US20130213254A1 - Sustainable circulating railway line and network - Google Patents

Sustainable circulating railway line and network Download PDF

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US20130213254A1
US20130213254A1 US13/846,913 US201313846913A US2013213254A1 US 20130213254 A1 US20130213254 A1 US 20130213254A1 US 201313846913 A US201313846913 A US 201313846913A US 2013213254 A1 US2013213254 A1 US 2013213254A1
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circular
circulating
turnout
line
network
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Sucai DAI
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B1/00—General arrangement of stations, platforms, or sidings; Railway networks; Rail vehicle marshalling systems
    • B61B1/02—General arrangement of stations and platforms including protection devices for the passengers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B1/00—General arrangement of stations, platforms, or sidings; Railway networks; Rail vehicle marshalling systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

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  • the invention relates to a railway route-system and line/network planning, and more particularly to the structure of multi-track turnouts, junctions and stations, and inside which switch-compages.
  • a railway network is the foundation of vehicles' operation.
  • Metro and Regional lines mainly adopt Back-and-Forth (BF) routing, disconnecting each other, allowing no vehicles' transfer but only passengers' interchange on-foot.
  • the Inter-City railway (IC) is bond to too many switches and crosses (i.e. red-lights), to dispatch continuous train-shifts local and express.
  • lines can hardly connect each other by existing turnouts or junctions, while keeping traffic flow saturate and balanced, let alone reorganizing multi-way trains; and rail-transit in general can hardly expand its service layover to replace general traffics.
  • a sustainable railway network which comprises circular-turnouts covered by multi-way stations, as cores and/or key nodes of the circulating lines/networks and of the feeder-lines/nets derived; which employs the circulating route-system to minimize red-lights, enhance and balance multi-way traffic flow; which facilitates vehicles' interchange and reorganizing, and passengers' on-board and/or easy transfer; and which improves service layover, safety and efficiency in general, and effectively reduces the building and operating cost of the railway network.
  • a circular-turnout comprises at least three multi-connected BF ports, and at least one set of at least three-way circular V-ramps or tracks, facilitating at least tri-directional vehicles turning from the Back-track of each BF port into the Forth-track of the same (right or left) side nearby BF port, completing a circulation.
  • the V-ramp is compound of multiple ramps, assembling a crescent shaped junction; the flat bottom V-track with two ramps comprises a serial of two Crescent Junctions (VCJ).
  • the Crescent Junction is one-way-through, restricting all ramps inside unidirectional and non-crossing each other, comprising an Overtaking Track (OT) by its shorter and less-curved side, Platform-Tracks (PT) by its longer and more-curved side, and a Train-Yard (TY) in between.
  • OT Overtaking Track
  • PT Platform-Tracks
  • TY Train-Yard
  • the circular-turnout is a poly-rails turnout, comprising at least three multi-connected Bf or bF or BF or bf ports, and at least one set of at least three-way V or v-ramps of at least two rail-types in circulation.
  • the T-link comprises at least one d-m ramp across T-shoulders in horns' shape, connecting one BF port at T-foot.
  • the d-m ramp is one-way, starting from a diverging-switch and ending by a merging-switch, both d/m switches irreversible with fork-angles outpointing.
  • the d-m ramp or D-M track is restricted within the turnout range, and by its ship lock structure, employs four ways of switching: d/m both-on, d-on/m-off, d-off/m-on, d/m both-off.
  • the switchable turnout or circular-switchable turnout enjoys at least one switch-frozen model, during which period at least one d-m both-off ramp/track is modified into a parking lot or shuttle-line, without interfering rest of the traffic inside the turnout.
  • the multi-way station is a station or a group of sub-stations covering a circular-turnout, including a station or sub-station covering a poly-rails turnout or poly-rails hub.
  • the poly-rails hub comprises at least one circular-turnout made of at least one rail-type.
  • a multi-way station comprises at least one multi-lateral platform with at least three boarding sides, for trains of at least one rail-type; and which is monolayer or split-leveled or connected by split-level passages.
  • the multi-way station facilitates passengers' circular-transfer, when at least three trains of at least one rail-type synchronously stop by the multi-lateral platform in a heads-by-ends manner, and one-step-transfer between the parallel coaches heads-by-ends.
