble by the casting method, and the strength and surface smoothness of the molded body deteriorate. In addition, it becomes difficult to prevent separation of resin and filler during press molding of BMC and SMC. On the other hand, when the average particle size is smaller than 4 liters, the transparency of the filled resin decreases, and it is not suitable for artificial marble.
- the average particle size of aluminum hydroxide as a filler for a printed wiring board is in the range of 2 to 8%. preferable. If the average particle diameter is smaller than 2 particles, the oil absorption is large, and high filling of the resin cannot be achieved. Further, disadvantages such as an increase in the specific surface area and an increase in the amount of adsorbed moisture are caused. If the average particle size is more than 8 particles, sedimentation problems will occur. In terms of sedimentation, the average particle diameter is more preferably 4 or less.
- Resin off I Ra for the aluminum hydroxide two ⁇ beam of the present invention is characterized in that the surface roughness coefficient S R / S c is 2.5 Not ⁇ , more rather preferably less than 2.
- the surface roughness coefficient is determined by the nitrogen adsorption method.
- the particle size is measured by the sedimentation method as described above. Assuming particles having a particle size distribution obtained by the sedimentation method as are all spheres form, to calculate the specific surface area S c of the particles in consideration of the particle size distribution.
- the approximate specific surface area of the sphere can be determined by 6 Z (P ⁇ d) (where P is 2.42, where d is the particle diameter).
- P is 2.42, where d is the particle diameter.
- particle size distribution (Cumulative particle size distribution) (Particle size distribution (Sphere approximation it (Section ratio Area difference) Surface area) Surface area)
- the surface roughness coefficient S R / S c could not be reduced to less than 2.5 within the particle size range of 2 to 30 lords.
- the surface roughness coefficient S R / S c could not be reduced to less than 2.5 within the particle size range of 2 to 30 lords.
- the aluminum hydroxide according to the present invention has an oil absorption of less than 30 cc Z 100 g, preferably less than 25 cc / 100 g, more preferably less than 20 cc / 100 g according to JISK 5010. .
- the amount of oil absorption refers to the amount of oil that is added to a specified amount of sample one by one while adding linseed oil and then performing a cross-linking operation until the oil is finally united without stickiness. In short, it is the amount of linseed oil that can be injected into a column filled with aluminum hydroxide, and is a measure of the amount of aluminum hydroxide that can be filled into a resin.
- the oil absorption exceeds 30 cc Z 100 g, the amount of aluminum hydroxide that can be filled in the resin decreases, and the desired color, volume, strength, flame retardancy, etc. of the resin composition cannot be obtained. .
- the aluminum hydroxide of the present invention preferably has a resin filling viscosity of not more than 1000 voices at 35'C, more preferably not more than 800 voices, especially for artificial marble applications.
- the resin filling density was 35% by a Brookfield viscometer for a formulation in which 200 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide was added to 100 parts by weight of an unsaturated polyester resin having a viscosity of 10 poise at 20 ° C. This is the viscosity measured at the end.
- the ratio of the particles of aluminum hydroxide having a particle diameter of 75% or more be 1% or less, and if it exceeds this, the spinnability of the resin paste deteriorates.
- the flow pattern is easily cut off in the middle. Also, the surface smoothness of the molded body is deteriorated.
- the aluminum hydroxide of the present invention must have a whiteness of 95 or more for artificial marble.
- the whiteness is measured by a photoelectric whiteness meter, and is a relative value when the whiteness of magnesium oxide is set to 100. If the whiteness is less than this, the resulting molded article is colored light yellow or light brown, and it is not possible to obtain a molded article having a good color tone suitable for artificial marble.
- the present invention provides a method for producing aluminum hydroxide as described above, which comprises, as described above, secondary agglomeration having primary particles ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ substantially equal to the average particle diameter of the target ground aluminum hydroxide.
- a method of using the precipitated aluminum hydroxide as a pulverizing raw material and pulverizing it is provided.
- secondary aggregated particles of aluminum hydroxide having an average particle diameter of 30 or less, preferably 20 w «or less, composed of primary particles having an average diameter of 1 to 4 Disintegrate until particle size is 2-8
- the particle size of the secondary aggregated particles is measured by a sedimentation method.
- the average primary particle diameter is set to 1 to 4%. If the average particle diameter is outside this range, the oil absorption when crushed to an average particle diameter of 2 to 8 is 30 cc and 100 g. Because it exceeds.
