WO2016165637A1 - 优化开发多维交通路网 - Google Patents

优化开发多维交通路网 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016165637A1
WO2016165637A1 PCT/CN2016/079356 CN2016079356W WO2016165637A1 WO 2016165637 A1 WO2016165637 A1 WO 2016165637A1 CN 2016079356 W CN2016079356 W CN 2016079356W WO 2016165637 A1 WO2016165637 A1 WO 2016165637A1
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reversing
straight
interchange
reversal
way
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PCT/CN2016/079356
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭高培
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彭高培
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C1/00—Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C1/00—Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
    • E01C1/04—Road crossings on different levels; Interconnections between roads on different levels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of urban road traffic, in particular to the optimization and development of a multi-dimensional traffic road network.
  • urban transportation consists of five kinds of traffic such as subway, rail transit, elevated, signal level crossing, and bus priority (BRT). Because of the transportation (car) and the road structure (the subway is the axis), the subway tears the city's multi-dimensional (ground, underground) space into strips and blocks, which can be described as a five-horse meal. Its characteristic is that even if enough subways are built, it can only maintain the traffic in the city and cannot solve the "congestion" of urban traffic.
  • BRT bus priority
  • the research data shows that underground space can be used to lay subway traffic, or to lay out car traffic (car underground). Both of them have the characteristics of fast, punctuality and large capacity, but the latter are better than the former.
  • ground heights There are two obstacles to laying high ground: First, from the perspective of the car, there are two major problems of “environmental protection” and “safety” in existing vehicles. Second, from the perspective of roads, existing interchanges are not suitable for underground vehicles. If new types of interchanges cannot be developed, There is an interchange, and the undergroundization of the car is equal to tunneling. Car underground is just a piece of paper.
  • the present invention is to develop a new type of interchange, establish a ground fast road network and an underground highway network, and the road network utilizes intelligent technology to form an intelligent road network, also known as an intelligent road.
  • Intelligent vehicles and intelligent roads constitute intelligent transportation.
  • the “subversive” replacement is to eliminate the subway and lay underground high-speed road network.
  • the technical solution provided by the invention is to optimize and develop a multi-dimensional traffic road network
  • the optimized development multi-dimensional traffic road network comprises a ground slow road network, a ground fast road network, a ground high fast road network and a two-layer ground high fast road network.
  • the ground slow road network adopts signal level crossing
  • the ground fast road network adopts zebra level crossing and commutating interchange
  • the ground level high-speed road network adopts commutation interchange
  • the second floor high-altitude road network adopts commutating level crossing.
  • Optimized development has three kinds of time optimization, space optimization and construction optimization.
  • the reversing interchange has a single-slope single-slope reversing left and right full independent upper span reversing interchange, two-way single-slope reversing left and right full independent upper span reversing interchange, single-track single-slope reversing left and right common cross-over Reversing interchange, double-track single-slope reversal, left and right common road, upper crossover reversing interchange, single-track single-slope reversal, left and right, independent, subversion, reversing interchange, double-track, single-slope reversal, left and right, independent, subversion, reversing, single lane Single-slope reversal of the left and right common road under the reversing interchange, two-way single-slope reversal, left and right common road under the commutation interchange and other eight.
  • the single-track single-slope reversing left-right fully independent upper-span reversing interchange has a single-slope reversal on the upper span, and the interchange is from a straight line, an upper span, a straight-through to the left, a straight-through right, and an upper Cross-right ⁇ composition;
  • the through-commutation left-hand ⁇ is from a straight-through separation point to a straight-through entry point;
  • the straight-through reversing left-handed, straight-through right-handed and upper-span right-handed are independent of each other, and do not interfere with each other.
  • the abbreviation is left-right and independent, and the interchange is called single-single-slope reversal and left-right full-span vertical crossover reversing interchange.
  • the through-commutation left-hand ⁇ is from a straight-through separation point to a straight-through entry point;
  • the upper span reversal left ⁇ is from an upper span separation point to an upper span puncturing point;
  • the straight-through reversing left-handed, straight-through right-handed and upper-span right-handed are independent, and do not interfere with each other, referred to as left and right full independence, and the interchange is called double-track single-slope reversing left and right full independent crossover reversing interchange.
  • the single-slope single-slope reversing left-right common cross-overward commutating interchange is set on the upper span to set a single-slope commutation, and the interchange is made by a straight line, an upper span, a straight-through reversal left, a straight-through right and a top span.
  • the through-commutation left-hand ⁇ is from a straight-through separation point to a straight-through entry point;
  • the straight-through reversing left-handed and straight-through right-hand common road the straight-through reversing left-hand side and the upper-span right-hand side common road, referred to as the left and right common road, and the interchange is called a single-track single-slope reversing left-right common road upper cross-reversing interchange.
  • the two-way single-slope reversing left and right common road upper crossover reversing interchange is provided on the straight line and the upper cross line each has a single slope reversal, and the interchange is made by a straight line, an upper span, a straight through, and a left turn, a top span. Reversing the left ⁇ , straight through the right ⁇ and the upper straddle right ⁇ ;
  • the through-commutation left-hand ⁇ is from a straight-through separation point to a straight-through entry point;
  • the upper span reversal left ⁇ is from an upper span separation point to an upper span puncturing point;
  • the straight-through reversing left-handed and straight-through right-hand common road the straight-through reversing left-hand side and the upper-span right-hand side common road, referred to as the left and right common road, and the interchange is called the double-track single-slope reversing left-right common road upper cross-reversing interchange.
  • the single-pass single-slope reversing left and right fully independent undercutting commutating interchanges on the lower threading line to set a single-slope reversing the interchange is made by straight-through line, lower threading, straight-through reversing left-handed, straight-through right-handed and down-right Composition
  • the through-commutation left-hand ⁇ is from a straight-through separation point to a straight-through entry point;
  • the straight-through reversing left-handed, straight-through right-handed and lower-handed right-handed squats are independent and do not interfere with each other.
  • the abbreviation is left-right and independent, and the interchange is called single-single-slope reversal and left-right full-independent under-transmission interchange.
  • the two-way single-slope reversing left and right fully independent undercutting reversing interchanges on the straight line and the lower threading line are each provided with a single-slope reversal, and the interchange is made by a straight line, a lower thread, a straight-through, a left-handed, and a lower-through. To the left, straight through the right and down to the right;
  • the through-commutation left-hand ⁇ is from a straight-through separation point to a straight-through entry point;
  • the undercutting reversal left ⁇ is from a lower penetration point to a lower penetration point
  • the direct-transfer left-handed, straight-through right-handed and down-right-handed right-handed are independent, and do not interfere with each other, referred to as left and right full independence, and the interchange is called double-track single-slope reversal, left and right, independent and under-transmission reversing interchange.
  • the single-track single-slope reversing left-right common tunnel under the commutating interchange is set on the lower threading line to set a single-slope reversing, and the interchange is made by straight-through line, lower threading, straight-through reversing left-handed, straight-through right-handed and lower-through right.
  • the through-commutation left-hand ⁇ is from a straight-through separation point to a straight-through entry point;
  • the straight-through reversing left-handed and straight-through right-hand common road referred to as the left and right common road
  • the straight-through reversing left-handed and lower-traversing right-hand common road referred to as the left and right common road
  • the interchange is called single-track single-slope reversing left and right common road underneath commutation interchange .
  • the two-way single-slope reversing of the left and right common roads under the commutating interchanges on the straight line and the lower threading line are each provided with a single-slope reversal, and the interchange is made by a straight line, a lower thread, a straight-through, a left-handed, and a lower-through. To the left, straight through the right and down to the right;
  • the through-commutation left-hand ⁇ is from a straight-through separation point to a straight-through entry point;
  • the undercutting reversal left ⁇ is from a lower penetration point to a lower penetration point
  • the straight-through reversing left-handed and straight-through right-hand common road referred to as the left and right common road
  • the straight-through reversing left-handed and lower-traversing right-hand common road referred to as the left and right common road
  • the interchange is called double-track single-slope reversing left and right common road underneath commutation interchange .
  • the reversing leveling is composed of a one-way street, a two-way street, a single-way reversal left-hand, a two-way reversal left, a single-right right-hand, and a two-way right-handed, and the level crossing should be set in the undercut commutation interchange
  • the reversal level crossing can be realized.
  • the key is to use a one-way street to pass through the undercut and change the interchange to form a reversing level;
  • the reversing leveling has a single left widening full independent reversing level crossing, a single right side double left extension single left extension full independent reversing level crossing, two lane right side double left extension single left widening all independent reversing level crossing And the left and left two common roads commutate four kinds;
  • the single-left widening and independent reversing flat-crossing single-way reversing left-handed, double-way reversing left-handed, single-way right-handed, and double-right-handed right-handed The key is to expand the left-hand side by widening the single lane and avoid the common road.
