US20150290339A1 - Novel compound with effects of thrombolysis, free radical scavenging and thrombus-targeting as well as preparation method and use thereof - Google Patents

Novel compound with effects of thrombolysis, free radical scavenging and thrombus-targeting as well as preparation method and use thereof Download PDF

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US20150290339A1
US20150290339A1 US14/425,909 US201314425909A US2015290339A1 US 20150290339 A1 US20150290339 A1 US 20150290339A1 US 201314425909 A US201314425909 A US 201314425909A US 2015290339 A1 US2015290339 A1 US 2015290339A1
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lys
linking
peptide
thrombus
compound
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Shiqi Peng
Ming Zhao
Xueyun Jiang
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Shanghai Lumosa Therapeutics Co Ltd
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Shanghai Lumosa Therapeutics Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from CN2012103238506A external-priority patent/CN102898505A/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201210323951 external-priority patent/CN102898506A/zh
Priority claimed from CN2012103238489A external-priority patent/CN102887941A/zh
Priority claimed from CN2012103238493A external-priority patent/CN102875644A/zh
Application filed by Shanghai Lumosa Therapeutics Co Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Lumosa Therapeutics Co Ltd
Assigned to YONG GUANG PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. reassignment YONG GUANG PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JIANG, Xueyun, PENG, SHIQI, ZHAO, MING
Assigned to SHANGHAI LUMOSA THERAPEUTICS CO., LTD. reassignment SHANGHAI LUMOSA THERAPEUTICS CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YONG GUANG PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
Publication of US20150290339A1 publication Critical patent/US20150290339A1/en
Priority to US15/991,297 priority Critical patent/US10806798B2/en
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel compound simultaneously having effects of thrombolysis, free radical scavenging and thrombus-targeting, as well as a preparation method and use thereof.
  • the present invention further relates to a novel ternary conjugate of “a peptide comprising a PAK sequence/imidazoline/a peptide comprising an RGD sequence” formed by linking together a thrombolytic oligopeptide comprising a PAK (Pro-Ala-Lys) sequence, 1-(4-oxyacetyl-phenyl)-3,3,4,4-tetramethylimidazo line and a thrombus-targeting peptide/anti-thrombus oligopeptide comprising an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence via a linking arm containing carboxyl and amino groups.
  • the present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compound for use in NO free radical scavenging, thrombolysis, thrombus targeting/antithrombus therapy, and treatment of stroke/cerebral infarction.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for preparation of the compound.
  • Thrombotic diseases rank the first in morbidity and mortality globally.
  • Coronary artery thrombosis results in myocardial infarction.
  • Cerebral vascular thrombosis leads to cerebral infarction, i.e., the clinical ischemic stroke.
  • Patients with myocardial infarction may be intravenously injected with thrombolytic agents or have bypass surgeries. It should be noted that the positive outcome of intravenous injection of thrombolytic agents to patients with myocardial infarction is ischemia/reperfusion. Since a large amount of NO free radicals are generated during the process of ischemia/reperfusion, the thrombolysis process is associated with myocardial damage and patient death.
  • Both compounds are derived from a conjugation of an imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity with an anti-thrombus oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp) via lysine. Unlike the compound of the present invention, these two compounds do not have a thrombolytic peptide attached therein. These two compounds do not have a function in thrombolysis, and therefore are not suitable in the manufacture of thrombolytic medicaments and not suitable in treatment of patients with ischemic stroke.
  • the present invention provides a ternary conjugate simultaneously having activities of crossing blood-brain barrier, thrombolysis, anti-thrombus and NO free radical scavenging, in which the three members in the ternary conjugate refer to an imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity, a peptide having thrombolytic activity, and a thrombus-targeting peptide, wherein the three members are linked together via a proper linking arm.
  • ternary conjugate of the present invention may be represented by the compound of formula I:
  • NN represents an imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity
  • AA 1 represents a linking arm having at least three groups for linking
  • AA 2 represents a peptide having thrombolytic activity
  • AA 3 represents a thrombus-targeting peptide.
  • the imidazoline used in the present invention may include imidazole nitroxyl nitroxide (NN) radicals, which can clear NO and function to clear oxygen free radicals, providing strong protection for cells damaged by oxygen free radicals.
  • the imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity according to the present invention is preferably 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, which has excellent chemical and physical stability, and is not only suitable for any chemical reaction of conjugating a peptide having thrombolytic activity with a thrombus-targeting peptide, but also not susceptible to decomposition during storage, thereby satisfying the requirements for formulations.
  • the linking arm used in the present invention may comprise at least three groups for linking, e.g., carboxyl and amino groups, which is used to link the imidazoline, the peptide having thrombolytic activity, and the thrombus-targeting peptide together.
  • the linking arm according to the present invention may be natural amino acids, for example, L-Lys, L-Asp, and L-Glu.
  • the linking arm (AA 1 ) used in the present invention has three or more groups for linking, one or more NN, AA 2 or AA 3 may be linked thereby, wherein two or more NN, AA 2 or AA 3 may be the same or different.
  • AA 1 has four groups for linking, one NN, two AA 2 and one AA 3 may be linked thereby while the two AA 2 may be the same or different peptides having thrombolytic activity.
  • the peptide having thrombolytic activity used in the present invention may be an oligopeptide comprising a PAK (Pro-Ala-Lys) sequence, an AKP (Ala-Lys-Pro) sequence or a KAP (Lys-Ala-Pro) sequence, or a peptide having repeating units of the PAK sequence, the AKP sequence or the KAP sequence.
  • An oligopeptide refer to a small-molecule peptide having a molecular weight of 1000 Dalton (D) or less, which is generally composed of 3 to 8 amino acids.
  • the oligopeptide having thrombolytic activity according to the present invention may be a tripeptide to octopeptide that comprises a PAK sequence, an AKP sequence, or a KAP sequence, preferably a tripeptide to pentapeptide that comprises a PAK sequence, an AKP sequence, or a KAP sequence.
