US6451842B1 - Cyclic amine derivatives and their use as drugs - Google Patents

Cyclic amine derivatives and their use as drugs Download PDF

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Publication number
US6451842B1
US6451842B1 US09/554,562 US55456200A US6451842B1 US 6451842 B1 US6451842 B1 US 6451842B1 US 55456200 A US55456200 A US 55456200A US 6451842 B1 US6451842 B1 US 6451842B1
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Prior art keywords
group
alkyl
amino
pharmaceutically acceptable
addition salt
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Inventor
Tatsuki Shiota
Ken-ichiro Kataoka
Minoru Imai
Takaharu Tsutsumi
Masaki Sudoh
Ryo Sogawa
Takuya Morita
Takahiko Hada
Yumiko Muroga
Osami Takenouchi
Minoru Furuya
Noriaki Endo
Christine M. Tarby
Wilna Moree
Steven Teig
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Teijin Pharma Ltd
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Teijin Ltd
DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co
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Priority to US09/554,562 priority Critical patent/US6451842B1/en
Priority to US09/905,078 priority patent/US6362177B1/en
Priority to US09/905,077 priority patent/US6410566B1/en
Assigned to TEIJIN LIMITED, DUPONT PHARMACEUTICALS COMPANY reassignment TEIJIN LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Morita, Takuya, Hada, Takahiko, IMAI, MINORU, Sudoh, Masaki, TAKENOUCHI, OSAMI, ENDO, NORIAKI, Kataoka, Ken-Ichiro, MUROGA, YORNIKO, SOGAWA, RYO, TSUTSUMI, TAKAHARU, FURUYA, MINORU, SHIOTA, TATSUKI, MOREE, WILNA, Teig, Steven, TARBY, CHRISTINE
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Assigned to BMSPRL, L.L.C. reassignment BMSPRL, L.L.C. CONVERSION Assignors: BRISTOL-MYHERS SQUIBB PHARMA RESEARCH LABS, INC.
Assigned to BMSPRL, L.L.C. reassignment BMSPRL, L.L.C. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB PHARMA RESEARCH LABS, INC.
Assigned to BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB PHARMA RESEARCH LABS, INC. reassignment BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB PHARMA RESEARCH LABS, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DUPONT PHARMACEUTICALS RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
Assigned to BMSPRL, L.L.C. reassignment BMSPRL, L.L.C. FORMATION Assignors: BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB PHARMA RESEARCH LABS, INC.
Assigned to DUPONT PHARMACEUTICALS RESEARCH LABORATORIES, TEIJIN LIMITED reassignment DUPONT PHARMACEUTICALS RESEARCH LABORATORIES CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF ONE OF THE ASSIGNEES, DUPONT PHARMACEUTICALS COMPANY, TO DUPONT PHARMACEUTICALS RESEARCH LABORATORIES PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 012096 FRAME 0534. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE CORRECT ASSIGNEE IS AT LINE 7 OF THE EXECUTED ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: MOREE, WILNA, Teig, Steven, TARBY, CHRISTINE M., Kataoka, Ken-Ichiro, Morita, Takuya, Hada, Takahiko, Sudoh, Masaki, TAKENOUCHI, OSAMI, ENDO, NORIAKI, MUROGA, YUMIKO, SOGAWA, RYO, TSUTSUMI, TAKAHURA, FURUYA, MINORU, IMAI, MINORU, SHIOTA, TATSUKI
Assigned to TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED reassignment TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TEIJIN LIMITED, DELTAGEN RESEARCH LABORATORIES, L.L.C.
Assigned to DELTAGEN RESEARCH LABORATORIES, L.L.C. reassignment DELTAGEN RESEARCH LABORATORIES, L.L.C. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BMSPRL, L.L.C.
Assigned to BMSPRL, L.L.C. reassignment BMSPRL, L.L.C. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR'S NAME PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 019204 FRAME 0041. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE CORRECT ASSIGNOR'S NAME IS FOUND AT PAGE 1, LINES 6-7 OF THE CERTIFICATE OF CONVERSION. Assignors: BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB PHARMA RESEARCH LABS, INC.
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    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel cyclic amine derivatives.
  • This invention also relates to chemokine receptor antagonists that may be effective as a therapeutic agent and/or preventive agent for diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, nephritis (nephropathy), multiple sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocarditis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, endometriosis, congestive heart failure, viral meningitis, cerebral infarction, neuropathy, Kawasaki disease, and sepsis in which tissue infiltration of blood leukocytes, such as monocytes and lymphocytes, play a major role in the initiation, progression or maintenance of the disease.
  • diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, nephritis (nephropathy), multiple sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis,
  • Chemokines are a group of inflammatory/immunomodulatory polypeptide factors which have a molecular weight of 6-15 kD and are produced by a variety of cell types, such as macrophages, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophiles, fibroblasts, vascular endotherial cells, smooth muscle cells, and mast cells, at inflammatory sites.
  • the chemokines can be classified into two major subfamilies, the CXC chemokines (or ⁇ -chemokines) and CC chemokines (or ⁇ -chemokines), by the common location of the four conserved cysteine residues and by the differences in the chromosomal locations of the genes encoding them.
  • the first two cysteines of CXC chemokines are separated by one amino acid and those of CC chemokines are adjacent.
  • IL-8 abbreviation for interleukin-8
  • CC chemokines include MIP-1 ⁇ / ⁇ (abbreviation for macrophage inflammatory protein-1 ⁇ / ⁇ ), MCP-1 (abbreviation for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), and RANTES (abbreviation for regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted).
  • MIP-1 ⁇ / ⁇ abbreviation for macrophage inflammatory protein-1 ⁇ / ⁇
  • MCP-1 abbreviation for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
  • RANTES abbreviation for regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted
  • lymphotactin which has only two cysteines and defines the C chemokine
  • fractalkine that has a chemokine-like domain in the mucin structure in which the first two cysteines are separated by three amino acids and hence defines CX 3 C chemokine.
  • chemokines promote chemotaxis, cell migration, increase the expression of cellular adhesion molecules such as integrins, and cellular adhesion, and are thought to be the protein factors intimately involved in the adhesion and infiltration of leukocytes into the pathogenic sites in such as inflammatory tissues
  • references see for example, Vaddi, K., et al., The Chemokine Facts Book, Academic Press, 1997; Chemoattractant Ligand and Their Receptors, Horuk, R., Ed., CRC Press, 1996; Ward, G. W., et al, Biochem. J., 1998, 333, 457; Luster, A. D., New Engl. J.
  • MIP-1 ⁇ causes a transient increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration levels and induces migration of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes (see for example, Taub, D. D., et al., Science, 1993, 260, 355; Schall, T. J., et al., J. Exp. Med., 1993, 177, 1821), and eosinophiles (see for example, Rot, A., et al., J. Exp. Med., 1992, 176, 1489), chemotaxis of natural killer cells (see for example, Maghazachi, A. A., et al., J.
  • MIP-1 ⁇ also enhances IgE and IgG4 production in B cells (see for example, Kimata, H., et al., J. Exp. Med., 1996, 183, 2397) and inhibits hematopoietic stem cell proliferation (see for example, Mayani, H., et al., Exp. Hematol., 1995, 23, 422; Keller, J.
  • MIP-1 ⁇ With respect to the activity of MIP-1 ⁇ in vivo and its role in the pathogenesis of disease, it has been reported that it is a pyrogen in rabbits (see for example Davatelis, G., et al., Science, 1989, 243, 1066); that MIP-1 ⁇ injection into mouse foot pads results in an inflammatory reaction such as infiltration by neutrophils and mononuclear cells (see for example Alam, R., et al., J. Immunol., 1994, 152, 1298); that MIP-1 ⁇ neutralizing antibody has an inhibitory effect or a therapeutic effect in animal models of granuloma (see for example Lukacs, N. W., et al., J. Exp.
  • MIP-1 ⁇ is deeply involved in the local attraction of various subtypes of leukocytes and the initiation, progression and maintenance of resulting inflammatory response.
  • MCP-1 also known as MCAF (abbreviation for macrophage chemotactic and activating factor) or JE
  • MCAF abbreviation for macrophage chemotactic and activating factor
  • JE vascular endothelial cells
  • T lymphocytes see for example Loetscher, P., et al., FASEB J., 1994, 8, 1055
  • natural killer cells see for example Loetscher, P., et al., J. Immunol., 1996, 156, 322; Allavena, P., et al., Eur. J. Immunol. , 1994, 24, 3233
  • mediating histamine release by basophils see for example Alam, R., et al., J. Clin. Invest., 1992, 89, 723; Bischoff, S. C., et al., J. Exp. Med., 1992, 175, 1271; Kuna, P., et al., J. Exp. Med., 1992, 175, 489).