  • the leveling is called single-left widening and full-independent reversing.
  • the single-right right-hand double-left extension single-left extension and the full-automatic reversing flat-crossing two-way reversal left-hand extension are determined according to the need of single-way reversal left-hand widening;
  • the two-way right-handed, single-way right-handed left-handed and double-way-changed left-handed are independent, and do not interfere with each other.
  • the key is to double-turn the left-handed extension and single-way to the left to widen and achieve full independence. Since the right raft is set on a one-way street, the level crossing is called a single-track right-handed double-left extension single left extension and full independent reversal level crossing;
  • the two-way right-handed double-left extension single left extension and the double-way reversal left-hand extension of the independent reversing leveling are determined according to the need of the single-way reversal left-hand widening;
  • the two-way right-handed, single-way right-handed left-handed and double-way-changed left-handed are independent, and do not interfere with each other.
  • the key is to double-turn the left-handed extension and single-way to the left to widen and achieve full independence. Since the right hand is set on the two-way street, the level crossing is called double-track right-hand double-left extension single left widening and independent independent reversal level crossing;
  • the left and right two-way commutating roads are single-right and two-way right-handed.
  • the key is to change the single-way to the left and the two-way to the left, and the cross is called left and left. ⁇ Commuting commuting;
  • the single-way reversal left ⁇ is separated from a single pass to a single pass;
  • the two-way reversal left ⁇ is separated from the two-way separation point to the two-way entry point.
  • optimization development has three types: time optimization, space optimization, and construction optimization.
  • the time optimization includes: 1.
  • the optimal speed grading consisting of a ground slow road network, a ground fast road network, a ground high-speed highway network, and a two-story high-high highway network;
  • the reversing platform adopts the widening of the width and the increase of the length (that is, the use of multi-way commutation) to "improve the speed of the vehicle"; 3.
  • the one-way return ramp and the two-way return ramp of the ground express road network use the motorized road and the non-motorized road to ensure the non-machine
  • the road is “quick”; four, one layer of high ground section is set up with one-way return ramp and two-way return ramp, and matches with the ramp to make it a “highest” non-transit time of one floor;
  • the traffic road network connection adopts a layer of ground height, or adopts one layer of ground height and two floor heights at the same time, so that the two traffic speeds match, effectively overcome the bottleneck effect generated by the highway entering and leaving the city, and realize "high speed seamless ".
  • the space optimization includes: first, dynamic traffic and static traffic “coordinating”; second, setting underground charging piles to overcome “mileage anxiety”; third, pipeline transportation system; fourth, urban various pipe network “coordinating”; 5. Direct traffic lanes do not require left and right ramps, so that their space resources can be more effectively utilized; 6. Free static traffic dispatching in different places, increasing the intensity of static traffic development.
  • the construction optimization is a public tunnel construction method
  • the public tunnel is composed of a multi-dimensional traffic road network, various pipe networks and proposed projects, and the underground space resources are developed at one time, and various pipe network maintenance, replacement, and increase are all It is carried out in public tunnels to avoid frequent environmental pollution in the city and effectively overcome the “zipper road”.
  • the construction is called public tunnel construction.
  • Figure 13 the node zebra leveling (ground bus and underpass reversing bus superposition) plan: (1) zebra level crossing.
  • Figure 14 Plane zebra crossing (ground bus and underpass commuting bus superposition) Plan: (2) Interchange straight line (underground zebra platform).
  • Figure 18 Plane of “seamless connection” between expressway and multi-dimensional traffic road network: (1) Plan view of expressway and ground expressway network.
  • Figure 21 Floor plan of the ground express road network.
  • Figure 22 Plan view of a layer of high-altitude highway network.
  • Figure 23 a plan view of a two-story high-speed highway network.
  • Reversing interchange 15 has single lane single slope reversing left and right full independent upper span commutation interchange 19, double lane single slope reversing left and right full independent upper span commutation interchange 21, single lane single slope reversing left and right common road upper transversal interchange 22, double-track single-slope reversing, left and right common road, upper trans-commutation interchange 23, single-track single-slope reversal, left and right, independent, under-transmission, reversing interchange 25, double-track, single-slope reversal, left and right, independent, under-transmission, reversing interchange 27, single Road single slope reversing left and right common road under the commutation interchange 28, double-track single-slope reversal, left and right common road under the commutation interchange 29 and so on.
  • single-slope single-slope reversing left and right fully independent upper span reversing interchange 19 single-slope reversal 45 is set on upper span line 17, and its interchange is made by straight-through line 16, upper span line 17, straight-through reversal left-hand ⁇ 49, straight-through right ⁇ 7 And the upper cross is composed of 8;
  • the straight-through reversal left ⁇ 49, the straight-through right ⁇ 7 and the upper-cross right ⁇ 8 are independent, do not interfere with each other, referred to as left and right full independence, and their interchange is called single-track single-slope reversal left and right full independent cross-overcoming interchange 19 .
  • the upper span reversal left crucible 50 is from the upper span separation point 37 to the upper span incision point 38;
  • the straight-through reversal left ⁇ 49, the straight-through right ⁇ 7 and the upper-cross right ⁇ 8 are independent of each other, and do not interfere with each other, referred to as left and right full independence, and the interchange is called a two-way single-slope reversing left and right full independent crossover reversing interchange 21 .
  • Single-slope single-slope reversing left and right common road upper crossover reversing interchange 22 is provided with a single-slope reversing 45 on the upper span line 17, and its interchange is made up of a straight-through line 16, an upper span 17, a straight-through reversal left-hand 49, a straight-through right-hand 7 and Between the upper and the right ⁇ 8;
  • the two-way single-slope reversing left-right common-road upper-span reversing interchange 23 is provided with a single-slope reversal 45 on the straight-through line 16 and the upper-span line 17, and the interchange is made up of a straight-through line 16, an upper span 17, and a straight-through reversal of the left-hand side 49.
  • the upper span is shifted to the left ⁇ 50, the straight right ⁇ 7 and the upper straddle right ⁇ 8;
  • the upper span reversal left crucible 50 is from the upper span separation point 37 to the upper span incision point 38;
  • single-slope single-slope reversing left and right fully independent undercutting reversing interchange 25 single-slope reversing 45 is set on the lower threading line 18, and its interchange is made by straight-through line 16, lower threading line 18, straight-through reversing left-hand side 49, straight-through right-hand side 7 and lower Wear a right ⁇ 9 composition;
  • the undercut reversal left ⁇ 51 is passed from the lower penetration point 39 to the lower penetration point 40;
  • Straight-through reversing left-handed 49, straight-through right-handed 7 and lower-handed right-handed 9 are independent and do not interfere with each other.
  • the abbreviation is left and right independent.
  • the interchange is called double-slope single-slope reversal and left-right full-independent under-transmission interchange.
  • single-slope single-slope reversing left and right common road underneath reversing interchange 28 single-slope reversing 45 is set on the lower threading line 18, and its interchange is made up of straight-through line 16, lower threading line 18, straight-through reversing left-handed 49, straight-through right-handed 7 and lower Wear a right ⁇ 9 composition;
  • the undercut reversal left ⁇ 51 is passed from the lower penetration point 39 to the lower penetration point 40;
  • the reversing interchange 15 is named above the upper line 17 and the lower threading line 18.
  • the reversing leveling 77 consists of one-way street 81, two-way street 82, single-way reversal left ⁇ 87, two-way reversal left ⁇ 88, single-way right ⁇ 89 and two-way right ⁇ 90. Under the interchange 76, the reversal leveling 77 can be realized. The key is to use the one-way street 81 to pass under the subversion interchange 76, forming a reversing level 77;
  • Reversing leveling 77 has single left widening and independent reversing leveling 78, single lane right ⁇ double left extension single left widening independent independent reversing level 79, double lane right ⁇ double left extension single left widening independent independent reversal Crossing 91 and left-left two-way commutating and reversing 92 pairs;
  • Single left widening and independent reversing leveling 78 single pass reversal left ⁇ 87, double traversing left ⁇ 88, single ⁇ right ⁇ 89 and double ⁇ right ⁇ 90 are independent, do not interfere with each other, the key is through a single change Widening to the left ⁇ 87 to avoid the martyrdom, its leveling is called single left widening and independent reversing leveling 78;
  • Single-track right-hand double-left extension single left extension wide independent reversing leveling 79 double-way reversal left ⁇ 88 extension, is based on the need for single-way reversal left ⁇ 87 widening; 89.
  • Two-way right-hand 90, single-way reversal left ⁇ 87 and two-way reversal left ⁇ 88 are independent and do not interfere with each other.