- the reason why the average diameter of the secondary aggregated particles is set to 30 or less is that if the average particle diameter exceeds 30, the crushability of the secondary aggregated particles is extremely deteriorated, and the average particle diameter of the crushed material exceeds 8 However, the problem of sedimentation arises.
- the reason why the average particle size of the primary particles is 4 to 8 lords is that, outside this range, the surface roughness coefficient when crushed to an average particle size of 4 to 8 lords exceeds 2.5
- the resin filling viscosity exceeds 1000 voices.
- the reason why the average diameter of the secondary aggregated particles is set to 20 to 50 wn is that if the particle size distribution is less than 20 ⁇ , the particle size distribution of the crushed product becomes too narrow, and the resin filling viscosity exceeds 1000 voids. This is because the coarse particles residue of the crushed material increases, and the spinnability of the compound and the surface smoothness of the molded product deteriorate.
- the average primary particle diameter was set to 8 to 20 (2 Qim is not used). If the average particle diameter is out of this range, the surface roughness when crushed to an average particle diameter of 8 to 3.0 Coefficient exceeds 2, 5 and resin This is because the filling viscosity exceeds 1000 voices.
- the reason for setting the average diameter of the secondary aggregated particles to 30 to 70 is that if it is less than 30, the particle size distribution of the crushed material becomes too narrow, and the resin filling viscosity exceeds 1000 poise, and exceeds 70. This is because the coarse residue of the crushed material increases, and the spinnability of the compound and the surface smoothness of the molded body deteriorate.
- the measurement of the primary particles of aluminum hydroxide may be performed by observation with an electron microscope, but it has been confirmed that extremely good agreement can be obtained by the following simple method.
- a mold (cylindrical crucible, diameter 30 L / L, depth 50 mm) as shown in Fig. 1 was equipped with 15 g of aluminum hydroxide that had been left for 1 hour under an atmosphere of 23% ⁇ 65%. And pressurize with a hydraulic press at 0.75 t for 30 seconds.
- the aluminum hydroxide is taken out of the mold, put into a resin film bag, and the compacted mass obtained by loosening the compact by finger pressure is used to determine the average particle size (brane diameter) by the air permeation method. Measure.
- the measurement of the particle size of the secondary aggregated particles is based on the sedimentation method.
- Secondary aggregated particles of aluminum hydroxide having an average particle diameter of 30 or less comprising primary particles having an average diameter of 1 to 4 in the first to third methods, and primary particles having an average diameter of 4 to 8 Secondary agglomerates of aluminum hydroxide having an average particle size of 20 to 50, and primary hydroxide particles having an average particle size of 8 to 20 (excluding 20) having an average particle size of 30 to 70.
- Each of the secondary aggregated particles of sodium is prepared by introducing an aluminum salt into a sodium aluminate solution obtained by a Bayer method described in, for example, US Pat. No. 2,549,549.
- Alumina gel is obtained, then a part of this gel is converted into crystalline aluminum hydroxide, and the mixture thus obtained is introduced into sodium aluminate to be decomposed and stirring is continued. It can be obtained by a method of inducing the deposition of extremely fine aluminum hydroxide. If the primary particle diameter of the obtained aluminum hydroxide is too small, By using aluminum as a seed crystal and further decomposing the sodium aluminate supersaturated solution, a secondary aggregated aluminum hydroxide having a desired primary particle diameter can be produced.
- Such a method for producing aluminum hydroxide has not been conventionally performed.
- the conventional method for manufacturing aluminum hydroxide is, for example, to pass the face of the final stage of the extraction tank out of the aluminum hydroxide precipitated from the multistage extraction tank through a separator such as a thickener.
- the coarse particles are separated as a product, and the fine particles are returned to the first stage as seeds. This is the force of the so-called seed circulation system.
- the primary particles of aluminum hydroxide are produced. It is not possible to control the diameter, and the resulting secondary agglomerates contain primary particles with a wide distribution.
- the sodium aluminate supersaturated solution is added while the primary particle size is sequentially measured, and when the desired primary particle size is reached. Since the addition of the sodium aluminate solution may be completed, it is possible to accurately produce aluminum hydroxide having an arbitrary primary particle size. In other words, this means that the primary particle size can be controlled.
- the secondary aggregated particles of aluminum hydroxide hydroxide obtained by the method of the present invention have a very narrow range of particle diameters. It is composed of secondary particles and does not contain coarse primary particles that degrade crushability.
