US20180368446A1 - Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof - Google Patents

Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20180368446A1
US20180368446A1 US16/062,561 US201616062561A US2018368446A1 US 20180368446 A1 US20180368446 A1 US 20180368446A1 US 201616062561 A US201616062561 A US 201616062561A US 2018368446 A1 US2018368446 A1 US 2018368446A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
foodstuff
gram
fed
protein
fat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/062,561
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Allaway
Adrian Hewson-Hughes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mars Inc
Original Assignee
Mars Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mars Inc filed Critical Mars Inc
Assigned to MARS, INCORPORATED reassignment MARS, INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HEWSON-HUGHES, ADRIAN, ALLAWAY, DAVID
Publication of US20180368446A1 publication Critical patent/US20180368446A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A23K50/42—Dry feed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A23K50/48—Moist feed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
    • A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
    • A23V2200/316—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health having an effect on regeneration or building of ligaments or muscles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of determining the levels of 3-methylhistidine before and after a meal in a companion animal, wherein the meal is a pet foodstuff having a particular protein to fat ratio, which is useful in decreasing the levels of 3-methylhistidine post-prandially and having the beneficial effects as described herein.
  • the pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein to fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the pet foodstuff described is fed to a companion animal for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia.
  • the present invention also relates to methods of feeding the pet foodstuff described and/or dietary regimes to provide the companion animal with the benefit of reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia.
  • Skeletal muscle In addition to its' functional structural and mechanical roles, skeletal muscle also plays a central role in whole body metabolism. Skeletal muscle serves as the principal reservoir for amino acids that can maintain protein synthesis in vital tissues and organs particularly during the post-absorptive state and in fasting/starvation. During fasting in humans, amino acids derived from skeletal muscle not only provide substrate for protein synthesis, but also as precursors for glucose synthesis via hepatic gluconeogenesis. It has been suggested that in cats, gluconeogenesis is not just a response to fasting, but rather a pathway that is constitutively active in order to provide glucose to essential organs such as the brain in a species that has evolved on a natural diet (small animal prey) that is relatively devoid of carbohydrate.
  • Cats may be prone to sarcopenia because of other known metabolic adaptations of cats such as high protein oxidation rates and increased protein turnover. Therefore, an adequate skeletal muscle mass is essential to supply required amino acids in order to maintain the protein turnover of vital tissues and organs in the post-absorptive state and potentially to provide substrate for gluconeogenesis in both fed and fasted states.
  • 3-methylhistidine is a direct measure of actomyosin degradation that is not recycled for intermediary metabolism or protein synthesis and so is often used as a marker of skeletal muscle breakdown (Nedergaard, et al., 2013).
  • the invention relates to a method comprising the following steps: (a) feeding a companion animal, preferably a cat, a foodstuff comprising a protein to fat ratio of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis, and (b) measuring the level of 3 methyl histidine in a blood sample from the companion animal before and after feeding the foodstuff, wherein a reduction and/or maintenance in 3 methyl histidine levels post-prandially is indicative of a foodstuff for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia in the companion animal.
  • the companion animal preferably is a cat, in particular a cat that is of senior age, for example at least above 8 years of age.
  • the levels of 3-methylhistidine are measured at least once between an hour or immediately before the foodstuff is fed to the companion animal, preferably a cat, and at least once between at least 30 minutes to 5 hours after the foodstuff has been fed to the companion animal, preferably a cat.
  • the foodstuff may have a protein to fat ratio of about 1:0.33 to 1:0.55 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the foodstuff may have a protein to fat ratio of about 1:0.45 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the foodstuff may have a protein to fat ratio of about 1:0.37 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the foodstuff is preferably a nutritionally balanced pet foodstuff. In particular, the foodstuff has a low caloric density.
  • the method further comprises a step of formulating a foodstuff comprising a protein to fat ratio of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis prior to feeding the companion animal (i.e. a cat) the foodstuff.
  • the invention also relates to a dietary regime comprising a first stage pet food stuff and a second stage pet foodstuff, wherein the first stage pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and the foodstuff has a first caloric density and wherein the second stage pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and the foodstuff has a second caloric density for feeding a companion animal, preferably a cat, for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia, wherein first stage pet foodstuff is for feeding to a companion animal, preferably a cat, from the age of 1 to approximately 8 years of age and wherein the second stage pet foodstuff is for feeding to a companion animal, preferably a cat, above 8 years of age and wherein the second caloric density is less than the first caloric density.
  • the first stage or second stage foodstuff may have a protein to fat ratio of about 1:0.33 to 1:0.55 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the foodstuff of the first stage or second stage may have a protein to fat ratio of about 1:0.45 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the foodstuff of the first stage or second stage may have a protein to fat ratio of about 1:0.37 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the invention further relates to a kit comprising a first stage pet foodstuff and a second stage pet food stuff, and a package for separately housing the first stage pet foodstuff and the second stage pet foodstuff, wherein the first stage pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and has a first caloric density, and wherein the second stage pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and has a second caloric density, wherein the second caloric density is less than the first caloric density and wherein the first stage pet foodstuff is for feeding to a companion animal, preferably a cat, from the age of 1 to approximately 8 years of age and wherein the second stage pet foodstuff is for feeding to a companion animal, preferably a cat, above 8 years of age, for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia.
  • the kit may further comprise an insert placed in the second stage pet foodstuff compartment including feeding instructions.
  • the invention further relates to a kit comprising a pet foodstuff comprising a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and has a high caloric density and instructions for feeding the companion animal, preferably a cat, from the age of 8 (i.e. of senior age) a pet foodstuff comprising a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and has a low caloric density.
  • the pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and is for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia in a companion animal. Reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia is indicated by a reducing and/or maintain the levels of 3-methylhistidine in blood sample of the companion animal.
  • the companion animal is a cat, preferably the companion animal is of senior age, most preferably a cat of senior age (8 years or above).
  • the foodstuff is preferably a complete and a nutritionally balanced pet foodstuff.
  • the invention relates to a method of reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia in a companion animal, wherein the companion animal is fed a pet foodstuff comprising a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis. Reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia is indicated by a reducing and/or maintain the levels of 3-methylhistidine in blood sample of the companion animal.
  • the companion animal is a cat, preferably the companion animal is of senior age, most preferably a cat of senior age (8 years or above).
  • the pet foodstuff for use and/or used in the methods described for preventing and/or reducing sarcopenia in companion animals is a complete and a nutritionally balanced pet foodstuff.
  • the pet foodstuff may further comprise one or more nutrients selected from group (a) and group (b), wherein the nutrients in group (a) are aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine or proline and the nutrients in group (b) are myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid.
