US20110189206A1 - Antibody Targeting Through a Modular Recognition Domain - Google Patents

Antibody Targeting Through a Modular Recognition Domain Download PDF

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US20110189206A1
US20110189206A1 US12/747,883 US74788308A US2011189206A1 US 20110189206 A1 US20110189206 A1 US 20110189206A1 US 74788308 A US74788308 A US 74788308A US 2011189206 A1 US2011189206 A1 US 2011189206A1
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antibody
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mrd
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binding
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Carlos F. Barbas, III
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Scripps Research Institute
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
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    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
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    • A61K47/66—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid the modifying agent being a pre-targeting system involving a peptide or protein for targeting specific cells
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    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
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    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2839—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the integrin superfamily
    • C07K16/2848—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the integrin superfamily against integrin beta3-subunit-containing molecules, e.g. CD41, CD51, CD61
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2863—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for growth factors, growth regulators
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    • C07K16/32—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against translation products of oncogenes
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    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
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    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/0002—Antibodies with enzymatic activity, e.g. abzymes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
    • G01N33/6845—Methods of identifying protein-protein interactions in protein mixtures
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    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
    • C07K2319/035—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a signal for targeting to the external surface of a cell, e.g. to the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, GPI- anchored eukaryote proteins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/70—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction
    • C07K2319/74—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction containing a fusion for binding to a cell surface receptor

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to antibodies containing one or more modular recognition domains and more specifically to the use of the antibodies containing one or more modular recognition domains to treat disease, and methods of making antibodies containing one or more modular recognition domains.
  • Catalytically active monoclonal antibodies can be used for selective prodrug activation and chemical transformations.
  • Monoclonal Abs with aldolase activity have emerged as highly efficient catalysts for a number of chemical transformations, particularly aldol and retro-aldol reactions.
  • the retro-aldolase activity of Abs, such as 38C2 and 93F3 have allowed researchers to design, synthesize, and evaluate prodrugs of various chemotherapeutic agents that can be activated by retro-aldol reactions.
  • Construction of 38C2 was described in WO 97/21803, herein incorporated by reference).
  • 38C2 contains an antibody combining site that catalyzes the aldol addition reaction between an aliphatic donor and an aldehyde acceptor.
  • systemic administration of an etoposide prodrug and intra-tumor injection of 38C2 inhibited tumor growth.
  • catalytic Abs lack a device to target the catalytic Ab to the malignant cells.
  • ADPT antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy
  • ADAPT antibody-directed abzyme prodrug therapy
  • catalytic antibodies can be directed to tumor cells by chemical conjugation or recombinant fusion to targeting antibodies.
  • a more efficient alternative would be using the catalytic antibody fused to a targeting peptide located outside the antibody combining site, thereby leaving the active site available for the prodrug activation.
  • the fusion of Ab 38C2 to an integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3-binding peptide would selectively localize the antibody to the tumor and/or the tumor vasculature and trigger prodrug activation at that site.
  • the potential therapy of this approach is supported by preclinical and phase Ill clinical data suggesting that peptides can be converted into viable drugs through fusion to antibody Fc regions.
  • bispecific or multi-specific antibodies that target two or more cancer targets simultaneously and or activate prodrugs offers a novel and promising solution to attacking cancer and other diseases.
  • Such antibodies are exemplified in FIG. 1 of the present application.
  • BsAb bispecific antibodies
  • tumor-associated antigens e.g. growth factor receptors
  • bispecific antibodies have been prepared by chemically linking two different monoclonal antibodies or by fusing two hybridoma cell lines to produce a hybrid-hybridoma.
  • Dual-specific, tetravalent IgG-like molecules, or dual-variable-domain immunoglobins have been engineered from two monoclonal antibodies. These dual-variable-domain immunoglobins are capable of binding both antigens in the presence of serum.
  • these approaches present challenges with respect to manufacturing, yield and purity.
  • BsAb fragments such as diabody, minibody, and Fab-scFv fusion proteins.
  • BsAb fragments may possess some advantages over the full-length IgG-like molecules for certain clinical applications, such as for tumor radio-imaging and targeting, because of better tissue penetration and faster clearance from the circulation.
  • IgG-like BsAb may prove to be preferred over smaller BsAb fragments for other in vivo applications, specifically for oncology indications, by providing the Fc domain that confers long serum half-life and supports secondary immune function, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-mediated cytotoxicity.
  • Peptibodies are essentially peptide fusions with antibody Fc regions. Given the success of studies using random peptide libraries to find high-affinity peptide ligands for a wide variety of targets, fusion of such peptides to antibody Fc regions provides a means of making peptides into therapeutic candidates by increasing their circulatory half-life and activity through increased valency.
  • Protein interactions with other molecules is basic to biochemistry. Protein interactions include receptor-ligand interactions, antibody-antigen interactions, cell-cell contact and pathogen interactions with target tissues. Protein interactions can involve contact with other proteins, with carbohydrates, oligosaccharides, lipids, metal ions and the like materials.
  • the basic unit of protein interaction is the region of the protein involved in contact and recognition, and is referred to as the binding site or target site.
  • Peptides derived from phage display libraries typically retain their binding characteristics when linked to other molecules.
  • Specific peptides of this type can be treated as modular specificity blocks or molecular recognition domains (MRDs) that can be combined to create a single protein with binding specificities for several defined targets.
  • MRDs molecular recognition domains
  • Integrins are a family of transmembrane cell adhesion receptors that are composed of ⁇ and ⁇ subunits and mediate cell attachment to proteins within the extracellular matrix. At present, eighteen ⁇ and eight ⁇ subunits are known; these form 24 different ⁇ heterodimers with different specificities for various ECM cell-adhesive proteins.
  • Ligands for various integrins include fibronectin, collagen, laminin, von Willebrand factor, osteopontin, thrombospondin, and vitronectin, which are all components of the ECM. Certain integrins can also bind to soluble ligands such as fibrinogen or to other adhesion molecules on adjacent cells.
  • Integrins are known to exist in distinct activation states that exhibit different affinities for ligand. Recognition of soluble ligands by integrins strictly depends on specific changes in receptor conformation. This provides a molecular switch that controls the ability of cells to aggregate in an integrin dependent manner and to arrest under the dynamic flow conditions of the vasculature. This mechanism is well established for leukocytes and platelets that circulate within the blood stream in a resting state while expressing non-activated integrins.
  • these cell types Upon stimulation through proinflammatory or prothrombotic agonists, these cell types promptly respond with a number of molecular changes including the switch of key integrins, ⁇ 2 integrins for leucocytes and ⁇ v ⁇ 3 for platelets, from “resting” to “activated” conformations. This enables these cell types to arrest within the vasculature, promoting cell cohesion and leading to thrombus formation.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 in a constitutively activated form.
  • This aberrant expression of ⁇ v ⁇ 3 plays a role in metastasis of breast cancer as well as prostate cancer, melanoma, and neuroblastic tumors.
  • the activated receptor strongly promotes cancer cell migration and enables the cells to arrest under blood flow conditions.