- Fig. 2 shows a precipitate of aluminum hydroxide with an average particle diameter of 70 and primary particle average diameter of 25
- Fig. 3 shows a mill with a forced stirring method using 5 fine aluminum balls and an average particle diameter of 9 5 is an electron micrograph of aluminum hydroxide pulverized to a size.
- Fig. 5 shows the average particle diameter of 30 aluminum particles and the primary particle average diameter of 7 aluminum hydroxide
- Fig. 6 shows the average particle diameter of the milled aluminum powder using forced milling method using five alumina balls. 6 is an electron micrograph of aluminum hydroxide ground to 6 lords. As can be seen from the photograph, when aluminum hydroxide having an average primary particle diameter of 25 is ground to an average particle diameter of 9 mm, primary particles are naturally destroyed.
- the viscosity when highly filled with resin is increased.
- the primary particles must be ruptured, so that the pulverization time is prolonged, the surface of the particles is roughened, and a large amount of chipping particles are generated, so that the specific surface area is increased.
- grinding aluminum hydroxide having an average primary particle diameter of 7 wn to an average particle diameter of 6 is the so-called crushing of secondary agglomerated particles and destruction of primary particles.
- the particle shape of the crushed material maintains the rounded particle shape of primary aluminum hydroxide particles, so that the viscosity when highly filled with resin is low.
- the grinding time is short, Small surface area.
- FIG. 2 shows an electron micrograph of aluminum hydroxide with an average particle diameter of 70 particles and an average primary particle diameter of 25 particles.
- FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of aluminum hydroxide ground to a mean particle size of 15 with a forced stirring mill. No. The figure shows a pulverized aluminum hydroxide with an average particle diameter of 42 particles and a primary particle diameter of 15 particles, and Fig. 8 crushes this with a 5 mm alumina ball mill with a forced stirring method to an average particle diameter of 15 particles.
- 5 is an electron micrograph of the obtained aluminum hydroxide.
- Figure 2 shows the average particle diameter of 70; TM and the primary particle average diameter of 25%.
- the aluminum hydride is cleaved violently when it breaks down to an average particle diameter of 15% and 9%. Therefore, even if the average particle size is reduced to 3%, the particle shape does not improve.
- Fig. 9 shows a continuous eccentric separator (Sharpless ⁇ Super Decanter P-660) using aluminum hydroxide with an average particle diameter of 6 wn and primary particle average diameter of 3 mm. This is an electron micrograph of aluminum hydroxide that was separated and crushed while applying a centrifugal force of 3000 G and crushed to an average particle diameter of 3%.
- FIG. 11 shows that the average diameter of the primary particles of aluminum hydroxide is 3 lords, 7 m, 15 lords (the present invention) and 25 wn (conventional example), respectively.
- the secondary agglomeration is still broken, so the increase in surface roughness coefficient is not large, but the pulverization (cleavage, cracking) of primary particles gradually becomes prominent and thereafter, the surface roughness coefficient It can be seen that the increase in the number becomes extremely marked. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain particles having a small average particle diameter and a small surface roughness coefficient by grinding from secondary aggregated particles having a large primary particle diameter.
- FIG. 12 shows the aluminum hydroxide when the average diameter of the primary particles of aluminum hydroxide is 3, 7, 15 (above, the present invention) and 25 lord (conventional example), respectively.
- the resin filling viscosity decreases as the average particle diameter decreases, and conversely the viscosity increases when the particle diameter becomes smaller than the primary particle diameter.
- secondary agglomerated particles still remain and the viscosity is high due to the large amount of resin absorption.However, near the primary particle size, almost no secondary agglomerated particles remain at the primary particle size. The viscosity is lowest. As the pulverization proceeds further, the primary particles are destroyed and the particles become plate-shaped, increasing the viscosity.
- the method of crushing the secondary aggregated particles of aluminum hydroxide is not particularly limited, but various crushing methods such as a ball mill and a decanter are employed.
- the diameter of the ball which is the grinding medium, is preferably in the range of 3 to 20 mm. If it is less than 3 cm, the particle size distribution of the pulverized aluminum hydroxide becomes too narrow, and the resin filling viscosity becomes high. If it exceeds 20 m ⁇ , the cleavage and chipping of the primary particles increases or advances, so the pulverized aluminum hydroxide It is not preferable because the specific surface area of the rubber becomes large.
- the crushing of the first method is performed.
- the slurry is transferred from a rotary drum to a slurry conveyor.
