US20160024636A1 - Manufacturing method of steel in which an element of treatment gas is dissolved and diffused - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of steel in which an element of treatment gas is dissolved and diffused Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160024636A1
US20160024636A1 US14/805,899 US201514805899A US2016024636A1 US 20160024636 A1 US20160024636 A1 US 20160024636A1 US 201514805899 A US201514805899 A US 201514805899A US 2016024636 A1 US2016024636 A1 US 2016024636A1
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Prior art keywords
steel
treatment
gas
carburizing
heating furnace
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Shinichi Hiramatsu
Koji Inagaki
Takaaki Kanazawa
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step

Definitions

  • the invention relates to manufacturing method of steel, in which an element of treatment gas is suitably dissolved and diffused in a portion of a surface of the steel.
  • Carburizing, nitriding, or carbonitriding or the like is applied to steel using a treatment gas in order to improve the durability and the like of the surface of the steel.
  • a treatment gas in order to improve the durability and the like of the surface of the steel.
  • an element of the treatment gas is dissolved and diffused from a treatment surface of the steel into a surface layer thereof, by bringing the treatment gas into contact with the surface of heated steel.
  • JP 11-217626 A proposes a gear carburizing method as one example.
  • particles of an anti-carburization agent are sprayed onto a curved surface of an addendum of a tooth profile portion of a gear, which is a non-treatment surface, such that the anti-carburization agent adheres to the curved surface of the addendum.
  • JP 11-217626 A because an anti-treatment agent such as the anti-carburization agent is used with carburizing, dissolution and diffusion of the element of the treatment gas in the non-treatment surface of the steel are able to be prevented or reduced.
  • the anti-treatment agent must be adhered to the surface of the steel and then removed, which is troublesome and ends up taking a lot of time. Consequently, the manufacturing cost increases.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a manufacturing method of steel in which an element of the treatment gas is dissolved and diffused that includes heating the steel; making a treatment gas contact a surface of the steel such that an element of the treatment gas dissolves and diffuses from the surface of the steel into a surface layer thereof; and reducing a concentration of the treatment gas near a non-treatment surface that is a portion of the surface of the steel.
  • the concentration of the treatment gas near the non-treatment surface is reduced to lower than the concentration of the treatment gas near the treatment surface, by pyrolyzing the treatment gas. Therefore, the amount of the element of the treatment gas that is dissolved in the non-treatment surface is less than the amount of the element of the treatment gas that is dissolved in treatment surface. As a result, a desired amount of an element of a treatment gas is able to be dissolved and diffused into the surface layer of the treatment surface of the steel, while inhibiting dissolution and diffusion of the element of the treatment gas into the non-treatment surface of the steel, inexpensively and without requiring troublesome work.
  • the concentration of the treatment gas near the non-treatment surface may be reduced by pyrolyzing the treatment gas.
  • the method for pyrolyzing the treatment gas may be a method that pyrolyzes the treatment gas by a metal catalyst, using heat for dissolving and diffusing the element of the treatment gas, for example.
  • the steel may be arranged inside a heating furnace, the steel may be heated, and the pyrolyzing of the treatment gas may be performed by a pyrolysis heater.
  • the manufacturing method of the steel may also include arranging the pyrolysis heater facing the non-treatment surface of the steel inside the heating furnace.
  • the pyrolysis heater is arranged in a position facing the non-treatment surface of the steel arranged in the heating furnace, so the treatment gas near the non-treatment surface of the steel is pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis heater. Consequently, the concentration of the treatment gas near the non-treatment surface of the steel is able to be made lower than the concentration of the treatment gas near the treatment surface. As a result, a desired amount of the element is able to be dissolved and diffused into the surface layer of the treatment surface of the steel, while inhibiting dissolution and diffusion of the element of the treatment gas in the non-treatment surface of the steel.
  • the steel may be arranged inside a heating furnace, the steel may be heated, and the pyrolyzing of the treatment gas may be performed by a pyrolysis heater.