  • the circulating-lines/networks comprise semi-return circulating-lines and non-return circulating-networks.
  • the circulating-line/lines or existing BF line/lines or both together may be modified or merge into one circulating-network, when their peripheral terminals further connected by additional circular-turnouts into an outer circle.
  • the circulating network is a circles-combination, comprising at least one inner-rings-combination of monolayer or grade-separated.
  • the monolayer inner-rings-combination comprises at least two rings of same rotation, which is split-able internally or attachable externally.
  • the grade-separated inner-rings-combination is duplicable in two or four or six directions, comprising at least one self-cross-loop, or at least one self-cross-loop plus at least one ring of same rotation.
  • the self-cross-loop comprises at least three open-end rings of same rotation.
  • the circulating line/network is a feeder-line or feeder-net of a miner rail-type; the feeder-line covers or braids at least one major rail-type, resulting in poly-rails hub/hubs and poly-rails section/sections; the feeder-net inserts or threads the circular-turnout/turnouts of at least one major rail-type, resulting in poly-rails turnouts or poly-rails hubs and poly-rails sections.
  • the feeder-net is an inner-ring or inner-rings-combination, including a polygonal inner-rings-combination; which comprises at least two inner-rings of same rotation connected in alternate angles, and the inside ring is still replace-able by an inner-rings-combination.
  • the poly-rails hub comprises at least two rail-types, and at least one set of V or v-ramps of at least one rail-type; including a Candlestick-hub or Kite-hub or Star-hub, or a Chinese characters “Ge”/“Da”/“Mu”-shaped-hub (“Ge” being a counting word; “Da” meaning “big”, and “Mu” meaning “wood”).
  • the feeder-net is a Circular-Shuttles (CnS) line in an ever closed inner-ring of flexible rotation, comprising at least three trains dividable and reorganize-able.
  • CnS Circular-Shuttles
  • the CnS line When inserted between the nV or nYX turnout of a rapid-rail and nc inner-rings-combination of a light-rail, the CnS line employs same-way feeding or circular-transfer with the outside rapid-rail or the inside light-rail, or keep off from the both side rails' circular-transfer.
  • a sustainable railway network of a second embodiment of the invention comprising circular-turnouts and/or plate-turnouts, covered by multi-way stations, as cores and/or key nodes of circulating lines/networks, including feeder-lines/nets derived, employs circulating route-system to minimize red-lights, enhance and balance traffic flows; and facilitates vehicles' interchange and reorganizing, and passengers' on-board and/or easy transfer.
  • the plate-turnout comprises at least one circular-plate; the circular-plate is a double-track plate or a triple-track plate, facilitating bidirectional or tri-directional vehicles to pass through or circular-switch.
  • the circular-plate is a suspended plate of a pot-cover shape, comprising double or triple track-slots fixed underneath the plate, facilitating bidirectional or tri-directional suspended vehicles to pass through or circular-switch.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the circulating lines/networks, locations of turnouts and hubs, modification and poly-rails feeder-ship;
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of a 4 VX, or 4 V+, or 8 V hollow-star-turnout
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of 2 YT and I-shaped turnout in a 4 V tree-line
  • FIG. 5 shows the structure of a YT station, platforms and VCJs
  • FIG. 6 shows vehicles' interchange and re-organizing and passengers' transfer in the TZ-turnout/station
  • FIG. 7 shows vehicles' interchange and re-organizing and passengers' transfer in the T-turnout/station
  • FIG. 8 shows vehicles' interchange and re-organizing in the Y 3 T turnout/station
  • FIG. 9 shows a 4 YT tree-line and its further modification into an A/ 4 C circles-combination
  • FIG. 10 magnifies FIG. 1 -T 8 /T 16 , showing the structure of a poly-rails Candlestick-hub;
  • FIG. 11 is the sketch map of a triangle or hexagonal cross-interchange turnout
  • FIG. 12 shows the square or octagonal cross-interchange turnout, structure of c 1 feeder-net and 4 YXv turnouts/sub-stations;
  • FIG. 13 magnifies FIG. 12-Xv , showing the structure of a YXv turnout/sub-station
  • FIG. 14 shows the 4 T and 4 VCJ structure and 4 P multi-lateral platforms, in a kite-hub and covering station;
  • FIG. 15 shows the structure of a hexagonal through-interchange hub
  • FIG. 16 shows the c 1 / 4 / 5 inner-rings threading a compound 4 V and a kite-turnout, and their modification into a polygonal inner-rings combination
  • FIG. 17 magnifies FIG. 15-Mu , showing the structure of Chinese characters “Ge”/“Da”/“Mu”-shaped-hub (“Ge” being a counting word; “Da” meaning “big”, and “Mu” meaning “wood”);
  • FIG. 18 is a sketch map of the Cable-Cars' circles-combination
  • FIG. 19 is a sketch map of a Monorail's circles-combination, and the central part shows a six-way star-hub;
  • FIG. 20 shows vehicles' interchange and reorganizing in a triple-track plate-turnout
  • FIG. 21 shows vehicles' interchange and reorganizing in a double-track plate-turnout
  • FIG. 22 shows the suspended turn-plate of a pot-cover shape, carrying bidirectional suspended vehicles
  • FIG. 23 shows the C′ 1 /C 2 inner-rings-combination duplicable in two directions.