  • MCP-1 monocyte/macrophage and/or T cells
  • atherosclerosis see for example Hayes, I. M., et al., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1998, 18, 397; Takeya, M.. et al., Hum. Pathol., 1993, 24, 534; Yla-Herttuala, S., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1991, 88, 5252; Nelken, N. A., J. Clin.
  • Pathol., 1998, 152, 125 intraperitoneal adhesion (see for example Zeyneloglu, H. B., et al., Human Reproduction, 1998, 13, 1194), congestive heart failure (see for example Aurust, P., et al., Circulation, 1998, 97, 1136), chronic liver disease (see for example Marra, F., et al., Am. J. Pathol., 1998, 152, 423), viral meningitis (see for example Lahrtz, F., et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 1997, 27, 2484), Kawasaki disease (see for example Wong, M.; et al., J.
  • MCP-1 is essential for monocyte recruitment in vivo (see Lu, B., et al., J. Exp. Med., 1998, 187, 601; Gu, L., et al., Moll. Cell, 1998, 2, 275).
  • chemokines such as MIP-1 ⁇ and MCP-1 attract monocytes and lymphocytes to disease sites and mediate their activation and thus are thought to be intimately involved in the initiation, progression and maintenance of diseases deeply involving monocytes and lymphocytes, such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, nephritis (nephropathy), multiple sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocarditis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, endometriosis, congestive heart failure, viral meningitis, cerebral infarction, neuropathy, Kawasaki disease, and sepsis (see for example Rovin, B.
  • drugs which inhibit the action of chemokines on target cells may be effective as a therapeutic and/or preventive drug in the diseases.
  • CXCR1-CXCR5 CXC chemokine receptors
  • CCR1-CCR8 CC chemokine receptors
  • IL-8 is a ligand for CXCR1 and CXCR2
  • MIP-1 ⁇ is that for CCR1 and CCR5
  • MCP-1 is that for CCR2A and CCR2B (for reference, see for example, Holmes, W. E., et al., Science 1991, 253, 1278-1280; Murphy P.
  • compound which inhibit the binding of chemokines such as MIP-1 ⁇ and/or MCP-1 to these receptors may be useful as drugs which inhibit the action of chemokines such as MIP-1 ⁇ and/or MCP-1 on the target cells, but there are no drugs known to have such effects.
  • the cyclic amine derivatives provided by the present invention is quite novel. Recently, it has been reported that the diphenylmethane derivatives (WO9724325; Hesselgesser, J., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 15687), piperidine derivatives (JP9-249566), imidazobenzodiazepine derivatives (JP9-249570), benzazocine derivatives (JP9-255572), tricyclic compounds with cyclic amino group (WO9804554), phenothiazine derivatives (Bright, C., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem.
  • a cyclic amine derivative having a arylalkyl group, its pharmaceutically acceptable C 1 -C 6 alkyl addition salt or its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt has an excellent activity to inhibit the binding of chemokines such as MIP-1 ⁇ and/or MCP-1 and the like to the receptor of a target cell, which has led to the completion of this invention.
  • the present invention is a compound of the formula (I) below:
  • R 1 is a phenyl group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, in which the phenyl or aromatic heterocyclic group may be condensed with a benzene ring or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, to form a condensed ring, and the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring may be substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxy group, a carbamoyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 3
  • j represents an integer of 0-2;
  • k represents an integer of 0-2;
  • n an integer of 2-4;
  • n 0 or 1
  • R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or two phenyl groups each of which may be substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, or a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group;
  • R 4 and R 5 are the same or different from each other and are a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a phenyl group, or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, in which the C 1 -C 6 alkyl group is optionally substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxy group, a carbamoyl group, a mercapto group, a guanidino group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 6 alkylthio group, a phenyl group optionally substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, or a benzyloxy group, a phenoxy group, a benzyl
  • p 0 or 1
  • q 0 or 1
  • G is a group represented by —CO—, —SO 2 —, —CO—O—, —NR 7 —CO—, —CO—NR 7 ——NH—CO—NH—, —NH—CS—NH—, —NR 7 —SO 2 —, —SO 2 —NR 7 —, —NH—CO—O—, or —O—CO—NH—, wherein R 7 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, or R 3 taken together with R 5 represents C 2 -C 5 alkylene group;
  • R 6 is a phenyl group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenyl group, a benzyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, in which the phenyl, benzyl, or aromatic heterocyclic group may be condensed with a benzene ring or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, to form a condensed ring, and the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenyl group, benzyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring may be substituted with one or more of a halogen atom,
  • the present invention is a method of inhibiting the binding of a chemokine to the receptor of a target cell and/or its action on a target cell using a pharmaceutical preparation containing a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by the above formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable C 1 -C 6 alkyl addition salt thereof (Invention 2).