- a centrifugal force of 1000 G or more is applied to the aluminum hydroxide using a continuous centrifugal separator that sends solids. This can be preferably performed by separating and aggregating the secondary aggregated particles into primary particles by the compressive shear stress between the screw pair and the drum wall when the solid content is concentrated and separated.
- the centrifugal force applied to the slurry containing the aluminum hydroxide by the continuous centrifugal separator is 1, more than 1000 times the gravity (1000 G).
- the continuous centrifugal separation device refers to a device that continuously concentrates and separates slurry by centrifugal force, and refers to a device that has a function of separating the solid content of the slurry while centrifugal force is applied.
- a typical example of this device is the “Chemical Engineering Handbook”, revised 4th edition (Chemical Engineering Association)
- the horizontal type decanter continuous discharge type described on page 1119 can be mentioned. That is, referring to FIGS. 13A and 13B, sedimented solids 14 are formed by combining a rotating cylindrical body 11 or a conical body 12 and a spiral conveyor 13 rotating with a slight difference. This is a type that is separated from the clarified liquid 15 and continuously discharged.
- the device in the present invention may be of the same type and of a vertical (vertical) type.
- the mechanism by which the secondary agglomerated particles of glacial aluminum oxide are effectively disintegrated by the continuous centrifugal separator is considered as follows.
- Slurry 16 containing secondary aggregates of aluminum hydroxide is continuous When guided to the centrifugal separator, the solid content is strongly pressed against the rotating cylinder 11 or the cone 12 of the centrifuge due to the large centrifugal effect, and the secondary aggregates come into strong contact with each other. . Under these conditions, when the solid content is forcibly discharged by the helical conveyor 13 which rotates with a slight difference from the rotating cylinder 11 or the conical body 12, secondary aggregation of aluminum hydroxide It is thought that the particles move while strongly contacting each other, and as a result, the crushing of each other causes the crushing effect of the secondary aggregated particles.
- the crushing by this continuous centrifugal separator uses a conventional crushing method using the impact force due to the collision between media, or a crushing effect between a cylinder and a roller such as a Raymond roller-mill. Is different from any of the milling methods using collisions between particles, such as a jet mill, in that the primary crystals of aluminum hydroxide are hardly crushed during crushing.
- a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin in which the refractive index of the cured product is in the range of 1.47 to 1.67, the same was obtained as described above.
- An artificial marble composition filled with 100 to 400 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide is provided.
- thermosetting resins suitable for artificial marble include unsaturated resins. Polyester resin, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, methyl methacrylate / styrene copolymer, polyethylene phthalate-, Epoxy resin and the like.
- thermoplastic resins are polymethylmethacrylate and polycarbonate! , Polyethylene, Polypropylene pyrene, Polyamide, Polyvinyl chloride, etc.
- the filling amount of aluminum hydroxide is 100 to 400 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin. If the amount is less than 100 parts by weight, the texture of the molded product is insufficient, and the curing shrinkage becomes large. At 400 parts by weight or more, the resin filling viscosity is so high that casting work cannot be performed, and the whiteness measured by a photoelectric whiteness meter of aluminum hydroxide must be 95 or more. If the whiteness is less than this, the obtained molded product is colored pale yellow or light brown, and it is not possible to obtain a product having a good color tone suitable for artificial marble.
- the aluminum hydroxide having the above-described characteristics of the present invention is an excellent artificial marble filler itself.
- the average particle diameter of the aluminum hydroxide A of the present invention is more preferable.
- a mixture of coarse aluminum hydroxide B having a ratio of 40 to 100 and a whiteness of 90 or more in a weight ratio of A: B of 1: 9 to 9: 1 can be used. This is because the particle size distribution of aluminum hydroxide A alone tends to be narrow, and the mixture of coarse aluminum hydroxide B broadens the particle size distribution. ⁇ This is because the work such as casting becomes easier.
- mixed use with coarse-grain aluminum hydroxide B Use is an aspect more preferable as an artificial marble composition because it gives a molded article a deep transparent feeling and an appropriate hiding power.
- the aluminum hydroxide obtained by the present invention is excellent in that it achieves both low specific surface area and low oil absorption, which were not possible with the conventional fine aluminum hydroxide. Value is recognized.
- the aluminum hydroxide obtained by the present invention are quality-designed especially as artificial marble fillers. Demonstrates its excellent properties when used in applications.