  • the manufacturing method of the steel may also include dividing a space inside of the heating furnace into a treatment space and a non-treatment space by the pyrolysis heater, arranging the non-treatment surface of the steel in the non-treatment space, flowing the treatment gas into the treatment space, and pyrolyzing treatment gas that heads from the treatment space toward the non-treatment space by the pyrolysis heater.
  • this treatment gas when the treatment gas flows from the treatment space to the non-treatment space, this treatment gas is pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis heater, so the concentration of the treatment gas in the non-treatment space is able to be kept lower than the concentration of the treatment gas in the treatment space.
  • a desired amount of the element is able to be dissolved and diffused into the surface layer of the treatment surface of the steel, while inhibiting dissolution and diffusion of the element of the treatment gas in the non-treatment surface of the steel.
  • Supplying the treatment gas into the heating furnace, and interrupting the supply of the treatment gas into the heating furnace and discharging the treatment gas from the heating furnace, may be repeated.
  • the element of the treatment gas in supplying the treatment gas into the heating furnace, the element of the treatment gas is dissolved from the treatment surface of the steel.
  • dissolution of the treatment gas is restricted and the steel is in a heated state, so diffusion of the once dissolved element is able to be promoted.
  • the element of the treatment gas diffuses from the non-treatment surface to the inside thereof, each time it slightly dissolves, so the content of the element of the surface layer of the non-treatment surface is able to be reduced.
  • heating of the pyrolysis heater may be interrupted.
  • the non-treatment surface of the steel is not continuously heated by the pyrolysis heater, so a thermal effect on the portion that includes the non-treatment surface of the steel is able to be reduced.
  • a desired amount of the element of the treatment gas is able to be dissolved and diffused into the surface layer of the treatment surface of the steel, while inhibiting the element of the treatment gas from dissolving and diffusing into the non-treatment surface of the steel, inexpensively and without requiring troublesome work.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a frame format of a carburizing apparatus for suitably implementing a manufacturing method of steel according to a first example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a temperature profile and treatment conditions of steel to illustrate the manufacturing method of steel according to the first example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the steel before carburizing, to illustrate the manufacturing method of steel shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the positional relationship between the steel at the time of carburizing and the pyrolysis heater, to illustrate the manufacturing method of steel shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3C is a view illustrating the carburizing of carburizing gas into a treatment surface of the steel and pyrolysis of the carburizing gas, to illustrate the manufacturing method of steel shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3D is a perspective view of the steel after carburizing, to illustrate the manufacturing method of steel shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4A is a view illustrating the positional relationship between the steel at the time of carburizing and a pyrolysis heater, to illustrate a manufacturing method of steel according to a modified example of the first example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the steel after carburizing, to illustrate the manufacturing method of steel according to the modified example of the first example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5A is a conceptual diagram showing a frame format of a carburizing apparatus for suitably implementing a manufacturing method of steel according to a second example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5B is a view illustrating the positional relationship between the steel at the time of carburizing and a pyrolysis heater
  • FIG. 6A is a view illustrating carburizing into a treatment surface of steel, and pyrolysis of the carburizing gas, to illustrate the manufacturing method of steel according to the second example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6B is a side view of the steel after carburizing, to illustrate the manufacturing method of steel according to the second example embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6C is a sectional view illustrating a method of utilization of the steel, to illustrate the manufacturing method of steel according to the second example embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view of a temperature profile and treatment conditions of steel, to illustrate a manufacturing method of steel according to a third example embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a view of the relationship between a concentration of carburizing gas and treatment gas temperature according to Verification test 1;
  • FIG. 9 is a view of the relationship between the carburizing amount in the steel and the concentration of carburizing gas according to Verification test 2;
  • FIG. 10A is a view of the relationship between the steel and the pyrolysis heater
  • FIG. 10B is a sectional photograph of carburized steel
  • FIG. 10C is an enlarged photograph of portion c in FIG. 10B ;
  • FIG. 10D is an enlarged photograph of portion d in FIG. 10B .