  • the oligopeptide used for the present invention that comprises a PAK sequence, an AKP sequence, or a KAP sequence may be PAK, RPAK (Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys), ARPAK (Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys), GRPAK (Gly-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys), QRPAK (Gln-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys), AKP, KAP, KPAK (Lys-Pro-Ala-Lys), PAKP (Pro-Ala-Lys-Pro), AKPAK (Ala-Lys-Pro-Ala-Lys) or PAKPA (Pro-Ala-Lys-Pro-Ala).
  • the peptide having repeating units of the PAK sequence, the AKP sequence or the KAP sequence used in the present invention may be any of those peptides being described in the Chinese patent publication CN101190941 as a peptide having thrombolytic activity, including a peptide having repeating units of the PAK sequence, such as (PAK) 2 , (PAK) 3 , (PAK) 4 , (PAK) 5 and (PAK) 6 ; a peptide having repeating units of the AKP sequence, such as (AKP) 2 , (AKP) 3 , (AKP) 4 , (AKP) 5 and (AKP) 6 ; and a peptide having repeating units of the KPA sequence, such as (KPA) 2 , (KPA) 3 , (KPA) 4 , (KPA) 5 and (KPA) 6 .
  • a peptide having repeating units of the PAK sequence such as (PAK) 2 , (KPA) 3 , (K
  • the thrombus-targeting/anti-thrombus peptide used in the present invention may be an oligopeptide containing an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp).
  • the oligopeptide containing an RGD sequence may be an RGD-based tetrapeptide, such as RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser), RGDV (Arg-Gly-Asp-Val) and RGDF (Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe).
  • RGDS Ar-Gly-Asp-Ser
  • RGDV Arg-Gly-Asp-Val
  • RGDF Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe
  • RGD sequences serve as active sites for the binding of Fg ligands and activated GPIIb/IIIa receptors and have an activated platelet-targeting property. Structures comprising an RGD sequence may competitively inhibit and block the binding of Fg and GPIIb/IIIa receptors, thereby preventing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, so as to enable an RGD-containing oligopeptide become an effective thrombus-targeting molecule and anti-thrombus agent.
  • thrombus-targeting peptide used in the present invention may be any of those polypeptides being described in Chinese patent publication CN101190940 as a polypeptide having targeting and anti-thrombus activity, including the polypeptides obtained from conjugating modification of an RGD peptide with a YIGS (Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser) peptide.
  • the polypeptides obtained by modification includes YIGSRRGDS, YIGSRRGDV, YIGSRRGDF, YIGSRYIGSK, YIGSRYIGSR, YIGSKRGDS, YIGSKRGDF, YIGSKRGDV, YIGSKYIGSK, YIGSKYIGSR, RGDSRGDS, RGDVRGDV, RGDFRGDF, RGDSYIGSR, RGDSYIGSK, RGDVYIGSR, RGDVYIGSK, RGDVYIGSK, RGDFYIGSR, or RGDFYIGSK.
  • the imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity is 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazo line
  • the peptide having thrombolytic activity is an oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence (Pro-Ala-Lys)
  • the thrombus-targeting peptide is an oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp).
  • the present invention provides a ternary conjugate of “a peptide comprising a PAK sequence/imidazoline/a peptide comprising an RGD sequence” simultaneously having activities in crossing blood-brain barrier, thrombolysis, anti-thrombus and NO free radical scavenging.
  • the imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity is 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
  • the linking arm is L-Lys
  • the peptide having thrombolytic activity is an oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence (Pro-Ala-Lys)
  • the thrombus-targeting peptide is an oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp).
  • the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence may be an ARPAK pentapeptide, a GRPAK pentapeptide, an RPAK tetrapeptide, or a PAK tripeptide;
  • the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp) may be an RGD-based tetrapeptide, such as RGDS, RGDV or RGDF.
  • L-Lys is used as the linking arm, the compound according to the present invention may be of following general formula I-1 or I-2:
  • aa 1 and aa 2 may be both present or both absent, or aa 1 is present but aa 2 is absent; when both of aa 1 and aa 2 are present, aa 1 is R (Arg), and aa 2 is G (Gly), A (Ala) or Q (Gln); when aa 1 is present but aa 2 is absent, aa 1 is R (Arg); aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val), or F (Phe).
  • the compound according to the present invention may be a ternary conjugate of ARPAK/imidazoline/RGD represented by following formula I-1-1; in another preferred example, the compound according to the present invention may be a ternary conjugate of GRPAK/imidazoline/RGD represented by following formula I-1-2; in still another preferred example, the compound according to the present invention may be a ternary conjugate of RPAK/imidazoline/RGD represented by following formula I-1-3; and in still another preferred example, the compound according to the present invention may be a ternary conjugate of PAK/imidazoline/RGD represented by following formula I-1-4:
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val) or F (Phe), preferably V (Val).
  • the compound according to the present invention may be preferably of following general formula I-2-1, I-2-2, I-2-3 or I-2-4:
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val) or F (Phe), preferably V (Val).
  • the imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity is 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
  • the linking arm is L-Asp
  • the peptide having thrombolytic activity is an oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence (Pro-Ala-Lys)
  • the thrombus-targeting peptide is an oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp).
  • L-Asp is used as the linking arm
  • the compound according to the present invention may be of following general formula I-3 or I-4:
  • aa 1 and aa 2 may be both present or both absent, or aa 1 is present but aa 2 is absent; when both of aa 1 and aa 2 are present, aa 1 is R (Arg), and aa 2 is G (Gly), A (Ala) or Q (Gln); when aa 1 is present but aa 2 is absent, aa 1 is R (Arg); aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val), or F (Phe).
  • aa 1 is preferably R (Arg)
  • aa 2 is preferably G (Gly)
  • aa 3 is preferably V (Val).
  • the compound according to the present invention may be preferably of following general formula I-3-1, I-3-2, I-3-3 or I-3-4:
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val) or F (Phe), preferably V (Val).
  • the compound according to the present invention may be preferably of following general formula I-4-1, I-4-2, I-4-3 or I-4-4:
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val) or F (Phe), preferably V (Val).
  • the imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity is 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
  • the linking arm is L-Glu
  • the peptide having thrombolytic activity is an oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence (Pro-Ala-Lys)
  • the thrombus-targeting peptide is an oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp).