  • FIG. 24 modifies some turnouts of FIG. 23 into the plate-turnouts
  • FIG. 25 shows locations of the 4 v +M( 2 BF+) poly-rails kite-hubs, and monorail's inner-rings-combination duplicable in four directions;
  • FIG. 26 modifies some turnouts of FIG. 25 into the plate-turnouts
  • FIG. 27 magnifies FIG. 25-4 v +M, showing structure of the poly-rails kite-hub.
  • FIG. 28 shows structure of the poly-rails eight-way star-hub.
  • FIG. 1 -T 2 /T 6 /T 10 /T 14 shows a four-terminal line connected by a hollow-X-shaped turnout 4 Yv, taking advantage of four sides' streets to avoid central district. In this way, all trains online circulate among T 2 -T 14 -T 10 -T 6 -T 2 and four double-track sections through the central 4 Yv turnout.
  • a circular-turnout comprises at least three multi-connected Back-and-Forth (BF) ports, and at least one set of at least three-way V-turn ramps or tracks, facilitating vehicles turning from the Back-track of each BF port into the Forth-track of the same (right or left) side nearby BF port, completing an at least three-way circulation, such as B 1 -F 3 /B 3 -F 2 /B 2 -F 1 in FIG. 5 .
  • BF Back-and-Forth
  • the 4 YX turnout comprises 4 BF ports and two sets of 4 V-tracks, outside 4 Y turning left and inside 4 X turning right. Although crossing each other, the 4 X still structure a hollow-X 4 V-tracks in circulation.
  • the rapid-rail track in FIG. 3 -T 2 v is straight, and the outside corner V-ramp in FIG. 18 even turns left; but still either track/ramp runs into the first bF or bf port on its right side, structuring a T 2 v or V 2 v circular-turnout.
  • FIG. 4 shows an I-shaped 4 V turnout, deriving two Y 3 V turnouts; the V 1 - 4 or V 3 - 2 ramp has a short and curved V-bottom; and the V 4 - 3 or V 2 - 1 track has a long and flat V-bottom, deriving a serial of two V-ramps.
  • a V-ramp is compound of parallel ramps non-crossing each other, assembling a junction in crescent shape, namely a Crescent Junction (VCJ).
  • FIG. 10 and FIG. 14 show that, a flat bottom V-track comprises a serial of two VCJs.
  • the VCJ is one-way-through, comprising an Over-taking Ramp (OR) by its shorter and less curved side, Platform Tracks (PT) by its longer and more curved side, and a Train Yard (TY) in between.
  • OR Over-taking Ramp
  • PT Platform Tracks
  • TY Train Yard
  • multi-directional trains can be re-organized or replaced inside their own junctions, without interfering each other. Since at least two VCJs concentrated within one station range, they save land, equipments and manpower for management and maintenance.
  • V-tracks T 2 - 14 - 10 - 6 - 2 , or V-ramps V 1 - 7 - 5 - 3 - 1 structure a 4 VX hollow-X turnout
  • 4 - n V as hollow-star turnouts, which are single-layer to saves space, avoid central obstacle and red-lights, therefore fitting a mass centre or transit-hub.