- the aluminum hydroxide of the present invention is filled with unsaturated polyester resin, and the aluminum hydroxide of the present invention is used in the manufacture of kitchen counter tops and the like by the casting method. If it is used as a disperser, it has good dispersibility in resin, so stirring and kneading can be done in a short time. Also, even if the filler is highly filled to reduce the resin content for the purpose of cost down, the viscosity is low, so that the casting operation is easy.
- the curing time of the unsaturated polyester resin is much shorter than when the conventional fine-grained aluminum hydroxide is filled, so that the productivity is excellent.
- the cured product since the cured product has a low yellow tint, beautiful color products can be obtained with or without the addition of pigment.
- Aluminum hydroxide with an average particle size of 8 to 30 is excellent in spinnability, so that a beautiful flowing marble can be obtained.
- the aluminum hydroxide of the present invention when manufacturing a vanity table or a bathtub by a BMC or SMC press molding method, if the aluminum hydroxide of the present invention is used as a filler, high filling is possible. Time Excellent flow characteristics. Furthermore, the obtained molded article has excellent surface smoothness, so that it has a high-class feeling, and in addition, has excellent resistance to staining.
- prepredder A 780 gm prepredder
- prepredder B 400 g ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ prepreg
- Yoshiyoshi ⁇ The warpage of the substrate is not a problem.
- Arumine preparative liquid neutralized aqueous solution of equivalents of aluminum sulfate was added to the gel-like hydrated alumina solution (A £ 2 0 3 concentration calculated: 170 g Bruno) was obtained. This was the seed solution, seed ratio (A £ 2 0 3 amount X 100 of A £ 2 0 3 amount Noarumine preparative liquid seed solution) is added to a 1% Arumine preparative liquid, to 60'C Stirring was continued throughout the day while keeping the temperature warm.
- the aluminum hydroxide obtained by filtering out a small amount of the chief matter, washing with water and drying was found to have an average particle size of 2.7 and an average primary particle size of 1.5.
- the resulting slurry is subjected to solid-liquid separation by a continuous centrifugal separator (Sharpless-Super Decanter P-660; hereinafter the same) while applying a centrifugal force of 2500 G, and the separated cake is washed with water. ⁇ Filtration and drying.
- Example 1 The slurry obtained in Example 1 was further added with a seed rate of 10%. 99
- the aluminum hydroxide obtained by filtering a small amount of the precipitate, washing with water and drying was found to have an average particle diameter of 5.4, and an average primary particle diameter of 2.6.
- the obtained slurry was subjected to solid-liquid separation while applying a centrifugal force of 3000 G by a continuous centrifugal separator, and the separated cake was subjected to water washing, filtration, and drying steps.
- Aluminum hydroxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, but the centrifugal force applied to the slurry was 1500 G.
- Example 2 An aluminate solution was further added to the slurry obtained in Example 1 so that the seed ratio became 5%, and the mixture was stirred for 24 hours while keeping the temperature at 60%.
- the average particle size of the aluminum hydroxide obtained by filtering a small amount of the precipitate, filtering and then drying and drying was 7.9 lords, and the average primary particle size was 3.3 lords.
- the resulting slurry was subjected to solid-liquid separation while applying a centrifugal force of 3000 G by a continuous centrifugal separator, and the separated cake was washed with water, filtered, and dried.
- Example 2 An aluminate solution was added to the slurry obtained in Example 1 so that the seed ratio became 2%, and while keeping the temperature at 60'C, Stirring was continued overnight.
- the aluminum hydroxide obtained by filtering a small amount of the precipitate, washing with water and drying was found to have an average particle diameter of 11.7 and an average primary particle diameter of 3.7.
- the obtained slurry was subjected to solid-liquid separation while applying a centrifugal force of 3000 G by a continuous centrifugal separator, and the separated cake was subjected to water washing, filtration, and drying steps.
- Arumine preparative liquid neutralized aqueous solution of equivalents of aluminum sulfate was added to the gel-like hydrated alumina solution (A £ 2 0 3 concentration calculated: 170 g Bruno) was obtained. This was the seed solution, added as seed rate of 2% in Arumine preparative liquid, while kept at 60 e C, stirring was continued overnight.
- the average particle size of the aluminum hydroxide obtained by filtering a small amount of the precipitate, filtering, washing with water and drying was 1.7, and the average primary particle size was 0.8.
- the obtained slurry was subjected to solid-liquid separation while applying a centrifugal force of 2800 G by a continuous centrifugal separator, and the separated cake was washed with water, filtered, and dried.
