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  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
  • C07C237/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C237/22—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton having nitrogen atoms of amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton of the acid part, further acylated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
  • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
  • C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
  • C07D209/18—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D209/20—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals substituted additionally by nitrogen atoms, e.g. tryptophane
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
  • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
  • C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
  • C07D209/18—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D209/24—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D223/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D223/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D223/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D223/12—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical

Definitions

• the invention relates to the compounds of formula I
• R is phenyl that is unsubstituted or is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group halogen, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy and lower alkoxy,
• R 1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl
• R 2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or phenyl that is unsubstituted or is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group halogen, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy and lower alkoxy,
• R 3 is phenyl that is unsubstituted or is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group halogen, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy and lower alkoxy; or is naphthyl, 1H-indol-3-yl or 1-lower alkyl-indol-3-yl,
• R 4 ′ and R 4 ′′ are each independently of the other hydrogen or lower alkyl, at least one of the radicals R 4 ′ and R 4 ′′ being hydrogen, and
• R 5 is C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, D-azacycloheptan-2-on-3-yl or L-azacycloheptan-2-on-3-yl; and salts thereof, to processes for the preparation of those compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising those compounds, to the use of those compounds in the therapeutic treatment of the human or animal body or in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions.
• lower denotes a radical having up to and including 7 and especially up to and including 4 carbon atoms.
• Lower alkyl is, for example, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 4 alkyl, especially methyl and ethyl, and more especially methyl.
• Examples of lower alkyl are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl and n-heptyl.
• Halogen is, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• Halophenyl is, for example, (fluoro-, chloro-, bromo- or iodo-)phenyl, preferably fluorophenyl or chlorophenyl, especially 4-fluorophenyl or 4-chlorophenyl, and more especially 4-chlorophenyl.
• Dihalophenyl is, for example, dichlorophenyl, difluorophenyl or chlorofluorophenyl, preferably dichlorophenyl or difluorophenyl, especially 3,4-dichlorophenyl or 3,4-difluorophenyl, and more especially 3,4-dichlorophenyl.
• Trihalophenyl is, for example, trifluorophenyl or trichlorophenyl.
• alkyl-indol-3-yl is, for example, 1-methyl-indol-3-yl.
• C 3 -C 8 Cycloalkyl is therefore, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl, preferably cyclohexyl.
• Salts of compounds of formula I are especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• Compounds of formula I having a basic group may, for example, form acid addition salts with suitable mineral acids, such as hydrohalic acids, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, for example hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates or phosphates.
• salts with bases are also possible, for example corresponding alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or organic amines, for example ammonium salts.
• the compounds of formula I have valuable pharmacological properties.
• the activation of the sensory nerves results in a local release of neuropeptides inside the lungs. More especially substance P and neurokinin A are produced, which trigger an acute inflammatory reaction termed neurogenic inflammation.
• That inflammatory reaction proceeds mainly via NK1 receptor activation and includes especially vasodilatation, microvascular leakage, recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes and excessive secretion of mucus, and also bronchoconstriction [mainly via activation of the neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2 receptor)].
• NK1 receptor activation includes especially vasodilatation, microvascular leakage, recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes and excessive secretion of mucus, and also bronchoconstriction [mainly via activation of the neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2 receptor)].
• NK2 receptor neurokinin 2 receptor
• the pharmacological action of the compounds of formula I is based especially on the antagonisation of the NK1 receptor and additionally generally also on the antagonisation of the NK2 receptor.
• the compounds of formula I are therefore capable of inhibiting neurogenic inflammation and tachykinin-induced bronchoconstriction.
• the advantageous effects of the compounds of formula I can be demonstrated by various in vitro or in vivo test methods.
• in vitro they inhibit the [beta-Ala8]NKA(4-10)-induced Ca 2+ influx into ovarian cells of transfected Chinese hamsters, which express recombinant human neurokinin 2 receptors, with IC 50 values from about 10 nM.
• IC 50 values from about 10 nM.
• NK-2 binding assay in which they are tested for their ability to inhibit the binding of 125 I-NKA to hrNK2CHO cells [culture conditions and cell isolation for hrNK2CHO cells, see N. Subramanian et al., Biochem. Biophys. Req. Comm.