  • the key is to double-turn the left ⁇ 88 extension, single-way reversal left ⁇ 87 widening, to achieve full independence, because the right ⁇ is set on the one-way street 81, its leveling is called single-track right-hand double left extension single left widening full independent reversal leveling 79;
  • Double-channel right-hand double-left extension single left extension wide independent full-change reversal 91 double-way reversal left ⁇ 88 extension is based on single-way reversal Left-handed 87 widening needs to be determined; leveling single-track right-handed 89, double-track right-handed 90, single-way reversal left-handed 87, and dual-way reversal left-handed 88 are independent, and do not interfere with each other, the key is through double
  • the lane is changed to the left ⁇ 88 extension, and the single lane is reversed to the left ⁇ 87 to widen, achieving full independence. Since the right raft is set on the two-lane road 82, the level crossing is called double-track right-handed double-left extension single left widening Independent reversal leveling 91;
  • the left-hand two-way commutating road is the independent of the single-track right-handed 89 and the two-way right-handed 90.
  • the key is the single-way reversal of the left ⁇ 87 and the two-way reversal of the left ⁇ 88 common road.
  • the two-way reversal left ⁇ 88 is separated by a two-way split point 85 to a two-way cut-in point 86.
  • double left extension There is two levels of double left extension and single left extension of reversing leveling 77; one is double channel reversal left ⁇ 88 extension, referred to as double left extension; the second is single lane reversal left ⁇ 87 widening, referred to as single left extension
  • double left extension The double left elongation is based on the single left extension.
  • the double left extension single left extension is the length and width in exchange for the reversal leveling 77 is completely independent. To expand the building that needs to be demolished, its location can be determined according to the difficulty of demolition.
  • Both the reversing interchange 15 and the reversing level crossing 77 do not indicate the stop line 65 and the bus stop 64.
  • the reversing left ⁇ is composed of a reversing ramp and a reversing platform, respectively described by nature and ramp 33.
  • reversing left ⁇ 49 there are three types of reversing left ⁇ 49, upper crossover left ⁇ 50, and lower reversing left ⁇ 51.
  • the ramp 33 there are two kinds of slope reversal and single slope reversal 45.
  • the double slope reversal consists of double slopes.
  • the single-slope reversal 45 consists of a horizontal road and a ramp 33, and there are two types of upper slope and lower single slope.
  • the node zebra crossing 69 (the ground bus and the underpass reversing interchange 76 superimposed) is composed of the ground bus and the underpass reversing interchange 76 bus, that is, the node zebra crossing 69 from the zebra station 67, the zebra ladder 68, the node underground
  • the zebra platform 71, the transfer ladder 66, the bus station 64, and the docking line 65 are composed.
  • the zebra station 67 is disposed on the ground floor 73.
  • the node underground zebra platform 71 is provided with a transfer vertical ladder 66 and a zebra vertical ladder 68, and the node underground zebra platform 71 and the straight-through bus lane 5 of the straight-through line 16 do not interfere with each other.
  • the zebra crossing 70 (the ground bus and the road bus superimposed) is composed of the ground bus and the section 75 bus, that is, the road zebra crossing 70 from the zebra station 67, the zebra ladder 68, the underground zebra platform 72, the bus station 64, The docking line 65 is composed.
  • the zebra station 67 is disposed on the ground floor 73.
  • the zebra platform 68 is provided in the underground zebra platform 72 of the road section, and the underground zebra platform 72 of the road section and the direct busway 5 of the section 75 do not interfere with each other.
  • Nodes and road sections may not use zebra level crossing 14, and still use signal level crossing 13, and passengers who pass through busway 5 pass through the tunnel to enter and exit a layer of ground.
  • the zebra vertical ladder 68 outside the zebra station 67 can transform its zebra vertical ladder 68 into the inner side of the zebra station 67. In other words, the zebra ladder 68 changes position.
  • the highway 63 and the multi-dimensional traffic road network are connected by a layer of ground height, or at the same time, one layer of ground height and two floor heights are used to match the traffic speed of the two, effectively overcoming the bottleneck effect of the highway 63 entering and leaving the city.
  • a layer of ground height or at the same time, one layer of ground height and two floor heights are used to match the traffic speed of the two, effectively overcoming the bottleneck effect of the highway 63 entering and leaving the city.
  • the multi-dimensional traffic network is placed on the road axis 4.
  • the ground road network has two types: the ground fast road network 42 and the ground slow speed road network 41.
  • the ground fast road network 42 crosses the commutation interchange 15 and the zebra level crossing 14, and the ground slow road network 41 crosses the signal level crossing 13;
  • the fast road section is provided with a one-way return ramp 95 and a two-way return ramp 96, which are arranged on the return ramp of the ground fast road section, and are referred to as the ground fast return ramp 98.
  • the intersection of the ground road section 3 refers to the intersection of the ground fast road network 42 and the ground slow road network 41, and there are three types of signal level crossing 13, zebra level crossing 14 and upper span crossing. Ground section crossing 3 can be set as needed.
  • a layer of ground high-speed road network 43 crosses the commutating interchange 15; a layer of ground level section 61 is provided with a one-way return ramp 95 and a bidirectional return ramp 96, which is set on a returning ramp of a ground level section, which is called a layer of ground. High back to the road 99.
  • the ground fast return road 98 and the ground high return road 99 of the ground fast road section and the first ground high road section 61 are set according to the road network demand.
  • the two-story high-high-speed road network 44 crosses with a reversing level crossing 77, and one layer of a high-altitude high-speed road network 43 crosses the lower two-story ground section 12 below.
  • the multi-dimensional traffic road network of the invention is optimized according to the multi-dimensional traffic road network, optimized development, intelligent traffic and conclusion.
  • the multi-dimensional traffic road network is described separately according to the basic road network, the superimposed road network, the cross form, the return road, and the entry and exit.
  • ground slow road network There are four basic road networks: ground slow road network; ground fast road network; one ground high highway network; two ground high highway network.
  • the urban signal leveling road network calls it a ground slow road network.
  • ground fast road network refers to the ground road network node adopting the upper span commutation interchange, the non-interchange upper crossover interchange, and the zebra crossing, and the road network is called the ground express road network.
  • the ground level high-speed highway network node adopts the upper span commutation or the lower commutation interchange.
  • the two-story high-speed highway network node adopts reversing level crossing.
  • the superimposed road network consists of a ground slow road network, a ground express road network and a ground high-speed road network or a first- and second-floor high-high-speed road network.
  • the superimposed road network is the multi-dimensional traffic road network.
  • the crossover form is described by reversing left ⁇ , reversing interchange, reversing level crossing, zebra crossing, underground zebra platform and ground non-machine platform.
  • the reversing left ⁇ is composed of a ramp and a reversing platform, and is now described by nature and ramp. According to the nature, there are three kinds of reversing left-handed, left-handed, left-handed, and left-turned. According to the ramp, there are two kinds of slope reversal and single slope reversal.
  • the double-slope reversal consists of double slopes; the single-slope reversal consists of horizontal and ramps.
  • Single-slope reversal has two types: upper single slope and lower single slope reversal left.
  • reversing interchanges there are eight reversing interchanges: one, single-slope single-slope reversing, left-right, independent, upper-span, reversing interchange; second, double-slope, single-slope reversal, left-right, independent, upper-span, reversing, interchange; third, single-slope, single-slope reversal On the road, cross-replacement interchange; four, two-way single-slope reversal, left and right common road, cross-reversal interchange; five, single-slope, single-slope reversal, left and right, independent, under-transmission, reversing; sixth, double-slope, single-slope, reversing, independent Under the reversing interchange; seven, single-track single-slope reversal of the left and right common road under the commutation interchange; eight, two-way single-slope reversal of the left and right common road under the reversing interchange.
  • the sinking and interchanging reversal leveling should be set under the undercut commutating interchange, and the single pass will be passed from the undercut to the crossover to form a sinking and interchanging reversal (referred to as reversing leveling).
  • reversing leveling There are four reversing crosses: one, single left widening and all independent reversing level crossing; second, single lane right ⁇ double left extension single left widening all independent reversing level crossing; three, double lane right ⁇ double left extension single left Broaden the full independent reversal of the cross; fourth, the left and the second two commutative reversal.
  • the so-called zebra level crossing refers to the direct bus of the multi-dimensional traffic road network is set in the middle of the road.
  • the ground bus passengers directly reach the level through the zebra station.
  • the passengers of the ground-high bus pass through the zebra ladder and then reach the level through the zebra station.
  • Level crossing is called zebra crossing.
  • the zebras at the nodes and sections of the zebra crossing are different.
  • the fundamental difference between zebra leveling and signal leveling is that the former has a zebra station.