  • activation of ⁇ v ⁇ 3 endows metastatic cells with key properties likely to be critical for successful dissemination and colonization of target organs.
  • Tumor cells that have successfully entered a target organ may further utilize ⁇ v ⁇ 3 to thrive in the new environment, as ⁇ v ⁇ 3 matrix interactions can promote cell survival and proliferation.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ 3 binding to osteopontin promotes malignancy and elevated levels of osteopontin correlate with a poor prognosis in breast cancer.
  • the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integrin is one of the most widely studied integrins. Antagonists of this molecule have significant potential for use in targeted drug delivery.
  • One approach that has been used to target ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integrin uses the high binding specificity to ⁇ v ⁇ 3 of peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence. This tripeptide, naturally present in extracellular matrix proteins, is the primary binding site of the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integrin.
  • RGD based reporter probes are problematic due to fast blood clearance, high kidney and liver uptake and fast tumor washout. Chemical modification of cyclised RGD peptides has been shown to increase their stability and valency. These modified peptides are then coupled to radio-isotopes and used either for tumor imaging or to inhibit tumor growth.
  • Integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 is one of the most well characterized integrin heterodimers and is one of several heterodimers that have been implicated in tumor-induced angiogenesis. While sparingly expressed in mature blood vessels, ⁇ v ⁇ 3 is significantly up-regulated during angiogenesis in vivo. The expression of ⁇ v ⁇ 3 correlates with aggressiveness of disease in breast and cervical cancer as well as in malignant melanoma. Recent studies suggest that ⁇ v ⁇ 3 may be useful as a diagnostic or prognostic indicator for some tumors. Integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 is particularly attractive as a therapeutic target due to its relatively limited cellular distribution. It is not generally expressed on epithelial cells, and minimally expressed on other cell types. Furthermore, ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonists, including both cyclic RGD peptides and monoclonal antibodies, significantly inhibit cytokine-induced angiogenesis and the growth of solid tumor on the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ 5 Another integrin heterodimer, ⁇ v ⁇ 5, is more widely expressed on malignant tumor cells and is likely involved in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. It has been shown that ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 5 promote angiogenesis via distinct pathways: ⁇ v ⁇ 3 through bFGF and TNF- ⁇ , and ⁇ v ⁇ 5 through VEGF and TGF- ⁇ . It has also been shown that inhibition of Src kinase can block VEGF-induced, but not FGF2-induced, angiogenesis. These results strongly imply that FGF2 and VEGF activate different angiogenic pathways that require ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 5, respectively.
  • Integrins have also been implicated in tumor metastasis. Metastasis is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer. Malignant progression of melanoma, glioma, ovarian, and breast cancer have all been strongly linked with the expression of the integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and in some cases with ⁇ v ⁇ 5. More recently, it has been shown that activation of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 plays a significant role in metastasis in human breast cancer. A very strong correlation between expression of ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and breast cancer metastasis has been noted where normal breast epithelia are ⁇ v ⁇ 3 negative and approximately 50% of invasive lobular carcinomas and nearly all bone metastases in breast cancer express ⁇ v ⁇ 3. Antagonism of ⁇ v ⁇ 3 with a cyclic peptide has been shown to synergize with radioimmunotherapy in studies involving breast cancer xenografts.
  • Angiogenesis the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, is essential to may physiological and pathological processes. Normally, angiogenesis is tightly regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, but in the case of diseases such as cancer, ocular neovascular disease, arthritis and psoriasis, the process can go awry.
  • the association of angiogenesis with disease has made the discovery of anti-angiogenic compound attractive.
  • Tie-2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase with four known ligands, angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) through angiopoietin-4 (Ang4), the best studied being Ang1 and Ang2.
  • Ang1 stimulates phosphorylation of Tie2 and the Ang2 interaction with Tie2 has been shown to both antagonize and agonize Tie2 receptor phosphorylation. Elevated Ang2 expression at sites of normal and pathological postnatal angiogenesis circumstantially implies a proangiogenic role for Ang2. Vessel-selective Ang2 induction associated with angiogenesis has been demonstrated in diseases including cancer. In patients with colon carcinoma, Ang2 is expressed ubiquitously in tumor epithelium, whereas expression of Ang1 in tumor epithelium was shown to be rare. The net gain of Ang2 activity has been suggested to be an initiating factor for tumor angiogenesis.
  • Herceptin (Trastuzumab), developed by Genentech, is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the human epidermal tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (HER2 or ErbB2).
  • HER2 human epidermal tyrosine kinase receptor 2
  • the HER2 gene is overexpressed in 25% of invasive breast cancers, and is associated with poor prognosis and altered sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Herceptin blocks the proliferation of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers, and is currently the only ErbB2 targeted antibody therapy approved by the FDA for the treatment of ErbB2 over-expressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
  • ErbB2 In normal adult cells, few ErbB2 molecules exist at the cell surface ⁇ 20,000 per cell, so few heterodimers are formed and growth signals are relatively weak and controllable. When ErbB2 is overexpressed, ⁇ 500,000 per cell, multiple ErbB2 heterodimers are formed and cell signaling is stronger, resulting in enhanced responsiveness to growth factors and malignant growth. This explains why ErbB2 overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis in breast tumors and may be predictive of response to treatment.
  • ErbB2 is a promising and validated target for breast cancer, where it is found both in primary tumor and metastatic sites.
  • Herceptin induces rapid removal of ErbB2 from the cell surface, thereby reducing its availability to heterodimerize and promote growth.
  • Mechanisms of action of Herceptin observed in experimental in vitro and in vivo models include inhibition of proteolysis of ErbB2's extracellular domain, disruption of downstream signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase (P13K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, GI cell-cycle arrest, inhibition of DNA repair, suppression of angiogenesis and induction of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
  • P13K phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase
  • MAK mitogen-activated protein kinase
  • ADCC antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  • IGF-1R insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
  • IGF-1R is a receptor-tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in signaling cell survival and proliferation.
  • the IGF system is frequently deregulated in cancer cells by the establishment of autocrine loops involving IGF-I or -II and/or IGF-1R overexpression.
  • epidemiological studies have suggested a link between elevated IGF levels and the development of major human cancers, such as breast, colon, lung and prostate cancer. Expression of IGFs and their cognate receptors has been correlated with disease stage, reduced survival, development of metastases and tumor de-differentiation.
  • epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • IGF-1R epidermal growth factor receptor
  • IGF-1R insulin growth factor-1 receptor
  • overexpression and/or activation of IGF-1R in tumor cells might contribute to their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, or antibody therapy such as Herceptin. And consequently, inhibition of IGF-1R signaling has resulted in increased sensitivity of tumor cells to Herceptin.
  • EGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed on many normal tissues as well as neoplastic lesions of most organs. Overexpression of EGFR or expression of mutant forms of EGFR has been observed in many tumors, particularly epithelial tumors, and is associated with poor clinical prognosis. Inhibition of signaling through this receptor induces an anti-tumor effect.
