Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D263/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms

Definitions

• the present invention relates to processes for the preparation of heterocyclic compounds useful as excellent agricultural chemicals, drugs, functional materials or intermediates for producing them.
• a method of using an aldehyde and p-tolylsulfonylmethylisocyanide (hereinafter abbreviated as TosMIC) is generally known as a particularly useful process among those for synthesizing 5-substituted oxazole compounds.
• the process involves reacting an aldehyde with TosMIC in methanol in the presence of potassium carbonate.
• another known method involves the reaction in dimethoxyethane and methanol in the presence of an ion exchange resin (Ambersep 9000H-) (Tetrahedron Letters, 1972, 2369; Lect Heterocycl. Chem., 1980, (5), SI 11-122; Tetrahedron Letters, 1999, 5637-5638, and others).
• TosMIC is handled as crystals. Because of this, complicated isolation procedures including concentration, crystallization, separation of solvents, and drying are required, depending on the conditions, when the compound is produced industrially. Besides, a decrease in TosMIC production yield is unavoidable due to loss of product in filtrates. Furthermore, TosMIC is irritating, unstable and explosive with a low decomposition point. Its isolation should be avoided for safety reasons.
• TosMIC it is preferable not to isolate TosMIC when safety is taken into account. To handle TosMIC without isolating it, it is inevitable to use the reaction solution itself or a solution of another extract solvent after TosMIC is synthesized and post-treatments are done. It has been essential to develop safer processes for producing 5-substituted oxazoles and 5-substituted imidazoles with TosMIC in a solution without isolating it.
• TosMIC was reacted with an aldehyde or imino compound (1) in a mixed solvent of an aprotic solvent with a protic solvent in the presence of a base, (2) in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst and an inorganic base, or (3) in the presence of an organic base.
• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a 5-substituted oxazole or 5-substituted imidazole, characterized in that TosMIC is synthesized from N-(p-tolylsulfonylmethyl)formamide with phosphorus oxychloride, phosgene or diphosgene, and a tertiary amine, to form a TosMIC solution which is not isolated and purified as crystals, and reacting the TosMIC solution with an aldehyde or a compound represented by Formula [I]: R 1 CH ⁇ NR 2 (wherein, R 1 and R 2 are optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic group or optionally substituted alkyl).
• the TosMIC solution is reacted with an aldehyde or a compound of Formula [I] in a mixed solvent of an aprotic solvent and a protic solvent in the presence of a base.
• the protic solvent is one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of water, C 1 to C 10 alcohols and mono- or poly-alkylene glycols.
• the aldehyde or the compound of Formula [I] is reacted with TosMIC in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst and an inorganic base.
• the aldehyde or the compound of Formula [I] is reacted with TosMIC in the presence of an organic base.
• the organic base has a pKa of 12 or more.
• the organic base is 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine.
• the aldehyde is an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic aldehyde.
• Aldehydes having any structure can be used for producing 5-substituted oxazoles in the present invention.
• preferred aldehydes include aldehydes having aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl; and aldehydes having aromatic heterocyclic groups such as furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl or N-methylpyrroloyl. These groups may be optionally substituted with various functional groups.
• Such functional groups include halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, optionally substituted amino and optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl.
• alkyl groups include straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl.
• alkoxy groups include straight-chain or branched, lower alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbons such as methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy.
• substituents of the functional groups include halogens, nitro, alkoxy and cyano.
• R 1 and R 2 are the same or different.
• R 1 and R 2 include straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, i-butyl or t-butyl; aromatic hydrocarbons such as phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl; and aromatic heterocyclic groups such as furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl or N-methylpyrroloyl.
• These groups may be optionally substituted with various functional groups.
• functional groups include, for alkyl groups, halogen, optionally substituted alkoxy, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, optionally substituted amino and optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl.
• alkoxy groups include straight-chain or branched, lower alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbons such as methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy.
• substituents of the functional groups include halogens, nitro, alkoxy and cyano.
• substituents of aromatic hydrocarbon and aromatic heterocyclic groups include halogens, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, optionally substituted amino and optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl.
• alkyl groups include straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl.
• alkoxy groups include straight-chain or branched, lower alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbons such as methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy.
• substituents of the substituent groups include halogens, nitro, alkoxy and cyano.
• An imino compound can be produced from a reaction of the corresponding aldehyde with an amine and be used without isolating and purifying it in the process of the present invention.