  • the pet foodstuff comprises one nutrient from group (a) and one nutrient from group (b) and comprises a ratio of 1:0.006 to 1:4.5 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis or wherein the pet foodstuff comprises two nutrients selected from group (a) and two nutrients selected from group (b) and comprises a ratio of 1:0.014 to 1:3.5 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis or wherein the pet foodstuff comprises three nutrients selected from group (a) and three nutrients selected from group (b) and comprises a ratio of 1:0.025 to 1:2.5 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the invention relates to a dietary regime for feeding a companion animal for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia, wherein the companion animal is fed a combination of at least two pet foodstuffs, wherein one pet foodstuff is wet or dry and comprises a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and the second pet foodstuff is wet or dry and comprises a protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis, wherein when combined the companion animal is fed an overall ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the present inventors have discovered that the content and proportions of dietary protein and fat in a meal have an impact on the levels of the metabolite 3-methylhistidine and that such stabilization and/or reduction in this biomarker can directly be associated with reducing and/or preventing skeletal muscle breakdown and loss of skeletal muscle mass in the companion animal (i.e. sarcopenia)
  • the invention relates to a method of determining the level of 3-methylhistidine before and after a meal in a companion animal, wherein the meal is a pet foodstuff having a particular protein to fat ratio which is useful in reducing the levels of 3-methylhistidine post-prandially and having the beneficial effects as described herein.
  • the method of the invention comprises the following steps of: (a) feeding a companion animal a foodstuff comprising a protein to fat ratio of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis (i.e. the pet foodstuff as described herein), and (b) measuring the level of 3-methylhistidine in a blood sample from the companion animal before and after feeding the foodstuff, wherein a reduction in 3-methylhistidine post-prandially is indicative of a foodstuff for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia in the companion animal.
  • the purpose of the method of the invention is to provide a diagnosis that the pet foodstuff is the factor providing the effect of reducing the levels of 3-methylhistidine in the companion animal and thus such pet foodstuff can be useful in providing the beneficial effects of reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia in the companion animal.
  • the present invention relates, for all aspects, to any companion animal.
  • the present invention relates to a companion animal such as a dog or a cat.
  • the companion animal is a cat.
  • the pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein to fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the inventors have surprisingly discovered that feeding a companion animal a pet foodstuff having a protein to fat ratio of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis is beneficial in preventing and/or reducing sarcopenia in companion animals.
  • the present invention demonstrates that there is a reduced fasting level and no post-prandial increase in the plasma levels of the skeletal muscle breakdown biomarker 3-methylhistidine by feeding a companion animal, in particular cats, a pet foodstuff comprising a ratio of protein to fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • 3-methylhistidine is a well-known biomarker which provides a direct measure of muscle breakdown and/or muscle mass in a mammal.
  • a diet that reduces the extent of muscle breakdown in both the fasted and post-prandial state will help support muscle mass. Maintaining muscle mass has many benefits as muscle has a number of important metabolic as well as locomotor functions.
  • the pet foodstuff as described provides this benefit.
  • the present invention shows that when a companion animal is fed pet foodstuff comprising a ratio of protein to fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis, as described in the present invention, the post-prandial levels of 3-methylhistidine are reduced and therefore stabilized.
  • This reduction in 3-methylhistidine biomarker is indicative that the pet foodstuff as described provides the companion animal with the benefit to reduce their skeletal muscle breakdown and/or prevent loss of skeletal muscle mass in order to maintain healthy locomotor function, appropriate metabolic function and optimal quality of life.
  • skeletal muscle breakdown The benefits of reducing skeletal muscle breakdown are that normal skeletal muscle mass can be maintained for longer in the lifespan of the animal contributing to the avoidance of weakness, frailty and reduced activity commonly associated with aging in companion animals. Preventing/reducing skeletal muscle breakdown is also beneficial because an adequate skeletal muscle mass is essential to supply required amino acids in order to maintain the protein turnover of vital tissues and organs in the post-absorptive state and potentially to provide substrate for gluconeogenesis in both fed and fasted states.
  • the pet foodstuff can be fed to a companion animal of any age.
  • the pet foodstuff can be fed to a senior companion animal.
  • a dog or a cat is considered to be senior when the animal is aged above 8 years.
  • the present invention is fed to a senior cat.
  • Sarcopenia loss of muscle mass/strength is common in ageing in companion animals, in particular cats are prone to suffering from sarcopenia.
  • the present invention can therefore be used to prevent sarcopenia in the companion animal and/or reduce the effects of sarcopenia in a companion animal, in particular of senior age.
  • the pet foodstuff describe herein is for use in preventing and/or reducing sarcopenia, in particular reducing muscle breakdown in a companion animal.
  • the pet foodstuff can be fed to a companion animal of any age and at any stage of the companion animal's life.
  • the pet foodstuff described herein is fed to a companion animal when reach 5 years and/or senior age of above 8 years old, for example the companion animal can be fed any foodstuff until they reach 5 years and then switch to the pet foodstuff described herein to aid reduce the effects of sarcopenia at later stages of the companion's life.
  • the pet foodstuff described herein may comprise a ratio of protein to fat on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis that may range from 1:0.27 to 1:0.63, 1:0.28 to 1:0.62, 1:0.29 to 1:0.61, 1:0.30 to 1:0.60, 1:0.31 to 1:0.59, 1:0.32 to 1:0.58, 1:0.33 to 1:0.57, 1:0.34 to 1:0.56, 1:0.35 to 1:0.55, 1:0.36 to 1:0.54, 1:0.37 to 1:0.53, 1:0.38 to 1:0.52, 1:0.39 to 1:0.51, 1:0.40 to 1:0.50, 1:0.41 to 1:0.49, 1:0.42 to 1:0.48, 1:0.43 to 1:0.47, 1:0.44 to 1:0.46, and/or combinations thereof.
  • the pet foodstuff may preferably comprise a protein to fat ratio ranging from 1:0.33 to 1:0.55 on a gram:gram as fed or a dry matter basis.
  • the pet foodstuff may comprise a protein to fat ratio that can be selected from 1:0.27, 1:0.28, 1:0.29, 1:0.30, 1:0.31, 1:0.32, 1:0.33, 1:0.34, 1:0.35, 1:0.36, 1:0.37, 1:0.38, 1:0.39, 1:0.40, 1:0.41, 1:0.42, 1:0.43, 1:0.44, 1:0.45, 1:0.46, 1:0.47, 1:0.48, 1:0.49, 1:0.50, 1:0.51, 1:0.52, 1:0.53, 1:0.54, 1:0.55, 1:0.56, 1:0.57, 1:0.58, 1:0.59, 1:0.60, 1:0.61, 1:0.62, or 1:0.63.