  • treatment surface in this specification may be a portion of a surface of steel, which is brought into contact with treatment gas and within which an element of the treatment gas is dissolved and diffused (i.e., the element of the treatment gas is dissolved and diffused in a surface layer of the steel), in order to obtain a desired property.
  • non-treatment surface in this specification may be a portion of the surface of the steel, which is adjacent to the treatment surface and in which a dissolved amount of an element of the treatment gas is lower than it is in the treatment surface.
  • the non-treatment surface is not limited to a surface into which no element of the treatment gas is dissolved.
  • the term “manufacturing method of steel” in this specification may include at least dissolving and diffusing an element of the treatment gas from the surface of the steel into a surface layer thereof, and this pre-process may also include a machining process such as hot-forming or machining the steel, or a forming process such as press-forming the steel or the like.
  • the manufacturing method of steel according to this example embodiment is a carburizing method that carburizes steel.
  • the steel that is carburized according to this example embodiment is steel that includes a ferrite structure and a pearlite structure, for example.
  • a block of steel is used (see FIG. 3A that will be described later).
  • the steel examples include chrome molybdenum steel (JIS standard: SCr 415 to 435) and chrome molybdenum steel (JIS standard: SCM 415 to 435) and the like.
  • the material is not particularly limited to this as long as carbon is able to be dissolved and diffused from the surface of the steel into the surface layer thereof by carburizing.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a frame format of the carburizing apparatus for suitably implementing the manufacturing method of steel according to the first example embodiment of the invention.
  • the carburizing apparatus 10 A is an apparatus that dissolves and diffuses carbon (an element) of carburizing gas (treatment gas) G from a treatment surface of steel 1 a into a surface layer thereof, by arranging the steel 1 a in a heating furnace 11 and making the carburizing gas G contact the treatment surface of the steel 1 a.
  • the carburizing apparatus 10 A includes the heating furnace 11 .
  • a carburizing heater 13 is arranged inside of the heating furnace 11 .
  • Thermal insulating material 12 is arranged around the carburizing heater 13 so that the heat from the carburizing heater 13 does not escape to the outside.
  • the carburizing heater 13 is a heater for heating the surface of the steel 1 a and dissolving and diffusing the carbon of the carburizing gas into the surface layer of the steel 1 a.
  • a supply line 23 is connected to the heating furnace 11 such that the carburizing gas G from a carburizing gas supply source 21 flows into the heating furnace 11 via a flow regulating device 22 .
  • the carburizing gas are gases such as acetylene gas, butane gas, propane gas, and ethane gas, but in this example embodiment, acetylene gas is used.
  • Acetylene gas is a gas that pyrolyzes, which will be described later, more easily than other gases, and is thus a suitable gas in this example embodiment.
  • a discharge line 31 is connected to the heating furnace 11 such that the carburizing gas G supplied into the heating furnace 11 can be discharged from the heating furnace 11 .
  • a pressure-reducing pump 32 and a pressure regulating device 33 are connected in order to the downstream side of the discharge line 31 .
  • the pressure-reducing pump 32 draws in the carburizing gas G from inside the heating furnace 11
  • the pressure regulating device 33 regulates the pressure inside the heating furnace 11 to a predetermined pressure by regulating the amount of carburizing gas that is discharged.
  • a jig 14 that fixes the steel 1 a to be carburized, and a pyrolysis heater 15 A that pyrolyzes the carburizing gas G are arranged inside the heating furnace 11 .
  • the pyrolysis heater 15 A will be described in detail later.
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a temperature profile and treatment conditions of the steel 1 a, to illustrate the manufacturing method of the steel 1 a according to the first example embodiment.
  • FIGS. 3 A to 3 D are views illustrating the manufacturing method of steel shown in FIG. 1 . More specifically, FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the steel 1 a before carburizing.
  • FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the positional relationship between the steel 1 a at the time of carburizing and the pyrolysis heater 15 A.
  • FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the steel 1 a before carburizing.
  • FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the positional relationship between the steel 1 a at the time of carburizing and the pyrolysis heater 15 A.