- An aluminate solution was added to the slurry obtained in Example 2 so that the seed ratio became 30%, and stirring was continued for 24 hours while keeping the temperature at 60 ° C.
- An aluminum hydroxide obtained by filtering a small amount of the precipitate, washing with water and drying was found to have an average particle diameter of 20.2 and an average primary particle diameter of 5.2.
- the obtained slurry was subjected to solid-liquid separation while applying a centrifugal force of 3000 G by a continuous centrifugal separator, and the separated cake was subjected to water washing, filtration and drying steps.
- Aluminum hydroxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, but the centrifugal force applied to the slurry was 500 G.
- Example 2 The slurry obtained in Example 2 was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a laboratory centrifugal separator, the liquid was discarded, and the solid was washed and dried. It is shown in Table B.
- Example 4 The slurry obtained in Example 4 was filtered through a usual filter, and then washed and dried.
- Table 2 shows the characteristic values of the pulverized powder obtained by pulverizing the obtained dried powder with an a lighter (Mitsui Miike Kakoki) for 20 minutes. Comparative Example 5
- Table 2A shows the viscosity distribution of commercially available fine-grained aluminum hydroxide (Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd. BW-703)
- Table 2B shows the characteristic values, Table 2A Viscosity distribution, etc.
- Aluminum hydroxide 200 parts Stirring is performed with the above mixture, and the time required for complete paste formation is taken as the dispersion time, and the viscosity at that time (using a BS type viscometer at 35'C) is taken as the resin filling viscosity. .
- the resin filling viscosity is preferably not more than 1000 voices, and the dispersion time is preferably not more than 10 minutes.
- MEKP0 Metal ⁇ ethyl 'Ketone 1 part box name Trade name Neck Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.
- the composition is stirred and kneaded, and the viscosity of the composition is continuously measured in a thermostat at 25 ° C.
- the time until the viscosity starts to increase due to the curing of the resin is defined as a gel time.
- the gel time is preferably 60 minutes or less.
- defoaming and kneading are performed using the above formulation, cast into a 3 m 0 ⁇ 15 thickness mold, cured overnight at room temperature (25 ° C), and then heat-cured for 50 or 3 hours.
- the color tone was measured with a Suga Test Machine Co., Ltd. Manufactured by LAN Tester-SM-4-CH, and represented by Hunter chromaticity coordinates Lab. This is defined as the color tone of the molded body.
- Hunter chromaticity coordinates are displayed as (L, a, b), axis L represents lightness, a and b are perceived chromaticity indices, ⁇ and ⁇ , respectively, red and green, yellow and blue, respectively.
- b representing yellow is important, and is preferably 10 or less.
- the surface smoothness of the molded product is the result of observing the surface properties of the cured product with the naked eye.
- X indicates no surface gloss
- ⁇ indicates poor surface gloss
- ⁇ indicates good surface gloss.
- (6) Spinnability
- MEKP0 Metal 'ethyl' ketone 1 part peroxyde brand name Permek N Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.
- the resin slurry was scooped with a spatula, and the degree of pulling when the resin slurry was hung was called spinnability, and was judged as follows.