• the compounds of formula I are effective especially as antagonists of NK1 receptors. Their action on that class of receptors and their action on related receptor systems, for example NK2, render the compounds of formula I therapeutically useful in the prevention, the treatment or the diagnosis of a number of diseases, for example diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, for example bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, allergic hypersensitivity and hypersecretion conditions, such as chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis; pulmonary fibrosis of various aetiologies; diseases of the pulmonary and bronchial circulation, such as pulmonary high blood pressure, angiogenesis, metastases; diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as Crohn's disease, Hirsprung's disease, diarrhoea, mal-absorption conditions, inflammatory conditions; in affective, traumatic or inflammatory disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system, such as depression, anxiety states, migraine and other forms of cranial pain, strokes, emesis; diseases of the blood vessels, such as
• Substance P plays an important role in various disorders, for example in conditions of pain, in migraine and in certain disorders of the central nervous system, such as in anxiety states, emesis, schizophrenia and depression, and in certain motor disorders, such as in Parkinson's disease, and also in inflammatory diseases, such as in rheumatoid arthritis, ulceris and conjunctivitis, in diseases of the respiratory organs, such as in asthma and chronic bronchitis, in disorders of the gastrointestinal system, such as in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and in hypertension.
• the substance-P-antagonising effects can be demonstrated, for example, as follows: in vitro, for example, the binding of 3 H-substance P to the bovine retina in the radio receptor assay according to H. Bittiger, Ciba Foundation Symposium 91 (1982)196-199, is inhibited with IC 50 values of from about 0.2 nM.
• the invention relates preferably to the compounds of formula I wherein
• R is phenyl, 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-phenyl or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl,
• R 1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl
• R 2 is hydrogen or phenyl
• R 3 is phenyl, halo-phenyl, dihalo-phenyl, trihalo-phenyl, 2-naphthyl, 1H-indol-3-yl or 1-lower alkyl-indol-3-yl,
• R 4 ′ and R 4 ′′ are each independently of the other hydrogen or lower alkyl, at least one of the radicals R 4 ′ and R 4 ′′ being hydrogen, and
• R 5 is C 5 -C 7 cycloalkyl, D-azacycloheptan-2-on-3-yl or L-azacycloheptan-2-on-3-yl; and salts thereof.
• the invention relates especially to compounds of formula I wherein
• R is 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-phenyl
• R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 2 is hydrogen or phenyl
• R 3 is phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3,4-dichloro-phenyl, 3,4-difluoro-phenyl, 3-fluoro-4-chloro-phenyl, 3,4,5-trifluoro-phenyl, 2-naphthyl, 1 H-indol-3-yl or 1-methyl-indol-3-yl,
• R 4 ′ and R 4 ′′ are each independently of the other hydrogen or methyl, at least one of the radicals R 4 ′ and R 4 ′′ being hydrogen, and
• R 5 is cyclohexyl, D-azacycloheptan-2-on-3-yl or L-azacycloheptan-2-on-3-yl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the invention relates more especially to compounds of formula I wherein
• R is 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-phenyl
• R 1 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 2 is hydrogen or phenyl
• R 3 is phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3,4-dichloro-phenyl, 2-naphthyl, 1 H-indol-3-yl or 1-methyl-indol-3-yl,
• R 4 ′ and R 4 ′′ are hydrogen
• R 5 is cyclohexyl, D-azacycloheptan-2-on-3-yl or L-azacycloheptan-2-on-3-yl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the invention relates especially to the specific compounds described in the Examples.
• the compounds of formula I can be prepared in a manner known per se, for example by
• R, R 1 -R 3 , R 4 ′, R 4 ′′ and R 5 are each as defined for formula I.
• Process (A) The reaction according to Process (A) corresponds to the N-acylation known per se of primary and secondary amines, that is to say the formation of arylcarboxylic acid amides from the corresponding carboxylic acids, or derivatives thereof, and primary and secondary amines.
• N-acylation known per se of primary and secondary amines, that is to say the formation of arylcarboxylic acid amides from the corresponding carboxylic acids, or derivatives thereof, and primary and secondary amines.
• One of the numerous possible methods that may be mentioned is the N-acylation of a compound of formula II with a carboxylic acid chloride R 1 —COCl, e.g. 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid chloride, for example in the presence of triethylamine and optionally 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP).
• DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
• the compounds of formula II are prepared, for example, as follows: the starting material used is a compound of formula IV
• the alkyl ester is hydrolysed to the carboxylic acid, the radical —NHR 5 is introduced by reaction with the corresponding amine H 2 NR 5 [formation of —C( ⁇ O)—NHR 5 ] and finally the protecting group -Pr is removed.