  • Cetuximab also known as Erbitux (a mouse/human chimeric antibody) in February of 2004, EGFR became an approved antibody drug target for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
  • Erbitux also received FDA approval for the treatment squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).
  • Vectibix a fully human antibody directed against EGFR, was approved for metastatic colorectal cancer. Neither drug is a stand-alone agent in colorectal cancer—they were approved as add-ons to existing colorectal regimens.
  • Erbitux is given in combination with the drug irinotecan and Vectibix is administered after disease progression on, or following fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy regimens. Erbitux has been approved as a single agent in recurrent or metastatic SCCHN only where prior platinum-based chemotherapy has failed. Advanced clinical trials which use these drugs to target non-small cell lung carcinoma are ongoing.
  • MRDs modular recognition domains
  • MRDs can be appended on any of the termini of either heavy or light chains of a typical antibody.
  • the first schematic represents a simple peptibody with a peptide fused to the C-terminus of an Fc. This approach provided for the preparation of bi-, tri-, tetra, and penta-specific antibodies. Display of a single MRD at each N- and C-termini of an IgG provides for octavalent display of the MRD.
  • high-affinity peptides selected from phage display libraries or derived from natural ligands may offer a highly versatile and modular approach to the construction of multifunctional antibodies that retain both the binding and half-life advantages of traditional antibodies.
  • MRDs can also extend the binding capacity of non-catalytic antibodies, providing for an effective approach to extend the binding functionality of antibodies, particularly for therapeutic purposes.
  • the present invention is directed towards a full length antibody comprising a modular recognition domain (MRD). Also embodied in the present invention are variants and derivitaves of such antibodies comprising a MRD.
  • MRD modular recognition domain
  • the antibody and the MRD are operably linked through a linker peptide.
  • the linker peptide is between 2 to 20 peptides long, or between 4 to 10 or about 4 to 15 peptides long.
  • the linker peptide comprises the sequence GGGS (SEQ ID. NO.:1), the sequence SSG GGGS GGGGGGSS (SEQ ID. NO.: 2), or the sequence SSG GGGS GGGGGGSSRSS (SEQ ID NO.: 19).
  • Other linkers containing a core sequence GGGS as shown in SEQ ID NO:1 are included herein wherein the linker peptide is from about 4-20 amino acids.
  • the MRD is operably linked to the C-terminal end of the heavy chain of the antibody. In another aspect, the MRD is operably linked to the N-terminal end of the heavy chain of the antibody. In yet another aspect, the MRD is operably linked to the C-terminal end of the light chain of the antibody. In another aspect, the MRD is operably linked to the N-terminal end of the light chain of the antibody. In another aspect, two or more MRDs are operably linked to any terminal end of the antibody. In another aspect, two or more MRDs are operably linked to two or more terminal ends of the antibody.
  • the target of the MRD is a cellular antigen. In one embodiment of the present invention, the target of the MRD is CD20.
  • the target of the MRD is an integrin.
  • the peptide sequence of the integrin targeting MRD is YCRGDCT (SEQ ID. NO.:3).
  • the peptide sequence of the integrin targeting MRD is PCRGDCL (SEQ ID. NO.:4).
  • the peptide sequence of the integrin targeting MRD is TCRGDCY (SEQ ID. NO.:5).
  • the peptide sequence of the integrin targeting MRD is LCRGDCF (SEQ ID. NO.:6).
  • the target of the MRD is an angiogenic cytokine.
  • the peptide sequence of the angiogenic cytokine targeting MRD is MGAQTNFMPMDDLEQRLYEQFILQQGLE (SEQ ID. NO.:7).
  • the peptide sequence of the angiogenic cytokine targeting MRD is MGAQTNFMPMDNDELLLYEQFILQQGLE (SEQ ID. NO.:8).
  • the peptide sequence of the angiogenic cytokine targeting MRD is MGAQTNFMPMDATETRLYEQFILQQGLE (SEQ ID. NO.:9).
  • the peptide sequence of the angiogenic cytokine targeting MRD is AQQEECEWDPWTCEHMGSGSATGGSGSTASSGSGSATHQEECEWDPWTCEHMLE (SEQ ID. NO.:10).
  • the peptide sequence of the angiogenic cytokine targeting MRD is MGAQTNFMPMDNDELLNYEQFILQQGLE (SEQ ID. NO.: 11).
  • the peptide sequence of the angiogenic cytokine targeting MRD is PXDNDXLLNY (SEQ ID. NO.: 12), where X is one of the 20 naturally-occurring amino acids.
  • the targeting MRD peptide has the core sequence MGAQTNFMPMDXn (SEQ ID NO:56), wherein X is any amino acid and n is from about 0 to 15.
  • the targeting MRD peptide contains a core sequence selected from:
  • XnEFAPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 22); XnELAPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 25); XnEFSPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 28); XnELEPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 31); and Xn AQQEECEX 1 X 2 PWTCEHMXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues and X, X 1 and X 2 are any amino acid (SEQ ID NO:57).
  • Exemplary peptides containing such core peptides include for example:
  • the target of the MRD is ErbB2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the target of the MRD is ErbB3. In one embodiment of the present invention, the target of the MRD is tumor-associated surface antigen epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM).
  • Ep-CAM tumor-associated surface antigen epithelial cell adhesion molecule
  • the target of the MRD is VEGF.
  • the peptide sequence of the VEGF targeting MRD is VEPNCDIHVMWEWECFERL (SEQ ID. NO.:13).
  • the target of the MRD is an insulin-like growth factor-I receptor.
  • the peptide sequence of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor targeting MRD is SFYSCLESLVNGPAEKSRGQWDGCRKK (SEQ ID NO:14).
  • Other illustrative IGF-1R targeting MRDs include, for example, a peptide with the formula NFYQCIX 1 X 2 LX 3 X4X 5 PAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO:58), wherein X 1 is E or D; X 2 is any amino acid; X 3 is any amino acid; X 4 is any amino acid and X 5 is any amino acid.
  • Illustrative peptides that contain the formula include:
  • NFYQCIEMLASHPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO: 35) NFYQCIEQLALRPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG; (SEQ ID NO: 36) NFYQCIDLLMAYPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG; (SEQ ID NO: 37) NFYQCIERLVTGPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG; (SEQ ID NO: 38) NFYQCIEYLAMKPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG; (SEQ ID NO: 39) NFYQCIEALQSRPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG; (SEQ ID NO: 40) NFYQCIEALSRSPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG; (SEQ ID NO: 41) NFYQCIEHLSGSPAEKSRGQWQECRTG; (SEQ ID NO: 42) NFYQCIESLAGGPAEKSRGQWQECRTG; (SEQ ID NO: 43) NFYQCIEALVGVPAEKSRGQWQECRT
  • the target of the MRD is a tumor antigen.
  • the target of the MRD is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In one embodiment of the present invention, the target of the MRD is an angiogenic factor. In one embodiment of the present invention, the target of the MRD is an angiogenic receptor.
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • the MRD is a vascular homing peptide.