  • L-Glu is used as the linking arm, the compound according to the present invention may be of following general formula I-5 or I-6:
  • aa 1 and aa 2 may be both present or both absent, or aa 1 is present but aa 2 is absent; when both of aa 1 and aa 2 are present, aa 1 is R (Arg), and aa 2 is G (Gly), A (Ala) or Q (Gln); when aa 1 is present but aa 2 is absent, aa 1 is R (Arg); aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val), or F (Phe).
  • aa 1 is preferably R (Arg)
  • aa 2 is preferably G (Gly)
  • aa 3 is preferably V (Val).
  • the compound according to the present invention may be preferably of following general formula I-5-1, I-5-2, I-5-3 or I-5-4:
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val) or F (Phe), preferably V (Val).
  • the compound according to the present invention may be preferably of following general formula I-6-1, I-6-2, I-6-3 or I-6-4:
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val) or F (Phe), preferably V (Val).
  • the present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compound according to the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprises the compound of above general formula I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5 or I-6. More preferably, the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprises the compound of above general formula I-1-1, I-1-2, I-1-3 or I-1-4.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprises the compound of the general formula I-1-1, I-1-2, I-1-3 or I-1-4
  • the compound may be in the form of a dimer, trimer or tetramer structure in the pharmaceutical composition, and may be in the form of a nanosphere having a diameter of 2 to 300 nm.
  • the nanospherical structure may preferably have a diameter of 2 to 100 nm. It is a fact well known in nanopharmacology that nanospheres having a diameter of less than 100 nm are less prone to be engulfed by macrophages during transportation in blood and may readily cross the blood capillary wall. These properties allow the compound according to the present invention to cross the blood-brain barrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may be used as a thrombolytic drug in treating diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, occluded central vascular access devices, clotted arteriovenous fistula and shunts, and carotid stenosis.
  • diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, occluded central vascular access devices, clotted arteriovenous fistula and shunts, and carotid stenosis.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may also be used as an NO free radical-scavenging drug in treating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, noise-induced hearing loss, Lou Gehrig's disease or Huntington's disease; in treating cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction; in treating mental diseases, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or autism; and in treating diseases including altitude sickness, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic brain injury, cancer, fragile X syndrome, sickle cell disease, Lichen planus, vitiligo, chronic fatigue syndrome and so on.
  • neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, noise-induced hearing loss, Lou Gehrig's disease or Huntington's disease
  • cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction
  • mental diseases such as
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may further be used as a thrombus targeting/anti-thrombus drug in treating diseases such as thrombocytosis, myeloproliferative disease, polycythemia vera or Budd-Chiari syndrome.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may also be used as a drug in treating stroke or cerebral infarction, preferably in treating stroke or cerebral infarction beyond 3, 4, 6 and 24 hours from the onset of symptoms with successive administrations.
  • the pharmaceutical composition/compound according to the present invention simultaneously has functions of NO free radical scavenging, thrombolysis, and anti-thrombus/thrombus targeting, and therefore shows efficacy even when being administered after 3 hours from the onset of stroke in patients; namely, it is not restricted by the 3-hour window as in the treatment using tPA, does not cause a systemic bleeding response as tPA, and can clear the tremendous amount of NO free radicals generated during ischemia/reperfusion, preventing damage to cranial nerve tissues in patients during the treatment.
  • the nanospherical structures of the compounds are able to maximize the effects of blood-brain barrier crossing, thrombolysis, thrombus targeting/anti-thrombus, as well as the effect of clearing the NO free radicals generated during ischemia/reperfusion.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may be any clinically acceptable formulation, for example, an injectable formulation (powder for injection, lyophilized powder for injection, liquid for injection, infusion etc.), a tablet, oral liquid, a granule, a capsule, a soft capsule, a dripping pill and so on, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers may be one or more of xylitol, manitol, lactose, fructose, dextran, glucose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, low-molecular-weight dextran, sodium chloride, calcium gluconate, or calcium phosphate.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may further comprise an excipient that may be an antioxidant complexing agent, a filler, a framework material, and so on.
  • the present invention further relates to a preparation method of the aforementioned compound of formula I, comprising the steps of:
  • step (3) and (4) are exchangeable in order.
  • step (1) further comprises protecting the second and the third groups for linking on the linking arm (AA 1 ) with protecting groups, and protecting active groups of the peptide having thrombolytic activity (AA 2 ) and of the thrombus-targeting peptide (AA 3 ), other than the end to be used for linking, with protecting groups;
  • step (3) further comprises deprotecting the protected second group for linking first, and then linking the peptide having thrombolytic activity to the deprotected second group for linking;
  • step (4) further comprises deprotecting the protected third group for linking first, and then linking the thrombus-targeting peptide to the deprotected third group for linking; and after step (4), there is further a step of deprotecting the protected active groups of the peptide having thrombolytic activity (AA 2 ) and of the thrombus-targeting peptide (AA 3 ).
  • NN imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity
  • AA 1 the linking arm having at least three groups for linking
  • AA 2 the peptide having thrombolytic activity
  • AA 3 the thrombus-targeting peptide
  • the first group for linking on the linking arm in the preparation method according to the present invention is an amino group
  • the second and the third groups for linking are selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group and an amino group.
  • the imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity is 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
  • the linking arm is L-Lys
  • the peptide having thrombolytic activity is an oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence (Pro-Ala-Lys)
  • the thrombus-targeting peptide is an oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp).
  • FIG. 1 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-1-1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-1-2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-1-3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-1-4.
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val), or F (Phe), as described above.
  • Active groups at appropriate positions on the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence and the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence may be protected per need of conjugation design, so that one end of the selected sequences (comprising an active group to be attached to the linking arm) is used to couple to an active group on the linking arm.
  • the step of coupling the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence and the step of coupling the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence are exchangeable in order. For example, the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence is coupled to the linking arm first, and then the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence is coupled thereto.
  • Active groups include groups that may be subjected to condensation reaction, such as an amino group or a carboxyl group.
  • Amino-protecting groups may be carboxybenzyl (CBz), t-butoxy carbonyl (Boc), 9-florenyl methoxy carbonyl (Fmoc), benzyl (Bn) or p-methoxyphenyl (PMP).