  • FIG. 3-Yv shows a poly-rails turnout comprising at least three-way V-ramps/tracks of two rail-types, with at least three BF or Bf or bF or bf ports in circulation.
  • the circular-turnout is a switchable turnout or a circular-switchable turnout.
  • the switchable turnout comprises at least one T-link cored by one d-m ramp in horns-shape as FIG. 4 /d 4 -m 1 and magnified as d 3 -m 1 in FIG. 6-T .
  • the circular-switchable turnout comprises at least one set of at least three way V-ramps/tracks totally inserted by d-m ramps as FIG. 8 or by D-M tracks as FIG. 11 .
  • the d-m ramp is one way through, starting from a diverge-switch and ending by a merge-switch, both switches irreversible with a pair of forking-angles out-pointing, and both restricted within the turnout range.
  • the d-m ramp is irreversible as shown by FIG. 6 ; inside which all switches are marked d or m, except the one under Z-track, which is reversible as a merging-switch when a train enters Z-track, and as a diverging-switch when it exits.
  • the d-m ramp employs four switching ways: d/m both-on, d-on/m-off, d-off/m-on and d/m both-off.
  • FIG. 4 shows, a switchable turnout employs at least one switch-frozen model; during 2 Y period the d/m both-off ramps d 4 -m 1 /d 2 -m 3 are modified into parking lots, or during 2 BF+ 2 S period the d/m both-off tracks d 4 -m 3 /d 2 -m 1 are modified into one double-shuttles ( 2 S) line, without interfering rest of the traffic inside the turnout.
  • FIG. 8 -Y 3 T Shown by FIG. 8 -Y 3 T during the Y 3 V switch-frozen period, d/m both-off ramps d 3 -m 1 , d 1 -m 2 and d 2 -m 3 modified into parking lots for stand-by trains 3 R with both-side doors open, serving as walking bridges on the track-pitches.
  • traffic flows may be enhanced by 180% in a balanced way (up to 72′′ per shift instead of present limit 2′).
  • the circular-switchable turnout comprises at least one set of at least three V-ramps/tracks totally inserted by d-m ramps as FIG. 8 , or by D-M tracks as FIG. 11 .
  • the branch traffic flow can be balanced by supplementing a returning track Z ( FIG. 7 ), deriving d 3 -m 2 /d 2 -m 1 ramps besides d 3 -m 1 ; and in this way, the T turnout is modified into a TZ turnout.
  • the branch-train breaks into two parts as well, its F part merges into the trunk at m 1 , its R part switches at d 2 into Z-track, after changing passengers, returns at m 2 , waiting for the next F part from d 3 .
  • the Y 3 T turnout facilitates tri-directional trains' circular-interchange by alternate switching 3 d -on/ 3 m -off before 3 R trains' stop and 3 d -off/ 3 m -on afterwards; so that red-lights minimized.
  • a switch-frozen model is free of red-lights, offering denser shifts and longer trains, especially during the rush-hours; in this way, enhancing and balancing multi-way traffic flows at least in continuous trunks.
  • FIG. 8 -Y 3 T magnified by FIG. 11-upper layer appears a 3 YX triangle cross-interchange turnout, cored by D 1 -M 3 /D 3 -M 5 /D 5 -M 1 3 T-links inside, and 3 V-tracks totally inserted by D 1 -M 5 /D 5 -M 3 /D 3 -M 1 outside.
  • Double layers of 3 YX in alternate angles connected by additional six d-m ramps: d-m 4 /d 2 -m 5 /d 3 -m 6 /d 4 -m 1 /d 5 -m 2 /d 6 -m 3 , assemble a 6 YX hexagram turn-out, balancing traffic flows in 6 BF trunks towards six terminals.
  • 6-8 trains may each break into 3-4 parts, stopping along 3-4 sub-stations; once all parts follow the nD-nd . . . nm-nM order in circulation, same time at different points, or same points in different time, they cross-interchange and reorganize into 6-8 new trains synchronously.
  • a multi-way station is a station (YT) or a group of sub-stations ( 4 Yv) covering a circular-turnout; including a station covering a poly-rails turnout (Yv/T 2 v ), or a poly-rails hub (T 8 /T 16 ).
  • the large scale polygonal IC/RER turnouts can be each covered by a group of 3-16 sub-stations spreading all around; and in this way, improving their service layover and efficiency.