- the fine-grained aluminum hydroxide according to the present invention has a small specific surface area as compared with the conventional one, so that it has good dispersibility in the resin, and the gel when filled in the unsaturated polyester resin. It has the effect of suppressing the time delay and the color tone of the molded product is less likely to take on a yellow tint. Furthermore, since the viscosity when filled with resin is low, high filling is possible. It has excellent spinnability due to the small amount of flow, and it can be seen that the flow pattern is not cut off in the course of manufacturing artificial marble by the casting method. Industrial applicability
- the aluminum hydroxide provided by the present invention is extremely useful particularly for producing artificial marble and printed wiring boards.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP89911865A EP0407595B1 (en) | 1989-01-26 | 1989-10-31 | Aluminum hydroxide, process for its production and composition |
KR1019900701210A KR0159504B1 (ko) | 1989-01-26 | 1989-10-31 | 수산화 알루미늄의 제조방법 |
DE68923171T DE68923171D1 (de) | 1989-01-26 | 1989-10-31 | Aluminiumhydroxyd, verfahren zur herstellung und zusammensetzung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1/19244 | 1989-01-26 | ||
JP1019244A JPH02199020A (ja) | 1989-01-26 | 1989-01-26 | 樹脂フィラー用水酸化アルミニウムとその製造法 |
JP1/187080 | 1989-07-19 | ||
JP1187080A JPH0649573B2 (ja) | 1989-07-19 | 1989-07-19 | 人造大理石用水酸化アルミニウムとその製造方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1990008737A1 true WO1990008737A1 (en) | 1990-08-09 |
Family
ID=26356077
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1989/001123 WO1990008737A1 (en) | 1989-01-26 | 1989-10-31 | Aluminum hydroxide, process for its production and composition |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5130113A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0407595B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR0159504B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU629254B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2004673C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE68923171D1 (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ231482A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1990008737A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4034515A1 (de) * | 1989-11-02 | 1991-07-18 | Dart Ind Inc | Kunststeinkompositionen, herstellungsverfahren derselben und bei der herstellung verwendetes geraet |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4024044C2 (de) * | 1990-07-28 | 1998-09-10 | Nabaltec Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Füllstoffs, Verwendung des Füllstoffs für die Flammfestmachung und flammgeschützter Kunststoff |
DE4231874A1 (de) * | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-24 | Martinswerk Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aluminiumhydroxids Al(OH)¶3¶ mit abgerundeter Kornoberfläche |
KR0185028B1 (ko) * | 1995-06-21 | 1999-05-15 | 아이다 겐지 | (메트)아크릴계 성형재료 및 그의 제조방법 |
US6786964B2 (en) * | 2000-07-17 | 2004-09-07 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Fine particle of aluminum hydroxide for filling resin and resin composition using the same |
KR100894590B1 (ko) * | 2001-06-21 | 2009-04-24 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 수산화 알루미늄 및 이의 제조방법 |
US7101529B2 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2006-09-05 | Showa Denko K.K. | Aluminum hydroxide and production process thereof |
AU2007203595B2 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2009-04-23 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aluminum hydroxide aggregated particles, process for producing the same, vessel used therefor, and process for producing aluminum hydroxide powder |
AU2002301811B2 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2007-08-23 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aluminum hydroxide aggregated particles, process for producing the same, vessel used therefor, and process for producing aluminum hydroxide powder |
DE10248174C1 (de) * | 2002-10-16 | 2003-11-13 | Nabaltec Gmbh | Flammgeschützte Polymerzusammensetzung und deren Verwendung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Flammschutzmittels |
JP4172765B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-05 | 2008-10-29 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 水酸化アルミニウム及びその製造方法 |
EP1567450B1 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2008-08-20 | Showa Denko K.K. | Aluminum hydroxide and method for production thereof |
PL2032506T3 (pl) * | 2006-06-21 | 2017-03-31 | Martinswerk Gmbh | Wodorotlenek glinu |
US10676587B2 (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2020-06-09 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Heat conductive sheet |
EP3576141A4 (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2020-10-14 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | THERMO-CONDUCTIVE SHEET |
KR102421780B1 (ko) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-07-14 | 롯데케미칼 주식회사 | 인조 대리석 |
CN114436302B (zh) * | 2022-01-10 | 2024-08-27 | 中铝山东新材料有限公司 | 一种微粒氢氧化铝及其制备方法、生产系统和应用 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1068233B (de) * | 1959-11-05 | Badischie Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen/Rhein | Verfahren zur Gewinnung pepti'sieflbarer Aluminiumhydroxyde aus Bayerit | |