  • FIG. 3C is a view illustrating the carburizing of carburizing gas G into a treatment surface 2 a of the steel 1 a, and the pyrolyzing of the carburizing gas G.
  • FIG. 3D is a perspective view of the steel 1 A after carburizing.
  • a block of the steel 1 a is prepared.
  • the treatment surface 2 a which is a portion of the surface of the steel 1 a, is provided on the surface of the steel 1 a, as shown in FIG. 3A , and a predetermined amount of carbon is dissolved from the treatment surface 2 a into a surface layer thereof by a treatment that will be described later.
  • a rectangular-shaped non-treatment surface 3 a is provided adjacent to the treatment surface 2 a of the steel 1 a, and a predetermined amount of carbon is dissolved from the surface excluding this non-treatment surface 3 a, into a surface layer thereof, by a treatment that will be described later.
  • the pyrolysis heater 15 A described above is a plate-shaped heater that corresponds to the shape of the non-treatment surface 3 a of the steel 1 a, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B .
  • This pyrolysis heater 15 A is arranged facing the non-treatment surface 3 a when the steel 1 a is fixed to the jig 14 .
  • the pyrolysis heater 15 A is designed to break down the carburizing gas G near the non-treatment surface 3 a, but is not designed to promote the dissolution of carbon in the carburizing gas G by heating the non-treatment surface 3 a of the steel 1 a to a higher temperature than the other surface.
  • the steel 1 a that is fixed as shown in FIG. 2 is heated (in a heating process). More specifically, the steel 1 A is heated by the carburizing heater 13 to a temperature equal to or greater than an A 1 transformation point, and more preferably, equal to or greater than an A 3 transformation point (a carburizing temperature) of the steel, such that the ferrite structure and the pearlite structure of the steel 1 a transform into an austenite structure.
  • the carburizing gas G is not introduced into the heating furnace 11 , and the pyrolysis heater 15 A is not activated.
  • the steel 1 a is heated by the carburizing heater 13 , but the steel 1 a that has been heated by another heating furnace beforehand may also be put into the heating furnace 11 .
  • the heated steel 1 a is carburized (in a carburizing process), as shown in FIG. 2 . More specifically, the steel 1 a is maintained in a heated state by the carburizing heater 13 , and the carburizing gas G is supplied from the carburizing gas supply source 21 into the heating furnace 11 via the flow regulating device 22 . On the other hand, some of the carburizing gas G is discharged from the heating furnace 11 by the pressure-reducing pump 32 via the discharge line 31 to keep the concentration of the carburizing gas G inside the heating furnace 11 constant.
  • the pyrolysis heater 15 A is activated while maintaining this kind of state inside the furnace. At this time, the temperature of the surface of the pyrolysis heater 15 A is heated to a temperature at which the carburizing gas G pyrolyzes, or more preferably, to a temperature that is higher than the temperature of the surface of the heated steel 1 a. As a result, the carburizing gas G around the pyrolysis heater 15 A is able to be pyrolyzed before it reaches the surface of the steel 1 a.
  • the carburizing gas G near the non-treatment surface 3 a of the steel 1 A and the carburizing gas G heading toward there is pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis heater 15 A.
  • acetylene gas is used as the carburizing gas G, so the acetylene gas breaks down into carbon and hydrogen gas.
  • the concentration of carburizing gas G around the pyrolysis heater 15 A becomes lower than that of the surrounding carburizing gas G
  • the concentration of carburizing gas G near the non-treatment surface 3 a becomes lower than the concentration of carburizing gas G near the treatment surface 2 a of the steel 1 A.
  • the carbon in the carburizing gas G is able to be dissolved from the treatment surface 2 a, while inhibiting carbon in the carburizing gas G from being dissolved from the non-treatment surface 3 a.
  • a predetermined amount of carbon is able to be dissolved into the surface layer of the treatment surface 2 a of the steel 1 a, while carbon in the carburizing gas G is able to be inhibited from being dissolved into the non-treatment surface 3 a of the steel 1 a.