  • the peptide sequence of the vascular homing peptide is ACDCRGDCFCG (SEQ ID. NO:15).
  • the target of the MRD is a nerve growth factor.
  • the antibody binds to a cell surface antigen.
  • the antibody or MRD binds to EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, CD20, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, or prostate specific membrane antigen.
  • the peptide sequence of the EGFR targeting MRD is VDNKFNKELEKAYNEIRNLPNLNGWQMTAFIASLVDDPSQSANLLAEAKKLNDAQA PK (SEQ ID NO: 16).
  • the peptide sequence of the EGFR targeting MRD is VDNKFNKEMWIAWEEIRNLPNLNGWQMTAFIASLVDDPSQSANLLAEAKKLNDAQ APK (SEQ ID NO: 17).
  • the peptide sequence of ErbB2 targeting MRD is VDNKFNKEMRNAYWEIALLPNLNNQQKRAFIRSLYDDPSQSANLLAEAKKLNDAQA PK (SEQ ID NO: 18).
  • the antibody binds to an angiogenic factor.
  • the antibody binds to an angiogenic receptor.
  • the present invention also relates to an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence of the antibody.
  • a vector comprises the polynucleotide.
  • the polynucleotide is operatively linked with a regulatory sequence that controls expression on the polynucleotide.
  • a host cell comprises the polynucleotide or progeny.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of treating a disease a subject in need thereof is provided, the method comprising administering an antibody comprising an MRD.
  • the disease is cancer.
  • undesired angiogenesis in inhibited.
  • angiogenesis is modulated.
  • tumor growth is inhibited.
  • a method of treatment comprising administering an additional therapeutic agent along with an antibody comprising an MRD is described.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of making a full length antibody comprising a MRD is described.
  • the MRD is derived from a phage display library.
  • the MRD is derived from natural ligands.
  • the antibody is chimeric or humanized.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of different designs of tetravalent IgG-like BsAbs.
  • FIG. 2A shows a typical peptibody as C-terminal fusion with Fc.
  • FIG. 2B shows an antibody with a C-terminal MRD fusion with the light chain of the antibody.
  • FIG. 2C shows an antibody with an N-terminal MRD fusion with the light chain of the antibody.
  • FIG. 2D shows an antibody with unique MRD peptides fused to each terminus of the antibody.
  • FIG. 3 depicts the results of an ELISA in which integrin and Ang2 were bound by an anti-integrin antibody fused to a ang-2 targeting MRD.
  • FIG. 4 depicts the results of an ELISA in which integrin and Ang2 were bound by an anti-integrin antibody fused to a ang-2 targeting MRD.
  • FIG. 5 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an anti-ErbB2 antibody was fused to an MRD which targeted Ang2.
  • FIG. 6 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an Ang2 targeting MRD was fused to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding antibody.
  • FIG. 7 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an integrin targeting MRD was fused to an ErbB2 binding antibody.
  • FIG. 8 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an integrin targeting MRD was fused to an hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding antibody.
  • FIG. 9 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an insulin-like growth factor-I receptor targeting MRD was fused to an ErbB2 binding antibody.
  • FIG. 10 depicts the results of an ELISA in which a VEGF-targeting MRD was fused to an ErbB2 binding antibody.
  • FIG. 11 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an integrin targeting MRD was fused to a catalytic antibody.
  • FIG. 12 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an Ang-2-targeting MRD was fused to a catalytic antibody.
  • FIG. 13 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an integrin and Ang-2 targeting MRD was fused to an ErbB2 binding antibody.
  • FIG. 14 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an integrin targeting MRD was fused to an ErbB2-binding antibody.
  • FIG. 15 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an integrin, Ang-2, or insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-targeting MRD was fused to an ErbB2 or hepatocyte growth factor receptor-binding antibody with a short linker peptide.
  • FIG. 16 depicts the results of an ELISA in which an integrin, Ang-2, or insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-targeting MRD was fused to an ErbB2 or hepatocyte growth factor receptor-binding antibody with a long linker peptide.
  • antibody used herein to refer to intact immunoglobulin molecules and includes polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, chimeric, single chain, and humanized antibodies.
  • An intact antibody comprises at least two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds.
  • Each heavy chain is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VH) and a heavy chain constant region.
  • the heavy chain constant region is comprised of three domains, CH 1 , CH 2 and CH 3 .
  • Each light chain is comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as V L ) and a light chain constant region.
  • the light chain constant region is comprised of one domain, C L .
  • V H and V L regions can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining regions (CDR), interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR).
  • CDR complementarity determining regions
  • FR framework regions
  • Each V H and V L is composed of three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxyl-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4.
  • the variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen.
  • a “dual-specific antibody” is used herein to refer to an immunoglobulin molecule which contain dual-variable-domain immunoglobins, where the dual-variable-domain can be engineered from any two monoclonal antibodies.
  • an “antibody combining site” is that structural portion of an antibody molecule comprised of a heavy and light chain variable and hypervariable regions that specifically binds (immunoreacts with) an antigen.
  • the term “immunoreact” in its various forms means specific binding between an antigenic determinant-containing molecule and a molecule containing an antibody combining site such as a whole antibody molecule or a portion thereof.
  • antibody refers to a peptide or polypeptide which comprises less than a complete, intact antibody.
  • Naturally occurring when used in connection with biological materials such as a nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, host cells, and the like refers to those which are found in nature and not modified by a human being.
  • “Monoclonal antibody” refers to a population of antibody molecules that contain only one species of antibody combining site capable of immunoreacting with a particular epitope. A monoclonal antibody thus typically displays a single binding affinity for any epitope with which it immunoreacts. A monoclonal antibody may therefore contain an antibody molecule having a plurality of antibody combining sites, each immunospecific for a different epitope, e.g., a bispecific monoclonal antibody.
  • a “modular recognition domain” (MRD) or “target binding peptide” is a molecule, such as a protein, glycoprotein and the like, that can specifically (non-randomly) bind to a target molecule.
  • the amino acid sequence of a MRD site can tolerate some degree of variability and still retain a degree of capacity to bind the target molecule. Furthermore, changes in the sequence can result in changes in the binding specificity and in the binding constant between a preselected target molecule and the binding site.
  • Cell surface receptor refers to molecules and complexes of molecules capable of receiving a signal and the transmission of such a signal across the plasma membrane of a cell.
  • An example of a cell surface receptor of the present invention is an activated integrin receptor, for example, an activated ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integrin receptor on a metastatic cell.
  • target binding site or “target site” is any known, or yet to be described, amino acid sequence having the ability to selectively bind a preselected agent.
  • exemplary reference target sites are derived from the RGD-dependent integrin ligands, namely fibronectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin, von Willebrand factor and the like, from cellular receptors such as VEGF, ErbB2, vascular homing peptide or angiogenic cytokines, from protein hormones receptors such as insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor and the like, and from tumor antigens.
  • protein is defined as a biological polymer comprising units derived from amino acids linked via peptide bonds; a protein can be composed of two or more chains.