  • the pet foodstuff preferably has a protein to fat ratio of about and/or approximately 1:0.45 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis, most preferably the foodstuff has a protein to fat ratio of about and/or approximately 1:0.37 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the pet foodstuff as described herein can consist of a protein to fat ratio of about 1:0.33 to 1:0.55 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the pet foodstuff as described herein can preferably consist of a protein to fat ratio of about 1:0.45 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis or most preferably of a protein to fat ratio of about 1:0.37 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the pet foodstuff can be a complete and nutritionally balanced pet food product.
  • the foodstuff can be any type which is consumed by the companion animal, such as dry product, semi moist product, wet food product or a liquid and includes any food supplement, snack or treat.
  • the pet foodstuff may be in the form of a dry foodstuff or wet foodstuff.
  • the foodstuff of the first aspect of the invention is, in particular, a nutritionally balanced food product and/or food supplement, for example a pet product and/or pet supplement.
  • the foodstuff is preferably a pet product.
  • a product is preferably sold as a product for feeding/administering to a companion animal, in particular a cat or dog.
  • the content of protein and/or fat in the pet foodstuff can be any measure and/or weight percentage of the pet foodstuff desired, provided that the final ratio of protein to fat is of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 gram:gram as fed basis or dry matter basis.
  • a typical dry pet foodstuff contains about 10-40% crude protein and about 5-40% fat, the remainder being carbohydrate, including dietary fibre and ash.
  • a typical wet or moist product contains (on a dry matter basis) about 40% fat, 50% protein and the remainder being fibre and ash.
  • the foodstuff may be a dry product (with approximately 5 to approximately 15% moisture), a semi-moist product (with approximately 15 to approximately 70% moisture) or a wet product (with approximately 70 to approximately 90% moisture).
  • the content of protein and/or fat in the pet foodstuff can be any measure and/or weight percentage of the pet foodstuff desired, provided that the final ratio of protein to fat is of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 as fed basis or dry matter basis.
  • a wet pet foodstuff may comprise a ratio of protein to fat on a gram:gram as fed ranging from 1:0.27 to 1:0.63, wherein the content of protein is 10 g/100 g as fed basis then the content of fat can be 2.7 g/100 g to 6.3 g/100 as fed basis, most preferably about 4.5 g/100 g as fed basis.
  • the pet foodstuff may be a dry pet foodstuff comprising a ratio of protein to fat on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis ranging from 1:0.27 to 1:0.63, wherein the content of protein is 32 g/100 g on an as fed basis then the content of fat can be 8.6 g/100 g to 20.2 g/100 g on an as fed basis, most preferably about 14.4 g/100 g as fed basis.
  • the foodstuff is preferably a cooked product. It may incorporate meat or animal derived material (such as beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, fish, blood plasma, marrow bone etc. or one or more thereof).
  • the product alternatively may be meat free (preferably including a meat substitute such as soya, maize gluten or a soya product) in order to provide a protein source.
  • the foodstuff may contain additional protein sources such as soya protein concentrate, milk proteins, gluten etc.
  • the foodstuff may also contain a fat source such as one or more of chicken fat, turkey fat, beef fat, duck fat, pork fat, lamb fat, etc., fish oil, sunflower oil, vegetable oil, etc.
  • the foodstuff may also contain a starch source such as one or more grains (e.g. wheat, corn, rice, oats, barley etc.), or may be starch free.
  • the pet foodstuff preferably has a low caloric density.
  • Caloric density (or energy density) of a food is a measurement of the average calories per weight (gram or ounce) of that food. Foods that are low in calorie density tend to be high in water and low in fat.
  • the foodstuff may also comprise bulking agents, such as non-digestible fibre or carbohydrate to comprise the caloric density required.
  • the foodstuff may be used alone or may be used in combination with a complete and balanced food which provides all the recommended vitamins and minerals for the companion animal in questions, for example, as described in National Research Council, 2006, Nutrient Requirements for Dogs and Cats, National Academy Press, Washington D.C. (ISBN:0-309-08628-0); or Association of American Feed Control Officials, Official Publication 2015.
  • the present description includes a method for preparing the pet foodstuffs as described herein.
  • the process for the manufacture of the foodstuff as described herein can be made according to any method known in the art.
  • the remaining components of the foodstuff are not essential to the invention and typical standard products can be included.
  • the combined ingredients of the foodstuff according to the invention can provide all of the recommended vitamins and minerals for the particular animal in question (a complete and balanced food).
  • the pet foodstuff may include one or more nutrients selected from group (a) and group (b), wherein the nutrients in group (a) are aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine or proline and the nutrients in group (b) are myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid.
  • the pet foodstuff may be any combination of nutrients from group (a) and group (b).
  • the pet foodstuff may comprise aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine or proline or any combination thereof and myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid or any combination thereof.
  • the pet foodstuff may include one nutrient from group (a) (i.e. are aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine or proline) and one nutrient from group (b) (i.e. myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid).
  • group (a) i.e. are aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine or proline
  • group (b) i.e. myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid.
  • the nutrients can be provided in a ratio of the group (a) nutrient to the Group (b) nutrient of 1:0.006 to 1:4.5 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the pet foodstuff may include two nutrients from group (a) (i.e. are aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine or proline) and two nutrients from group (b) (i.e. myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid).
  • group (a) i.e. are aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine or proline
  • group (b) i.e. myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid.
  • the nutrients can be provided in a ratio of the group (a) nutrient to the Group (b) nutrient of 1:0.014 to 1:3.5 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the pet foodstuff may include three nutrients from group (a) (i.e. are aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine or proline) and three nutrients from group (b) (i.e. myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid).
  • group (a) i.e. are aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine or proline
  • group (b) i.e. myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid.
  • the nutrients can be provided in a ratio of the group (a) nutrient to the Group (b) nutrient of 1:0.025 to 1:2.5 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • Blood samples are taken from the companion animal, at least once before a meal and one or more times after the meal.
  • the blood samples can be taken one or more times after the meal at chosen intervals between at least 30 minutes to 5 hours after the meal (for example: every 15 minutes, every 30 minutes, every hour or at 15 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes and 300 minutes following the end of the 20 minute meal).
  • the meal referred herein is the pet food stuff described having the particular protein to fat levels.
  • Each blood sample taken from the companion animal is tested using standard assays, known in the art, to determine the concentration levels of biomarkers, for example 3-methylhistidine. The timed intervals at which the samples are taken and the GIP concentrations measured are not to be strictly timed and are approximate in time.