  • Carboxyl-protecting groups may be methyl ester (OMe), benzyl ester (OBn), benzyl methyl ester (Obzl), t-butyl ester (OBUT), or silyl ester (OSi(CH 3 ) 3 ).
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 show a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-2-1.
  • FIG. 6 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-2-2.
  • FIG. 7 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-2-3.
  • FIG. 8 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-2-4.
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val), or F (Phe), as described above.
  • 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4′-oxyacetyl-Lys-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline may be prepared first, and then the C terminal of the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence is attached to the amino group on the Lys linking arm; and finally, the N terminal of the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence is attached to the deprotected carboxyl group on the linking arm.
  • the imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity is 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
  • the linking arm is L-Asp
  • the peptide having thrombolytic activity is an oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence (Pro-Ala-Lys)
  • the thrombus-targeting peptide is an oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp)
  • 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline is linked to the amino group on the L-Asp linking arm
  • the amino group on the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence is linked to one carboxyl group on the L-Asp linking arm
  • the amino group on the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence is
  • FIGS. 9 to 12 show a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-3-1.
  • FIG. 10 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-3-2.
  • FIG. 11 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-3-3.
  • FIG. 12 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-3-4.
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val), or F (Phe), as described above.
  • 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4′-oxyacetyl-Asp-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline may be prepared first, and then the N terminal of the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence is attached to one carboxyl group on the Asp linking arm; and finally, the N terminal of the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence is attached to another deprotected carboxyl group on the Asp linking arm.
  • FIGS. 13 to 16 show a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-4-1.
  • FIG. 14 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-4-2.
  • FIG. 15 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-4-3.
  • FIG. 16 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-4-4.
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val), or F (Phe), as described above.
  • 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4′-oxyacetyl-Asp-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline may be prepared first, and then the N terminal of the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence is attached to one carboxyl group on the Asp linking arm; and finally, the N terminal of the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence is attached to another deprotected carboxyl group on the Asp linking arm.
  • the imidazoline having NO free radical scavenging activity is 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
  • the linking arm is L-Glu
  • the peptide having thrombolytic activity is an oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence (Pro-Ala-Lys)
  • the thrombus-targeting peptide is an oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp)
  • 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline is linked to the amino group on the L-Glu linking arm
  • the amino group on the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence is linked to one carboxyl group on the L-Glu linking arm
  • the amino group on the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence is linked to another carboxy
  • FIGS. 17 to 20 show a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-5-1.
  • FIG. 18 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-5-2.
  • FIG. 19 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-5-3.
  • FIG. 20 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-5-4.
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val), or F (Phe), as described above.
  • 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4′-oxyacetyl-Glu-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline may be prepared first, and then the N terminal of the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence is attached to one carboxyl group on the Glu linking arm; and finally, the N terminal of the oligopeptide comprising an PAK sequence is attached to another deprotected carboxyl group on the Glu linking arm.
  • FIGS. 21 to 24 show a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-6-1.
  • FIG. 22 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-6-2.
  • FIG. 23 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-6-3.
  • FIG. 24 shows a synthesis scheme for the compound of general formula I-6-4.
  • aa 3 may be S (Ser), V (Val), or F (Phe), as described above.
  • 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4′-oxyacetyl-Glu-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline may be prepared first, and then the N terminal of the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence is attached to one carboxyl group on the Glu linking arm; and finally, the N terminal of the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence is attached to another deprotected carboxyl group on the Glu linking arm.
  • the oligopeptide comprising a PAK sequence may be ARPAK(Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys), GRPAK(Gly-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys), QRPAK(Gln-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys), RPAK(Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys) or PAK(Pro-Ala-Lys), and the oligopeptide comprising an RGD sequence may be RGDS(Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser), RGDV(Arg-Gly-Asp-Val) or RGDF(Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe).
  • high NO free radical-scavenging activity is demonstrated by in vivo rat models of NO free radical scavenging; superior thrombolysis and anti-thrombus activities are demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments of thrombolysis and anti-thrombus; neuroprotective efficacy and superior anti-stroke activity are demonstrated by in vivo rat stroke models; and efficacy in decreasing cerebral infarction volume is demonstrated by rat stroke models.
  • FIG. 1 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-1-1);
  • FIG. 2 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-1-2);
  • FIG. 3 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-1-3);
  • FIG. 4 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-1-4);
  • FIG. 5 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-2-1);
  • FIG. 6 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-2-2);
  • FIG. 7 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-2-3);
  • FIG. 8 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-2-4);
  • FIG. 9 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-3-1);
  • FIG. 10 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-3-2);
  • FIG. 11 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-3-3);
  • FIG. 12 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-3-4);
  • FIG. 13 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-4-1);
  • FIG. 14 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-4-2);
  • FIG. 15 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-4-3);
  • FIG. 16 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-4-4);
  • FIG. 17 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-5-1);
  • FIG. 18 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-5-2);
  • FIG. 19 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-5-3);
  • FIG. 20 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-5-4);
  • FIG. 21 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-6-1);
  • FIG. 22 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-6-2);
  • FIG. 23 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-6-3);
  • FIG. 24 shows a synthesis scheme for an embodiment of the compound according to the present invention (the compound of general formula I-6-4);
  • FIG. 25 shows the nanostructures of compound Ia according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 26 shows the nanostructures of compound Ib according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 27 shows the nanostructures of compound Ic according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 28 shows the nanostructures of compound Id according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 29 shows the nanostructures of compound Ie according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 30 shows the nanostructures of compound If according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 31 shows the nanostructures of compound Ig according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 32 shows the nanostructures of compound Ih according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 33 shows the nanostructures of compound Ii according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 34 shows the nanostructures of compound Ij according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 35 shows the nanostructures of compound Ik according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 36 shows the nanostructures of compound Il according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions;
  • FIG. 37 shows the high-resolution FT-MS spectrum of compound Ie according to the present invention at a concentration of 0.01 ⁇ M
  • FIG. 38 shows the high-resolution FT-MS spectrum of compound Ie according to the present invention at a concentration of 0.1 ⁇ M
  • FIG. 39 shows the high-resolution FT-MS spectrum of compound Ie according to the present invention at a concentration of 1 ⁇ M
  • FIG. 40 shows the high-resolution FT-MS spectrum of compound Ie according to the present invention at a concentration of 10 ⁇ M.