  • a “fusion polypeptide” is a polypeptide comprised of at least two polypeptides and optionally a linking sequence to operatively link the two polypeptides into one continuous polypeptide.
  • the two polypeptides linked in a fusion polypeptide are typically derived from two independent sources, and therefore a fusion polypeptide comprises two linked polypeptides not normally found linked in nature.
  • linker refers to a peptide located between the antibody and the MRD.
  • Linkers can have from about 2 to 20 amino acids, usually 4 to 15 amino acids.
  • Target cell refers to any cell in a subject (e.g., a human or animal) that can be targeted by the antibody comprising an MRD of the invention.
  • the target cell can be a cell expressing or overexpressing the target binding site, such as activated integrin receptor.
  • “Patient,” “subject,” “animal” or “mammal” are used interchangeably and refer to mammals such as human patients and non-human primates, as well as experimental animals such as rabbits, rats, and mice, and other animals. Animals include all vertebrates, e.g., mammals and non-mammals, such as sheep, dogs, cows, chickens, amphibians, and reptiles.
  • Treating” or “treatment” includes the administration of the antibody comprising an MRD of the present invention to prevent or delay the onset of the symptoms, complications, or biochemical indicia of a disease, alleviating the symptoms or arresting or inhibiting further development of the disease, condition, or disorder.
  • Treatment can be prophylactic (to prevent or delay the onset of the disease, or to prevent the manifestation of clinical or subclinical symptoms thereof) or therapeutic suppression or alleviation of symptoms after the manifestation of the disease.
  • Treatment can be with the antibody-MRD composition alone, or it can be used in combination with an additional therapeutic agent.
  • compositions, carriers, diluents and reagents are used interchangeably and represent that the materials are capable of administration to or upon a human without the production of undesirable physiological effects such as nausea, dizziness, gastric upset and the like.
  • Modulate means adjustment or regulation of amplitude, frequency, degree, or activity.
  • modulation may be positively modulated (e.g., an increase in frequency, degree, or activity) or negatively modulated (e.g., a decrease in frequency, degree, or activity).
  • Cancer “tumor,” or “malignancy” are used as synonymous terms and refer to any of a number of diseases that are characterized by uncontrolled, abnormal proliferation of cells, the ability of affected cells to spread locally or through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body (metastasize) as well as any of a number of characteristic structural and/or molecular features.
  • a “cancerous,” “tumor,” or “malignant cell” is understood as a cell having specific structural properties, lacking differentiation and being capable of invasion and metastasis. Examples of cancers are, breast, lung, brain, bone, liver, kidney, colon, head and neck, ovarian, hematopoietic (e.g., leukemia), and prostate cancer.
  • Humanized antibody or “chimeric antibody” includes antibodies in which CDR sequences derived from the germline of another mammalian species, such as a mouse, have been grafted onto human framework sequences.
  • the present invention describes an approach based on the adaptation of target binding peptides or modular recognition domains (MRDs) as fusions to catalytic or non-catalytic antibodies that provide for effective targeting of tumor cells or soluble molecules while leaving the prodrug activation capability of the catalytic antibody intact.
  • MRDs can also extend the binding capacity of non-catalytic antibodies providing for an effective approach to extend the binding functionality of antibodies, particularly for therapeutic purposes.
  • MRD modular recognition domain
  • integrins such as ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 5 as tumor-associated markers has been well documented.
  • a recent study of 25 permanent human cell lines established from advanced ovarian cancer demonstrated that all lines were positive for ⁇ v ⁇ 5 expression and many were positive for ⁇ v ⁇ 3 expression.
  • integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 5 antagonists are in clinical development. These include cyclic RGD peptides and synthetic small molecule ROD mimetics.
  • Two antibody-based integrin antagonists are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. The first is Vitaxin, the humanized form of the murine anti-human ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antibody LM609. A dose-escalating phase I study in cancer patients demonstrated that it was safe for use in humans. Another antibody in clinical trials is CNT095, a fully human mAb that recognizes ⁇ v integrins.
  • CNT095 a fully human mAb that recognizes ⁇ v integrins.
  • a Phase I study of CNT095 in patients with a variety of solid tumors has shown that it is well tolerated.
  • Cilengitide a peptide antagonist of ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 5
  • An example of an integrin-binding MRD is an RGD tripeptide-containing binding site, and is exemplary of the general methods described herein.
  • Ligands having the RGD motif as a minimum recognition domain are well known, a partial list of which includes, with the corresponding integrin target in parenthesis, fibronectin ( ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1, ⁇ v ⁇ 1, ⁇ IIb ⁇ 3, ⁇ v ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1) fibrinogen ( ⁇ M ⁇ 2 and ⁇ IIb ⁇ 1) von Willebrand factor ( ⁇ IIb ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 3), and vitronectin ( ⁇ IIb ⁇ 3, ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 5).
  • RGD containing targeting MRDs useful in the present invention have amino acid residue sequences shown below:
  • YCRGDCT (SEQ ID. NO.: 3) PCRGDCL (SEQ ID. NO.: 4) TCRGDCY (SEQ ID. NO.: 5) LCRGDCF (SEQ ID. NO.: 6)
  • a MRD that mimics a non-RGD-dependent binding site on an integrin receptor and having the target binding specificity of a high affinity ligand that recognizes the selected integrin is also contemplated in the present invention.
  • Angiogenesis is essential to many physiological and pathological processes.
  • Ang2 has been shown to act as a proangiogenic molecule.
  • Administration of Ang2-selective inhibitors is sufficient to suppress both tumor angiogenesis and corneal angiogenesis. Therefore, Ang2 inhibition alone or in combination with inhibition of other angiogenic factors such as VEGF may represent an effective antiangiogenic strategy for treating patients with solid tumors.
  • MRDs useful in the present invention include those that bind to angiogenic receptors, angiogenic factors, and/or Ang-2. Examples of angiogenic cytokine targeting MRD sequences are listed below:
  • such peptides can be present in dimmers, trimers or other multimers either homologous or heterologous in nature.
  • ConFA ConFA combined with ConFS to create ConFA-FS with the sequence:
  • the invention includes a peptide having the sequence:
  • NFYQCIX 1 X 2 LX 3 X 4 X 5 PAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO:58), wherein X 1 is E or D; X 2 is any amino acid; X 3 is any amino acid; X 4 is any amino acid and X 5 is any amino acid.
  • the invention also includes peptides having a core sequence selected from:
  • XnEFAPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 22); XnELAPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 25); XnEFSPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 28); XnELEPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 31); or Xn AQQEECEX 1 X 2 PWTCEHMXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues and X, X 1 and X 2 are any amino acid (SEQ ID NO:57).
  • VEGF Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
  • Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-specific MRDs can be used in the present invention.
  • MRD sequence that targets the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor is SFYSCLESLVNGPAEKSRGQWDGCRKK (SEQ ID NO.: 14).