  • the so-called underground zebra platform is composed of a zebra vertical ladder and a reversing vertical ladder, and its platform is arranged on the lower floor (underground floor).
  • underground zebra platforms There are two underground zebra platforms: one is the underground zebra platform; the other is the underground zebra platform.
  • the former consists of a reversing vertical ladder and a zebra vertical ladder; the latter consists only of zebra vertical ladders.
  • the above-ground non-machine platform is used for ground (upper cross) interchange and ground commutating interchange.
  • the former is a non-interchange interchange; the latter is an interchange.
  • the rumors are described by dimension, nature and quantity.
  • the returning ramp set on a section of the ground section is called a layer of high ground returning ramp.
  • ground fast returning ramp and the ground returning ramp are complementary to each other and should be “co-ordinated”.
  • a layer of high-returned rafts is matched with the vertical entrance and exit of the tunnel, which greatly increases the accessibility of a layer of high-altitude non-bus lanes.
  • the ground fast road section adopts the upper span double-slope reversing head squat; the upper ground section adopts the upper span double-slope reversing head squat or the lower double-slope reversing head squatting.
  • the specific setting is determined by the level of the ground level and the vertical level.
  • the reversing interchange is set on the upper span and the lower threading to set the slope without turning back.
  • the one-way return ramp and the two-way return ramp are applied to the ground fast road segment and one ground high road segment, and the settings are determined as needed.
  • the ground enters and exits vertically; Second, the tunnel enters and exits vertically; Third, the ground enters and exits in parallel;
  • the vertical in and out of the ground is the vertical in and out of the road network (that is, the right side of the ground network node crossing), and its entrance and exit is called the vertical in and out of the ground;
  • the vertical tunnel is the high road network that enters and exits vertically from the ground, and its entry and exit nickname
  • the tunnel enters and exits the tunnel vertically;
  • the parallel entrance and exit of the ground is the high-altitude network that enters and exits from the ground section. The entrance and exit is called the parallel entrance and exit of the ground.
  • the parallel entrance and exit of the ground can be set in a wrong position.
  • the entrance and exit between the layers refers to the ground layer and the ground.
  • the vertical direction enters and exits the raft, and the entry and exit ⁇ is called the interlayer entrance and exit ⁇ .
  • Optimized development is the optimization of multidimensional traffic road network development. Optimization development is divided into three levels: time optimization, space optimization and construction optimization.
  • time optimization is to make its urban traffic fast and humanized.
  • the time optimization is as follows: 1.
  • the optimal speed “gradation” consisting of the ground slow road network, the ground express road network, the first floor high-speed road network and the second-floor high-high speed road network; 2.
  • the reversing platform adopts the width. Widening and length increase (ie multi-way commutation) "improve the speed of the vehicle"; third, the one-way return ramp and the two-way return ramp of the ground express road network use the motorway and the non-motorized road to ensure that the non-airway is "quick"; 4.
  • One-story high-rise section is provided with one-way return ramp and two-way return ramp, and is matched with the ramp to make the non-transitable time of one floor high "optimal";
  • the highway and multi-dimensional traffic road network are connected A layer of ground height, or the use of a layer of ground height and two floors of ground height, so that the two traffic speeds match, effectively overcome the bottleneck effect of the highway into and out of the city, to achieve "high-speed seamless.”
  • the purpose of space optimization is to make the development and utilization of urban space resources efficient and maximized.
  • the space optimization includes: 1. Dynamic traffic and static traffic “coordination”; 2. Set up underground charging piles to overcome “mileage anxiety”; 3. Pipeline transportation system; 4. Urban various pipe networks “co-ordinated”; There is no need for left and right ramps to make their space resources more effective "utilization”; six, static dispatch of static traffic in different places, and increase the "strength" of static traffic development.
  • the purpose of construction optimization refers to the construction of urban infrastructure, which minimizes and minimizes environmental pollution.
  • the construction optimization is a public tunnel construction method.
  • the public tunnel consists of a multi-dimensional traffic road network, various pipe networks and proposed projects to realize the one-time development of underground space resources.
  • the maintenance, replacement and increase of various pipe networks are carried out in public tunnels. Avoid the frequent environmental pollution in the city and effectively overcome the “zipper road”.
  • the construction is called the public tunnel construction method.
  • Multi-dimensional traffic road network is the foundation; one-stop transfer to public transportation is the key; intelligent road network or intelligent road is the guarantee for establishing urban intelligent and orderly road network. It is described separately.