  • the compound represented by the above formula (I) have activities to inhibit the binding of chemokines such as MIP-1 ⁇ and/or MCP-1 and the like to the receptor of a target cell and activities to inhibit physiological activities of cells caused by chemokines such as MIP-1 ⁇ and/or MCP-1 and the like.
  • R 1 is a phenyl group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, in which the phenyl or aromatic heterocyclic group may be condensed with a benzene ring or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, to form a condensed ring, and the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring may be substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxy group, a carbamoyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group,
  • the “C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group” for R 1 means a cyclic alkyl group such as a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl group, specifically including a cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl group.
  • the “aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof” for R 1 is specifically, for example, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl (furazanyl), thiadiazolyl group and the like, preferably including a thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, isoxazolyl, and pyridyl group.
  • the “condensed ring” for R 1 means a ring obtained by the condensation with a benzene ring or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom of a phenyl group or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and/or a nitrogen atom, at any possible sites, suitably and specifically for example, naphthyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, quinolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl (benzofurazanyl), and benzothiadiazolyl group.
  • a phenyl group and an isoxazolyl group can be listed as a preferred specific example for R 1 .
  • halogen atom as a substituent for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 includes a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, and iodine atom, suitably including a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, and bromine atom.
  • C 1 -C 6 alkyl group as a substituent for R 1 means a C 1 -C 6 straight-chain or a branched alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, isohexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 1-ethylbutyl group, and the like, suitably specifically including a methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isopropyl group.
  • C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group as a substituent for R 1 is the same as defined for the aforementioned “C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group” for R 1 , where the same examples can be given for the preferred specific examples.
  • the “C 2 -C 6 alkenyl group” as a substituent for R 1 means a C 2 -C 6 straight-chain or a branched alkenyl group such as a vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 4-pentenyl, 5-hexenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl group, and the like, suitably specifically including a vinyl and 2-methyl-1-propenyl group.
  • C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 1 -C 6 alkyl group and oxy group, specifically, for example, a methoxy and ethoxy group.
  • C 1 -C 6 alkylthio group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 1 -C 6 alkyl group and thio group, specifically, for example, a methylthio and ethylthio group.
  • the “C 3 -C 5 alkylene group” as a substituent for R 1 means the C 3 -C 9 divalent alkylene group such as a trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, and 1-methyltrimethylene group, specifically, for example, a trimethylene and a tetramethylene group.
  • the “C 2 -C 4 alkylenoxy group” as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 2 -C 4 divalent alkylene group and oxy group such as a ethylenoxy (—CH 2 CH 2 O—), trimethylenoxy (—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—), tetramethylenoxy (—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—), and 1,1-dimethylethylenoxy (—CH 2 C (CH 3 ) 2 O—) group, specifically, for example, a ethylenoxy and trimethylenoxy group.
  • C 1 -C 3 alkylenedioxy group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of C 1 -C 3 divalent alkylene group and two oxy groups such as a methylenedioxy (—OCH 2 O—), ethylenedioxy (—OCH 2 CH 2 O—), trimethylenedioxy (—OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—, and propylenedioxy (—OCH 2 CH(CH 3 )O—) group, specifically, for example, a methylenedioxy and ethylenedioxy group.
  • a methylenedioxy —OCH 2 O—
  • ethylenedioxy —OCH 2 CH 2 O—
  • trimethylenedioxy —OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—
  • propylenedioxy —OCH 2 CH(CH 3 )O—
  • C 2 -C 7 alkanoyl group as a substituent for R 1 means C 2 -C 7 straight-chain or branched alkanoyl group such as an acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, isobutyryl, 3-methylbutanoyl, 2-methylbutanoyl, pivaloyl, 4-methylpentanoyl, 3,3-dimethylbutanoyl, 5-methylhexanoyl group, and the like, where the preferred and specific example includes an acetyl group.
  • C 2 -C 7 alkoxycarbonyl group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group and carbonyl group, preferably and specifically for example, a methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycarbonyl group.
  • C 2 -C 7 alkanoyloxy group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 2 -C 7 alkanoyl group and oxy group, specifically, for example, an acetyloxy group.