  • a multi-way station comprises at least one multi-lateral platform, which further comprises at least three boarding sides, for at least one rail-type; and which is monolayer or split-leveled (FIG. 27 -p 1 /p 3 /p 5 /p 7 ) or connected by split-level passages (FIG. 14 /P 1 - 4 ).
  • the multi-way station or sub-stations with its/their multi-lateral platform/platforms facilitate passengers' circular-transfer, when at least three trains stop by synchronously, in a manner of heads-by-ends; and facilitate passengers' one-step transfer between parallel coaches heads-by-ends.
  • FIG. 1 8 (parts of) trains synchronously stop by 4 Yv sub-stations in a heads-by-ends manner, performing 4-lateral circular-transit in 4 Yv-P ( FIG. 3 ). Meanwhile, light-rail 4 trains stop by the third sides of Yv-P, in heads-by-ends manners with 8 Metro trains, performing 3-lateral circular-transfer in four independent poly-rails turnouts/stations (Yv).
  • the circulating-lines/networks comprise semi-return circulating-lines and non-return circulating-networks.
  • FIG. 9 shows a 4 YT tree line, when its six peripheral terminals E 1 /E 2 /S and W 1 /W 2 /N all connected by two additional YT turnouts at E 2 /W 2 into an outer ring, there appear one anti-clockwise A-ring, hooping four clockwise inner-rings C 1 /C 2 /C 3 /C 4 ; in this way the circulating line is modified into an A/ 4 C circulating network.
  • FIG. 1 shows, when their peripheral terminals totally connected by YT turnouts at T 1 - 16 , the 4 V (T 2 - 14 - 10 - 6 - 2 ) hollow-star line, the 8 YT (T 15 / 13 / 11 / 9 / 7 / 5 / 3 / 1 ) circle-radial line, and two crossing BF lines (T 4 - 12 /T 8 - 16 ) totally merge into one A/C 2 - 5 circulating-network.
  • the existing suspended monorail or cable-car line is a single ring pressed plat from both sides or pulled flat by two terminals; vehicles' circulation between two points is normally recognized as BF 2 U.
  • FIG. 17 upper-layer shows a Y 3 V 3 U circulating line, with its single ring pressed flat from triple sides; all vehicles semi-return at, and circulate among (at least) three terminals.
  • a non-return circulating network comprises at least one inner-rings combination ( FIG. 1 centre).
  • the inner-rings-combination is duplicable in two ( FIG. 23 ) or four ( FIG. 25 ) or six ( FIG. 16-17 ) ways, comprising at least two inner-rings of same rotation ( FIG. 9 A/ 4 C), or at least one self-cross-loop ( FIG. 25 C′), or at least one self-cross-loop plus at least one inner-ring of same rotation ( FIG. 23 C′ 1 /C 2 ).
  • the self-cross-loop comprises at least three open-end-rings of same rotation ( FIG. 18 C′ 1 or C′ 2 , FIG. 25 C′- 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 ).
  • the existing circle line adopts an A/C or C/A routing, comprising only one inner-ring C or A, in full BF with its outer-ring A or C. While shown by FIG. 9 , the circulating network A/ 4 C comprises 4 C as an inner-rings-combination, each inner-ring C 1 -C 4 in 1 / 4 BF section along the same outer-ring A, and the rest in BF sections with each other.
  • FIG. 22 shows a butterfly-shaped inner-rings combination, comprising only one self-cross-loop, but including four open-end rings C′- 1 /- 2 /- 3 /- 4 , of same rotation; and which is duplicable in four ways.
  • FIG. 19 shows an orange-peels inner-rings-combination, with only one self-cross-loop, which comprises six open-end rings C′- 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 of same rotation.
  • FIG. 18 shows two self-cross-loops C′ 1 /C′ 2 , each in a triple-leaf shape, and comprising three open-end rings of same rotation.
  • the circulating line/network is a feeder-line or feeder-net of a miner rail-type, covering or braiding or inserting or threading at least one major rail-type, resulting in poly-rails turnouts ( FIG. 3 ) or poly-rails hub/hubs ( FIG. 27-28 ) and poly-rails sections.