  • concentration levels of 3-methylhistidine in the blood sample post prandially are reduced when compared with the measurement of 3-methylhistidine taken when the companion animal is fed a meal not having the particular protein to fat ratio as described herein.
  • concentrations of 3-methylhistidine are significantly reduced when compared to the measurements of 3-methylhistidine taken when the companion animal is fed the foodstuff having other protein to fat ratios other than that described herein.
  • the method can include the step of preparing the pet foodstuffs used in the present invention.
  • the process for the manufacture of the foodstuff used in the present invention can be made according to any method known in the art.
  • the method of the invention as described can also include a step of formulating the foodstuff comprising a protein to fat ratio of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis (as described herein) which occurs prior to the step of feeding the cat the foodstuff.
  • the pet foodstuff can be also be used in the form of a dietary regime, wherein the dietary regime comprises a wet foodstuff and dry foodstuff that enables the companion animal to achieve the particular protein:fat ratio as described herein through the consumption of both the wet and dry foodstuffs.
  • the dietary regime comprises a wet foodstuff and dry foodstuff that enables the companion animal to achieve the particular protein:fat ratio as described herein through the consumption of both the wet and dry foodstuffs.
  • Each of the wet and dry foodstuffs have a protein:fat ratio within the range 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the foodstuffs may be provided at the same time, to enable the animal to eat both types of foodstuff at the same meal to achieve the particular protein to fat ratio as described herein through the consumption of both the wet and dry foodstuffs.
  • the wet food for example, may be provided in the morning and the dry foodstuff may be provided as a separate meal in the afternoon or evening, meaning that in the course of 24 hours, the animal will achieve the particular protein:fat ratio as described.
  • the preferred protein:fat ratio of the invention (1:0.27 to 1:0.63 gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis) may be achieved by the companion animal self-selecting the required amounts of each of the wet and/or dry foodstuffs provided to it.
  • the preferred protein:fat ratio may be achieved by the consumption of the only the wet food or only the dry food or through a combination of each of the wet and the dry foodstuff provided to the companion animal.
  • the levels of 3-methylhistidine can be measure at beginning of the day, prior to the companion animal being fed and post-prandially after the first meal of the day to obtain one measurement and then again prior to the companion animal being fed the second meal of the day and post-prandially after the second meal of the deal to obtain a second reading.
  • Each of the wet and dry foodstuffs have a protein:fat ratio within the range 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis, so the levels of 3-methylhistidine will have decreased post-prandially after both the first and second meal.
  • the invention also provides a kit comprising a first package comprising a wet foodstuff and second package comprising a dry foodstuff for use in such a dietary regime.
  • Each of the wet and dry foodstuffs have a protein:fat ratio within the range 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and/or below or above the range 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and wherein when combined provide the protein:fat ratio within the range 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • the invention further provides a kit comprising a first stage pet foodstuff and a second stage pet food stuff, and a package for separately housing the first stage pet foodstuff and the second stage pet foodstuff, wherein the first stage pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and has a first caloric density, and wherein the second stage pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and has a second caloric density, wherein the second caloric density is less than the first caloric density and wherein the first stage pet foodstuff is for feeding to a cat from the age of 1 to approximately 8 years of age and wherein the second stage pet foodstuff is for feeding to a cat above 8 years of age, for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia.
  • the first stage pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein:fat of 1
  • the foodstuff may also comprise bulking agents, such as non-digestible fibre or carbohydrate to comprise the caloric density required.
  • the first caloric density of the first stage pet foodstuff is high, in that it contains more calories per weight of the food (i.e. more calories per gram of food), for example may contain more carbohydrate and more fat.
  • the second caloric density of the second stage pet foodstuff is low, in that it contains less or low amount of calories per weight of the food (i.e. less or low amount of calories per gram of food), for example may contain more water or be low in fat.
  • the kit as described may further comprise an insert placed in the second stage pet foodstuff compartment including feeding instructions. For example, instructions to switch the feeding of the first stage foodstuff to the second stage foodstuff once the companion animal reaches approximately 8 years of age (i.e. senior).
  • the invention also provides a kit comprising a pet foodstuff comprising a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and has a high caloric density (i.e. a first stage pet foodstuff) and instructions for feeding the cat from the age of approximately 8 a pet foodstuff comprising a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and having a low caloric density.
  • a pet foodstuff comprising a ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis and has a low caloric density.
  • the foodstuff as described is fed to a companion animal, in particular a senior companion animal (for example a senior cat aged 8 years and/or above). It has been shown that feeding the pet foodstuff as described to a companion animal, in particular to a cat, that post-prandial levels of 3-methylhistidine are significantly maintained and/or reduced.
  • the invention also relates to a method of preventing and/or reducing sarcopenia in a companion animal, wherein the companion animal is fed (administered) a pet foodstuff comprising the particular ratio of protein:fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis.
  • FIG. 1 Graph showing plasma levels of 3-methylhistidine in cats fed the diets over time.
  • the graph shows that cats fed Diet 4 (having P:F of 1:0.37 gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis) obtained low and stable plasma levels of the muscle breakdown product 3-methylhistidine compared to the other diets.
  • the y axis is a fold change measurement. Fold change is a measure describing how much a quantity changes going from an initial to a final value. For example, an initial value of 30 and a final value of 60 corresponds to a fold change of 1 (or equivalently, a change to 2 times), or in common terms, a one-fold increase.
  • All cats were fed in five consecutive phases of 14 days in a randomised crossover design with each cat being fed each of the 5 diets in turn. All cats were within 5% of ideal body weight at the start of the trial. For the first 13 days of each phase, cats were fed two meals per day in amounts to maintain a stable, healthy bodyweight. On day 14 of each phase, cats had blood samples taken at 5 time points (one prior to feeding as a baseline and then at 15, 60, 120, & 300 mins following the end of the 20 minute meal).
  • GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  • Agilent 6890 GC coupled to an Agilent 5973 MS-System, Agilent, Waldbronn, Germany
  • LC-MS/MS liquid chromatography-MS/MS
  • Agilent 1100 HPLC-System Agilent 1100 HPLC-System (Agilent, Waldbronn, Germany) coupled to an Applied Biosystems AP14000 MS/MS-System (Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany)
  • Proteins were removed from plasma samples (60 ⁇ l) by precipitation. Subsequently polar and non-polar fractions were separated for both GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis by adding water and a mixture of ethanol and dichloromethane. For GC-MS analyses, the non-polar fraction was treated with methanol under acidic conditions to yield the fatty acid methyl esters derived from both free fatty acids and hydrolyzed complex lipids.