  • multi-dimensional traffic road network The essential difference between the multi-dimensional traffic road network and the signal slow road network is that the former needs to effectively control the traffic volume of the road network to ensure that the road network traffic is unimpeded and does not cause "congestion.” Otherwise, the multi-dimensional traffic road network is also reduced to the road "mortal room” and the road "send room.” It is not difficult to see that multi-dimensional traffic road network can only be realized by intelligent traffic control of its road network (road), ground fast road network and ground high-speed road network. There are two levels of intelligent transportation: one is to separate the signal slow road network from the multi-dimensional traffic road network, and each is independent; the second is to optimize the multi-dimensional traffic road network to maximize the road traffic.
  • the replacement of automobiles is from the current model of internal combustion engine to smart car; the road replacement is from the current multi-mode of the subway as the axis to the intelligent road, the smart car is the energy replacement; the second is the safety replacement, that is, "electric"; automatic".
  • Smart cars can fully utilize their features on the highway, but in cities, the existing multi-vehicle mode limits the use of smart cars. Assume that the smart car is doubled (ie, 90km/h) compared to the current speed (45km/h). As long as the urban road is still controlled by the signal level, the current situation of the morning and evening peak speeds of less than 15km/h will not change.
  • the intelligent roads establish a ground fast road network and a ground high-speed road network, which leads to the marginalization of the signal road network, overcoming the “three blocks” (early and late peaks “blocking”, high-speed advances, out-of-city “blocking”, and individual roads “blocking”). Avoid road “moral” and road “send room”.

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Abstract

一种多维交通路网，由地面快速路网(42)、一层地高高速路网(43)和二层地高高速路网(44)组成，地面快速路网(42)采用斑马平交(14)和换向立交(15)；一层地高高速路网(43)采用换向立交(15)；二层地高高速路网(44)采用换向平交(77)。还公开了该多维交通路网的优化开发方法。该多维交通路网可克服城市交通拥堵。

Description

优化开发多维交通路网 技术领域
本发明涉及城市道路交通领域，特别是涉及优化开发多维交通路网。
背景技术
世界上第一条地铁始于1863年英国伦敦，其目的是利用地铁取代城市马车交通，开创城市交通现代化的新纪元。25年后，德国奔驰(内燃机)汽车商业上市，由于汽车产量有限，许多城市出现有轨电车。130年后的今天，汽车成为人类社会主要的交通工具获得共识，其拥有量达数亿辆。
目前，城市交通由地铁、轨道交通、高架、信号平交、公交优先(BRT)等五种交通混合组成。由于交通工具(汽车)与道路结构(地铁为轴心)各一，地铁将城市多维(地上、地下)空间撕成一条条、一块块，真可谓称其为五马分食。其特点是即使修建足够多的地铁，也只能维持城市交通不瘫痪，不能解决城市交通“拥堵”。
特别是在早、晚高峰期，本为动态交通(城市立交、隧道、环形高架等)却全部沦为静态交通(断肠停车场)。届时，车速、通行量锐减，许多城市车速不足15km/h，出现道路“太平间”和道路“接生房”，绝非个案。
研究资料表明：地下空间既可敷设地铁交通，亦可敷设汽车交通(汽车地下化)，两者均具快速、准点、大容量等特点，但后者多项指标优于前者。
多年以来，汽车地下化倍受世界各国政府和学者关注。汽车地下化从本质上讲，就是敷设地下高速公路(简称地高)。敷设地高障碍有二：一、从汽车角度，现有汽车存在“环保”和“安全”两大难题；二、从道路角度，现有立交不适用汽车地下化，如果不能研发新型立交取代现有立交，汽车地下化等于隧道化。汽车地下化只是纸上谈兵。
随着科技飞速发展和创新力度加大，智能汽车实现“电动”和“自动”、即“环保”和“安全”，汽车地下化环保障碍获得妥善解决。
基于上述背景，本发明就是研发新型立交，建立地面快速路网和地下高速路网，路网利用智能技术构成智能路网，又称为智能道路。
智能汽车与智能道路构成智能交通，两者相辅相成，共同领导全球城市交通，实现人类历史上一次有序的、彻底的“颠覆性”换代，确保全球城市可持续发展。换言之，“颠覆性”换代就是淘汰地铁，敷设地下高速路网。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种优化开发多维交通路网，以解决上述现有交通模式缺陷。
为了达到上述目的。本发明所提供的技术方案为优化开发多维交通路网，所述优化开发多维交通路网由地面慢速路网、地面快速路网、一层地高快速路网和二层地高快速路网组成。地面慢速路网采用信号平交，地面快速路网采用斑马平交和换向立交；一层地高高速路网采用换向立交；二层地高高速路网采用换向平交。优化开发有时间优化、空间优化、施工优化三种。
进一步的，所述的换向立交有单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交、双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交、单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交、双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交、单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交、双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交、单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交、双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交等8个。
进一步的，所述单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交于上跨线设置单坡换向、其立交由直通线、上跨线、直通换向左匝、直通右匝和上跨右匝组成；
所述直通换向左匝由直通分离点至直通切入点；
所述直通换向左匝、直通右匝和上跨右匝各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交。
进一步的，所述双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交于直通线、上跨线各设单坡换向、其立交由直通线、上跨线、直通换向左匝、上跨换向左匝、直通右匝和上跨右匝组成；
所述直通换向左匝由直通分离点至直通切入点；
所述上跨换向左匝由上跨分离点至上跨切入点；
所述直通换向左匝、直通右匝和上跨右匝各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交。
进一步的，所述单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交于上跨线设置单坡换向，其立交由直通线、上跨线、直通换向左匝、直通右匝和上跨右匝组成；
所述直通换向左匝由直通分离点至直通切入点；
所述直通换向左匝和直通右匝共道；直通换向左匝和上跨右匝共道，简称左右共道，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交。
进一步的，所述双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交于直通线、上跨线各设单坡换向，其立交由直通线、上跨线、直通换向左匝、上跨换向左匝、直通右匝和上跨右匝组成；
所述直通换向左匝由直通分离点至直通切入点；
所述上跨换向左匝由上跨分离点至上跨切入点；
所述直通换向左匝和直通右匝共道；直通换向左匝和上跨右匝共道，简称左右共道，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交。
进一步的，所述单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交于下穿线设置单坡换向，其立交由直通线、下穿线、直通换向左匝、直通右匝和下穿右匝组成；
所述直通换向左匝由直通分离点至直通切入点；
所述直通换向左匝、直通右匝和下穿右匝各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交。
进一步的，所述双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交于直通线、下穿线各设单坡换向，其立交由直通线、下穿线、直通换向左匝、下穿换向左匝、直通右匝和下穿右匝组成；
所述直通换向左匝由直通分离点至直通切入点；
所述下穿换向左匝由下穿分离点至下穿切入点；
所述直通换向左匝、直通右匝和下穿右匝各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交。
进一步的，所述单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交于下穿线设置单坡换向，其立交由直通线、下穿线、直通换向左匝、直通右匝和下穿右匝组成；
所述直通换向左匝由直通分离点至直通切入点；
所述直通换向左匝和直通右匝共道；直通换向左匝和下穿右匝共道，简称左右共道，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交。
进一步的，所述双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交于直通线、下穿线各设单坡换向，其立交由直通线、下穿线、直通换向左匝、下穿换向左匝、直通右匝和下穿右匝组成；
所述直通换向左匝由直通分离点至直通切入点；
所述下穿换向左匝由下穿分离点至下穿切入点；
所述直通换向左匝和直通右匝共道；直通换向左匝和下穿右匝共道，简称左右共道，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交。
进一步的，所述换向平交由单行道、双行道、单道换向左匝、双道换向左匝、单道右匝和双道右匝组成，平交应设置于下穿换向立交下面，才能实现换向平交，关键是利用单行道从下穿换向立交下面通过，构成换向平交；
所述换向平交有单左拓宽全独立换向平交、单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交、双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交和左左二匝共道换向平交四种；
所述单左拓宽全独立换向平交的单道换向左匝、双道换向左匝、单道右匝和双道右匝各自独 立，互不干扰，关键是通过单道换向左匝拓宽，避免匝道共道，其平交称为单左拓宽全独立换向平交；
所述单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交的双道换向左匝伸长，是根据单道换向左匝拓宽需要而定；平交的单道右匝、双道右匝、单道换向左匝和双道换向左匝为各自独立，互不干扰，关键是通过双道换向左匝伸长，单道换向左匝拓宽，实现全独立，由于右匝设置于单行道上，其平交称为单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交；