  • the feeder-net is an inner-ring (FIG. 12 -c 1 ) or inner-rings-combination ( FIG. 1 centre) or a polygonal inner-rings-combination ( FIG. 16 c 1 /c 4 /c 5 ); which comprises at least two rings of same rotation and connected by alternate angles, the inside ring is replaceable by an inner-rings-combination.
  • the poly-rails hub comprises at least two rail-types and at least one set of circular V-ramps of at least one rail-type; including a candlestick-hub (FIG. 1 -T 8 / 16 magnified by FIG. 10 ), or a star-hub (FIG. 19 / FIG. 28 ) or a kite-hub ( FIG. 27 ), or a Chinese characters “Ge”/“Da”/“Mu”-shaped-hub (“Ge” being a counting word; “Da” meaning “big”, and “Mu” meaning “wood”) ( FIG. 17 ).
  • a n-way node in connected graph possesses vertex n.
  • a n-way station handles n(n ⁇ 1) trips, passing through or transit, except departure and arrival; i.e. 6 trips by a 3-way station, 12 trips by a 4-way station, 20 trips by a 5-way hub station, 30 trips by a 6-way hub station and 56 trips by an 8-way hub station . . . .
  • FIG. 28 shows, when a Cross-hub of Metro or RER or both together bladed by a Monorail 4 v X Hollow-star turnout/line, structured is a poly-rails 8-way Star-hub; handling 8 trips express, 4 trips circular transfer at bf 1 / 3 / 5 / 7 and 8 trips b-BF-f follow-way feeding . . . totally 56 trips; nearly 5 times than the original Cross-hub and still in the same two-layer space.
  • FIG. 25-4 v +M and magnified as FIG. 27 when four Cross-hubs and lines of Metro overlapping or overlapped by four Monorail 4 v +turnouts and inner-rings-combinations, there come four poly-rail Kite-hubs and more b/BF/f follow-way feeding sections in same tunnels, horizontally bf turn up and vertically bf down. In this way, Metro trains only stop at Cross-hubs, being fed by Monorail trains, stopping every local stations.
  • FIG. 16 -Ge/Da/Mu Shown by FIG. 16 -Ge/Da/Mu and magnified as FIG. 17 , when rapid rails' Chinese characters “Ge”/“Da”/“Mu”-shaped-sub stations (“Ge” being a counting word; “Da” meaning “big”, and “Mu” meaning “wood”) threaded by c 1 /c 4 /c 5 , they are modified into poly-rails hubs.
  • BF 8 /Bf 1 /Bf 2 /bF 6 /bF 7 form a poly-rails 5-way Chinese character “Da”-shaped-hub (“Da” meaning “big”), with a same Yv set; handling 7 express trips among total 20.
  • the whole FIG. 17 appears a poly-rails 6-way Chinese character “Mu”-shaped-hub (“Mu” meaning “wood”), handling 9 express among total 30 trips.
  • Both Chinese characters “Da”/“Mu”-shaped-hubs (“Da” meaning “big” and “Mu” meaning “wood”) comprise a light-rail's K-link, which is cored by d 6 -m 2 ramp in horns-shape.
  • c 4 /c 5 trains synchronously approaching the hub each breaks into two parts; 2 F parts non-stop and keep in their home rings till the post-K stops; 2 R parts switch into the K-link, after changing passengers, cross-interchange to the post-K stops, waiting for the next shift 2 F.
  • FIG. 1-center shaft the BF line of IC railway is covered by Metro A/C 2 - 5 network, deriving two candle-stick hubs (FIG. 1 -T 8 /T 16 magnified by FIG. 10 ), facilitating b-BF-f feeding in T 8 /T 16 hubs and central station as well.
  • IC trains It's better for IC trains to break into F/M/R parts, too, to same time and length of platforms.
  • B-BF-F or B-B/F-F transfer is quite popular in NY or HK Metro, but those are between two lines of same rail-type.
  • the 4 Yv or 4 Xv turnout is inserted by a 3 c inner-rings-combination or a c 1 inner-ring.
  • the 4 Ge/ 4 Da compound 4 VX turnout and the 4 Mu kite-turnout are totally inserted by a polygonal inner-rings-combination c 1 /c 4 /c 5 .
  • both c 1 above can be further modified into nc inner-rings-combination to improve service layover.