  • C 2 -C 7 alkanoylamino group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 2 -C 7 alkanoyl group and amino group, specifically, for example, an acetylamino group.
  • C 2 -C 7 N-alkylcarbamoyl group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 1 -C 6 alkyl group and carbamoyl group, specifically, for example, a N-methylcarbamoyl and N-ethylcarbamoyl group.
  • C 4 -C 9 N-cycloalkylcarbamoyl group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group and carbamoyl group, specifically, for example, a N-cyclopentylcarbamoyl and N-cyclohexylcarbamoyl group.
  • C 1 -C 6 alkylsulfonyl group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 1 -C 6 alkyl group and sulfonyl group, preferably and specifically, for example, a methylsulfonyl group.
  • C 3 -C 8 (alkoxycarbonyl)methyl group as a substituent for R 1 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 2 -C 7 alkoxycarbonyl group and methyl group, preferably and specifically for example, a (methoxycarbonyl)methyl and (ethoxycarbonyl)methyl group.
  • the “mono(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino group” as a substituent for R 1 means amino group substituted with one of the aforementioned C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably and specifically, for example, a methylamino and ethyl amino group.
  • the “di(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino group” as a substituent for R 1 means amino group substituted with the same or different two C 1 -C 6 alkyl group aforementioned, preferably and specifically, for example, a dimethylamino, diethylamino, and N-ethyl-N-methylamino group.
  • substituent for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 are optionally substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a trifluoromethyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, or a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group.
  • halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group are the same as defined for the aforementioned substituents for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • the C 1 -C 6 alkyl group and C 2 -C 7 alkoxycarbonyl group for R 2 are the same as defined for the aforementioned substituent for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • the halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group as substituents for the C 1 -C 6 alkyl or phenyl group in R 2 are the same as defined for the aforementioned substituent for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • a hydrogen atom is a preferred specific example for R 2 .
  • j represents an integer of 0-2. It is particularly preferred for j to be 0.
  • k represents an integer of 0-2 and m represents an integer of 2-4. It is preferred to use a 2-substituted pyrrolidine in which k is 0 and m is 3, a 3-substituted pyrrolidine in which k is 1 and m is 2, a 3-substituted piperidine in which k is 1 and m is 3, a 4-substituted piperidine in which k is 2 and m is 2, or 3-substituted hexahydroazepine in which k is 1 and m is 4.
  • n in the above formula (I) represents 0 or 1.
  • 3-amidopyrrolidines in which k is 1, m is 2, and n is 0 and 4-(amidomethyl)piperidines in which k is 2, m is 2, and n is 1 can be listed as a particularly preferred example.
  • R 1 in the above formula (I) represents a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or two phenyl groups each of which may be substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, or a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group.
  • the C 1 -C 6 alkyl group for R 2 is the same as defined for the aforementioned substituents for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , specifically, for example, a methyl, ethyl and propyl group.
  • the halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group as substituents for the phenyl group, which is a substituent for C 1 -C 6 alkyl group in R 3 , are the same as defined for the aforementioned substituents for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • a hydrogen atom is a preferred specific example for R 3 .
  • R 4 and R 5 are the same or different from each other and are a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a phenyl group, or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, in which the C 1 -C 6 alkyl group is optionally substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxy group, a carbamoyl group, a mercapto group, a guanidino group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 6 alkylthio group, a phenyl group optionally substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, or a benzyloxy group, a phenoxy group,
  • the C 1 -C 6 alkyl group for R 4 and R 5 is the same as defined for the aforementioned substituent for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • the halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio group, C 2 -C 7 alkanoyl group, C 2 -C 7 alkoxycarbonyl group, C 2 -C 7 alkanoyloxy group, C 2 -C 7 alkanoylamino group, C 2 -C 7 N-alkylcarbamoyl group, C 1 -C 6 alkylsulfonyl group, mono(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino group, and di(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino group as a substituent for the C 1 -C 6 alkyl group in R 4 and R 5 are the same as defined for the aforementioned substituent for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • the C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group and aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof as substituent for the C 1 -C 6 alkyl group in R 4 and R 5 are the same as defined for the aforementioned group for R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • the halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group for the substituent for the phenyl group which is substituent for the C 1 -C 6 alkyl group in R 4 and R 5 are the same as defined for the aforementioned substituent for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • the “3 to 6 membered cyclic hydrocarbon” consisting of R 4 , R 5 , and the adjacent carbon atom includes a cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, and cyclohexane.