所述双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交的双道换向左匝伸长，是根据单道换向左匝拓宽需要而定；平交的单道右匝、双道右匝、单道换向左匝和双道换向左匝为各自独立，互不干扰，关键是通过双道换向左匝伸长，单道换向左匝拓宽，实现全独立，由于右匝设置于双行道上，其平交称为双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交；
所述左左二匝共道换向平交的单道右匝和双道右匝为独立，关键是单道换向左匝和双道换向左匝共道，其平交称为左左二匝共道换向平交；
所述单道换向左匝由单道分离点至单道切入点；
所述双道换向左匝由双道分离点至双道切入点。
进一步的，所述优化开发有时间优化、空间优化和施工优化三种。
进一步的，所述时间优化有：一、由地面慢速路网、地面快速路网、一层地高高速路网和二层地高高速路网构成的最佳车速“级配”；二、换向平台采取宽度拓宽和长度增加(即采用多道换向)“提高车速”；三、地面快速路网的单向回头匝道和双向回头匝道采用机动道与非机动道共道，确保非机道“快捷”；四、一层地高路段设置单向回头匝道和双向回头匝道，并与匝道匹配，使其一层地高的非公交可达时间“最优”；五、高速公路与多维交通路网连接采用一层地高，或同时采用一层地高和二层地高，使其两者交通车速匹配，有效地克服高速公路进、出城市产生的瓶颈效应，实现“高速无缝”。
进一步的，所述空间优化有：一、动态交通与静态交通“统筹”；二、设置地下充电桩，克服“里程焦虑”；三、管道输送系统；四、城市各种管网“统筹”；五、直通公交道无需左、右匝道，使其空间资源获得更有效的“利用”；六、异地静态交通自由调度，加大静态交通开发“力度”。
进一步的，所述施工优化为公共隧道施工法，公共隧道由多维交通路网、各种管网和拟建项目组成，实现地下空间资源一次性开发，各种管网维护、更替、增加均于公共隧道内进行，避免造成城市经常环境污染，有效克服“拉链马路”，其施工称为公共隧道施工法。
附图说明
图1、单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交平面图。
图2、双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交平面图。
图3、单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交平面图。
图4、双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交平面图。
图5、单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交平面图。
图6、双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交平面图。
图7、单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交平面图。
图8、双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交平面图。
图9、换向平交平面图：(1)单左拓宽全独立换向平交。
图10、换向平交平面图：(2)单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交。
图11、换向平交平面图：(3)双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交。
图12、换向平交平面图：(4)左左二匝共道换向平交。
图13、节点斑马平交(地面公交与下穿换向立交公交叠加)平面图：(1)斑马平交。
图14、节点斑马平交(地面公交与下穿换向立交公交叠加)平面图：(2)立交直通线(地下斑马平台)。
图15、节点斑马平交(地面公交与下穿换向立交公交叠加)平面图：(3)立交下穿线。
图16、路段斑马平交(地面公交与路段公交叠加)平面图：(1)斑马平交。
图17、路段斑马平交(地面公交与路段公交叠加)平面图：(2)路段。
图18、高速公路与多维交通路网“无缝连接”平面图：(1)高速公路与地面快速路网平面图。
图19、高速公路与多维交通路网“无缝连接”平面图：(2)一层地高平面图。
图20、高速公路与多维交通路网“无缝连接”平面图：(3)二层地高平面图。
图21、地面快速路网平面图。
图22、一层地高高速路网平面图。
图23、二层地高高速路网平面图。
其中：3-地面路段交叉，4-道路轴线，5-直通公交道，6-非公交道，7-直通右匝，8-上跨右匝，9-下穿右匝，12-二层地高路段，13-信号平交，14-斑马平交，15-换向立交，16-直通线，17-上跨线，18-下穿线，19-单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交，21-双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交，22-单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交，23-双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交，25-单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交，27-双道单坡换向左右 全独立下穿换向立交，28-单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交，29-双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交，30-静态交通，31-充电桩，32-水平段，33-坡道，34-变坡点，35-直通分离点，36-直通切入点，37-上跨分离点，38-上跨切入点，39-下穿分离点，40-下穿切入点，41-地面慢速路网，42-地面快速路网，43-一层地高高速路网，44-二层地高高速路网，45-单坡换向，47-左右共道，49-直通换向左匝，50-上跨换向左匝，51-下穿换向左匝，54-拟建项目，55-公共隧道，56-各种管网，57-一层地高进匝，58-一层地高出匝，59-二层地高进匝，60-二层地高出匝，61-一层地高路段，63-高速公路，64-公交站，65-停靠线，66-换乘竖梯，67-斑马站位，68-斑马竖梯，69-节点斑马平交，70-路段斑马平交，71-节点地下斑马平台，72-路段地下斑马平台，73-地面层，74-地下一层，76-下穿换向立交，77-换向平交，78-单左拓宽全独立换向平交，79-单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交，80-下沉线，81-单行道，82-双行道，83-单道分离点，84-单道切入点，85-双道分离点，86-双道切入点，87-单道换向左匝，88-双道换向左匝，89-单道右匝，90-双道右匝，91-双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交，92-左左二匝共道换向平交，93-地下二层，94-地下三层，95-单向回头匝道，96-双向回头匝道，98-地面快速回头匝道，99-一层地高回头匝道。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1—图23所示。
换向立交15有单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交19、双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交21、单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交22、双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交23、单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交25、双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交27、单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交28、双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交29等8个。
单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交19于上跨线17设置单坡换向45、其立交由直通线16、上跨线17、直通换向左匝49、直通右匝7和上跨右匝8组成；
直通换向左匝49由直通分离点35至直通切入点36；
直通换向左匝49、直通右匝7和上跨右匝8各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交19。
双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交21于直通线16、上跨线17各设单坡换向45、其立交由直通线16、上跨线17、直通换向左匝49、上跨换向左匝50、直通右匝7和上跨右匝8组成；
直通换向左匝49由直通分离点35至直通切入点36；
上跨换向左匝50由上跨分离点37至上跨切入点38；
直通换向左匝49、直通右匝7和上跨右匝8各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交21。
单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交22于上跨线17设置单坡换向45，其立交由直通线16、上跨线17、直通换向左匝49、直通右匝7和上跨右匝8组成；
直通换向左匝49由直通分离点35至直通切入点36；
直通换向左匝49和直通右匝7共道；直通换向左匝49和上跨右匝8共道，简称左右共道47，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交22。
双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交23于直通线16、上跨线17各设单坡换向45，其立交由直通线16、上跨线17、直通换向左匝49、上跨换向左匝50、直通右匝7和上跨右匝8组成；
直通换向左匝49由直通分离点35至直通切入点36；
上跨换向左匝50由上跨分离点37至上跨切入点38；
直通换向左匝49和直通右匝7共道；直通换向左匝49和上跨右匝8共道，简称左右共道47，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交23。
单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交25于下穿线18设置单坡换向45，其立交由直通线16、下穿线18、直通换向左匝49、直通右匝7和下穿右匝9组成；
直通换向左匝49由直通分离点35至直通切入点36；
直通换向左匝49、直通右匝7和下穿右匝9各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交25。
双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交27于直通线16、下穿线18各设单坡换向45，其立交由直通线16、下穿线18、直通换向左匝49、下穿换向左匝51、直通右匝7和下穿右匝9组成；
直通换向左匝49由直通分离点35至直通切入点36；
下穿换向左匝51由下穿分离点39至下穿切入点40；
直通换向左匝49、直通右匝7和下穿右匝9各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交27。
单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交28于下穿线18设置单坡换向45，其立交由直通线16、下穿线18、直通换向左匝49、直通右匝7和下穿右匝9组成；
直通换向左匝49由直通分离点35至直通切入点36；
直通换向左匝49和直通右匝7共道；直通换向左匝49和下穿右匝9共道，简称左右共道47，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交28。
双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交29于直通线16、下穿线18各设单坡换向45，其立交由直通线16、下穿线18、直通换向左匝49、下穿换向左匝51、直通右匝7和下穿右匝9组成；
直通换向左匝49由直通分离点35至直通切入点36；
下穿换向左匝51由下穿分离点39至下穿切入点40；
直通换向左匝49和直通右匝7共道；直通换向左匝49和下穿右匝9共道，简称左右共道47，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交29。
换向立交15命名以上跨线17和下穿线18为准。
由于有的城市道路宽窄不一，并不规范，节点交叉应不拘一格予以应对。对于一层地高路段61可以采取不设换向左匝，仅设一个右匝，甚至一个右匝都不设置，只保持主线(直通线16、上跨线17、下穿线18)，对无左、右匝的地段，车辆可根据实际需求进、出地面快速路网42，是确保一层地高路段61的非公交道6畅通的关键所在。最终通过路网优化使其多维交通路网的公交和非公交通行量和车速最大化。
换向平交77由单行道81、双行道82、单道换向左匝87、双道换向左匝88、单道右匝89和双道右匝90组成，平交应设置于下穿换向立交76下面，才能实现换向平交77，关键是利用单行道81从下穿换向立交76下面通过，构成换向平交77；