  • the benefits of reducing/preventing skeletal muscle breakdown by feeding a diet with a protein:fat ratio of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 as described in the present invention are that normal skeletal muscle mass can be maintained for longer in the lifespan of the animal contributing to the avoidance of weakness, frailty and reduced activity commonly associated with aging in companion animals.
  • Preventing/reducing skeletal muscle breakdown is also beneficial because an adequate skeletal muscle mass is essential to supply required amino acids in order to maintain the protein turnover of vital tissues and organs in the post-absorptive state and potentially to provide substrate for gluconeogenesis in both fed and fasted states.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
US16/062,561 2015-12-17 2016-12-19 Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof Abandoned US20180368446A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1522304.3 2015-12-17
GBGB1522304.3A GB201522304D0 (en) 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 Food product for reducing muscle breakdown
PCT/IB2016/057782 WO2017103905A1 (en) 2015-12-17 2016-12-19 Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2016/057782 A-371-Of-International WO2017103905A1 (en) 2015-12-17 2016-12-19 Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/248,467 Continuation US11672263B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2021-01-26 Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20180368446A1 true US20180368446A1 (en) 2018-12-27

Family

ID=55311156

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/062,561 Abandoned US20180368446A1 (en) 2015-12-17 2016-12-19 Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof
US17/248,467 Active 2037-05-13 US11672263B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2021-01-26 Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/248,467 Active 2037-05-13 US11672263B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2021-01-26 Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US20180368446A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP3389395A4 (ru)
JP (1) JP6869240B2 (ru)
CN (1) CN108471781B (ru)
AU (2) AU2016370867A1 (ru)
CA (1) CA3005956A1 (ru)
GB (1) GB201522304D0 (ru)
MX (1) MX2018006355A (ru)
RU (1) RU2731288C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2017103905A1 (ru)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10488423B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2019-11-26 Mars, Incorporated Method
WO2020184660A1 (ja) * 2019-03-13 2020-09-17 味の素株式会社 サルコペニアの評価方法、算出方法、評価装置、算出装置、評価プログラム、算出プログラム、記録媒体、評価システム、及び端末装置
US11388914B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2022-07-19 Mars, Incorporated Process of preparing a wet pet food, wet pet food produced by the process and uses thereof
US11547125B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2023-01-10 Mars, Incorporated Pet food feeding system
US11672263B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2023-06-13 Mars, Incorporated Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201721627D0 (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-02-07 Mars Inc Pet food product
JP6753997B1 (ja) * 2019-12-17 2020-09-09 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 ペットの体重管理方法
JP7084658B2 (ja) * 2020-01-24 2022-06-15 株式会社ブーリアン 動物用遺伝子性疾患予防食品提案システム

Family Cites Families (155)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2827452A (en) 1955-05-31 1958-03-18 Univ Minnesota Stabilization of materials
US3615675A (en) 1967-07-31 1971-10-26 Frito Lay Inc Method for making center-filled puffed food product
US3653908A (en) 1969-06-06 1972-04-04 Gen Foods Corp Animal food product and process
US3882257A (en) 1971-06-21 1975-05-06 Cagle S Inc Preparation of pet food from bones and animal by-products
US3764715A (en) 1972-02-04 1973-10-09 Quaker Oats Co Method of simultaneously extruding and coating a ready-to-eat cereal
US4088796A (en) 1972-04-19 1978-05-09 Ingenjorsfirman Per Oskar Persson Ab Method for making animal feed from manure
US3916029A (en) 1972-08-04 1975-10-28 Campbell Soup Co Centerfilled pet food composition
CA1038218A (en) 1973-03-02 1978-09-12 William G. Stringer Expanded animal food coated with dextrin and fat
US4145447A (en) 1973-03-22 1979-03-20 Said Stanton E. Fisher, By Said Bernard W. Weinrich Highly compacted animal food system
GB1465267A (en) 1973-05-01 1977-02-23 Mars Ltd Animal food product
US4032665A (en) 1973-09-10 1977-06-28 Ralston Purina Company Simulated bone
US3922353A (en) 1974-03-25 1975-11-25 Quaker Oats Co Shelf stable, high moisture, filled food product
US3930031A (en) 1974-07-11 1975-12-30 Ralston Purina Co Synergistic flavor enhancing coatings for cat food compositions comprising citric and phosphoric acids
US4260635A (en) 1974-12-18 1981-04-07 Fisher Stanton E Unitized animal food system product
NL7507482A (en) 1975-06-23 1976-12-27 Quaker Oats Co Domestic animal foodstuff having moist filling - and extruded cereal coating for storage-stability
US4006266A (en) 1975-10-08 1977-02-01 The Quaker Oats Company Process for making a dry pet food having a hard component and a soft component
US4190679A (en) 1977-04-26 1980-02-26 General Foods Corporation Meaty textured pet food
US4211797A (en) 1977-12-29 1980-07-08 General Foods Corporation Dry dog food of improved palatability
US4229485A (en) 1978-07-25 1980-10-21 Jerky Treats, Inc. Glazed liver coated biscuit or kibble for pets
US4366175A (en) 1978-07-25 1982-12-28 Brown Bruce W Glazed liver coated biscuit or kibble for pets
EP0071331A3 (en) 1981-07-29 1983-07-06 Ralston Purina Company A process for preparing a soft moist food product
US4508741A (en) 1982-09-15 1985-04-02 Star-Kist Foods, Inc. Coated pet food and process for preparation thereof
US4702924A (en) 1983-06-09 1987-10-27 Ralston Purina Company Dried meat containing coating
US4596714A (en) 1983-11-17 1986-06-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making a baked filled snack product
DE3417196A1 (de) 1984-05-09 1985-11-14 Etablissement Financière Meduna, Vaduz Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung extrudierter lebensmittelprodukte besonderer gestalt
US4689238A (en) 1984-10-18 1987-08-25 Frito-Lay, Inc. Composite food product
US4777058A (en) 1985-02-11 1988-10-11 Star-Kist Foods, Inc. Composite animal food
US4888192A (en) 1986-03-05 1989-12-19 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Method for extrusion of baked goods
JPH0638735B2 (ja) 1986-06-17 1994-05-25 日本製粉株式会社 多層構造を有するペツトフ−ド
GB2194125A (en) 1986-08-26 1988-03-02 Mars G B Ltd Co-extruded semi-moist food product
US4822626A (en) 1987-01-05 1989-04-18 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Coated canine biscuits
US4900572A (en) 1987-08-28 1990-02-13 Quaker Oats Company Multi-orifice coextrusion method
US4857333A (en) 1988-05-12 1989-08-15 Harold Robert G Food product for administering medication to animals
US4892748A (en) 1988-06-20 1990-01-09 David Piatt & Associates Low calorie pet treat
US5000973A (en) 1989-05-30 1991-03-19 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Nutritionally-balanced canine biscuits containing an inorganic pyrophosphate
US5000940A (en) 1989-05-30 1991-03-19 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Devices, compositions and the like having or containing an inorganic pyrophosphate
US5120554A (en) 1989-12-28 1992-06-09 Nestec S.A. Method for producing extruded center filled products
US5312633A (en) 1990-04-06 1994-05-17 Janet Schwartz Method of making a stuffed pretzel dough product and completed stuffed pretzel product
US5240720A (en) 1990-05-10 1993-08-31 Axelrod Herbert R Dog chew with modifiable texture
DE4111253A1 (de) 1991-04-08 1992-10-15 Henkel Kgaa Verfahren zur entseuchung und hygienisierung von abfall und/oder wertstoffen aus der tierkadaververwertung und seine anwendung
US6001400A (en) 1991-12-31 1999-12-14 Burger; Alvin Process for producing combination cream cheese and bagel dough product
DK0558774T3 (da) 1992-03-02 1997-06-02 Nestle Sa Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et benformet hundefoderprodukt
US5289795A (en) 1992-04-06 1994-03-01 Pet Center, Inc. Edible rodent habitat
US5780039A (en) 1992-04-23 1998-07-14 Novartis Nutrition Ag Orally-ingestible nutrition compositions having improved palatability
US5431927A (en) 1992-06-16 1995-07-11 Colgate-Palmolive Company Pet food product having oral care properties
NL9201820A (nl) 1992-10-20 1994-05-16 Friesland Frico Domo Coop Eetbare emulsie voor het bekleden van levensmiddelen.