• TosMIC produced by either of the generally applied methods described below can be used: N-(p-tolylsulfonylmethyl)formamide (TosMFA) is reacted with phosphorus oxychloride in dimethoxyethane (DME) (Organic Synthesis, Vol. 57, 102-106; Synthesis, 400-402 (1985); and Tetrahedron Letters, 1972, 2367), or a method using phosgene or diphosgene (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 16 (1997), 259; Angew. Chem., 77 (1965), 492; and DE 4032925).
• DME dimethoxyethane
• Process 1 Reaction of a TosMIC solution with an Aldehyde or a Compound of Formula [I] in a Mixed Solvent of an Aprotic Solvent and a Protic Solvent in the Presence of a Base.
• organic bases can be used as the base.
• organic bases include alkylamines such as dicyclohexylamine, diisopropylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine and diisopropylethylamine; alkylanilines such as N,N-dimethylaniline; heterocyclic amines such as piperidine, pyrrolizine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, morpholine, piperazine, imidazole, 1-ethylpiperidine, 4-methylmorpholine, 1-methylpyrrolizine, 1,4-diazabicylo[2.2.2]octane and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene; quarternary ammonium salts such as benzyltriethyl ammonium chloride and methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride; or diamines such as N,N,N′,N
• protic solvents selected from the group consisting of water, C 1 to C 10 alcohols and mono- or poly-alkylene glycols
• protic solvents include water; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol; and glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
• methanol, ethylene glycol and 2-methoxyethanol are preferably used.
• aprotic solvents are those that can be used for synthesizing or extracting TosMIC.
• aprotic solvents include halogen-type solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane and methylene chloride; aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvents such as benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, nitrobenzene and benzonitrile; ester-type solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and isopropyl acetate; ketone-type solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; ether-type solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and polar solvents such as acetonitrile.
• solvents can be used alone or in any combination of two or more.
• the reaction is carried out using 2.0 moles or more, preferably 2.0 to 2.5 moles, more preferably 2.0 to 2.2 moles, of a base per one mole of the aldehyde or compound of Formula [I].
• Any amount of TosMIC can be used. It is preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.5 moles, more preferably 0.9 to 1.2 moles per one mole of the aldehyde.
• Any amount of a protic solvent can be used if it can dissolve a base to some extent. It is favorable to use 1 liter or more per one mole of the aldehyde or compound of Formula [I] used.
• Any amount of an aprotic solvent can also be used if it dissolves TosMIC.
• An aprotic solvent can be mixed with a protic solvent at any mixing ratio. The ratio can be set at discretion.
• an aldehyde or a compound of Formula [I] is mixed with a TosMIC solution and a base dissolved or suspended in a protic solvent, and reacted at a temperature from 0° C. to the boiling pint of the solvent used, preferably from 20 to 60° C. In this case, they can be reacted in the co-presence of a phase-transfer catalyst.
• the reaction is favorably carried out in a nitrogen stream or nitrogen atmosphere.
• the reaction time will differ depending on compounds to be reacted and reaction conditions. It is usually from about several minutes to 48 hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is cooled down, if necessary, and standard post-treatments yield the target compound.
• Process 2 Reaction of an Aldehyde or a Compound of Formula [I] with TosMIC in the Presence of a Phase-Transfer Catalyst and an Inorganic Base.
• phase-transfer catalysts suitable for use in the reactions of the present invention include onium salts such as quaternary ammonium salts and quaternary phosphonium salts, crown compounds and organic bases.
• quaternary ammonium salts include tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide, trimethylbenzyl ammonium hydroxide, tetramethyl ammonium bromide, tetraethyl ammonium bromide, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, triethylbenzyl ammonium bromide, trimethylphenyl ammonium bromide, tetramethyl ammonium chloride, tetraethyl ammonium chloride, tetrabutyl ammonium chloride, triethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, trimethylphenyl ammonium chloride, trioctylmethyl
• Examples of quaternary phosphonium salts include tetraethyl phosphonium chloride, tetraethyl phosphonium bromide, tetraethyl phosphonium iodide, tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide, tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide and triphenylbenzyl phosphonium bromide.
• Examples of crown compounds include crown ethers such as 15-crown-5,18-crown-6, and cryptands.
• organic bases examples include 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene, 6-dibutylamino-1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, triethylenediamine and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine.
• Any amount of a phase-transfer catalyst can be used. It is in a range of 0.0001 to 5 moles, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 equivalent moles per one mole of the aldehyde or compound of Formula [I] used.
• inorganic bases suitable for use in the present invention include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate. Any amount of an inorganic base can be used. It is preferably between 0.5 and 10 moles, and more preferably 1.0 and 3 moles per one mole of the aldehyde used.