换向平交77有单左拓宽全独立换向平交78、单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交79、双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交91和左左二匝共道换向平交92四种；
单左拓宽全独立换向平交78的单道换向左匝87、双道换向左匝88、单道右匝89和双道右匝90各自独立，互不干扰，关键是通过单道换向左匝87拓宽，避免匝道共道，其平交称为单左拓宽全独立换向平交78；
单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交79的双道换向左匝88伸长，是根据单道换向左匝87拓宽需要而定；平交的单道右匝89、双道右匝90、单道换向左匝87和双道换向左匝88为各自独立，互不干扰，关键是通过双道换向左匝88伸长，单道换向左匝87拓宽，实现全独立，由于右匝设置于单行道81上，其平交称为单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交79；
双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交91的双道换向左匝88伸长，是根据单道换向 左匝87拓宽需要而定；平交的单道右匝89、双道右匝90、单道换向左匝87和双道换向左匝88为各自独立，互不干扰，关键是通过双道换向左匝88伸长，单道换向左匝87拓宽，实现全独立，由于右匝设置于双行道82上，其平交称为双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交91；
左左二匝共道换向平交92的单道右匝89和双道右匝90为独立，关键是单道换向左匝87和双道换向左匝88共道，其平交称为左左二匝共道换向平交92；
单道换向左匝87由单道分离点83至单道切入点84；
双道换向左匝88由双道分离点85至双道切入点86。
换向平交77的双左伸长单左拓宽有两个层面；一是双道换向左匝88伸长，简称双左伸长；二是单道换向左匝87拓宽，简称单左拓宽，双左伸长是根据单左拓宽而定。换言之，双左伸长单左拓宽是以长度和宽度换取换向平交77全独立。拓宽需要拆迁建筑，其位置可根据拆迁难易确定。
换向立交15与换向平交77均未表示停靠线65和公交站64。
换向左匝由换向坡道和换向平台组成，按性质、坡道33分别叙述。
按性质，换向左匝有直通换向左匝49、上跨换向左匝50、下穿换向左匝51三种。按坡道33，有双坡换向和单坡换向45两种。双坡换向由双坡组成。单坡换向45由水平道和坡道33组成，有上单坡和下单坡换向左匝两种。
节点斑马平交69(地面公交与下穿换向立交76叠加)是由地面公交与下穿换向立交76公交组成，即节点斑马平交69由斑马站位67、斑马竖梯68、节点地下斑马平台71、换乘竖梯66、公交站64、停靠线65组成。斑马站位67设置于地面层73。节点地下斑马平台71内设有换乘竖梯66、斑马竖梯68，其节点地下斑马平台71与直通线16的直通公交道5互不干扰。
路段斑马平交70(地面公交与路段公交叠加)是由地面公交与路段75公交组成，即路段斑马平交70由斑马站位67、斑马竖梯68、路段地下斑马平台72、公交站64、停靠线65组成。斑马站位67设置于地面层73，路段地下斑马平台72内设有斑马竖梯68，其路段地下斑马平台72与路段75的直通公交道5互不干扰。
节点、路段可不采用斑马平交14，仍用信号平交13，直通公交道5的乘客从道路两侧，通过地道进、出一层地高。
根据节点交叉、路段的实际情况，图面斑马站位67外侧的斑马竖梯68，可将其斑马竖梯68变换为斑马站位67的内侧。换言之，图面斑马竖梯68变换位置。
高速公路63与多维交通路网连接采用一层地高，或同时采用一层地高和二层地高，使其两者交通车速匹配，有效地克服高速公路63进、出城市产生的瓶颈效应，实现“无缝连接”；
多维交通路网设置于道路轴线4上。地面路网有地面快速路网42和地面慢速路网41两种，地面快速路网42交叉采用换向立交15和斑马平交14，地面慢速路网41交叉采用信号平交13；地面快速路段设置单向回头匝道95和双向回头匝道96，设置于地面快速路段的回头匝道，称其为地面快速回头匝道98。地面路段交叉3是指地面快速路网42和地面慢速路网41交叉，形式有信号平交13、斑马平交14和上跨立交三种。地面路段交叉3可根据需要设置。
一层地高高速路网43交叉采用换向立交15；一层地高路段61设置单向回头匝道95和双向回头匝道96，设置于一层地高路段的回头匝道，称其为一层地高回头匝道99。
地面快速路段和一层地高路段61的地面快速回头匝道98和一层地高回头匝道99是根据路网需求设置。
二层地高高速路网44交叉采用换向平交77，一层地高高速路网43交叉下面为二层地高路段12。
今天，许多地面上跨立交(非互通)的上跨线采用回头匝，其路网交通效果提高。以此类推，一层地高的上跨换向立交、下穿换向立交设置回头匝，其路网交通效果亦能提高。实际上，回头匝与换向左匝共用一个平台，两者反向各行其道，互不干扰。便于叙述，不管有坡道和无坡道均称其为左匝、右匝、回头匝。
不难看出，路网的左、右匝多于路网的实际需求量，这正是左右全独立、左右共道的换向立交15只能通过智能交通确保路网畅通的关键所在。换言之，多维交通路网作为硬件，必须采用智能交通，其路网特性才能获得应有的发挥。
最后必须指出：在应用本专利技术换向立交15和换向平交77等的前提下，应根据工程特点和智能汽车“安全”特性，对交通通行量、线路长短设置、岩土工程影响能力、梁板结构形式、工程施工“安全”和工程性价比等统筹兼顾，综合比选，使其工程设计为最佳。
本发明优化开发多维交通路网按多维交通路网、优化开发、智能交通和结语分别叙述。
一、多维交通路网
多维交通路网按基本路网、叠加路网、交叉形式、回头匝道和进出匝等分别叙述。
(一)基本路网
基本路网有四：地面慢速路网；地面快速路网；一层地高高速路网；二层地高高速路网。
1、地面慢速路网
目前城市信号平交路网称其为地面慢速路网。
2、地面快速路网
所谓地面快速路网，是指地面路网节点采用上跨换向立交、非互通上跨立交、斑马平交，其路网称为地面快速路网。
3、一层地高高速路网
一层地高高速路网节点采用上跨换向立交或下穿换向立交。
4、二层地高高速路网
二层地高高速路网节点采用换向平交。
(二)叠加路网
叠加路网由地面慢速路网、地面快速路网和一层地高高速路网或一、二层地高高速路网构成。叠加路网即多维交通路网。
(三)交叉形式
交叉形式按换向左匝、换向立交、换向平交、斑马平交、地下斑马平台和地上非机平台分别叙述。
1、换向左匝
换向左匝由坡道和换向平台组成，现按性质、坡道分别叙述。按性质，换向左匝有直通换向左匝、上跨换向左匝、下穿换向左匝三种。按坡道，有双坡换向和单坡换向两种。双坡换向由双坡组成；单坡换向由水平道和坡道组成。单坡换向有上单坡和下单坡换向左匝两种。
2、换向立交
换向立交有八：一、单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交；二、双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交；三、单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交；四、双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交；五、单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交；六、双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交；七、单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交；八、双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交。上单坡与下单坡两者效果相同。
3、换向平交
下沉互通换向平交应设置于下穿换向立交下面，利用单行道从下穿换向立交下面通过，构成下沉互通换向平交(简称换向平交)。换向平交有四：一、单左拓宽全独立换向平交；二、单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交；三、双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交；四、左左二匝共道换向平交。
4、斑马平交
所谓斑马平交，是指多维交通路网的直通公交设置于道路中间，地面公交乘客直接通过斑马站位实现平交，地高公交乘客通过斑马竖梯，再经斑马站位实现平交，其平交称为斑马平交。斑马平交有二：一是节点斑马平交；二是路段斑马平交。节点、路段斑马平交的斑马站位各不相同。斑马平交与信号平交根本区别在于前者设有斑马站位。
5、地下斑马平台
所谓地下斑马平台，是由斑马竖梯和换向竖梯构成，其平台设置于地面下层(地下一层)。地下斑马平台有二：一是节点地下斑马平台；二是路段地下斑马平台。前者由换向竖梯和斑马竖梯构成；后者仅由斑马竖梯构成。
6、地上非机平台
地上非机平台的功能有二：一是地面非机道互通，取代信号平交；二是实现地面公交与地高公交一站换乘。地上非机平台用于地面(上跨)立交、地面换向立交，前者为非互通立交；后者为互通立交。
(四)回头匝道
回头匝道按维度、性质、数量分别叙述。
1、按维度
按维度有地面快速回头匝道和一层地高回头匝道二种。
1)地面快速回头匝道
设置于地面快速路段上的回头匝道称其地面快速回头匝道。
2)一层地高回头匝道
设置于一层地高路段上的回头匝道称其一层地高回头匝道。
地面快速回头匝道和一层地高回头匝道二种回头匝道的互补性强，应“统筹”设置。一层地高回头匝道与隧道垂直进出匝匹配，极大限度提高了一层地高非公交道的可达性。
2、按性质
按性质，路段上有上跨双坡换向回头匝和下穿双坡换向回头匝两种。地面快速路段采用上跨双坡换向回头匝；一层地高路段采用上跨双坡换向回头匝或下穿双坡换向回头匝。具体设置视一层地高竖向层次确定。换向立交于上跨线、下穿线设置无坡回头匝道。
3、按数量
按数量有单向回头匝道和双向回头匝道两种。单向回头匝道和双向回头匝道应用于地面快速路段和一层地高路段，设置按需要确定。
(五)进出匝
地高路段进出匝有三：一、地面垂直进出匝；二、隧道垂直进出匝；三、地面平行进出；四、层间进出匝。地面垂直进出匝是从地面垂直进出路网(即地面络网节点交叉的右匝)，其进出匝称为地面垂直进出匝；隧道垂直匝是从地面垂直进出地高路网，其进出匝称为隧道垂直进出匝；地面平行进出匝是从地面路段进出地高路网，其进出匝称为地面平行进出匝，地面平行进出匝可错位设置；层间进出匝是指地面层、一层地高、二层地高之间竖向进出匝，其进出匝称为层间进出匝。
二、优化开发
优化开发是对多维交通路网开发进行优化。优化开发分时间优化、空间优化和施工优化三个层面。
(一)时间优化
时间优化的目的是使其城市交通快捷化、人性化。时间优化有：一、由地面慢速路网、地面快速路网、一层地高高速路网和二层地高高速路网构成的最佳车速“级配”；二、换向平台采取宽度拓宽和长度增加(即采用多道换向)“提高车速”；三、地面快速路网的单向回头匝道和双向回头匝道采用机动道与非机动道共道，确保非机道“快捷”；四、一层地高路段设置单向回头匝道和双向回头匝道，并与匝道匹配，使其一层地高的非公交可达时间“最优”；五、高速公路与多维交通路网连接采用一层地高，或同时采用一层地高和二层地高，使其两者交通车速匹配，有效地克服高速公路进、出城市产生的瓶颈效应，实现“高速无缝”。
(二)空间优化
空间优化的目的是使城市空间资源开发利用高效化、最大化。空间优化有：一、动态交通与静态交通“统筹”；二、设置地下充电桩，克服“里程焦虑”；三、管道输送系统；四、城市各类管网“统筹”；五、直通公交道无需左、右匝道，使其空间资源获得更有效的“利用”；六、异地静态交通自由调度，加大静态交通开发“力度”。
(三)施工优化
施工优化的目的是指城市基础设施施工，对环境污染一次化、最小化。施工优化为公共隧道施工法，公共隧道由多维交通路网、各种管网和拟建项目组成，实现地下空间资源一次性开发，各种管网维护、更替、增加均于公共隧道内进行，避免造成城市经常环境污染，有效克服“拉链马路”，其施工称为公共隧道施工法。
三、智能路网(道路)
在本发明优化开发多维交通路网的基础上，加入智能交通，其路网称为智能路网或智能道路。 多维交通路网是基础；一站换乘公交是关键；智能路网或智能道路是建立城市智能、有序路网的保障。现分别叙述于次。
多维交通路网与信号慢速路网的本质区别，在于前者需要有效地控制其路网交通通行量，确保路网交通畅通无阻，不产生“拥堵”。否则，多维交通路网同样沦为道路“太平间”、道路“接生房”。不难看出，多维交通路网只有采用智能交通控制其路网(道路)，地面快速路网和地高高速路网才能实现。智能交通有两个层面：一是将信号慢速路网与多维交通路网分离,各自独立；二是优化多维交通路网，使其道路通行量最大化。
城市交通换代有两个层面：一是汽车换代，二是道路换代。汽车换代是从目前的内燃机汽车模式更换为智能汽车；道路换代是从目前以地铁为轴心的多元模式更换为智能道路，智能汽车一是能源换代；二是安全换代，即“电动”；“自动”。智能汽车在高速公路上可充分发挥其特性，但在城市，现有多元交通模式限制了智能汽车的发挥。假设智能汽车较目前车速(45km/h)提高一倍(即90km/h)，只要城市道路仍由信号平交控制，早、晚高峰车速不足15km/h的现况不会改变。智能道路建立地面快速路网和地高高速路网，致使信号路网边缘化，克服“三堵”(早、晚高峰“堵”、高速进、出城“堵”、个别道路“堵”)和避免道路“太平间”、道路“接生房”。
四、结语
本发明优点如下：