  • the slurry was evenly mixed and extracted for 6 h by using a Soxhlet extractor with chloroform as the extractant.
  • the extract was concentrated under reduced pressure into a small amount, into which petroleum ether was added to precipitate 2.60 g of the title compound (44%) as a colorless crystal, Mp 157-159° C.
  • Thrombus Targeting/Anti-Thrombus Peptide Properly Protected RGDS, RGDV, RGDF
  • Boc-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl was dissolved in a 15 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl 3 :MeOH, 20:1).
  • the reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
  • Boc-Arg(NO 2 )-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl was dissolved in 3 ml methanol followed by addition of a NaOH aqueous solution (2N), and then stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC. With pH adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted in 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL ⁇ 3).
  • Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl was dissolved in 3 ml methanol followed by addition of a NaOH aqueous solution (2N), and then stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC. With pH adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted in 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL ⁇ 3).
  • the anchor to which the aorta rings were immobilized was connected to a tension transducer, and vasomotion curves were recorded on a dual-trace recorder at a paper speed of 1 mm/min.
  • the static tension adjusted to 1.0 g and 30 min of equilibration, norepinephrine at a final concentration of 10 ⁇ 8 M was dosed to allow the aorta to contract for preexcitation.
  • Norepinephrine was washed off, followed by 30 min of equilibration, and norepinephrine was added into the bath to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ 8 M.
  • Ia to Il were able to inhibit acetylcholine's vasodilating effect on the vessel pieces by scavenging NO.
  • a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK, GRPAK, RPAK or PAK and a targeting peptide RGDS, RGDV or RGDF to a free radical scavenger (1,3-dioxo-2-(4′-oxyacetoxyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, TMMZ) via Lys
  • 9 compounds had substantially higher activity in inhibition of acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation than TMMZ
  • 2 compounds had the same activity in inhibition of acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation as TMMZ
  • one compound was less active in inhibition of acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation than TMMZ.
  • Pig blood was taken and mixed with 3.8% sodium citrate in a volume ratio of 9:1, immediately centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 10 min, and platelet-poor plasma was separated. 2 mL platelet-poor pig plasma and 36 mL ultrapure water were added into a 50 mL centrifuge tube. In each tube, 0.4 mL acetic acid (1%) was added and thoroughly mixed, and the tube was placed in a 4° C. refrigerator for 10 min and then centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 10 min. The centrifuge tubes were inverted, and then the inner wall of the tubes was dried using a filter paper after the liquid was drained.
  • the euglobuin pellets resulting from centrifugation was freeze-dried for about 40 min and scratched out. About 35 mg euglobuin was taken and dissolved in 7 ml borax buffer (pH 9.28). The euglobuin were mostly dissolved after 1 h, into which 0.7 mL CaCl 2 solution (25 mM) was added, and immediately plated on a 10 ⁇ 10 cm glass plate with a thickness of about 1 mm.
  • SD rats male, 350 to 400 g were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a urethane solution at a dosage of 1200 mg/kg.
  • the anaesthetized rats were fixed in a supine position, and the right common carotid artery was dissected, clamped at the proximal end with an arterial clip, and penetrated with a suture at the proximal and distal ends, respectively.
  • the suture at the distal end is clipped tightly by a hemostatic clamp at the fur.
  • Cannulation was performed at the distal end, the artery clamp was removed, and the total arterial blood was discharged into a 50 ml container previously treated with silicone oil.
  • 0.8 ml rat arterial blood was injected into a vertically fixed glass tube (20 mm in length, with an inner diameter of 4 mm and an outer diameter of 5 mm, sealed with a rubber stopper at the bottom), into which was immediately inserted a thrombus immobilization screw made of stainless steel.
  • the thrombus immobilization screw formed by coiling of a stainless steel wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm, had a spiral part of 18 mm in length, 15 coils each having a diameter of 1.8 mm, and a stem of 7.0 mm in length which was connected to the spiral part and had a question-mark-like shape.
  • the rubber stopper at the bottom of the glass tube was removed, the stem of the thrombus immobilization screw was nipped by forceps, and the thrombus-wrapped thrombus immobilization screw was carefully taken out from the glass tube. The screw was then suspended and dipped in triple-distilled water to remove excessive blood, and accurately weighed after 1 h.
  • the thrombus was suspended in 8 mL of normal saline, or a solution of compounds Ia-Il in normal saline (at a concentration of 100 nM), or a solution of ARPAK, GRPAK, RPAK or PAK in normal saline (at a concentration of 100 nM), or a solution of urokinase in normal saline (100 IU/mL), then shaked at 37° C. in a thermostatic shaker (63 r/min), and removed after 2 h and accurately weighed to determine the weight of the thrombus.
  • the difference in thrombus mass before and after the administration was calculated, and the results are listed in Table 3.
  • the activity of Ia to Ic was comparable to that of ARPAK, the activity of Id to If was comparable to that of GRPAK, the activity of Ig to Ii was comparable to that of RPAK, and the activity of Ij to Ii was comparable to that of PAK, on one hand the in vitro thrombolytic activity of Ia to Il could be attributed to the activity of the thrombolytic peptide, and on the other hand the linking of the thrombolytic peptide ARPAK, GRPAK, RPAK or PAK and the targeting peptide RGDS, RGDV or RGDF to the free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys did not abate the activity of the thrombolytic peptide.
  • SD rats male, 220 to 230 g were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a urethane solution at a dosage of 1200 mg/kg.
  • the anaesthetized rats were fixed in a supine position, and the right common carotid artery was dissected, clamped at the proximal end with an arterial clip, and penetrated with a suture at the proximal and distal ends, respectively.
  • the suture at the distal end is clipped tightly by a hemostatic clamp at the fur.
  • Cannulation was performed at the distal end, the arterial clamp was removed, and about 1 ml arterial blood was discharged into a 1 ml eppendorf 0.1 ml rat arterial blood was injected into a vertically fixed glass tube (15 mm in length, with an inner diameter of 2.5 mm and an outer diameter of 5.0 mm, sealed with a rubber stopper at the bottom), into which was immediately inserted a thrombus immobilization screw made of stainless steel.