  • Additional IGF-1R MRDs include the following:
  • NFYQCIEMLASHPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO: 35) NFYQCIEQLALRPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO: 36) NFYQCIDLLMAYPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO: 37) NFYQCIERLVTGPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO: 38) NFYQCIEYLAMKPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO: 39) NFYQCIEALQSRPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO: 40) NFYQCIEALSRSPAEKSRGQWQECRTGG (SEQ ID NO: 41) NFYQCIEHLSGSPAEKSRGQWQECRTG (SEQ ID NO: 42) NFYQCIESLAGGPAEKSRGQWQECRTG (SEQ ID NO: 43) NFYQCIEALVGVPAEKSRGQWQECRTG (SEQ ID NO: 44
  • vascular homing MRDs are contemplated for use in the present invention.
  • An MRD sequence that is a vascular homing peptide is ACDCRGDCFCG (SEQ ID NO.: 15).
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • CD20 tumor antigens
  • ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 insulin-like growth factor-I receptor
  • NGR nerve growth factor
  • Ep-CAM tumor-associated surface antigen epithelial cell adhesion molecule
  • MRD sequences that bind to EGFR are listed below:
  • the sequence of the MRD can be determined several ways. MRD sequences can be derived from natural ligands or known sequences that bind to a specific target binding site can be used. Additionally, phage display technology has emerged as a powerful method in identifying peptides which bind to target receptors. In peptide phage display libraries, random peptide sequences can be displayed by fusion with coat proteins of filamentous phage. The methods for elucidating binding sites on polypeptides using phage display vectors has been previously described, in particular in WO 94/18221. The methods generally involve the use of a filamentous phage (phagemid) surface expression vector system for cloning and expressing polypeptides that bind to the pre-selected target site of interest.
  • phagemid filamentous phage
  • the methods of the present invention for preparing MRDs involve the use of phage display vectors for their particular advantage of providing a means to screen a very large population of expressed display proteins and thereby locate one or more specific clones that code for a desired target binding reactivity.
  • the peptides may be prepared by any of the methods disclosed in the art.
  • variants and derivatives of the MRDs are included within the scope of the present invention. Included within variants are insertional, deletional, and substitutional variants as well as variants that include MRDs presented here with additional amino acids at the N- and/or C-terminus, including from about 0 to 50, 0 to 40, 0 to 30, 0 to 20 amino acids and the like. It is understood that a particular MRD of the present invention may contain one, two, or all three types of variants. Insertional and substitutional variants may contain natural amino acids, unconventional amino acids, or both.
  • Antibody 38C2 is an antibody-secreting hybridoma, and has been previously described in WO 97/21803. 38C2 contains an antibody combining site that catalyzes the aldol addition reaction between an aliphatic donor and an aldehyde acceptor. In a syngeneic mouse model of neuroblastoma, systemic administration of an etoposide prodrug and intra-tumor injection of Ab 38C2 inhibited tumor growth.
  • Human A33 antigen is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the Ig superfamily.
  • the function of the human A33 antigen in normal and malignant colon tissue is not yet known, however, several properties of the A33 antigen suggest that it is a promising target for immunotherapy of colon cancer.
  • These properties include (i) the highly restricted expression pattern of the A33 antigen, (ii) the expression of large amounts of the A33 antigen on colon cancer cells, (iii) the absence of secreted or shed A33 antigen, and (iv) the fact that upon binding of antibody A33 to the A33 antigen, antibody A33 is internalized and sequestered in vesicles, and (v) the targeting of antibody A33 to A33 antigen expressing colon cancer in preliminary clinical studies. Fusion of a MRD directed toward A33 to a catalytic or non-catalytic antibody would increase the therapeutic efficacy of A33 targeting antibodies.
  • the present invention also contemplates the preparation of mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-specific antibodies. It is contemplated that the antibodies used in the present invention may be prepared by any method known in the art.
  • the MRD may be attached to an antibody through the peptide's N-terminus or C-terminus.
  • the MRD may be attached to the antibody at the C-terminal end of the heavy chain of the antibody, the N-terminal end of the heavy chain of the antibody, the C-terminal end of the light chain of the antibody, or the N-terminal end of the light chain of the antibody.
  • the MRD may be attached to the antibody directly, or attached through an optional linker peptide, which can be between 2 to 20 peptides long.
  • the linker peptide can contain a short linker peptide with the sequence GGGS (SEQ ID.
  • the present invention also provides for two or more MRDs which are linked to any terminal end of the antibody. It is also contemplated that two or more MRDs can be directly attached or attached through a linker peptide to two or more terminal ends of the antibody. The multiple MRDs can target the same target binding site, or two or more different target binding sites. Additional peptide sequences may be added to enhance the in vivo stability of the MRD.
  • the antibody-MRD fusion molecules can be encoded by a polynucleotice comprising a nucleotide sequence.
  • a vector can contain the polynucleotide sequence.
  • the polynucleotide sequence can also be linked with a regulatory sequence that controls expression of the polynucleotide in a host cell.
  • a host cell, or its progeny, can contain the polynucleotide encoding the antibody-MRD fusion molecule.
  • compositions of the present invention contemplates therapeutic compositions useful for practicing the therapeutic methods described herein.
  • Therapeutic compositions of the present invention contain a physiologically tolerable carrier together with at least one species of antibody comprising an MRD as described herein, dissolved or dispersed therein as an active ingredient.
  • the therapeutic composition is not immunogenic when administered to a human patient for therapeutic purposes.
  • compositions that contains active ingredients dissolved or dispersed therein are well understood in the art.
  • compositions are prepared as sterile injectables either as liquid solutions or suspensions, aqueous or non-aqueous, however, solid forms suitable for solution, or suspensions, in liquid prior to use can also be prepared.
  • the preparation can also be emulsified.
  • an antibody—MRD containing composition can take the form of solutions, suspensions, tablets, capsules, sustained release formulations or powders, or other compositional forms.
  • the active ingredient can be mixed with excipients which are pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active ingredient and in amounts suitable for use in the therapeutic methods described herein.
  • Suitable excipients are, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol or the like and combinations thereof.
  • the composition can contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like which enhance the effectiveness of the active ingredient.
  • the therapeutic composition of the present invention can include pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the components therein.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the acid addition salts (formed with the free amino groups of the polypeptide) that are formed with inorganic acids such as, for example, hydrochloric or phosphoric acids, or such organic acids as acetic, tartaric, mandelic and the like. Salts formed with the free carboxyl groups can also be derived from inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium or ferric hydroxides, and such organic bases as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine and the like.
  • Physiologically tolerable carriers are well known in the art.
  • Exemplary of liquid carriers are sterile aqueous solutions that contain no materials in addition to the active ingredients and water, or contain a buffer such as sodium phosphate at physiological pH value, physiological saline or both, such as phosphate-buffered saline.
  • aqueous carriers can contain more than one buffer salt, as well as salts such as sodium and potassium chlorides, dextrose, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and other solutes.
  • Liquid compositions can also contain liquid phases in addition to and to the exclusion of water.
  • Exemplary of such additional liquid phases are glycerin, vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, organic esters such as ethyl oleate, and water-oil emulsions.
  • a therapeutic composition contains an antibody comprising a MRD of the present invention, typically in an amount of at least 0.1 weight percent of antibody per weight of total therapeutic composition.