  • the steel 1 a is kept heated by the carburizing heater 13 , the supply of carburizing gas G into the heating furnace 11 is interrupted, and the carburizing gas G inside the heating furnace 11 is discharged via the discharge line 31 by the pressure-reducing pump.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, helium gas, or argon gas may be supplied into the heating furnace 11 .
  • Heating by the pyrolysis heater 15 A is interrupted at the same time that this kind of state is established in the furnace.
  • the carbon that has dissolved in the treatment surface 2 a of the steel 1 a is able to be diffused into the surface layer thereof.
  • the dissolved amount of carbon from the non-treatment surface 3 a is less than the dissolved amount of carbon from the treatment surface 2 a, so the carbon that has been slightly dissolved near the non-treatment surface 3 a diffuses quickly therein.
  • the steel after diffusing is cooled by water-cooling or oil-cooling (in a cooling process), such that a structure in which at least the carbon in the steel 1 a that has dissolved changes from the austenite structure to a martensite structure, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the obtained steel may be tempered.
  • the steel 1 A that has both an anti-carburization layer 3 A, in which dissolution and diffusion of the element in the carburizing gas G into the non-treatment surface 3 a is inhibited, and the carburized layer 2 A, which is formed by a predetermined amount of carbon dissolving and diffusing into the surface layer of the treatment surface 2 a, is obtained as shown in FIG. 3D .
  • FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a manufacturing method of steel according to a modified example of the first example embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 4A is a view showing the positional relationship between the steel at the time of carburizing and a pyrolysis heater. FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the steel after carburizing.
  • the steel that is carburized is an input shaft 1 b for a vehicle.
  • the input shaft 1 b has a stepped shaft portion 5 .
  • a gear portion 5 a is formed on one side of this shaft portion 5
  • a flange portion 4 is formed on an end portion on the other side.
  • a peripheral surface of the flange portion 4 and an upper edge portion thereof are the non-treatment surface 3 a, and the other surface is the treatment surface 2 a.
  • the carburizing gas is made to contact the treatment surface 2 a, and a predetermined amount of carbon is dissolved from the treatment surface 2 a into the surface layer thereof.
  • a ring-shaped pyrolysis heater 15 B corresponding to the surface shape of the non-treatment surface 3 a (i.e., the peripheral surface and the upper edge portion thereof) of the flange portion 4 is arranged inside the heating furnace 11 so as to cover the non-treatment surface 3 a of the flange portion 4 , and carburizing gas near the non-treatment surface 3 a is pyrolyzed.
  • the dissolved amount of carbon on the peripheral surface of the flange portion 4 and the upper edge portion thereof is less than at other portions, so cracking from thermal strain of welding is able to be prevented at this portion.
  • nitridization or nitriding for example, may also be used. More specifically, with these treatments, ammonia gas is used for the treatment gas. With nitridization, the steel is heated at 480° C. to 590° C., and with nitriding, the steel is heated to 590° C. to 850° C.
  • the ammonia gas is pyrolyzed into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas using the pyrolysis heater 15 A shown in the first example embodiment (see FIGS. 3A and 3B ).
  • the nitrogen in the ammonia gas dissolves and diffuses from the treatment surface 2 a of the carburizing gas G into the surface layer thereof, by making the ammonia gas contact the treatment surface 2 a, just as illustrated with carburizing.
  • the concentration of ammonia gas near the non-treatment surface 3 a becomes lower than the concentration of ammonia gas near the treatment surface 2 a, by the pyrolysis heater.
  • both treatment gases may be pyrolyzed by the same method.
  • carburizing gas is pyrolyzed using the pyrolysis heater 15 A.
  • a pyrolysis member formed by a metal catalyst of the same shape as the pyrolysis heater 15 A may be prepared, and the carburizing gas may be broken down by this metal catalyst.
  • the metal catalyst may also be included in the surface of the pyrolysis heater 15 A.
  • ammonia gas when ammonia gas is used in nitridization or nitriding, Pt, Pd, Ir, or Rh or the like may be used as the metal catalyst. These are able to break down the ammonia gas at 550° C. to 1100° C. As a result, the ammonia gas near the non-treatment surface is able to be broken down, while nitridization or nitriding the treatment surface.
  • FIG. 5A is a conceptual diagram showing a frame format of a carburizing apparatus for suitably implementing a manufacturing method of steel according to a second example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5B is a view showing the positional relationship between the steel at the time of carburizing and a pyrolysis heater.
  • FIG. 6 is a view illustrating the manufacturing method of steel according to the second example embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 6A is a view illustrating carburizing into a treatment surface of steel, and pyrolysis of the carburizing gas. FIG. 6B is a side view of the steel after carburizing. FIG. 6C is a sectional view illustrating a method of utilization of the steel.
  • the second example embodiment differs from the first example embodiment in that the steel to be treated is a weld bolt 1 c, and the shape of a pyrolysis heater 15 C is different.
  • the steel to be treated is a weld bolt 1 c
  • the shape of a pyrolysis heater 15 C is different.
  • the pyrolysis heater 15 C is a plate-shaped heater. A plurality of through-holes 15 a that threaded portions of the weld bolts 1 c are inserted through are formed in the pyrolysis heater 15 C.
  • Each through-hole 15 a is large enough so that it does not contact the weld bolt 1 c when the weld bolt 1 c is fixed by the jig 14 (i.e., so that there is a gap between the edge of the through-hole 15 a and the weld bolt 1 c ).
  • This kind of pyrolysis heater 15 C is arranged in the heating furnace 11 so as to divide a space 17 inside the heating furnace 11 into a treatment space 17 a and a non-treatment space 17 b.
  • the treatment surface 2 a of the threaded portion 6 of the weld bolt 1 c is arranged in the treatment space 17 a and the non-treatment surface 3 a of a head portion 7 of the weld bolt 1 c is arranged in the non-treatment space 17 b, as shown in FIG. 6A .
  • the weld bolt 1 c is not contacting the pyrolysis heater 15 C.
  • the carburizing gas G flows from the treatment space 17 a into the non-treatment space 17 b, the carburizing gas G is broken down by the pyrolysis heater 15 C, so the concentration of the carburizing gas G in the non-treatment space 17 b is able to be kept lower than the concentration of the carburizing gas G in the treatment space 17 a.
  • a desired amount of carbon is able to be dissolved and diffused into the surface layer of the treatment surface 2 a of the threaded portion 6 of the weld bolt 1 c, while inhibiting the dissolution and diffusion of carbon from the non-treatment surface 3 a of the head portion 7 of the weld bolt 1 c.
  • the anti-carburization layer 3 A that inhibits the element of the carburizing gas G from dissolving and diffusing into the non-treatment surface 3 a is also formed on a welding protrusion 7 a of the head portion 7 , as shown in FIG. 6B .
  • the treatment gas may be pyrolyzed by a metal catalyst, and nitridization or nitriding may be applied instead of carburizing, as described above in section “5. Another modified example”. Also, carbonitriding that is a combination of carburizing and nitridization may be applied.
  • FIG. 7 is a view of a temperature profile and treatment conditions of steel, to illustrate a manufacturing method of steel according to a third example embodiment of the invention.
  • the third example embodiment differs from the first example embodiment with regards to the method of carburizing. Therefore, descriptions of common portions aside from this will be partially omitted.
  • carbon is dissolved and diffused into the steel 1 a inside the heating furnace 11 , while the carburizing process and the diffusing process are alternately repeatedly executed. More specifically, in the carburizing process, carburizing gas G is supplied into the heating furnace 11 , and in the diffusing process, the supply of carburizing gas G into the heating furnace 11 is interrupted, and the carburizing gas G is discharged from the heating furnace 11 . In both the carburizing process and the diffusing process, the steel 1 a is heated by the carburizing heater 13 . In the carburizing process, the pyrolysis heater 15 A is activated and the carburizing gas G is heated and pyrolyzed, but in the diffusing process, heating by the pyrolysis heater 15 A is interrupted.
  • the carbon is repeatedly dissolved and diffused, so the element of the carburizing gas G is able to be dissolved and diffused from the treatment surface 2 a into the surface layer thereof.
  • the carbon is diffused from the non-treatment surface 3 a to the inside thereof, so the content of the element in the surface layer of the non-treatment surface 3 a is able to be reduced.
  • the non-treatment surface 3 a of the steel 1 a is not continuously heated by the pyrolysis heater 15 A, so the thermal effect on the portion that includes the non-treatment surface 3 a of the steel 1 a is able to be reduced.
  • This kind of method may also be applied with nitridization or nitriding.
  • acetylene gas was prepared as the carburizing gas, and the phenomenon of pyrolysis of the acetylene gas was verified. More specifically, acetylene gas of a partial pressure of 100% was supplied at a flow rate of 20 m/min into a furnace, and the temperature inside the heating furnace was set to 900° C., 950° C., 1000° C., 1100° C., 1200° C., and 1300° C., and the concentration of the acetylene gas (carburizing gas) at this time, i.e., the partial pressure of the carburizing gas, was measured. The results are shown in FIG. 8 . FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a view of the relationship between the concentration of carburizing gas and treatment gas temperature according to verification test 1.
  • the partial pressure of the carburizing gas at the different temperatures is shown, with the partial pressure of the carburizing gas at 900° C. being 100%.
  • FIG. 9 is a view of the relationship between the carburizing amount in the steel and the concentration of the carburizing gas according to Verification test 2.
  • the carburizing amount (dissolved amount) of carbon into the steel increases as the concentration of acetylene gas that is the carburizing gas increases. From this, is can be said that the amount of carbon that dissolves from the non-treatment surface is able to be reduced if the carburizing gas G (acetylene gas) is pyrolyzed using the pyrolysis heater 15 A and the concentration of carburizing gas G near the non-treatment surface of the steel 1 a is reduced.
  • the carburizing gas G acetylene gas
  • a piece of circular cylindrical steel 1 d was arranged such that a circular cylindrical pyrolysis heater (radiant tube heater) 15 D was positioned 3 millimeters away from a side surface of the steel 1 d.
  • the steel was heated to 980° C. within 5 minutes 15 seconds by the pyrolysis heater, and the carburizing process and the diffusing process were repeated in order under conditions such as those shown in Table 1 below.
  • acetylene gas was supplied into the furnace at 100 ml/min, and in the diffusing process, the supply of acetylene gas was interrupted, and the acetylene gas was discharged from the furnace and nitrogen gas of the same flowrate was supplied.
  • the pyrolysis heater was heated at 1200° C. continuously during the carburizing process and the diffusing process. Then, the steel was tempered by oil cooling it to room temperature for 5 minutes.
  • FIGS. 10B to 10D A cross-section of the obtained circular cylindrical steel was then observed microscopically. The results are shown in FIGS. 10B to 10D .
  • FIG. 10B is a sectional photograph of the carburized steel.
  • FIG. 10C is an enlarged photograph of portion c in FIG. 10B
  • FIG. 10D is an enlarged photograph of portion d in FIG. 10B .
  • a carburized layer did not form in the surface layer of the steel near the pyrolysis heater, but a carburized layer did form in the surface layer of the steel at other areas, as shown in FIGS. 10B and 10C .
  • This is thought to be because near the pyrolysis heater, the concentration of carburizing gas was reduced due to the carburizing gas being pyrolyzed. It is also possible that even if carbon was slightly dissolved in this area, this dissolved carbon may have diffused due to repeatedly performing the diffusing process in between cycles of the carburizing process, and as a result, a carburized layer did not form.
  • the embodiments of the invention described above provides a manufacturing method of steel, by which a desired amount of an element of a treatment gas is able to be dissolved and diffused into a surface layer of a treatment surface of the steel, while inhibiting the element of the treatment gas from dissolving and diffusing into a non-treatment surface of the steel, inexpensively and without requiring troublesome work.

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