  • the feeder-net is a Circular-Shuttles line ( FIG. 3-CnS ), inserting between a rapid-rail's polygonal turnout and a light-rail's inner-rings-combination.
  • the CnS line is an ever-closed ring of flexible rotation, comprising at least three shuttling trains dividable and reorganize-able; making same-way feeding or circular-transfer with outside rapid-trains or inside light-trains, or keeping off from both sides circular-transfer as in FIG. 3 ; in this way, the CnS line enhance and balance A/C traffic flows in the central circle.
  • 4 trains may divide into 8-12 parts, same-way feeding outside rapid-trains, circular-transfer with inside light-trains and keep off from both-side's circular-transfer ( FIG. 3 ) as well.
  • rapid-trains may stop only at 4 Yv or 4 Xv stations;
  • CnS line may restore 4 trains at 4 Yv or 4 Xv and divide into 8-12 parts at T 2 v and other stops repeatedly.
  • rapid-trains get less to stop at 4 Yv/ 4 Xv, 8 (T 2 v ) and 4 cross stations, while CnS trains replace them in circular-transfer, or same-way feed inside light-trains.
  • a sustainable railway network of a second embodiment of the invention comprising circular-turnouts and/or plate-turnouts, covered by multi-way stations, as cores and/or key nodes of circulating lines/networks and of feeder-lines/nets derived; employs circulating route-system to minimize red-lights, enhance and balance traffic flows; facilitates vehicles' interchange and reorganization and passengers' on-board and/or easy transfer.
  • the plate-turnout is cored by at least one circular-plate, including a double-track plate ( FIG. 21 ) or a triple-track plate ( FIG. 20 ), facilitating bidirectional or tri-directional vehicles to pass through or switch by synchronously.
  • a monorail's Y 3 V turnout ( FIG. 19 upper-layer) can be modified into a plate-turnout by installing a triple-track plate.
  • tri-directional trains passing by synchronously they break into 3 F/ 3 R parts and drop 3 R inside the plate; 3 F apical graft last shift 3 R at post-Y stops; 3 R switch 120° A by the plate, then forward to left side post-Y stops, waiting for next 3 F parts.
  • the Y 3 V line is improved same as a Y 3 T line, facilitating coaches' interchange and passengers' on-board transfer.
  • the double-layer 6-way star-hub ( FIG. 19 ) can be modified into a monolayer plate-turnout; inside which, 3 R from B 1 / 5 / 3 switch 60° A ( 3 Z), forwarding to F 4 / 2 / 6 and post-star stops, waiting for next 3 F from B 2 / 4 / 6 ; alternate angles 60° A rotation facilitate six-way coaches' circular-passing and switching repeatedly. Therefore the plate-turnout saves land and space as well, even if adopted by normal rails.
  • the circulating line/network employs at least one plate-frozen model; during which period, the both ends plate-off double-track section is modified into a double-shuttles line, the at least three ends plate-off section is modified into an at least triple-shuttles line, without interfering rest of the traffics in the network.
  • the 3 V- 4 V section is modified into a triple-shuttle 3 S or quadruple-shuttle 4 S line; without interfering rest of the traffics.
  • the 3 S or 4 S turnout remains a circular-turnout and facilitates passengers' circular-transit, when 3/4 trains synchronically stop by the 3/4-lateral platform heads-by-ends, but all keeping right or left in alternation.
  • the circular-plate is a suspended plate in a pot-cover shape, fixed by double track-slots (TS) or triple track-slots underneath the plate, facilitating bidirectional or tri-directional suspended vehicles to pass through or switch by synchronously.
  • the suspended plates as cores and/or key nodes, enable the suspended monorail to branch or network sustainably; utilizing the reverse side of bridges or tunnels ( FIG. 26 ) to save space and building cost of both rail-types.
  • Both double-track or triple-track plates facilitate continuous U-turns ( FIG. 20-3U ) at the terminals, replacing U-rings ( FIG. 19 ) to save land.
  • the plate terminal may further branch by the same plate coring a new circular-plate-turnout, in the sustainable line/network.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
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CN114084204A (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-02-25 交控科技股份有限公司 市域铁路的数据传输系统、方法、设备以及存储介质
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WO2012152219A1 (zh) 2012-11-15
SG194907A1 (en) 2013-12-30
CN102248959A (zh) 2011-11-23

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