US5714161A (en) 1993-04-22 1998-02-03 Colgate Palmolive Company Syringeable enteral diet for animals in a hypermetabolic state caused by the stress of medical and surgical illness
US5532010A (en) 1993-05-28 1996-07-02 Nabisco, Inc. Coated canine biscuits and preparation process
US5695797A (en) 1993-10-08 1997-12-09 Nestec S.A. Coextruded pet food product
JP2894946B2 (ja) 1994-04-01 1999-05-24 株式会社ロッテ プレッツェルおよびその製造方法
SE9401738D0 (sv) 1994-05-19 1994-05-19 Ewos Ab Bioactive feed
DE69421527T2 (de) 1994-07-23 2000-06-21 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A., Vevey Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von gefüllten Teigprodukten
US5650184A (en) 1995-02-21 1997-07-22 Moorman Manufacturing Company Coated feed agglomerates and methods of making the same
JPH09107889A (ja) 1995-10-20 1997-04-28 Uni Charm Corp 容器入りの愛玩動物用飼料
WO1997026194A1 (en) 1996-01-19 1997-07-24 Schommer Philip E Food holder
US5925390A (en) 1996-04-02 1999-07-20 Kornacki; Joan M. Cat food dispensing system and method of manufacture
JPH1014501A (ja) 1996-06-28 1998-01-20 Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd 猫用ドライフード包装体
US5897893A (en) 1996-10-21 1999-04-27 Pet Center, Inc. Pet chew with edible tubular wrapper and method of making same
US6042873A (en) 1996-10-29 2000-03-28 Products Carousel, Incorporated Pet chew and method for making
DE29724815U1 (de) 1997-01-09 2004-07-22 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Probiotik enthaltendes Getreideprodukt
US6113970A (en) 1997-02-03 2000-09-05 Lipton, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Lecithin based spray product
US5965175A (en) 1997-03-27 1999-10-12 The Iams Company Composition and method for repartitioning nitrogen and increasing colonic blood flow in dogs to promote intestinal health
DE29711410U1 (de) 1997-06-26 1997-09-11 Schmidt, Birgit, 22399 Hamburg Fertigmahlzeit
CN1251021C (zh) 1997-09-12 2006-04-12 住友电木株式会社 含包括酸不稳定侧基的多环聚合物的光刻胶组合物
CA2244084C (en) 1997-10-14 2006-07-25 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Dental care pet food
US6117477A (en) 1998-03-18 2000-09-12 Kal Kan Foods, Inc. Multicomponent food product and methods of making and using the same
US5932258A (en) 1998-04-06 1999-08-03 The Iams Company Composition and process for improving glucose metabolism in companion animals
JP2002523027A (ja) 1998-08-18 2002-07-30 ソシエテ デ プロデユイ ネツスル ソシエテ アノニム 被覆した乾燥ペットフード
DE69909298T2 (de) 1998-09-02 2004-05-27 Heska Corp., Fort Collins Verfahren zur herstellung einer zusammensetzung zum schutz eines fleischfressenden haustieres gegen krankheiten des abnormalen kohlenhydrat-metabolismus
US20020150650A1 (en) 1998-09-17 2002-10-17 Cupp Carolyn Jean Dental diet for reducing tartar
BR9914594A (pt) 1998-10-16 2001-06-26 Nestle Sa Matéria protéica de digestão diminuìda e sua utilização
US6156355A (en) 1998-11-02 2000-12-05 Star-Kist Foods, Inc. Breed-specific canine food formulations
US20070269562A1 (en) 1998-11-20 2007-11-22 Chukwu Uchenna N Bioactive raw vegetables
US6358546B1 (en) 1999-01-15 2002-03-19 Ralston Purina Company Methods for customizing pet food
US6630159B2 (en) 1999-02-23 2003-10-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Limiting weight gain of cats by feeding carbohydrate source that excludes rice
US20040022828A1 (en) 1999-02-23 2004-02-05 Sunvold Gregory D Use of carbohydrate source to limit weight gain in cats
AU3864600A (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-21 Iams Company, The Process for preserving skeletal muscle mass in geriatric dogs
EP1036512A1 (en) 1999-03-16 2000-09-20 CPM/Europe B.V. Eliminating salmonella in feed milling industry
US6596303B1 (en) 1999-03-22 2003-07-22 Mars Incorporated Pet food for maintenance of joint health and alleviation of arthritic symptoms in companion animals
NZ520435A (en) 2000-01-07 2004-02-27 Iams Company Process and composition for controlling fecal hair excretion and trichobezoar formation
US6669975B1 (en) 2000-02-03 2003-12-30 Mars Incorporated Customized dietary health maintenance system for pets
US20010048955A1 (en) 2000-05-30 2001-12-06 Foreman Gary A. Method of feeding an animal a balanced meal
US6410063B1 (en) 2000-06-13 2002-06-25 Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. Composition and method
GB0015440D0 (en) 2000-06-23 2000-08-16 Mars Uk Ltd Dietary regime
GB0015441D0 (en) 2000-06-23 2000-08-16 Mars Uk Ltd Food pack
ES2311482T3 (es) 2000-12-29 2009-02-16 Martin Francis Gannon Producto alimenticio para animales.