  • a weight percent is a ratio by weight of antibody to total composition.
  • 0.1 weight percent is 0.1 grams of antibody-MRD per 100 grams of total composition.
  • An antibody-containing therapeutic composition typically contains about 10 microgram (ug) per milliliter (ml) to about 100 milligrams (mg) per ml of antibody as active ingredient per volume of composition, and more preferably contains about 1 mg/ml to about 10 mg/ml (i.e., about 0.1 to 1 weight percent).
  • a therapeutic composition in another embodiment contains a polypeptide of the present invention, typically in an amount of at least 0.1 weight percent of polypeptide per weight of total therapeutic composition.
  • a weight percent is a ratio by weight of polypeptide to total composition.
  • 0.1 weight percent is 0.1 grams of polypeptide per 100 grams of total composition.
  • an polypeptide-containing therapeutic composition typically contains about 10 microgram (ug) per milliliter (ml) to about 100 milligrams (mg) per ml of polypeptide as active ingredient per volume of composition, and more preferably contains about 1 mg/ml to about 10 mg/ml (i.e., about 0.1 to 1 weight percent).
  • the presently described antibody-MRD molecules are particularly well suited for in vivo use as a therapeutic reagent.
  • the method comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a physiologically tolerable composition containing an antibody comprising a MRD of the invention.
  • the dosage ranges for the administration of the antibody comprising a MRD of the invention are those large enough to produce the desired effect in which the disease symptoms mediated by the target molecule are ameliorated.
  • the dosage should not be so large as to cause adverse side effects, such as hyperviscosity syndromes, pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, and the like.
  • the dosage will vary with the age, condition, sex and extent of the disease in the patient and can be determined by one of skill in the art.
  • the dosage can be adjusted by the individual physician in the event of any complication.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody comprising a MRD of this invention is typically an amount of antibody such that when administered in a physiologically tolerable composition is sufficient to achieve a plasma concentration of from about 0.1 microgram (ug) per milliliter (ml) to about 100 ug/ml, preferably from about 1 ug/ml to about 5 ug/ml, and usually about 5 ug/ml.
  • the dosage can vary from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 300 mg/kg, preferably from about 0.2 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg, most preferably from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg, in one or more dose administrations daily, for one or several days.
  • the antibody comprising a MRD of the invention can be administered parenterally by injection or by gradual infusion over time.
  • the target molecule can typically be accessed in the body by systemic administration and therefore most often treated by intravenous administration of therapeutic compositions, other tissues and delivery means are contemplated where there is a likelihood that the tissue targeted contains the target molecule.
  • antibodies comprising a MRD of the invention can be administered intravenously, intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intracavity, transdermally, and can be delivered by peristaltic means.
  • the therapeutic compositions containing a human monoclonal antibody or a polypeptide of this invention are conventionally administered intravenously, as by injection of a unit dose, for example.
  • unit dose when used in reference to a therapeutic composition of the present invention refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosage for the subject, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required diluent; i.e., carrier, or vehicle.
  • compositions are administered in a manner compatible with the dosage formulation, and in a therapeutically effective amount.
  • quantity to be administered depends on the subject to be treated, capacity of the subject's system to utilize the active ingredient, and degree of therapeutic effect desired. Precise amounts of active ingredient required to be administered depend on the judgment of the practitioner and are peculiar to each individual.
  • suitable dosage ranges for systemic application are disclosed herein and depend on the route of administration. Suitable regimes for administration are also variable, but are typified by an initial administration followed by repeated doses at one or more hour intervals by a subsequent injection or other administration. Alternatively, continuous intravenous infusion sufficient to maintain concentrations in the blood in the ranges specified for in vivo therapies are contemplated.
  • Novel antibody-MRD fusion molecules were prepared by fusion of an integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3-targeting peptides to catalytic antibody 38C2. Fusions at the N-termini and C-termini of the light chain and the C-termini of the heavy chain were most effective. Using flow cytometry, the antibody conjugates were shown to bind efficiently to integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3-expressing human breast cancer cells. The antibody conjugates also retained the retro-aldol activity of their parental catalytic antibody 38C2, as measured by methodol and doxorubicin prodrug activation. This demonstrates that cell targeting and catalytic antibody capability can be efficiently combined for selective chemotherapy.
  • Angiogenic cytokine targeting antibody MRD fusion molecules were constructed.
  • the antibody used was 38C2, which was fused with a MRD containing the 2xCon4 peptide (AQQEECEWDPWTCEHMGSGSATGGSGSTASSGSGSATHQEECEWDPWTCEHMLE (SEQ ID. NO.: 10)).
  • the MRD peptide was fused to either the N- or C-terminus of the light chain and the C-terminus of the heavy chain. Similar results were found with the other Ang-2 MRD peptides.
  • Additional Ang-2 MRD peptides include:
  • LM-2x-32 (SEQ ID NO: 20) MGAQTNFMPMDNDELLLYEQFILQQGLEGGSGSTASSGSGSSLGAQTNFM PMDNDELLLY (SEQ ID. NO.: 10) AQQEECEWDPWTCEHMGSGSATGGSGSTASSGSGSATHQEECEWDPWTCE HMLE (2xCon4) (SEQ ID NO: 21) AQQEECE FA PWTCEHM ConFA (SEQ ID NO: 22) core XnEFAPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 23) AQQEECE FA PWTCEHMGSGSATGGSGSTASSGSGSATHQEECE FA PWTCE HMLE 2xConFA (SEQ ID NO: 24) AQQEECE LA PWTCEHM ConLA (SEQ ID NO: 25) XnELAPWTXn where n is from about 0 to 50 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 26) AQQEE
  • such peptides can be present in dimmers, trimers or other multimers either homologous or heterologous in nature.
  • ConFA ConFA combined with ConFS to create ConFA-FS with the sequence:
  • JC7U A human non-catalytic monoclonal Ab, JC7U was fused to an anti-Ang2 MRD containing 2xCon4 (AQQEECEWDPWTCEHMGSGSATGGSGSTASSGSGSATHQEECEWDPWTCEHMLE (SEQ ID. NO.: 10)) at either the N- or C-terminus of the light chain.
  • 2xCon4 AQQEECEWDPWTCEHMGSGSATGGSGSTASSGSGSATHQEECEWDPWTCEHMLE (SEQ ID. NO.: 10)
  • 2xCon4 was studied as an N-terminal fusion to the Kappa chain of the antibody (2xCon4-JC7U) and as a C-terminal fusion (JC7U-2xCon4).
  • both fusions maintained integrin and Ang2 binding.
  • both antibody constructs (2xCon4-JC7U and JC7U-2xCon4) specifically bound to recombinant Ang2 as demonstrated by ELISA studies. Binding to Ang2, however, is significantly higher with JC7U-2xCon4, which has the 2xCon4 (SEQ ID. NO.: 10) fusion at the C-terminus of the light chain of the antibody.
  • the right panel of FIG. 3 depicts the binding of Ang2-JC7U and JC7U-Ang2 to integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3.