  • a hydrogen atom and a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group can be listed as a preferred specific example for R 4 and R 5 .
  • G is a group represented by —CO—, —SO 2 —, —CO—O—, —NR 7 —CO—, —CO—NR 7 —, —NH—CO—NH—, —NH—CS—NH—, —NR 7 —SO 2 —, —SO 2 NR 7 —, —NH—CO—O—, or —O—CO—NH—, wherein R 7 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, or R 7 taken together with R 5 represents a C 2 -C 5 alkylene group.
  • —CO— means a carbonyl group
  • —SO 2 — means a sulfonyl group
  • —CS— means a thiocarbonyl group
  • Preferred G group is specifically, for example, those represented by the formula —NR 7 —CO— and —NH—CO—NH—.
  • the C 1 -C 6 alkyl group for R 7 are the same as defined for the aforementioned substituent for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • C 2 -C 5 alkylene group consisting of R 5 and R 7 means C 2 -C 5 straight-chain or branched alkylene group such as a methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, 1-methyltrimethylene, pentamethylene group, and the like, suitably and specifically including a ethylene, trimethylene and tetramethylene group.
  • a hydrogen atom is a preferred specific example for R 7 .
  • R 6 is a phenyl group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenyl group, a benzyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, in which the phenyl, benzyl, or aromatic heterocyclic group may be condensed with a benzene ring or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, to form a condensed ring, and the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenyl group, benzyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring may be substituted with one or more of a a phenyl group
  • the C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, and the condensed ring for R 6 are the same as defined for the aforementioned R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • the “C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenyl group” for R 6 means a cyclic alkenyl group such as a cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl group, specifically including a 1-cyclopentenyl and 1-cyclohexenyl group.
  • a phenyl group, a furyl group, and a thienyl group can be listed as a preferred specific example for R 6 .
  • the C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group as a substituent for R 6 is the same as defined for the aforementioned C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group for R 1 , where the same examples can be given for the preferred specific examples.
  • C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyloxy group as a substituent for R 6 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group and oxy group, specifically, for example, a cyclopropyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, and cyclohexyloxy group.
  • N,N-di(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)sulfamoyl group as a substituent for R 6 means sulfamoyl group substituted with the same or different two C 1 -C 6 alkyl group aforementioned, preferably and specifically, for example, a N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl, N,N-diethylsulfamoyl, and N-ethyl-N-methylsulfamoyl group.
  • C 2 -C 7 (alkoxycarbonyl)amino group as a substituent for R 6 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 2 -C 7 alkoxycarbonyl group and amino group, specifically, for example, a (methoxycarbonyl)amino and (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.
  • C 1 -C 6 (alkylsulfonyl)amino” group as a substituent for R 6 means group consisting of the aforementioned C 1 -C 6 alkylsulfonyl group and amino group, specifically, for example, a (methylsulfonyl)amino group.
  • the “bis(C 1 -C 6 alkylsulfonyl)amino” group as a substituent for R 6 means amino group substituted with the same or different two C 1 -C 6 alkylsulfonyl group aforementioned, preferably and specifically, for example, a bis(methylsulfonyl)amino group.
  • a halogen atom, a mercapto group, a nitro group, a thiocyanato group, a trifluoromethyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a phenylsulfonyl group, a C 2 -C 7 alkanoylamino group or an amino group can be listed as preferred specific example for substituent for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenyl group, benzyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 6 .
  • substituents for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenyl group, benzyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 6 are optionally substituted with one or more of a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, an amino group, trifluoromethyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 6 alkylthio group, a mono(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino group, or a di(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino group.
  • the halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 6 alkylthio group, mono(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino group, and di(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino group are the same as defined for the aforementioned substituents for the phenyl group, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or condensed ring in R 1 , and the same examples can be listed as preferred specific examples.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable C 1 -C 6 alkyl addition salt can be used to prepare a chemokine receptor antagonist preparation of the present invention by formulating the therapeutically effected amount and a carrier and/or diluent into a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the cyclic amine derivatives shown by the above formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable C 1 -C 6 alkyl addition salt can be administered orally or by parenterally, for example, intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, percutaneously or intrarectally.
  • the oral administration can be accomplished in the form of tablets, pills, granules, powder, solution, suspension, capsules, etc.
  • the tablets for example can be prepared using a vehicle such as lactose, starch and crystallized cellulose; binder such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone; disintegrator such as sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium lauryl sulfate, etc.