US7125574B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2006-10-24 Nestec S.A. Dental diet for reducing tartar
JP2002238464A (ja) 2001-02-15 2002-08-27 Uni Harts Kk ペットフード
US6904870B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2005-06-14 Nestec S.A. Products and methods for improving animal dental hygiene
US6733263B2 (en) 2001-04-13 2004-05-11 Hills Pet Nutrition Inc. Composition, process and apparatus
GB0117790D0 (en) 2001-07-20 2001-09-12 Mars Uk Ltd Diagnostic marker
JP4402952B2 (ja) 2001-07-23 2010-01-20 ザ・アイムス・カンパニー 食品用表面コーティング組成物のライン上での混合及び適用のためのシステム及び方法
US20030026875A1 (en) 2001-07-31 2003-02-06 Aguilar Carlos A. Multi-compartment pet food container
FR2831769B1 (fr) 2001-11-07 2004-07-30 Diana Ingredients Facteur d'appetence et exhausteur de gout
EP1329163A1 (fr) 2002-01-18 2003-07-23 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Elaboration de produits ayant un aspect roti
WO2003061705A1 (en) 2002-01-22 2003-07-31 Mars, Incorporated Weight management system for obese animals
US6672252B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2004-01-06 Sergeant's Pet Products, Inc. Pet chew
US20030194423A1 (en) 2002-04-15 2003-10-16 Mars, Inc. Composition for enhancing nutritional content of food
WO2003092404A1 (en) 2002-05-03 2003-11-13 Nestec S.A. Pet treat
US6957914B2 (en) 2002-06-12 2005-10-25 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Pouch multipackage
KR20050047531A (ko) 2002-08-14 2005-05-20 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 코팅된 대두 생산물 및 코팅 방법
BRPI0314213B1 (pt) 2002-09-11 2015-09-29 Nestec Ltd processo para produção de ração
US20050181097A1 (en) 2002-09-16 2005-08-18 Mars, Inc. Nutritionally complete pet food and method of feeding and manufacturing same
US6896924B2 (en) 2002-09-16 2005-05-24 Angel Hernandez Two-texture pet food product
JP2004121022A (ja) 2002-09-30 2004-04-22 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd ペットフ−ド用組成物
US6926917B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2005-08-09 Nestec Ltd. Dry pet food with increased palatability and method of production
US7485330B2 (en) 2002-11-26 2009-02-03 Redbarn Pet Products, Inc. Foodstuff containing a moist meaty filling
GB0229842D0 (en) * 2002-12-20 2003-01-29 Mars Uk Ltd Multi-component meal
GB0229838D0 (en) 2002-12-20 2003-01-29 Mars Uk Ltd Multi-component meal
WO2005041685A2 (en) 2003-10-29 2005-05-12 Leprino Foods Company Coated food products and methods of producing coated food products with reduced permeability to fat and oil
US7120588B2 (en) 2003-12-11 2006-10-10 Versch Roman D Selected climate change control of pet food formulation and distribution
US7288275B2 (en) 2004-01-08 2007-10-30 T.F.H. Publications, Inc Apparatus and process for forming pet treats
EP1722639A4 (en) 2004-01-30 2008-01-23 Univ California PROTECTED DRY COMPOSITION
RU2251364C1 (ru) 2004-03-23 2005-05-10 Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт электрификации сельского хозяйства (ГНУ ВИЭСХ) Способ теплового обеззараживания рассыпных комбикормов
US7303778B2 (en) 2004-04-27 2007-12-04 Solae, Llc Low carbohydrate coating system for breaded foods
US20060062892A1 (en) 2004-09-17 2006-03-23 Merrick Tyler W Dry pet food with kibble, dried vegetables and dried meat jerky pieces
US8252314B2 (en) 2004-09-24 2012-08-28 Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. Hypoallergenic composition
US20060134132A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2006-06-22 Watkins Jackie M Protective barriers for micronutrients, phytochemicals, and nutraceuticals
BRPI0519773A2 (pt) 2004-12-30 2009-07-14 Hills Pet Nutrition Inc métodos para intensificar a palatabilidade de uma composição para consumo por um animal e para aumentar a quantidade de uma composição ingerida por um animal, kit, composição, meio para comunicar informação, e, método para preparar uma composição para consumo por um animal
US8252742B2 (en) * 2004-12-30 2012-08-28 Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. Methods for enhancing the quality of life of a senior animal
WO2006074089A2 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-13 Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. Methods for enhancing the quality of life of a senior animal
US20060188611A1 (en) 2005-02-18 2006-08-24 Emine Unlu Edible pet chew
US20060228448A1 (en) 2005-04-11 2006-10-12 The Iams Company Pet food compositions comprising two components
CN101155518A (zh) 2005-04-11 2008-04-02 爱默思公司 包含两种组分的宠物食物组合物
CA2608454C (en) 2005-05-13 2014-08-05 Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. Dry food compositions having enhanced palatability
US20070031542A1 (en) 2005-08-09 2007-02-08 Harry Chu Encased food product and process for producing the same
WO2007060539A2 (en) 2005-11-28 2007-05-31 Jorrocks Pty Ltd. Methods for preparation of animal feeds
EP1820407A1 (en) 2006-02-17 2007-08-22 Nestec S.A. Method for improving dog food
EP1825762A1 (en) 2006-02-28 2007-08-29 Nutreco Nederland B.V. Coated animal feed with active compounds
RU2420210C2 (ru) * 2006-03-23 2011-06-10 Нестек С.А. Высококалорийная питательная добавка
BRPI0721829A2 (pt) 2007-07-09 2013-03-05 Hills Pet Nutrition Inc composiÇço de raÇço altamente digerÍvel para animal de estimaÇço, mÉtodos para reduzir o volume de fezes produzido por um animal, e para reduzir a quantidade de compostos contendo enxofre em fezes e assim reduzir o odor de fezes produzidas por um animal, e, uso de proteÍnas de qualidade elevada e carboidratos altamente digerÍveis
US20100303978A1 (en) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-02 Gregory Dean Sunvold Vitamin retention of pet food
US8691792B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2014-04-08 Nestec Sa Methods and compositions for improving gastrointetinal health
CN101627824A (zh) 2009-08-11 2010-01-20 北京康比特体育科技股份有限公司 一种膳食纤维棒
US20110052752A1 (en) 2009-08-25 2011-03-03 GlobalOne Pet Products, Inc. Rotational pet-food formulation and method
MX2012004118A (es) * 2009-10-09 2012-05-08 Nestec Sa Metodos para prevenir o tratar sarcopenia y atrofia muscular en animales.