  • the results show that fusion of 2xCon4 (SEQ ID. NO.: 10) to either the N- or the C-light chain terminus does not affect mAb JC7U binding to integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3.
  • FIG. 4 depicts another ELISA study using the same antibody-MRD fusion constructs.
  • Herceptin-MRD fusion constructs Another example of MRD fusions to a non-catalytic antibody are Herceptin-MRD fusion constructs.
  • the Herceptin-MRD fusions are multifunctional, both small-molecule ⁇ v integrin antagonists and the chemically programmed integrin-targeting antibody show remarkable efficacy in preventing the breast cancer metastasis by interfering with ⁇ v-mediated cell adhesion and proliferation.
  • MRD fusions containing Herceptin-2xCon4 (which targets ErbB2 and ang2) and Herceptin-V114 (which targets ErbB2 and VEGF targeting) and Herceptin-RGD-4C-2xCon4 (which targets ErbB2, ang2, and integrin targeting) are effective.
  • An antibody containing an MRD that targets VEGF was constructed.
  • a MRD which targets v114 (SEQ ID. NO. 13) was fused at the N-terminus of the kappa chain of 38C2 and Herceptin using the long linker sequence (SEQ ID. NO. 2).
  • Expression and testing of the resulting antibody-MRD fusion constructs demonstrated strong VEGF binding.
  • An antibody was constructed which contains an MRD that targets Ang-2 (L17) fused to the light chain of an antibody which binds to ErbB2. Either the short linker sequence, the long linker sequence, or the 4th loop in the light chain constant region was used as a linker.
  • FIG. 1 An antibody was constructed which contains an MRD that targets Ang-2 (L17) fused to the light chain of an antibody which binds to ErbB2. Either the short linker sequence, the long linker sequence, or the 4th loop in the light chain constant region was used as a linker.
  • FIG. 5 depicts the results of an ELISA using constructs containing an N-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the short linker peptide (GGGS (SEQ ID NO.: 1)) (L17-sL-Her), a C-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the short linker peptide (Her-sL-L17), a C-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the 4th loop in the light chain constant region (Her-lo-L17), or an N-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the long linker peptide (SSGGGGSGGGGGGSSRSS (SEQ ID NO.: 19)) (L17-lL-Her).
  • ErbB2 was bound with varying degrees by all of the constructs. However, Ang-2 was bound only by Her-sL-L17 and L17-lL-Her.
  • FIG. 6 depicts the results of an ELISA using constructs containing N-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the Met antibody with the short linker peptide (GGGS (SEQ ID NO.: 1)) (L17-sL-Met), N-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the Met antibody with the long linker peptide (SSGGGGSGGGGGGSSRSS (SEQ ID NO.: 19)) (L17-lL-Met), and C-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the Met antibody with the long linker peptide (Met-iL-L17).
  • Expression and testing of the resulting antibody-MRD fusion constructs demonstrated strong Ang-2 binding when the long linker peptide was used. Fusion of the Ang-2 targeting MRD to the C-light chain terminus of the antibody resulted in slightly higher binding to Ang-2 then fusion of the Ang-2 targeting to the N-light chain terminus of the antibody.
  • An antibody was constructed which contains an MRD that targets integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 (RGD4C) fused to the light chain of an antibody Herceptin which binds to ErbB2 (Her). Either the short linker sequence, the long linker sequence, or the 4th loop in the light chain constant region was used as a linker.
  • RGD4C integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3
  • Herceptin Herceptin which binds to ErbB2
  • FIG. 7 depicts the results of an ELISA using constructs containing an N-terminal fusion of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the short linker peptide (GGGS (SEQ ID NO.: 1)) (RGD4C-sL-Her), a C-terminal fusion of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the short linker peptide (Her-sL-RGD4C), a C-terminal fusion of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the 4th loop in the light chain constant region (Her-lo-RGD4C), or an N-terminal fusion of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the long linker peptide (SSGGGGSGGGGGGSSRSS (SEQ ID NO.: 19)) (RGD4C-lL-Her). ErbB2 was bound with varying degrees by all of the constructs. However,
  • FIG. 8 depicts the results of an ELISA using constructs containing an N-terminal fusion of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 targeting MRD with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor antibody (RGD4C-lL-Met), or a C-terminal fusion of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 targeting MRD with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor antibody (Met-lL-RGD4C).
  • RGD4C-lL-Met demonstrated strong integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 binding.
  • Antibodies were constructed which contains an MRD that targets insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (RP) fused to the light chain of an antibody which binds to ErbB2 (Her). Either the short linker peptide, the long linker peptide, or the 4th loop in the light chain constant region was used as a linker. (Carter et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992 May 15; 89(10):4285-9.
  • FIG. 9 depicts the results of an ELISA using constructs containing an N-terminal fusion of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the short (RP-sL-Her), a C-terminal fusion of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody and the short linker peptide (Her-sL-RP), a C-terminal fusion of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the 4th loop in the light chain constant region (Her-lo-RP), an N-terminal fusion of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody with the long linker peptide (RP-lL-Her), or a C-terminal fusion of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor targeting MRD
  • FIG. 10 depicts the results of an ELISA using a construct containing an N-terminal fusion of VEGF targeting MRD with the ErbB2-binding antibody with the medium linker peptide (V114-mL-Her). Expression and testing of the resulting antibody-MRD fusion construct demonstrated strong VEGF and ErbB2 binding.
  • FIG. 11 demonstrates that expression and testing of the resulting antibody-MRD fusion construct had strong integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 binding.
  • FIG. 12 demonstrates that expression and testing of the resulting antibody-MRD fusion construct had strong Ang-2 binding.
  • FIG. 13 demonstrates that the resulting antibody-MRD fusion construct bound to integrin, Ang-2, and ErbB2.
  • FIG. 14 depicts the results of an ELISA using the construct. Both integrin and ErbB2 were bound by the construct.
  • Antibody-MRD molecules were constructed which contain ErbB2 or hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding antibodies, and integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3, Ang-2 or insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-targeting MRD regions were linked with the short linker peptide to the light chain of the antibody.
  • Antibody-MRD molecules were constructed which contain ErbB2 or hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding antibodies, and integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3, Ang-2 or insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-targeting MRD regions linked with the long linker peptide to the light chain of the antibody.
  • FIG. 16 depicts the results of an ELISA using constructs containing an N-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD fused to the ErbB2 antibody (L17-lL-Her), an N-terminal fusion of integrin-targeting MRD with the ErbB2 antibody (RGD4C-lL-Her), an N-terminal fusion of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-targeting MRD with the ErbB2 binding antibody (RP-lL-Her), a C-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding antibody (L17-lL-Met), a C-terminal fusion of integrin targeting MRD with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding antibody (RGD4C-lL-Met), a C-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor binding antibody (Her-lL-RP), a C-terminal fusion of Ang-2 targeting MRD with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding antibody (
  • antibody-MRD fusions are effective to bind antigen and ErbB2.

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