  • a vehicle such as lactose, starch and crystallized cellulose
  • binder such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • disintegrator such as sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium lauryl sulfate, etc.
  • Pills, powder and granule preparations can be prepared by a standard method using the vehicles mentioned above.
  • Solution or suspension can be prepared by a standard method using glycerin ester such as tricaprylin and triacetin or alcohols such as ethanol.
  • Capsules can be made by charging granules, powder or solution in gelatin, etc.
  • Subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous preparations can be prepared as an injection using aqueous or nonaqueous solution.
  • Aqueous solution for example may include isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • Nonaqueous solutions may include for example, propyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, olive oil, ethyl oleate, etc., and optionally, one can add antiseptics and stabilizers.
  • For injection one can be sterilized by filtration through a bacterial filter or combination of disinfectant.
  • Percutaneous administration may be in the form of an ointment or cream, and ointment can be prepared in the standard manner using fatty oils such as castor oil and olive oil, or Vaseline, while creams can be made using fatty oils or emulsifying agent such as diethyleneglycol and sorbitan esters of fatty acid.
  • fatty oils such as castor oil and olive oil, or Vaseline
  • creams can be made using fatty oils or emulsifying agent such as diethyleneglycol and sorbitan esters of fatty acid.
  • the cyclic amine derivatives of the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable C 1 -C 6 alkyl addition salt is administered at a dose that varies depending on the type of disease, route of administration, age and sex of patient, and severity of disease, but is likely to be 1-500 mg/day in an average adult.
  • Preferred specific examples for the cyclic amine compound in the above formula (I) include compound having each substituent as shown in the following Tables 1.1-1.201.
  • chirality means configuration of the asymmetric carbon atom on the cyclic amine.
  • R shows that the asymmetric carbon atom has a R configuration
  • S shows that the asymmetric carbon atom has a S configuration
  • ⁇ means racemate or that the compound do not have a asymmetric carbon atom on the nitrogen containing ring.
  • the present invention can also use acid addition salt of the cyclic amine compound where such acids include, for example, mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, and the like, as well as organic acids such as maleic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, and the like.
  • mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, and the like
  • organic acids such as maleic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, and the like.
  • the present invention can also use a C 1 -C 6 alkyl addition salt of the cyclic amine compound, such as 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-methyl-4-[ ⁇ N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)glycyl ⁇ aminomethyl]piperidinium iodide, where such alkyl include, for example, a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 1-ethylbutyl, and the like, suitably specifically including, amethyl and ethyl group.
  • the present invention may use racemates and all possible optically active forms of the compound represented by the above formula (I).
  • the reactive derivative for the carboxylic acid in the above formula (III) include highly reactive carboxylic acid derivatives, which are usually used in synthetic organic chemistry, such as acid halides, acid anhydrides, mixed acid anhydrides.
  • Such reactions can be more smoothly run by using suitable amounts of a dehydrating agent such as molecular sieve, coupling reagent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI or WSC), carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), N-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (H ⁇ dot over (O) ⁇ Bt), benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP®), 2-(1H -benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU), 2- (5
  • R 1 , R 2 , and j are the same as defined respectively in the above formula (I) ⁇ ;
  • X represents a halogen atom, alkylsulfonyloxy group, or arylsulfonyloxy group), with 0.1-10 equivalents of a compound represented by the formula (V) below:
  • Such reactions can be more smoothly run if a base similar to that used in the above preparation 1 is present.
  • the reactions in these preparations can also be promoted by iodide such as potassium iodide, sodium iodide, and the like.
  • X represents a halogen atom, alkylsulfonyloxy group, arylsulfonyloxy group.
  • halogen atoms include preferably chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms.
  • alkylsulfonyloxy groups include methylsulfonyloxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group, and the like.
  • a preferred specific example for the arylsulfonyloxy group includes a tosyloxy group.
  • R 1 is the same as defined in the above formula (I); j represents 0 ⁇ , with 0.1-10 equivalents of a compound represented by the formula (V) either in the absence or presence of solvent under reductive conditions.
  • Such reactions are in general called reductive amination reactions and such reductive conditions may be generated by catalytic hydrogenation using a catalyst containing a metal such as palladium, platinum, nickel, rhodium, or the like, using complex hydrides, such as lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, and the like, boranes, or electrolytic reduction, and the like.
  • complex hydrides such as lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, and the like, boranes, or electrolytic reduction, and the like.
  • R 6 is the same as defined in the above formulas (I); “A” represents a carbonyl group or sulfonyl group ⁇ , or its reactive derivative, either in the absence or presence of solvent.