  • the thrombus immobilization screw formed by coiling of a stainless steel wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm, had a spiral part of 12 mm in length, 15 coils each having a diameter of 1.8 mm, and a stem of 1.0 mm in length which was connected to the spiral part and had a question-mark-like shape. 15 min after the blood was coagulated, the rubber stopper at the bottom of the glass tube was removed, the stem of the thrombus immobilization screw was nipped by forceps, and the thrombus-wrapped thrombus immobilization screw was carefully taken out of the glass tube and then accurately weighed.
  • a bypass cannula was composed of 3 segments.
  • the middle segment was a polyethylene tubing having a length of 60.0 mm and an inner diameter of 3.5 mm.
  • the segments on both ends were similar polyethylene tubes having a length of 100.0 mm, an inner diameter of 1.0 mm and an outer diameter of 2.0 mm, one end of which was pulled to form a tip, with an outer diameter of 1.0 mm, that could be inserted into the rat carotid artery or vein, and the other end of which was sheathed by a polyethylene tube having a length of 7.0 mm and an outer diameter of 3.5 mm (thickened in order to be inserted into the polyethylene tubing of the middle segment).
  • the inner wall of the 3-segment cannula was entirely silylated (with 1% silicone oil in ethyl ether).
  • the thrombus-wrapped thrombus immobilization screw was placed into the polyethylene tubing of the middle segment, and both ends of the tubing sheathed the thickened ends of the two polyethylene tubes.
  • the cannula was filled with a heparin solution in normal saline (50 IU/kg) through the tip end by using an injector and was ready for use.
  • the trachea of the anaesthetized rat was then dissected and tracheal cannulation was performed.
  • the left external carotid vein of the rat was dissected, and penetrated with a suture at the proximal and distal ends, respectively.
  • An uneven open incision was careful made on the exposed left external carotid vein, and the tip of the bypass cannula prepared as described above was inserted into the proximal end of the open incision in the left external carotid vein, away from the stem of the thrombus immobilization screw in the middle segment of the bypass cannula (which accommodated the accurately weighed thrombus immobilization screw).
  • a precise amount of heparin in saline 50 IU/kg was injected through the tip at the other end by using an injector.
  • the tubing between the injector and the polyethylene tube was clamped with forceps.
  • the blood flow was stopped by clamping the proximal end of the right common carotid artery with an arterial clip, and an uneven open incision was cut carefully across the common carotid artery near the clip.
  • the injector was pulled out of the tip of the polyethylene tube, and the tip of the polyethylene tube was then inserted into the proximal end of the artery open incision. Both ends of the bypass cannula were fixed to the artery or vein with #4 sutures.
  • Normal saline (3 mL/kg), or a urokinase solution in normal saline (at a dose of 20000 IU/kg), or a solution of one of compounds Ia-Il in normal saline (at a dose of 0.1 ⁇ mol/kg), or a solution ARPAK, GRPAK, RPAK or PAK in normal saline (at a dose of 1 ⁇ mol/kg), was connected to a position close to the vein away from the thrombus immobilization screw by using a scalp needle to puncture the middle segment of the bypass cannula (which accommodated the accurately weighed thrombus immobilization screw).
  • the artery clip was then removed to allow blood to flow from the artery to the vein through the bypass cannula.
  • a rat arteriovenous bypass thrombolysis model was thus established.
  • the solution in the injector was slowly injected into blood, enabling normal saline (blank control), urokinase (positive control), ARPAK, GRPAK, RPAK or PAK (component control), or Ia-Il to act on the thrombus through blood circulation in the order of vein-heart-artery.
  • the process was timed at the beginning of injection, and the thrombus immobilization screw was removed from the bypass cannula after 1 h and accurately weighed.
  • the difference in the mass of the thrombus immobilization screw in the rat bypass cannula before and after the administration was determined, and the experimental results are shown in Table 4.
  • the effective dosage could be decreased by 10 folds.
  • SD rats male, 220 to 230 g were randomly divided into groups with 11 rats in each group. The rats were fed at a resting state for 1 day and fasted overnight. The rats were given normal saline (at a dose of 3 mL/kg), a solution of one of compounds Ia-Il in normal saline (at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg), a solution of the targeting peptide RGDS, RGDV or RGDF in normal saline (at a dose of 10 ⁇ mol/kg), or aspirin (at a dose of 33 mg/kg) by gavage.
  • normal saline at a dose of 3 mL/kg
  • a solution of one of compounds Ia-Il in normal saline at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg
  • a solution of the targeting peptide RGDS, RGDV or RGDF in normal saline
  • aspirin at a dose of 33 mg/kg
  • the rats were anesthetized with a 20% urethane solution, and the right carotid artery and the left carotid vein were dissected.
  • a cannula was filled with sodium heparin in normal saline, and one end thereof was inserted into the left vein, while the other end was injected with a certain amount of sodium heparin for anticoagulation with an injector and then inserted into the right artery.
  • the effective dosage could be decreased by 100 folds.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia.
  • the carotid artery was dissected, 15 mL fresh arterial blood was drawn, and aliquots of 10 ⁇ L each were then added into 1.5 mL EP vials.
  • the thrombus formed was firstly kept at RT for 24 h. When used, 0.5 mL saline was added to the thrombus which was broken up by using a glass rod, so as to prepare a thrombus homogenate suspension solution, with a volume of about 0.1 mm 3 for each thrombus pieces.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia.
  • a longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length).
  • Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck.
  • the open incisions in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated.
  • a catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk.
  • the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery.
  • the proximal end of the carotid internal artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored.
  • the main jugular external vein was dissected, and normal saline (blank control) or a solution of the compounds of the present invention in normal saline was infused through the jugular external vein. After the wound was stitched up, 20,000 IU penicillin was intramuscularly injected for prevention from infection. The model of immediate treatment after the onset of stroke was thus established.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia.
  • a longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length).
  • Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck.
  • the open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated.
  • a catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk.
  • the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery.
  • the proximal end of the carotid artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored.