• a compound of formula IV can be obtained, for example, by using as starting material an alpha-amino acid derivative of formula V
• protecting the free amino group with a protecting group “Pr” [e.g. BOC by reaction with (BOC) 2 O], optionally introducing the group R 1 , for example by N-alkylation, and esterifying the carboxylic acid radical (preferably to form a lower alkyl ester, especially the methyl ester).
• the introduction of the group R 1 and the esterification of the carboxylic acid radical can be carried out also in one step, for example with methyl iodide and Ag 2 O in DMF.
• the carboxylic acid ester is reduced to the corresponding aldehyde Va
• Process (B) The reaction according to Process (B) corresponds to the formation known per se of carboxylic acid amides from the corresponding carboxylic acids, or reactive derivatives thereof, and primary amines.
• a carboxylic acid of formula III corresponds to the formation known per se of carboxylic acid amides from the corresponding carboxylic acids, or reactive derivatives thereof, and primary amines.
• the reaction of a carboxylic acid of formula III with a primary amine H 2 NR 5 for example in the presence of N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP);
• EDC N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride
• DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
• the compounds of formula III are prepared, for example, as follows: starting from a compound of formula IV, the amino-protecting group is removed, for example in the case of BOC by reaction with trifluoroacetic acid, the amino group is acylated with a carboxylic acid R-COOH (e.g. 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-benzoic acid), or with a reactive derivative thereof, [analogously to Process (A)], and finally the alkyl ester group is hydrolysed, for example with LiOH in methanol and THF.
• R-COOH e.g. 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
• a possible starting compound for the Wittig-(Horner) reaction is, for example, an aldehyde of formula Va in which the amino-protecting group is removed and which is then N-acylated with a carboxylic acid R-COOH (e.g. 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-benzoic acid), or with a reactive derivative thereof, [analogously to Process (A)].
• a carboxylic acid R-COOH e.g. 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
• Such an aldehyde can, for example, be reacted with a phosphonoalkanoic acid dialkyl ester amide of the formula (AlkO) 2 P( ⁇ O)—CO—NHR 5 in a Wittig-Horner reaction to form a compound of formula I.
• compounds of formula I wherein R 1 is lower alkyl can be obtained by N-alkylating a compound of formula I wherein R 1 is hydrogen with a compound Y 3 -R 1 wherein Y 3 is hydroxy or reactive esterified hydroxy.
• Reactive esterified hydroxy is, for example, halogen, especially bromine, iodine or chlorine, or sulfonyloxy, for example methylsulfonyloxy or p-toluenesulfonyloxy.
• any intermediates contain interfering reactive groups, for example carboxy, hydroxy, mercapto or amino groups, those groups can temporarily be protected by readily removable protecting groups.
• suitable protecting groups and the manner in which they are introduced and removed are known per se and are described, for example, in J. F. W. McOmie, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, Plenum Press, London, N.Y. 1973.
• Salts of compounds I can be prepared in a manner known per se. For example, acid addition salts of compounds I are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchange reagent, and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchange reagent. Salts of compounds of formula I can be converted into the free compounds I in customary manner: acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic agent or with a suitable ion exchange reagent, and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchange reagent.
• the compounds of formula I including their salts (of salt-forming compounds of formula I), may also be obtained in the form of their hydrates and/or may include other solvents, for example solvents which may have been used for the crystallisation of compounds in solid form.
• the compounds of formula I may be obtain ed in the form of mixtures of stereoisomers, for example mixtures of diastereoisomers or mixtures of enantiomers, such as racemates, or possibly also in the form of pure stereoisomers.
• Mixtures of diastereoisomers obtainable in accordance with the process or by some other method can be separated in customary manner into mixtures of enantiomers, for example racemates, or into individual diastereoisomers, for example on the basis of the physico-chemical differences between the constituents in known manner by fractional crystallisation, distillation and/or chromatography.
• the more active isomer is isolated.
• Mixtures of enantiomers, especially racemates, obtainable in accordance with the process or by some other method can be separated into the individual enantiomers by known methods for example by recrystallisation from an optically active solvent, with the aid of microorganisms, by chromatography and/or by reaction with an optically active auxiliary compound, for example a base, acid or alcohol, to form mixtures of diastereoisomeric salts or functional derivatives, such as esters, separation thereof and freeing of the desired enantiomer.
• an optically active auxiliary compound for example a base, acid or alcohol
• the invention relates also to those forms of the process according to which a compound obtainable as intermediate at any stage of the process is used as starting material and the remaining steps are carried out or a starting material is used in the form of a derivative or salt or, especially, is formed under the reaction conditions.
• the invention relates also to the end products having the (4S)-configuration described in the following Examples, which likewise have a certain action as NK1/NK2 antagonists.
• the invention relates also to the use of the compounds I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the treatment of allergic conditions and diseases, preferably in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable compositions, especially in a method for the therapeutic treatment of the animal or human body, and to such a method of treatment.
• the invention relates likewise to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as active ingredient, and to processes for the manufacture thereof.
• Those pharmaceutical compositions are compositions for enteral, such as oral and also rectal, administration, for parenteral administration, for local administration and especially for administration by inhalation to warm-blooded animals, especially human beings, the compositions comprising the pharmacological active ingredient alone or together with customary pharmaceutical excipients.
• the pharmaceutical compositions comprise (in % by weight), for example, from approximately 0.001% to 100%, preferably from approximately 0.1% to approximately 50%, active ingredient.
• compositions for enteral and parenteral administration are, for example, those in unit dose forms, such as dragées, tablets, capsules or suppositories, and also ampoules. They are manufactured in a manner known per se, for example by means of conventional mixing, granulating, confectioning, dissolving or lyophilising processes.
• pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration can be obtained by combining the active ingredient with solid carriers, optionally granulating a resulting mixture and processing the mixture or granules, if desired or necessary after the addition of suitable excipients, to form tablets or dragée cores.
• Suitable carriers are especially fillers, such as sugars, for example lactose, saccharose, mannitol or sorbitol, cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates, for example tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate, and also binders, such as starch pastes using, for example, corn, wheat, rice or potato starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and, if desired, disintegrators, such as the above-mentioned starches, and also carboxymethyl starch, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.
• fillers such as sugars, for example lactose, saccharose, mannitol or sorbitol, cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates, for example tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate
• binders such as starch pastes using,
• Excipients are especially flow-conditioners and lubricants, for example silicic acid, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof, such as magnesium or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol.
• Dragée cores are provided with suitable, optionally enteric, coatings, there being used inter alia concentrated sugar solutions which may contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide, or coating solutions in suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures or, for the preparation of enteric coatings, solutions of suitable cellulose preparations, such as acetylcellulose phthalate or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate. Dyes or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragée coatings, for example for identification purposes or to indicate different doses of active ingredient.
• compositions are hard gelatin capsules and also soft, sealed capsules consisting of gelatin and a plasticiser, such as glycerol or sorbitol.
• the hard gelatin capsules may comprise the active ingredient in the form of granules, for example in admixture with fillers, such as lactose, binders, such as starches, and/or glidants, such as talc or magnesium stearate, and, if desired, stabilisers.
• the active ingredient is preferably dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, paraffin oil or liquid polyethylene glycols, it likewise being possible to add stabilisers.
• Suitable rectally administrable pharmaceutical compositions are, for example, suppositories that consist of a combination of the active ingredient with a suppository base material.
• Suitable suppository base materials are, for example, natural or synthetic triglycerides, paraffin hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols or higher alkanols. It is also possible to use gelatin rectal capsules which comprise a combination of the active ingredient with a base material.
• Suitable base materials are, for example, liquid triglycerides, polyethylene glycols or paraffin hydrocarbons.
• aqueous solutions of an active ingredient in water-soluble form, and also suspensions of the active ingredient such as corresponding oily injection suspensions
• suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles such as fatty oils, for example sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, for example ethyl oleate or triglycerides, or aqueous injection suspensions which comprise viscosity-increasing substances, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or dextran, and optionally also stabilisers.
• compositions for local administration are, for example, for the topical treatment of the skin: lotions, creams and ointments, that is to say liquid or semi-solid oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions; fatty ointments which are anhydrous; pastes, that is to say creams and ointments having secretion-absorbing powder constituents; gels which are aqueous, have a low water content or contain no water and consist of swellable, gel-forming materials; foams, that is to say liquid oil-in-water emulsions in aerosol form which are administered from pressurised containers; and tinctures having an aqueous-ethanolic base; each of which compositions may comprise further customary pharmaceutical excipients, such as preservatives.
• compositions for local administration are manufactured in a manner known per se by mixing the active ingredient with the pharmaceutical excipients, for example by dissolving or suspending the active ingredient in the base material or, if necessary, in a portion thereof.
• the active ingredient is usually dissolved in that phase prior to emulsification;
• suspensions in which the active ingredient is suspended in the emulsion the active ingredient is mixed with a portion of the base material after emulsification and then added to the remainder of the formulation.
• the dosage of the active ingredient can depend on various factors, such as the activity and duration of action of the active ingredient, the severity of the disease to be treated and its symptoms, the mode of administration, the species, sex, age and weight of the warm-blooded animal and/or its individual condition.
• the daily dose for administration for example oral administration, to a warm-blooded animal weighing about 75 kg is estimated to be from approximately 1 mg to approximately 1000 mg, especially from approximately 5 mg to approximately 200 mg. That dose may be administered, for example, in a single dose or in several part doses of, for example, from 10 to 100 mg.
• the starting materials can be prepared as follows:
• the title compound can be prepared in exactly the same manner as that described in Example 1 but using triethyl-2-phosphono-propionate instead of triethylphosphonoacetic acid ester in sub-step 1d).
• the title compound is obtained in the form of an amorphous colourless solid.
• R f (ethyl acetate) 0.46.
• the starting materials can be prepared as follows:
• a solution of 0.18 g of lithium hydroxide in 1.18 ml of water is added at 0° to a solution of 0.325 g of (4R)-[N-methyl-N-(3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-benzoyl)-amino]-5-(naphth-2-yl)-pent-2-enoic acid ethyl ester in 3 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 3 ml of methanol, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 45 min., neutralised with a small amount of 4N hydrochloric acid and concentrated by evaporation.
• 0.229 ml of 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride are added dropwise at 0° to a solution of 0.327 g of (4R)-N-methyl-amino-5-(naphth-2-yl)-pent-2-enoic acid ethyl ester and 0.48 ml of triethylamine in 5 ml of methylene chloride.
• the reaction mixture is stirred at 20° for 60 min. and concentrated by evaporation.
• the residue is taken up in ethyl acetate, and extracted once with water and twice with brine.
• the combined organic phases are dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation.
• the starting materials can be prepared as follows:
• the title compound can also be prepared starting from racemic D,L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride (instead of D-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride).
• D,L-Tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride is reacted in a manner analogous to that described in Example 1.
• L-3-Amino-epsilon-caprolactam is used in Step 1 b).
• the resulting mixture of diastereoisomers is then separated in a final step by chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate).
• the starting materials can be prepared as follows:
• a solution of 12.8 g of D,L-3-amino-epsilon-caprolactam in 200 ml of abs. ethanol is mixed with a solution of 12.9 g of D-pyroglutamic acid (in 200 ml of abs. ethanol) and left to stand at room temperature for 20 hours.
• the crystals formed there-from are filtered off and dissolved in 50 ml of water.
• R f 0.12 (ethyl acetate).
• L-3-amino-epsilon-caprolactam commercially available, e.g.: Fluka 07257).
• the title compound is prepared in exactly the same manner as that described in Example 14 (and Example 12, respectively) but using triethyl 2-phosphono-propionate instead of triethyl phosphonoacetic acid ester in sub-step 12d).
• the title compound is obtained in the form of an amorphous colourless solid.
• the starting material (R)-N-ethyl-N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-(4-chlorophenyl)-alanine methyl ester can be prepared as follows: 118 mg of sodium hydride (pure) are added in portions at 0° under argon to a solution of 1.4 g of N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-(4-chlorophenyl)-alanine methyl ester in 25 ml of DMF. The mixture is stirred at 0C for 30 min. and at RT for 30 min. Then 1.07 g of ethyl bromide are added and the reaction mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 16 hours.
• reaction mixture is then poured into 200 ml of water and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with diethyl ether.
• the combined organic phases are washed with water and sat. sodium chloride solution, dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated by evaporation.
• the title compound can be prepared in exactly the same manner as that described in Example 12 but starting from (R)-[1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2-oxo-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester instead of (R)-N′-methyl-N′-tert-butyloxy-carbonyl-(4-chlorophenyl)-alaninal.
• R f 0.41 (hexane:ethyl acetate 1:1).
• the starting material, (R)-[1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2-oxo-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester can be prepared as follows: a solution of 0.77 ml of DMSO (in 2.5 ml of methylene chloride) is added dropwise in the course of 5 min. at ⁇ 60° C. under argon to a solution of 0.45 ml of oxalyl chloride (in 10 ml of methylene chloride), and the mixture is then stirred for 15 min.
• the title compound can also be prepared starting from racemic 4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (instead of D-4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester). Racemic 4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester is reacted in a manner analogous to that described in Example 12. In Step b), D-3-amino-epsilon-caprolactam is used, as in Step 12b). The resulting mixture of diastereoisomers is then separated in a final step by chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate).
• the title compound is prepared starting from racemic 3,4-dichlorophenylalanine methyl ester. Racemic 3,4-dichlorophenylalanine methyl ester is reacted in a manner analogous to that described in Example 12[12g)].
• Step b) D-3-amino-epsilon-caprolactam is used, as in Step 12b).
• the mixture of diastereoisomers formed is then separated in a final step by chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate).
• the starting compound is prepared as follows:
• a solution of 14 ml (68 mmol) of phosphonoacetic acid triethyl ester in 130 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added at 0C to a solution of 3.7 g (84 mmol) of 55-65% sodium hydride dispersion (washed three times with pentane) in 130 ml of tetrahydrofuran.
• a solution of 13.6 g (40 mmol) of (1-formyl-2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester in 130 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added dropwise thereto.
• Example A Tablets, each Comprising 50 mg of Active Ingredient
• composition (10000 tablets) active ingredient 500.0 g lactose 500.0 g potato starch 352.0 g gelatin 8.0 g talc 60.0 g magnesium stearate 10.0 g silicon dioxide (highly dispersed) 20.0 g ethanol q.s.
• the active ingredient is mixed with the lactose and 292 g of the potato starch, and the mixture is moistened with an ethanolic solution of the gelatin and granulated through a sieve. After drying, the remainder of the potato starch, the magnesium stearate, the talc and the silicon dioxide are mixed in and the mixture is compressed to form tablets each weigh- ing 145 mg and comprising 50 mg of active ingredient; if desired the tablets may be provided with dividing notches for finer adaptation of the dose.
• Example B Film-coated Tablets, each Comprising 100 mg of Active Ingredient
• composition 1000 film-coated tablets
• active ingredient 100.0 g lactose 100.0 g corn starch 70.0 g talc 8.5 g calcium stearate 1.5 g hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2.36 g shellac 0.64 g water q.s. dichloromethane q.s.
• the active ingredient, the lactose and 40 g of the corn starch are mixed together and the mixture is moistened with a paste prepared from 15 g of corn starch and water (with heating), and granulated.
• the granules are dried and the remainder of the corn starch, the talc and the calcium stearate are mixed with the granules.
• the mixture is compressed to form tablets (weight: each 280 mg) which are then film-coated with a solution of the hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and the shellac in dichloromethane (final weight of each film-coated tablet: 283 mg).
• Example C Hard Gelatin Capsules, each Comprising 100 mg of Active Ingredient
• composition 1000 capsules
• active ingredient 100.0 g lactose 250.0 g microcrystalline cellulose 30.0 g sodium lauryl sulfate 2.0 g magnesium stearate 8.0 g
• the sodium lauryl sulfate is added through a sieve of 0.2 mm mesh size to the lyophilised active ingredient.
• the two components are intimately mixed.
• the lactose is added through a sieve of 0.6 mm mesh size and then the microcrystalline cellulose is added through a sieve of 0.9 mm mesh size. All four components are then intimately mixed for 10 minutes.
• the magnesium stearate is added through a sieve of 0.8 mm mesh size. After further mixing (3 minutes), 390 mg portions of the resulting formulation are introduced into size 0 hard gelatin capsules.
• Example D An Injection or Infusion Solution, Comprising 5 mg of Active Ingredient per 2.5 ml Ampoule
• composition 1000 ampoules
• active ingredient 5.0 g sodium chloride 22.5 g phosphate buffer solution (pH: 7.4)
• demineralised water ad 2500.0 ml
• the active ingredient and the sodium chloride are dissolved in 1000 ml of demineralised water and the solution is filtered through a microfilter.
• the phosphate buffer solution is added to the filtrate and the mixture is made up to 2500 ml with demineralised water.
• 2.5 ml portions of the mixture are introduced into glass ampoules which then each comprise 5 mg of active ingredient.
• Example E An Inhalation Suspension, Comprising Propellant and Forming a Solid Aerosol, that Comprises 0.1% by Weight Active Ingredient
• composition % by weight active ingredient micronised 0.1 sorbitan trioleate 0.5 propellant A (trichlorotrifluoroethane) 4.4 propellant B (dichlorodifluoromethane and 15.0 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane) 80.0
• the active ingredient is suspended in trichlorotrifluoroethane, with the addition of the sorbitan trioleate, using a conventional homogeniser and the suspension is introduced into an aerosol container equipped with a metering valve. The container is closed and filled up with propellant B under pressure.

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