• solvents suitable to use for the reaction include water; halogen-type solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform and dichloroethane; aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, benzonitrile, benzotrifluoride and chlorobenzene; ester-type solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and isopropyl acetate; ketone-type solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; ether-type solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and polar solvents such as acetonitrile.
• halogen-type solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform and dichloroethane
• aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, benzonitrile,
• solvents that can be used for synthesizing TosMIC or extracting it after post-treatments.
• examples include halogen-type solvents such as methylene chloride; aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvents such as toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene; ester-type solvents such as ethyl acetate; ketone-type solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone; THF and acetonitrile.
• halogen-type solvents such as methylene chloride
• aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvents such as toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene
• ester-type solvents such as ethyl acetate
• ketone-type solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone
• THF acetonitrile
• Any amount of solvent can be used.
• the solvent is present in a range of 1 to 1,000 times by weight, preferably 5 to 100 times by weight, based on the weight of the alde
• an aldehyde or a compound of Formula [I] is mixed with TosMIC or its solution in an appropriate solution, and an inorganic base dissolved in water and a phase-transfer catalyst are added to react at a temperature ranging from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from 20 to 60° C. Any amount of TosMIC can be used.
• the TosMIC is present in a range of 0.8 to 2.0 moles, more preferably 1.0 to 1.5 moles per one mole of the aldehyde or compound of Formula [I] used.
• the reaction is favorably carried out in a nitrogen stream or nitrogen atmosphere.
• the reaction time will differ depending on compounds to be reacted and other conditions, and is usually from several minutes to 48 hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is cooled down, if necessary, and standard post-treatments yield the target compound.
• Process 3 Reaction of an Aldehyde or a Compound of Formula [I] with TosMIC in the Presence of an Organic Base.
• Preferred organic bases for use have a pKa of 12 or more.
• organic bases include 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene, 6-dibutylamino-1,8-diazabicylo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, triethylenediamine, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (AP) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine.
• DBU and AP are favorably exemplified. These can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
• the total amount of an organic base used is in a range of 0.9 to 10 moles, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 moles per one mole of the aldehyde or compound of Formula [I] used.
• solvents suitable for use in the reaction of the present invention include halogen-type solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform and dichloroethane; aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, benzonitrile, benzotrifluoride and chlorobenzene; ester-type solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and isopropyl acetate; ketone-type solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; ether-type solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and polar solvents such as acetonitrile.
• halogen-type solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform and dichloroethane
• aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, benzonit
• solvents that can be used for synthesizing TosMIC or extracting it after post-treatments.
• Their examples include halogen-type solvents such as methylene chloride; aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvents such as toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene; ester-type solvents such as ethyl acetate; ketone-type solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone; THF and acetonitrile.
• halogen-type solvents such as methylene chloride
• aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvents such as toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene
• ester-type solvents such as ethyl acetate
• ketone-type solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone
• THF and acetonitrile Such solvents can be used alone or in any combination of two or more.
• An amount of solvent used is in a range of 1 to 1,000 times by weight, preferably 5 to 100 times by weight
• an aldehyde or a compound of Formula [I] a TosMIC solution and an organic base are dissolved and mixed in an appropriate solvent, and reacted at a temperature from ⁇ 20° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from 10 to 60° C. Any amount of TosMIC can be used.
• the TosMIC is present in a range of 0.8 to 1.5 moles, more preferably 0.9 to 1.2 moles per one mole of the aldehyde or compound of Formula [I] used.
• the reaction is favorably carried out in a nitrogen stream or nitrogen atmosphere.
• a reaction time differs depending on compounds to be reacted and other conditions, and is usually from several minutes to 48 hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is cooled down, if necessary, and standard post-treatments yield the target compound.
• Step 2 2-methoxy-4-nitrobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 552 mL of ethylene glycol containing 71.2 g of potassium hydroxide and 110 mL of methylene chloride, heated to 42 C, and added to the methylene chloride solution containing 111.3 g of TosMIC that was obtained in Step 1. The mixture was allowed to react at 42° C. until HPLC found no trace of the starting materials. Upon the completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was separated. The methylene-chloride layer was washed with water. The solvents were distilled off. The target compound was crystallized from methanol and water, filtrated and dried to give 102.4 g of the compound (yield: 86%). (Step 2)
• 5-substituted oxazoles and 5-substituted imidazoles which are useful as agricultural chemicals, drugs, functional materials, and others and as intermediates to produce them, can be prepared safely and efficiently.

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