  • the efficacy after immediate, 4 h post-onset treatment, and 6 h post-onset treatment of stroke rats with the compounds according to the present invention means the result of scoring of rats' behaviors 24 h after the rats regained consciousness.
  • the behaviors include the walking manner, the degree of drooping of the right eye lid, the degree of tail stiffness, tension of muscles, the degree of head tilting, the support force of limbs, and the death status.
  • the efficacy in 24 h post-onset treatment of stroke in rats with the compounds according to the present invention means the result of observation of rats' behaviors 24 h after the rats regained consciousness.
  • the behaviors include the walking manner, the degree of drooping of the right eye lid, the degree of tail stiffness, tension of muscles, the degree of head tilting, the support force of limbs, and the death status.
  • Rats with stroke with continuous treatment were injected with the compounds of the present invention in normal saline every 24 h through the tail vein. On the next day, the videos were recorded, and comparison was made among the recorded results.
  • the in vivo anti-stroke activity of the present invention was represented by neural function scores, with a lower score indicating higher activity.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution 400 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally into SD male rats (250-300 g) for anesthesia.
  • An open incision of 2 cm in length was longitudinally made slightly on the right to the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk, carotid external artery and carotid internal artery were dissected along the margin of the inner side of sternocleidomastoid muscles.
  • the open incisions in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips.
  • the blood clots were taken out, into which 1 mL saline was added, and then broken into uniform microthrombus by using a steel spatula.
  • the microthrombus suspension was then transferred to a 1 mL injector until use.
  • 1 mL thrombus suspension in the injector was slowly injected from the carotid external artery of the rat to its proximal end, and the suspension was injected into the brain of the rat through the carotid internal artery.
  • the proximal end of the carotid external artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored.
  • the jugular common vein of the rats was dissected. The vein was immediately ligated, 3 drops of penicillin was dropped at the wound site, the wound was stitched up, and the animals were allowed to come around, as the sham operation group.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 6.
  • the compounds Ia-Ic obtained by linking a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK, GRPAK, RPAK or PAK and a targeting peptide RGDS, RGDV or RGDF to a free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, exhibited anti-stroke activity at a dosage of 0.1 ⁇ mol/kg, whereas urokinase did not exhibit anti-stroke activity at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg.
  • the thrombolytic peptide ARPAK, GRPAK, RPAK or PAK did not exhibit anti-stroke activity at a dosage of 1 ⁇ mol/kg.
  • the compounds were provided with an anti-stroke function.
  • 4 compounds had anti-stroke activity comparable to that of urokinase at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg, and 8 compounds had remarkably higher anti-stroke activity than that of urokinase at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg.
  • mice After the rats were awake for 24 h and assessed for their degree of damage in neural function in Experimental example 6, they were anesthesized with urethane followed by immediate decapitation and removal of the brain. Brain tissues were kept in a ⁇ 20° C. refrigerator for 2 h, and coronal sections of about 2 mm were successively sliced from the prefrontal end for a total of 6 sections, and then placed into a 2% TTC solution to incubate in darkness at 37° C. for 30 min. The color change in brain sections was observed: normal brain tissues were stained red by TTC, while ischemic brain tissues, i.e., brain tissues with infracts, appeared in a white color. Photographs were taken by using a digital camera and processed with SPSS statistics software, and the volume of infarction in brain tissues and the volume of normal brain tissues in the coronal sections were calculated. The experimental results are shown in Table 7.
  • compound Ie was used as the representative, in order to demonstrate the dose-dependent therapeutic effect exhibited by compounds Ia to Il in the above experiments. It should be noted that other compounds of Ia to Il could achieve similar dose-dependent therapeutic effect as compound Ie did, since the other compounds of Ia to Il had achieved the same effect as compound Ie in NO free radical scavenging, euglobulin clot lysis, thrombolysis, anti-thrombus action, and treatment of stroke in rats.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution 400 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats (250 to 300 g) for anesthesia.
  • An incision of about 2 cm in length was longitudinally made slightly on the right to the center of the neck, and the right carotid common artery, carotid external artery and carotid internal artery were dissected along the margin of the inner side of sternocleidomastoid muscles.
  • the open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips.
  • a small incision was made on the carotid external artery, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated.
  • the arterial clip at the proximal end of the carotid external artery was released, and 10 ⁇ l blood was drawn before the proximal end of the common carotid artery was again occluded with a noninvasive arterial clip.
  • the 10 ⁇ l blood drawn was placed in a 1 mL EP vial and kept at RT for 30 min until coagulation of blood, and then transferred into a ⁇ 20° C. refrigerator for 1 h to allow solid coagulation. After 1 h, the blood clots were taken out, added into 1 mL saline, and then broken into relatively uniform microthrombus by using a steel spatula. The microthrombus suspension was then transferred into a 1 mL injector until use.
  • the 1 mL thrombus suspension in the injector was slowly injected from the carotid external artery of the rat to its proximal end, and then was injected into the brain of the rat through the carotid internal artery. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid external artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the carotid common artery were released, and blood flow was restored.
  • a score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function
  • 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out
  • 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side
  • 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side
  • 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness
  • 5 indicated death.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 8.
  • the percentage of rats with a neural function score of 0 was 60%, 30%, and 0%, respectively; and the percentage of rats with a neural function score of 1 was 20%, 30%, and 10%, respectively.
  • the anti-stroke activity of compound Ie was dose-dependent.
  • the efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates higher efficacy.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia.
  • a longitudinal incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right carotid common artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length).
  • Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck.
  • the open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated.
  • a catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk.
  • the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery.
  • Infusion of compound Ie in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for 6 consecutive days, observed for 7 days.
  • the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method.
  • infusion of urokinase in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for two consecutive days, the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method.
  • infusion of tPA in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for two consecutive days, the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method.
  • the experimental results are shown in Tables 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3.
  • the efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates higher efficacy.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia.
  • a longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length).
  • Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck.
  • the open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated.
  • a catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk.
  • the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery.
  • Infusion of compound Ie in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for 6 consecutive days, observed for 7 days. The rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method.
  • infusion of urokinase in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for two consecutive days, the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method.
  • infusion of tPA in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for two consecutive days, the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method.
  • the experimental results are shown in Tables 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3.
  • the efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates higher efficacy.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia.
  • a longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length).
  • Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck.
  • the open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated.
  • a catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk.
  • the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery.
  • the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method.
  • a score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function
  • 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out
  • 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side
  • 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side
  • 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness
  • 5 indicated death.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 11.
  • the efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates a higher efficacy.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia.
  • a longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length).
  • Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck.
  • the open incisions in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated.
  • a catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk.
  • the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery.
  • the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method.
  • a score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function
  • 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out
  • 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side
  • 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side
  • 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness
  • 5 indicated death.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 12.
  • the efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates a higher efficacy.
  • a 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia.
  • a longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length).
  • Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck.
  • the open incisions in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated.
  • a catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk.
  • the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery.
  • the thrombus clots used in this experimental example was a remarkably solid thrombus suspension in normal saline prepared by using more aged thrombus having been stored at RT for 24 h, instead of the thrombus suspension in normal saline prepared by using thrombus stored at ⁇ 24° C.
  • the proximal end of the carotid artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored.
  • 20,000 IU penicillin was intramuscularly injected for prevention from infection.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 13.
  • Compounds Ia to Il according to the present invention were prepared into 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M solutions, respectively. 10 ⁇ L solution was taken and dropped onto a copper grid with a filter paper placed underneath, air dried, and then observed under a transmission electronic microscope (TEM) (JEOL, JEM-1230). Photographs were taken so as to record the morphology and particle size.
  • TEM transmission electronic microscope
  • Test compound compounds Ia to Il of the present invention
  • test method the test compound (Ia to Il) was prepared into 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M solutions with triple-distilled water, respectively. A small amount (about 10 ⁇ l) was taken and dropped onto the surface of a copper grid with a filter paper placed underneath, air dried, and were then observed under TEM (JEOL, JEM-1230) for the morphology and particle size which were recorded in photographs.
  • TEM JEOL, JEM-1230
  • FIGS. 25 to 36 show the nanostructures of compound Ia according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ia in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 3.1 to 86.1 nm;
  • FIG. 26 shows the nanostructures of compound Ib according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ib in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 4.3 to 297.9 nm;
  • FIG. 25 shows the nanostructures of compound Ia according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ib in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 4.3 to 297.9 nm;
  • FIG. 27 shows the nanostructures of compound Ic according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ic in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 2.2 to 165.7 nm;
  • FIG. 28 shows the nanostructures of compound Id according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Id in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 16.2 to 201.2 nm;
  • FIG. 28 shows the nanostructures of compound Id according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Id in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 16.2 to 201.2 nm;
  • FIG. 29 shows the nanostructures of compound Ie according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ie in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 3.3 to 138.9 nm;
  • FIG. 30 shows the nanostructures of compound If according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of If in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 3.6 to 82.4 nm;
  • FIG. 30 shows the nanostructures of compound If according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of If in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 3.6 to 82.4 nm;
  • FIG. 31 shows the nanostructures of compound and the nanostructures of Ig in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 6.3 to 264.5 nm;
  • FIG. 32 shows the nanostructures of compound Ih according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ih in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 5.1 to 149.8 nm;
  • FIG. 32 shows the nanostructures of compound Ih according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ih in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 5.1 to 149.8 nm;
  • FIG. 33 shows the nanostructures of compound Ii according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ii in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 4.7 to 107.7 nm;
  • FIG. 34 shows the nanostructures of compound Ij according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ij in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 9.1 to 73.7 nm;
  • FIG. 34 shows the nanostructures of compound Ij according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ij in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 9.1 to 73.7 nm;
  • FIG. 34 shows the nano
  • FIG. 35 shows the nanostructures of compound Ik according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Ik in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 10.1 to 66.7 nm;
  • FIG. 36 shows the nanostructures of compound Il according to the present invention in 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 M aqueous solutions, and the nanostructures of Il in the aqueous solutions are nanospheres having a diameter of 6.1 to 153.3 nm.
  • Table 14 to 16 show the precise mass numbers measured by FT High resolution MS. These mass numbers indicate that dimers, trimers, and tetramers were all detected at three different concentrations of compounds Ia-Il of the present invention. Therefore, the compounds according to the present invention can form dimers, trimers and tetramers in an aqueous solution at the same time.
  • 40 is the high-resolution FT-MS spectrum of compound Ie according to the present invention at a concentration of 10 nM: 915.84163 is the triple-charged ion of the dimer, 1030.32067 is the quadruple-charged ion of the trimer, and 1099.00914 is the quintuple-charged ion of the tetramer.
  • the dimers, trimers and tetramers formed by the compounds of the present invention further assembled into nanospheres having a diameter of 2 to 300 nm.
  • nanospheres having a diameter less than 100 nm was over 99%. It is a well known fact in nanopharmacology that nanospheres having a diameter of less than 100 nm are unlikely to be engulfed by macrophages during transportation in blood and may readily cross the capillary wall.
  • These properties allow the compounds according to the present invention to cross the blood-brain barrier. It is the property of crossing the blood-brain barrier of the compounds according to the present invention that enables the metabolic products of the compounds according to the present invention to be detectable in brain tissues in rats receiving treatment of stroke.
  • the entire rat brain was taken out and placed into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, into which 10 mL 0.9% NaCl was added, and homogenized to obtain a uniform suspension which was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. 5 mL supernatant was added into 10 mL methanol and evenly mixed by shaking, and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was concentrated under reduced pressure until dry, followed by addition of 1 mL methanol, and again centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 10 min. The resultant supernatant was used for monitoring of the content of metabolic products in brain tissues in rats treated with compound Ie.

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US20160083423A1 (en) * 2013-06-05 2016-03-24 Shanghai Lumosa Therapeutics Co., Ltd. New compounds having triple activities of thrombolysis, antithrombotic and radical scavenging, and synthesis, nano-structure and use thereof
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CN115403653A (zh) * 2022-05-19 2022-11-29 首都医科大学 D(+)-β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-乳酰-Pro-Ala-Lys,其合成及应用

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