  • the reactive derivative for the carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid in the above formula (IX) include highly reactive carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid derivative, which are usually used in synthetic organic chemistry, such as acid halides, acid anhydrides, mixed acid anhydrides.
  • Such reactions can be more smoothly run by using suitable amounts of a dehydrating agent, coupling reagent, or base which are similar to those used in the above preparation 1.
  • R 6 is the same as defined in the above formulas (I)); Z represents a oxygen atom or sulfur atom ⁇ , either in the absence or presence of solvent.
  • Such reactions can be more smoothly run by using suitable amounts of a dehydrating agent, coupling reagent, or base which are similar to those used in the above preparation 1.
  • the substrates submitted to each of the above preparations contains a substituent which reacts under each reaction condition or is thought to adversely affect the reaction in general in synthetic organic chemistry, that functional group can be protected by a known suitable protecting group followed by the reaction of the above preparations and deprotection using a known procedure to obtain the desired compound.
  • a compound of the present invention can be prepared by the further conversion of the substituent(s) of the compound, prepared with the above preparations 1-6, using known reactions which are usually used in synthetic organic chemistry, such as alkylation, acylation, reduction, and so on.
  • Each of the above preparations may use solvents for the reaction such as halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate, aprotic polar solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and the like.
  • solvents for the reaction such as halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate, aprotic polar solvents such as
  • the reaction temperature in either of the preparations should be in the range of ⁇ 78° C.-+150° C., preferably 0° C.-100° C.
  • the usual isolation and purification operations such as concentration, filtration, extraction, solid-phase extraction, recrystallization, chromatography, and the like may be used, to isolate the desired cyclic amine compound represented by the above formula (I). These can be converted into pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt or C 1 -C 6 alkyl addition salt by the usual method.
  • the chemokine receptor antagonist which contain the cyclic amine compound, its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt or a pharmaceutically acceptable C 1 -C 6 alkyl addition salt of this invention, which inhibits chemokines such as MIP-1 ⁇ and/or MCP-1 and the like from action on target cells, are useful as therapeutic agents and/or preventive preparation for diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, nephritis (nephropathy), multiple sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocarditis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, endometriosis, congestive heart failure, viral meningitis, cerebral infarction, neuropathy, Kawasaki disease, sepsis, and the like, in which tissue infiltration of blood monocytes, lymphocytes, and the like plays a major role in the initiation, progression, and maintenance of the disease.
  • diseases
  • N-Benzoylglycine (9.9 mg, 0.055 mmol), 3-ethyl-1-(3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) (10.5 mg) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) (7.4 mg) were added to a solution of 3-amino-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyrrolidine dihydrochloride (14.2 mg, 0.050 mmol) and Et 3 N (15.2 mg) in CHCl 3 (2.5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 h, washed with 2 N aqueous NaOH (2 mL ⁇ 2) and brine (1 mL).
  • EDCI 3-ethyl-1-(3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride
  • HOBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate
  • the compounds of this invention were synthesized pursuant to methods of Example 348 using the corresponding reactant respectively. If the starting amine remained, treatment with isocyanatomethylated polystyrene (50 mg) in CHCl 3 (1 mL) at room temperature, filtration and concentration afforded the desired material.
  • the ESI/MS data and yields are summarized in Table 6.
  • 2-carbamoyl-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyrrolidine was dissolved in 1M BH 3 -THF (9.4 mL) and heated to 70° C. After 16 h and 25 h, additional 0.5 equiv. of 1M BH 3 -THF were added. After 40 h, 1 N aqueous HCl solution (14 mL) was added and the reaction was heated to reflux for 3 h, 3 N aqueous HCl solution (6 mL) was added and the reaction was heated for an additional 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25° C., basicified with 4 N aqueous NaOH solution and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (4 ⁇ 15 mL).
  • N-(3-Methylbenzoyl)glycine (10.6 mg, 0.055 mmol), EDCI (10.5 mg) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (7.4 mg) were added to a solution of 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-aminopiperidine dihydrochloride (14.9 mg, 0.050 mmol) and Et 3 N (15.2 mg) in CHCl 3 (2.5 mL).
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 h, washed with 2 N aqueous NaOH (2 mL ⁇ 2) and brine (1 mL).
  • Example 1046 445 C22 H24 Cl3 N3 O2 436 16.7 77
  • Example 1046 445 C22 H24 Cl3 N3 O2 436 16.7

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