1、解决城市交通“拥堵”，实现全球城市可持续发展；
2、节约土地资源，有助于资质资源应用；
3、有利于新能源汽车(智能汽车)推广应用；
4、地下高速公路构成全球巨无霸产业。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述多维交通路网由地面快速路网(42)、一层地高高速路网(43)和二层地高高速路网(44)组成，地面快速路网(42)采用斑马平交(14)和换向立交(15)；一层地高高速路网(43)采用换向立交(15)；二层地高高速路网(44)采用换向平交(77)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述的换向立交(15)有单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交(19)、双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交(21)、单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交(22)、双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交(23)、单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交(25)、双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交(27)、单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交(28)、双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交(29)8个。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交(19)于上跨线(17)设置单坡换向(45)、其立交由直通线(16)、上跨线(17)、直通换向左匝(49)、直通右匝(7)和上跨右匝(8)组成；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)由直通分离点(35)至直通切入点(36)；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)、直通右匝(7)和上跨右匝(8)各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交(19)。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交(21)于直通线(16)、上跨线(17)各设单坡换向(45)、其立交由直通线(16)、上跨线(17)、直通换向左匝(49)、上跨换向左匝(50)、直通右匝(7)和上跨右匝(8)组成；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)由直通分离点(35)至直通切入点(36)；
    所述上跨换向左匝(50)由上跨分离点(37)至上跨切入点(38)；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)、直通右匝(7)和上跨右匝(8)各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右全独立上跨换向立交(21)。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交(22)于上跨线(17)设置单坡换向(45)，其立交由直通线(16)、上跨线(17)、直通换向左匝(49)、直通右匝(7)和上跨右匝(8)组成；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)由直通分离点(35)至直通切入点(36)；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)和直通右匝(7)共道；直通换向左匝(49)和上跨右匝(8)共道，简称左右共道(47)，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交(22)。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交(23)于直通线(16)、上跨线(17)各设单坡换向(45)，其立交由直通线(16)、上跨线(17)、直通换向左匝(49)、上跨换向左匝(50)、直通右匝(7)和上跨右匝(8)组成；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)由直通分离点(35)至直通切入点(36)；
    所述上跨换向左匝(50)由上跨分离点(37)至上跨切入点(38)；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)和直通右匝(7)共道；直通换向左匝(49)和上跨右匝(8)共道，简称左右共道(47)，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右共道上跨换向立交(23)。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交(25)于下穿线(18)设置单坡换向(45)，其立交由直通线(16)、下穿线(18)、直通换向左匝(49)、直通右匝(7)和下穿右匝(9)组成；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)由直通分离点(35)至直通切入点(36)；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)、直通右匝(7)和下穿右匝(9)各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交(25)。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交(27)于直通线(16)、下穿线(18)各设单坡换向(45)，其立交由直通线(16)、下穿线(18)、直通换向左匝(49)、下穿换向左匝(51)、直通右匝(7)和下穿右匝(9)组成；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)由直通分离点(35)至直通切入点(36)；
    所述下穿换向左匝(51)由下穿分离点(39)至下穿切入点(40)；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)、直通右匝(7)和下穿右匝(9)各自独立，互不干扰，简称左右全独立，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右全独立下穿换向立交(27)。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交(28)于下穿线(18)设置单坡换向(45)，其立交由直通线(16)、下穿线(18)、直通换向左匝(49)、直通右匝(7)和下穿右匝(9)组成；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)由直通分离点(35)至直通切入点(36)；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)和直通右匝(7)共道；直通换向左匝(49)和下穿右匝(9)共道，简称左右共道(47)，其立交称为单道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交(28)。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交(29)于直通线(16)、下穿线(18)各设单坡换向(45)，其立交由直通 线(16)、下穿线(18)、直通换向左匝(49)、下穿换向左匝(51)、直通右匝(7)和下穿右匝(9)组成；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)由直通分离点(35)至直通切入点(36)；
    所述下穿换向左匝(51)由下穿分离点(39)至下穿切入点(40)；
    所述直通换向左匝(49)和直通右匝(7)共道；直通换向左匝(49)和下穿右匝(9)共道，简称左右共道(47)，其立交称为双道单坡换向左右共道下穿换向立交(29)。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述优化开发多维交通路网，其特征在于：所述换向平交(77)由单行道(81)、双行道(82)、单道换向左匝(87)、双道换向左匝(88)、单道右匝(89)和双道右匝(90)组成，平交应设置于下穿换向立交(76)下面，才能实现换向平交(77)，关键是利用单行道(81)从下穿换向立交(76)下面通过，构成换向平交(77)；
    所述换向平交(77)有单左拓宽全独立换向平交(78)、单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交(79)、双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交(91)和左左二匝共道换向平交(92)四种；
    所述单左拓宽全独立换向平交(78)的单道换向左匝(87)、双道换向左匝(88)、单道右匝(89)和双道右匝(90)各自独立，互不干扰，关键是通过单道换向左匝(87)拓宽，避免匝道共道，其平交称为单左拓宽全独立换向平交(78)；
    所述单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交(79)的双道换向左匝(88)伸长，是根据单道换向左匝(87)拓宽需要而定；平交的单道右匝(89)、双道右匝(90)、单道换向左匝(87)和双道换向左匝(88)为各自独立，互不干扰，关键是通过双道换向左匝(88)伸长，单道换向左匝(87)拓宽，实现全独立，由于右匝设置于单行道(81)上，其平交称为单道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交(79)；
    所述双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交(91)的双道换向左匝(88)伸长，是根据单道换向左匝(87)拓宽需要而定；平交的单道右匝(89)、双道右匝(90)、单道换向左匝(87)和双道换向左匝(88)为各自独立，互不干扰，关键是通过双道换向左匝(88)伸长，单道换向左匝(87)拓宽，实现全独立，由于右匝设置于双行道(82)上，其平交称为双道右匝式双左伸长单左拓宽全独立换向平交(91)；
    所述左左二匝共道换向平交(92)的单道右匝(89)和双道右匝(90)为独立，关键是单道换向左匝(87)和双道换向左匝(88)共道，其平交称为左左二匝共道换向平交(92)；
    所述单道换向左匝(87)由单道分离点(83)至单道切入点(84)；
    所述双道换向左匝(88)由双道分离点(85)至双道切入点(86)。
  12. 一种根据权利要求1所述优化开发多维交通路网的优化开发，其特征在于：所述优化开发有时间优化、空间优化和施工优化三种。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述优化开发多维交通路网的优化开发，其特征在于：所述时间优化有：一、由地面慢速路网(41)、地面快速路网(42)、一层地高高速路网(43)和二层地高高速路网(44)构成的最佳车速“级配”；二、换向平台采取宽度拓宽和长度增加(即采用多道换向)“提高车速”；三、地面快速路网(42)的单向回头匝道(95)和双向回头匝道(96)采用机动道与非机动道共道，确保非机道“快捷”；四、地面快速路段和一层地高路段(61)设置单向回头匝道(95)和双向回头匝道(96)，并与其匝道匹配，使其地面快速、一层地高的非公交可达时间“最优”；五、高速公路(63)与多维交通路网连接采用一层地高，或同时采用一层地高和二层地高，使其两者交通车速匹配，有效地克服高速公路(63)进、出城市产生的瓶颈效应，实现“高速无缝”。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述优化开发多维交通路网的优化开发，其特征在于：所述空间优化有：一、动态交通与静态交通(30)“统筹”；二、设置地下充电桩(31)，克服“里程焦虑”；三、管道输送系统；四、城市各种管网(56)“统筹”；五、直通公交道(5)无需左、右匝道，使其空间资源获得更有效的“利用”；六、异地静态交通(30)自由调度，加大静态交通(30)开发“力度”。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述优化开发多维交通路网的优化开发，其特征在于：所述施工优化为公共隧道(55)施工法，公共隧道(55)由多维交通路网、各种管网(56)和拟建项目(54)组成，实现地下空间资源一次性开发，各种管网(56)维护、更替、增加均于公共隧道(55)内进行，避免造成城市经常环境污染，有效克服“拉链马路”，其施工称为公共隧道(55)施工法。
PCT/CN2016/079356 2015-04-16 2016-04-15 优化开发多维交通路网 WO2016165637A1 (zh)

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