MX340938B (es) * 2010-01-06 2016-08-01 Nestec Sa Regimenes dieteticos utiles para imitar la restriccion calorica.
WO2012047800A1 (en) * 2010-10-06 2012-04-12 Abbott Laboratories Methods for increasing muscle glucose uptake and decreasing muscle recovery time using amino acid blend
CN103260425A (zh) 2010-12-23 2013-08-21 希尔氏宠物营养品公司 用于体重减轻与保持的宠物食品组合物和方法
US20130059028A1 (en) * 2011-09-01 2013-03-07 Julie Marie Foy Compositions and Methods for Providing a Life-Stage-Appropriate Animal Diet
CA2859757A1 (en) 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Uni-Charm Corporation Pet food
JP6554700B2 (ja) 2012-05-21 2019-08-07 ソシエテ・デ・プロデュイ・ネスレ・エス・アー 充填物を有する缶詰食品製品
US20140141134A1 (en) * 2012-11-19 2014-05-22 Keith D. Johnson Systems and methods for creating a customized blend of pet food
AR094458A1 (es) 2012-12-06 2015-08-05 Iams Co Alimento con formas perceptibles para mascotas
US10674747B2 (en) * 2012-12-14 2020-06-09 Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. Anti-aging foods for companion animals
WO2014098193A1 (ja) * 2012-12-19 2014-06-26 花王株式会社 ペットフード
WO2015048339A2 (en) * 2013-09-25 2015-04-02 Pronutria, Inc. Compositions and formulations for non-human nutrition and methods of production and use thereof
EP2875736B1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2016-07-27 Citrage N-Carbamoylputrescine to enhance muscle protein synthesis
JP6388481B2 (ja) * 2014-02-25 2018-09-12 石橋工業株式会社 ドッグフード用大麦粉、ドッグフードの製造方法及びドッグフード
CA2948775C (en) 2014-05-15 2020-05-05 Specialites Pet Food Palatability enhancers comprising amino reactants and carbonyl compounds for use in cat food
CA2975217C (en) 2015-02-13 2023-08-15 Mars, Incorporated Pet food feeding system
MX2017013715A (es) 2015-04-28 2018-03-02 Mars Inc Proceso de preparacion de un producto de alimento para mascotas humedo esterilizado.
GB201522304D0 (en) 2015-12-17 2016-02-03 Mars Inc Food product for reducing muscle breakdown
GB201522296D0 (en) 2015-12-17 2016-02-03 Mars Inc Food product to reduce body fat
CN106360028A (zh) 2016-08-31 2017-02-01 吴天骄 一种犬类湿粮及其生产工艺

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11547125B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2023-01-10 Mars, Incorporated Pet food feeding system
US11388914B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2022-07-19 Mars, Incorporated Process of preparing a wet pet food, wet pet food produced by the process and uses thereof
US10488423B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2019-11-26 Mars, Incorporated Method
US11672263B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2023-06-13 Mars, Incorporated Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof
WO2020184660A1 (ja) * 2019-03-13 2020-09-17 味の素株式会社 サルコペニアの評価方法、算出方法、評価装置、算出装置、評価プログラム、算出プログラム、記録媒体、評価システム、及び端末装置
JP7489067B2 (ja) 2019-03-13 2024-05-23 味の素株式会社 取得方法、算出方法、評価装置、算出装置、評価プログラム、算出プログラム、記録媒体、評価システム、及び端末装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017103905A1 (en) 2017-06-22
GB201522304D0 (en) 2016-02-03
CN108471781A (zh) 2018-08-31
AU2016370867A1 (en) 2018-06-28
US11672263B2 (en) 2023-06-13
CA3005956A1 (en) 2017-06-22
AU2021203671A1 (en) 2021-07-01
RU2731288C2 (ru) 2020-09-01
RU2018126102A3 (ru) 2020-04-30
EP3389395A4 (en) 2019-08-14
MX2018006355A (es) 2018-09-05
US20210186055A1 (en) 2021-06-24
JP6869240B2 (ja) 2021-05-12
EP3389395A1 (en) 2018-10-24
AU2021203671B2 (en) 2022-07-14
RU2018126102A (ru) 2020-01-17
JP2019509464A (ja) 2019-04-04
CN108471781B (zh) 2021-08-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11672263B2 (en) Food product for reducing muscle breakdown and methods thereof
Robbins et al. The impact of protein quality on stable nitrogen isotope ratio discrimination and assimilated diet estimation
RU2764558C2 (ru) Композиции и способы, регулирующие усвояемость у животного-компаньона
Lackner et al. Effect of feeding histidine and β-alanine on carnosine concentration, growth performance, and meat quality of broiler chickens
RU2753456C2 (ru) Композиции и способы для маленьких животных из семейства собачьих
RU2763297C2 (ru) Композиции и способы регуляции уровня фосфора или ферментов у животного-компаньона
Dao et al. Response of laying hens to L-arginine, L-citrulline and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in reduced protein diet
US20200124621A1 (en) Method
Jameel Investigation of biochemical blood parameters, characteristics for carcass, and mineral composition in chicken meat when feeding on coriander seed and rosemary leaves
RU2764556C2 (ru) Композиции и способы для маленьких животных из семейства собачьих
Whitehead et al. The determination of the availability to chicks of biotin in feed ingredients by a bioassay based on the response of blood pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4. 1.1) activity
US20220408757A1 (en) Food product for regulating lipid metabolites and methods
Pastuszewska et al. Nutritional value and physiological effects of soya‐free diets fed to rats during growth and reproduction
Morrison et al. EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS: VII. FACTORS INFLUENCING NET PROTEIN UTILIZATION AS DETERMINED BY CARCASS ANALYSIS
RU2575358C1 (ru) Высокоусвояемый кормовой продукт для домашних животных для улучшения качества стула
BR112018076308B1 (pt) Composição alimentícia para animais de estimação, seus usos, e métodos não terapêuticos para manter a saúde de um canino e para modular um parâmetro de saúde em um canino

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: APPLICATION UNDERGOING PREEXAM PROCESSING

AS Assignment

Owner name: MARS, INCORPORATED, VIRGINIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HEWSON-HUGHES, ADRIAN;ALLAWAY, DAVID;SIGNING DATES FROM 20180524 TO 20180731;REEL/FRAME:046550/0137

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: APPLICATION DISPATCHED FROM PREEXAM, NOT YET DOCKETED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED

STCV Information on status: appeal procedure

Free format text: NOTICE OF APPEAL FILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION