US5070290A - Alternating current motor control system with emergency control responsive to failure of power supply - Google Patents

Alternating current motor control system with emergency control responsive to failure of power supply Download PDF

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Publication number
US5070290A
US5070290A US07/314,356 US31435689A US5070290A US 5070290 A US5070290 A US 5070290A US 31435689 A US31435689 A US 31435689A US 5070290 A US5070290 A US 5070290A
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signal
power
machine
providing
responsive
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US07/314,356
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English (en)
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Masao Iwasa
Masayuki Mori
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Otis Elevator Co
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Otis Elevator Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/06—Controlling the motor in four quadrants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a control system for an alternating current motor, such as an induction motor. More specifically, the invention relates to a control system including an inverter circuit, for driving an induction motor of an elevator hoist. Further particularly, the invention relates to an inverter circuit for an elevator driving induction motor which assumes an emergency control mode upon power failure, such as service interruption and so forth.
  • driving power which is variable of voltage and frequency is applied for accelerating and decelerating an induction motor which drives the elevator cage.
  • the amount of driving power to be applied to the induction motor is controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) and by maintaining the current level to be applied to the inverter constant.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the inverters are disabled in response to service interruption or phase interruption. Mechanical brakes are then applied for stopping the elevator cage. Since the inverter in such conventional drive systems is not in operation during emergency control operation triggered by service interruptions or phase interruption, the inertia energy of the elevator is absorbed solely by the mechanical brake. As a consequence, the mechanical brake employed in the emergency control of the elevator drive system must be a heavy duty device which is rather bulky.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a drive system for an elevator driving an induction in a regenerative mode motor which can reduce the load on the mechanical brake that stops the elevator and thus can allow the mechanical brake to be made compact.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a drive system for a regenerative induction motor which can protect switching elements in an inverter circuit of the drive system from excessive voltage or excessive current from the power source.
  • a control system for an alternating current motor such as an induction motor used for elevator hoisting, performs emergency control in response to failure of the power supply, such as in a service interruption, phase disruption and so forth, performs in first emergency control mode and in second emergency control mode.
  • first emergency control mode operation a dynamic brake is used for decelerating the motor.
  • second emergency mode is only triggered while the motor is being driven in regeneration mode to recirculate regenerated power to decelerate the motor.
  • a mechanical brake is applied.
  • the power supply condition is monitored to detect failure of the power supply and switching control mode from the second emergency control mode to the first emergency control mode.
  • Switching of emergency control mode from the second emergency control mode to the first emergency control mode assures synchronous operation of an inverter and the motor after resumption of the motor in case the power failure only occurs for a short period, such as in a temporary service interruption.
  • a control system for an alternating current motor which is selectively driven in either a power mode in which alternating current power is supplied thereto and a regeneration mode in which power is regenerated therein, comprises first means, connected to an alternating power source, for converting alternating current power into direct current power; second means, connected to the first means to receive therefrom the converted direct current power, for converting the direct current power into a controlled frequency and amplitude of alternating current to supply to the alternating current motor; third means, associated with the second means and responsive to one of the levels of current and voltage exceeding a predetermined level in the first means during regeneration mode operation of the induction motor to perform dynamic braking; fourth means associated with the alternating current motor, for applying a mechanical brake; fifth means, incorporated in the first means, for recirculating regenerated power from the alternating current motor operating in the regeneration mode via the second means; and sixth means for controlling the second means to drive the motor at an adjustable speed, the sixth means including a first emergency control means responsive to a power failure for dis
  • a control system for controlling .an induction motor which is selectively driven in a power mode with alternating current power is supplied thereto and a regeneration mode in which power is regenerated therein, comprises a converter connected to a source of AC power for converting the AC power into DC power, an inverter connected through relatively positive and negative conductors to the converter for inverting the DC power into AC output power having adjustable frequency, voltage magnitude and current magnitude to drive the motor, the converter including regeneration means controlled to permit flow of power from the inverter to the power source during regenerative conditions, an electric resistor, a control circuit for controlling the inverter to drive the motor at an adjustable speed, the control circuit including a first emergency control means responsive to a power failure for disabling the fifth means to prevent flow of the regenerated power to the power source and reducing the current magnitude of the second means output power to a predetermined minimum limit low enough to maintain a synchronous relationship between the inverter and the motor, for dynamically braking the motor when the power failure continues for a
  • the induction motor control system may further comprise a third detector connected between the power source and the regenerating means for monitoring current level of the regenerated power to produce a second detector signal in response to the monitored current level exceeding a given current value, and a second detector connected between the converter and inverter for monitoring voltage of power supplied from the power source to produce a first detector signal in response to the monitored voltage exceeding a given voltage value, and the second emergency control means of the control circuit is responsive to one of the first and second detector signals to perform emergency control operation.
  • the second emergency control means of the control circuit checks the first and second detector signals for a predetermined second period of time in which the mechanical brake is held inactive.
  • the induction motor is used as an elevator cage hoisting motor for driving an elevator cage, and the first and second emergency control means, while in operation, control the induction motor to stop the elevator cage at a predetermined position.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing one embodiment of an alternating current motor control apparatus made in accordance with the invention
  • FIGS. 2A to 2H are graphic illustrations used in explaining the operation of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a routine to be triggered in response to excessive voltage or excessive current in a converter circuit of the alternating current motor control system of FIG. 1, for performing emergency control.
  • a converter system 20 includes input conductors 11, 12 and 13 for receiving electric power from a suitable three-phase AC power source 10, such as a commercial power source.
  • the input conductors 11, 12 and 13 carry the three-phase AC power to a three-phase power rectifier 21 which is operative to convert AC power to DC power for energizing a DC link shown as the relatively positive conductor 22 and the relatively negative conductor 23.
  • the power rectifier 21 is shown as including a plurality of parallel pairs of series-connected diodes.
  • a capacitor 24 spans the DC link for smoothing the rectified power. The DC power across the smoothing capacitor 24 is applied to respective DC input terminals 30a and 30b of a power inverter 30.
  • the inverter 30 is shown as including a plurality of parallel pairs of series-connected power transistor circuits arranged and controlled to convert the DC input power into three-phase AC output power having adjustable frequency and voltage magnitude.
  • Each of the power transistor circuits has known structure including a power transistor.
  • Each of the power transistor circuits has its base or control electrode coupled to a control circuit 50 which supplies the power transistors with cyclic gate pulses to turn on the power transistors in a predetermined sequence and at a desired frequency.
  • the power transistor-based power inverter may be replaced with other types of inverter circuits, such as a thyristor inverter, GTO inverter and so forth.
  • the three-phase AC output is supplied through output conductors 31, 32 and 33 to a three-phase induction motor 40 which is used to drive an elevator passenger cage 34.
  • the induction motor 40 can be propelled (motoring or power mode) or retarded (braking mode) as desired by appropriately varying the frequency and the amplitude of the excitation that the inverter 30 applies to the induction motor 40.
  • the control circuit 50 regulates and controls the operation of the inverter 30 in programmed response to a plurality of input signals which may comprise a signal representing the desired motor speed and a feedback signal representative of the actual motor speed.
  • the control circuit 50 utilizes a pulse width modulation (PWM) control technique to produce gating pulses so as to periodically switch the respective power transistors of .the inverter 30 in accordance with a speed pattern programmed into the control circuit 50.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the AC power generated by the inverter is supplied to the induction motor 40 for driving the elevator cage.
  • the induction motor 40 upon braking of the induction motor 40 for stopping the elevator cage wherein the inverter 30 operates in regeneration mode, regenerated power from the induction motor recirculates through the inverter and is absorbed by a dynamic brake circuit including a regenerated power absorbing resistor 60 and a switching transistor 62.
  • the regenerated power of the induction motor 40 is also absorbed by the smoothing capacitor 24.
  • the converter system 20 also includes a plurality of parallel pairs of series-connected power transistors arranged and controlled to feed the regenerated current to the AC power source 10.
  • each of the power transistors has its base or controlled electrode coupled to the control circuit 50.
  • These power transistors may be replaced with silicon controlled rectifiers or other switching elements to obtain the same result.
  • the control circuit 50 operates on regulated DC power supplied from a constant-voltage regulated power source (PS) 52 which is supplied with DC power from the converter system 20.
  • the control circuit 50 receives input from various detection circuits including a power failure detection circuit (PF) 54, a voltage shortage detection circuit (VS) 56 and a regenerated current detection circuit (RC) 58.
  • the power failure detection circuit 54 has three inputs connected to the respective input conductors 11, 12 and 13 for producing a power failure indication signal NV when a power failure such as service interruption, open-phase, or the like occurs.
  • the voltage shortage detection circuit 56 has two inputs connected to the respective positive and negative conductors 22 and 23 for producing a voltage shortage indication signal UV when a voltage drop appears in the AC power source 10 or the inverter system 20.
  • the overcurrent detection circuit 58 is connected to input conductors 11 and 13 for monitoring current level during regeneration mode operation to produce an overcurrent indicative signal OC when regenerated current in excess of a predetermined value is detected. These signals NV, UV and OC are applied to the control circuit 50.
  • the smoothing capacitor 24 is connected in parallel with the dynamic brake circuit including the resistor 60 and the switching transistor 62.
  • the switching transistor 62 has a base or controlled electrode connected to the output of an AND gate 64.
  • the AND gate 64 on a line 65a has an input connected to the control circuit 50 and another input connected to an overvoltage detection circuit (OV) 66.
  • the overvoltage detection circuit 66 has two inputs connected to the positive and negative conductors 22 and 23 for producing an overvoltage indication signal OV in the form of a high-level signal to the AND gate 64 when an overvoltage appears at the output of the converter system 20.
  • the switching transistor 62 may be replaced with a silicon controlled rectifier or other switching element.
  • the control circuit 50 In response to the power failure indication signal NV or the voltage shortage indication signal UV, the control circuit 50 carries out the following controls. First, the control circuit 50 controls the power transistors of the converter system 20 on a line 50b to interrupt the regenerated current flow to the AC power source 10. This is effective to protect the power transistors from breakage due to excessive current flow caused when a power failure occurs during a regenerative condition. Second, the control circuit 50 controls the inverter 30 on a line 50a to reduce its output current to a predetermined minimum limit low enough to maintain the synchronous relationship between the inverter 30 and the induction motor 40.
  • control circuit 50 produces a high-level signal on a line 67 to open the AND gate 64.
  • the output of the AND gate 64 changes to its high level, turning on the power transistor 62 so as to connect the braking resistor 60 cross the capacitor 24 when the overvoltage detection
  • FIGS. 2A to 2H and 3 The operation of the invention may be better understood by the following discussion with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2H and 3. It is assumed that a power failure occurs at time t 0 , as shown in FIG. 2B, during the motoring mode operation where the control circuit 50 controls the inverter 30 to drive the induction motor 40 at a target speed Ns, as shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the power failure detection circuit 54 or the voltage shortage detection circuit 56 produces a signal indicative of the power failure to the control circuit 50, as shown in FIG. 2D.
  • the control circuit 50 by means of the signal on line 50b turns off the power transistors of the converter system 20 to prevent regenerated current flow to the AC power source 10, as shown in FIG. 2F.
  • the control circuit 50 controls the inverter 30 by means of the signal on line 50b to reduce the output current to the induction motor 40 to a predetermined minimum limit low enough to maintain the synchronous relationship between the inverter 30 and the induction motor 40, as shown in FIG. 2H. At the same time, the control circuit 50 feed, a high-level signal on the line 67 to the AND gate 64.
  • the dynamic brake circuit may be associated with fail-safe system therefor as described in the co-pending.
  • U.S. application Ser. No. 07/305,123 filed on Oct. 24, 1988 claiming priority from PCT Application PCT/JP88/00212 filed on Feb. 26, 1988 and Japanese Utility Model Application No. 62-27786 filed on Feb. 26, 1987.
  • the disclosure of the above-identified co-pending PCT Application will be herein incorporated by reference for the sake of disclosure.
  • the control circuit 50 controls the AND gate 64 to shut (removing the signal on the line 67) with a low level signal thereto Thus, the switching transistor 62 is turned off to render the dynamic brake circuit non-conductive At the same time, dynamic braking applied to the induction motor 40 is cause to cease.
  • the control circuit 50 detects the duration of the power failure exceeding the predetermined time T D at a time t 4 , as shown in FIG.
  • the overvoltage detection circuit 66 detects this excessive voltage and generates the overvoltage indication signal OV. Since the AND gate 64 has been opened, the overvoltage indication signal OV changes the output of the AND gate 64 to its high level, turning on the power transistor 62 to connect the braking resistor 60 across the capacitor 24, at a time t 2 .
  • the braking resistor 60 serves to absorb energy generated by dynamic braking so as to decelerate the induction motor 40 and reduce the regenerated current.
  • the overvoltage detection circuit 66 stops generating the overvoltage indication signal OV and turns off the power transistor 62 so as to continue the dynamic braking.
  • a mechanical braking means 35, 35a, 35b is actuated by means of a braking signal on a line 36 which is used to bring the elevator to a stop by means of a signal 36 from the control circuit 50.
  • the inverter 30 operates in a normal manner except for its output current being at a predetermined minimum limit.
  • the power failure indication signal ceases at time t 3 , as shown by the broken line of FIG. 2D, and thus, the control circuit 50 controls the inverter 30 to return its output current to its initial magnitude, as shown by the broken line of FIG. 2H, and turns on the power transistors of the converter system 20 to permit flow of regenerated current to the AC power source 10, is shown by the broken line of FIG. 2F.
  • the control circuit 50 holds the AND gate 64 closed to prevent the dynamic braking function of the braking resistor 60, as shown by the broken line of FIG. 2G.
  • the control circuit 50 is responsive to a power failure for stopping the regeneration function and reducing the inverter output current to a predetermined minimum level low enough to maintain a synchronous relationship between the inverter 30 and the induction motor 40. If the power failure ceases within the predetermined time T D , the control circuit 50 returns the inverter 30 to its normal operation mode. Otherwise, the control circuit 50 commands the induction motor 40 to operate in dynamic braking mode. If the power failure occurs during a regenerative condition, the overvoltage detector 66 will produce an overvoltage indication signal to start the dynamic braking operation of the induction motor before the lapse of the time T D so that the induction motor 40 can be stopped.
  • the control circuit 50 may maintain normal mode control while the system is operating in regeneration mode.
  • An emergency stop operation is performed in the converter circuit 20 and the inverter circuit 30 when excessive voltage or excessive current is detected, to protect the power transistors in the converter circuit and the inverter circuit.
  • the induction motor 40 is decelerated to a stop by means of the mechanical brake or combination of the mechanical brake and dynamic brake. This tends to destroy the synchronous relationship between the inverter 30 and the induction motor 40. Therefore, if this is performed as in the prior art, synchronous operation after temporary interruption of service becomes impossible.
  • the preferred embodiment of the induction motor driving system performs an emergency control operation according to the routine shown in FIG. 3, when abnormality of the power source is detected during regeneration mode operation.
  • the control circuit 50 is responsive to the overcurrent indicative signal OC from the regenerated current detection circuit 58 and/or the overcurrent indicative signal OV from the overvoltage detection circuit 66 during regeneration mode operation of the system, to initiate emergency control operation according to the routine of FIG. 3.
  • the emergency control operation is initiated in response to overvoltage or overcurrent in the converter 20.
  • the mechanical brake is applied to the induction motor 40 or to the elevator cage for deceleration, at step 102.
  • the signal level of the power failure indicative signal NV is cyclically checked at step 104.
  • the emergency control in response to the power failure as discussed in connection with the timing chart of FIG. 2 is performed at a step 106.
  • step 108 when power failure is not detected as checked at the step 104, elapsed time is checked at a step 108.
  • the process of the step 104 is performed again. Therefore, within the given period, the steps 104 and 108 are cyclically and repeatedly performed for detecting failure of the power source 10 during deceleration. If failure of the power source 10 is not detected during the given period through the process in the steps 104 and 108, mechanical braking is continued in an active manner and braking force may be increased to stop the induction motor 40, at a step 110.
  • the abnormality of the power source 10 such as interruption of service, phase open and so forth can always be detected even when the system operates in regeneration mode. Therefore, upon detection of the power failure, power failure responsive emergency control as discussed in connection with the timing chart of FIG. 2 can be performed. This avoids the necessity of emergency stopping of the induction motor in response to abnormality of the power source. Furthermore, by performing the power failure responsive emergency control, synchronous operation of the inverter circuit and the induction motor can be maintained even if the power is temporarily interrupted.
  • the shown embodiment simply resumes synchronous operation of the induction motor and the inverter upon resumption of the power supply after temporary service interruption, it may be possible to accelerate the motor upon resumption of the service or to temporarily stop the motor and thereafter re-start the motor.
  • the motor driving pattern upon resumption of the interrupted power can be freely selected.
  • the hoisting direction of the elevator cage upon detection of abnormality of the power supply, requires driving torque in regeneration mode, it may be possible in emergency control mode to stop the elevator cage at the nearest floor.
  • the motor driving speed pattern for deceleration and braking torque may be controlled in emergency control mode for stopping the elevator cage at a position where the elevator door can be safely opened and closed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
US07/314,356 1987-05-20 1988-05-20 Alternating current motor control system with emergency control responsive to failure of power supply Expired - Fee Related US5070290A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62-124959 1987-05-20
JP62124959A JPH0697875B2 (ja) 1987-05-20 1987-05-20 エレベ−タ駆動用インバ−タ

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US (1) US5070290A (fi)
EP (1) EP0314812B1 (fi)
JP (1) JPH0697875B2 (fi)
AU (1) AU602094B2 (fi)
BR (1) BR8807060A (fi)
DE (1) DE3882902T2 (fi)
FI (1) FI100148B (fi)
WO (1) WO1988009584A1 (fi)

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AU602094B2 (en) 1990-09-27
DE3882902T2 (de) 1993-11-18
JPS63290197A (ja) 1988-11-28
JPH0697875B2 (ja) 1994-11-30
WO1988009584A1 (en) 1988-12-01
FI100148B (fi) 1997-09-30
AU1783288A (en) 1988-12-21
BR8807060A (pt) 1989-10-31
EP0314812B1 (en) 1993-08-04
FI890242A (fi) 1989-01-17
DE3882902D1 (de) 1993-09-09
FI890242A0 (fi) 1989-01-17
EP0314812A1 (en) 1989-05-10

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