US3874889A (en) * | 1973-06-13 | 1975-04-01 | Aluminum Co Of America | Fire retardant composition |
IE47608B1 (en) * | 1977-12-22 | 1984-05-02 | Ici Ltd | Antiviral tetracyclononane derivatives,processes for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
DE2852273C3 (de) * | 1978-12-02 | 1986-07-31 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke AG, 1000 Berlin und 5300 Bonn | Schwerentflammbare, Aluminiumtrihydroxid enthaltende Harzmasse auf der Basis polymerer Stoffe |
JPS58189215A (ja) * | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-04 | Toto Ltd | 透明感を有する人造大理石 |
JPS5958017A (ja) * | 1982-09-28 | 1984-04-03 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 人造大理石の製造方法 |
FR2534899A1 (fr) * | 1982-10-20 | 1984-04-27 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede d'obtention de trihydroxyde d'a luminium de diametre median inferieur a 4 microns regle a la demande |
DE3308023A1 (de) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-09-13 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke AG, 1000 Berlin und 5300 Bonn | Fuellstoff auf basis von aluminiumhydroxid und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JPS62246961A (ja) * | 1986-02-21 | 1987-10-28 | Showa Denko Kk | 耐熱性樹脂組成物 |
US4755374A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-07-05 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum hydroxide production |
DE3865695D1 (de) * | 1987-02-12 | 1991-11-28 | Showa Denko Kk | Ungesaettigtes polyesterharz mit geringer verfaerbung und hervorragender transparenz. |
ATE86273T1 (de) * | 1987-03-02 | 1993-03-15 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co | Flammhemmende olefinharzmischung. |
JPH01275422A (ja) * | 1987-12-21 | 1989-11-06 | Showa Denko Kk | 人造大理石用水酸化アルミニウムとその製造方法 |
-
1989
- 1989-10-31 WO PCT/JP1989/001123 patent/WO1990008737A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1989-10-31 US US07/566,474 patent/US5130113A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-31 KR KR1019900701210A patent/KR0159504B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-31 DE DE68923171T patent/DE68923171D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-31 EP EP89911865A patent/EP0407595B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-31 AU AU44823/89A patent/AU629254B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-11-22 NZ NZ231482A patent/NZ231482A/xx unknown
- 1989-12-05 CA CA002004673A patent/CA2004673C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4034515A1 (de) * | 1989-11-02 | 1991-07-18 | Dart Ind Inc | Kunststeinkompositionen, herstellungsverfahren derselben und bei der herstellung verwendetes geraet |
DE4034515C2 (de) * | 1989-11-02 | 1998-12-10 | Premark Rwp Holdings Inc | Hitzehärtbare Formmasse zur Herstellung künstlicher Steine und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU629254B2 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
NZ231482A (en) | 1991-02-26 |
KR910700304A (ko) | 1991-03-14 |
EP0407595A4 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
EP0407595A1 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
DE68923171D1 (de) | 1995-07-27 |
CA2004673A1 (en) | 1990-07-26 |
AU4482389A (en) | 1990-08-24 |
CA2004673C (en) | 1998-09-22 |
EP0407595B1 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
KR0159504B1 (ko) | 1999-01-15 |
US5130113A (en) | 1992-07-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO1990008737A1 (en) | Aluminum hydroxide, process for its production and composition | |
US6348536B1 (en) | Lamellar filler process for the treatment of polymers | |
CN101970356B (zh) | 氢氧化铝混合粉体 | |
CA1315908C (en) | Unsaturated polyester resin composition having less coloration and excellent transparency | |
DE69709629T2 (de) | Acrylharzzusammensetzung, acrylhaltigevormischungen, verfahren zur herstellung von acrylhaltigen künstlichen marmer und verdichter | |
US20230227320A1 (en) | Talc particulate | |
JPH01275422A (ja) | 人造大理石用水酸化アルミニウムとその製造方法 | |
JP2007106620A (ja) | 流動性ハイドロタルサイト粉体及びその製造方法 | |
US6786964B2 (en) | Fine particle of aluminum hydroxide for filling resin and resin composition using the same | |
KR100718090B1 (ko) | 수산화 알루미늄 및 그 제조방법 | |
US5521231A (en) | Process for producing thermoplastic copolymer powder | |
JPH0649573B2 (ja) | 人造大理石用水酸化アルミニウムとその製造方法 | |
JP2888632B2 (ja) | 着色人工花崗岩および製法 | |
JP2004182555A (ja) | 水酸化アルミニウム及びその製造方法 | |
JPH0527580B2 (ja) | ||
US20090011237A1 (en) | Superfine powders and their methods of manufacture | |
JP2001087639A (ja) | 無機分散剤、懸濁重合用安定剤、重合体粒子、及び不飽和ポリエステル樹脂組成物 | |
WO2008148117A1 (en) | Methods of increasing bulk density of minerals | |
CN115260712B (zh) | 一种pet哑光片材及其制备方法 | |
JPH054336B2 (ja) | ||
JP2001089505A (ja) | 無機分散剤、懸濁重合用安定剤、重合体粒子、及び不飽和ポリエステル樹脂組成物 | |
JP3430450B2 (ja) | 硬化性樹脂組成物及びその成形体 | |
JPS62149332A (ja) | 粒子スラリの調整方法 | |
JP2001322813A (ja) | 水酸化アルミニウム粉末の製造方法 | |
JP4060160B2 (ja) | メタクリル系人工大理石の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1989911865 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1019900701210 Country of ref document: KR |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU KR US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1989911865 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1989911865 Country of ref document: EP |