US20070267299A1 - Method for Forming Anodic Oxide Layer on Surface of Aluminum or Aluminum Alloy - Google Patents

Method for Forming Anodic Oxide Layer on Surface of Aluminum or Aluminum Alloy Download PDF

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US20070267299A1
US20070267299A1 US10/542,533 US54253304A US2007267299A1 US 20070267299 A1 US20070267299 A1 US 20070267299A1 US 54253304 A US54253304 A US 54253304A US 2007267299 A1 US2007267299 A1 US 2007267299A1
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aluminum alloy
aluminum
oxide layer
layer
forming
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Yoshiyuki Mitani
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement of a method for forming an anodic oxide layer on a surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • a method for forming a corrosion-resistant oxide layer by anodizing aluminum or an alloy thereof in an electrolytic solution such as an aqueous solution of nitric acid, sulphuric acid or chromic acid for the purpose of mainly improving corrosion resistance thereof is known as an alumite treatment.
  • Articles subjected to the alumite treatment are widely utilized in various fields with a central focus on daily commodities such as a pan and a teakettle.
  • Patent Document 1 JP-B No. 01-019479;
  • Patent Document 2 JP-A No. 02-097698;
  • Patent Document 3 JP-B No. 05-014033.
  • the layer to be formed by a conventional method is restricted to have a comparably small thickness of about 30 to about 50 ⁇ m, a low hardness and the like and, accordingly, there is a given limitation upon applications thereof.
  • the present invention has been achieved in order to solve these problems and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating a surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy which can treat various types of aluminum alloys involving not only aluminum itself, but also duralumin and a die cast alloy, can apply a thick layer of 300 to 500 ⁇ m and has a number of advantages such that the layer to be obtained has a high surface hardness, an excellent heat resistance, an antibiotic action and the like and can produce various types of aluminum materials which can be utilized in a far wide field compared with a conventional one.
  • the above-described object according to the present invention can be attained by performing an anodic oxidation treatment by using a bath liquid, which involves an aqueous solution containing 250 gr/l to 350 gr/l of sulfuric acid and 15 gr/l to 25 gr/l of nickel sulfate under the following conditions:
  • the above-described treatment according to the present invention is referred to as “the present treatment (1)” and a product to be obtained thereby is referred to as “present product (1)”.
  • the object according to the present invention can be performed more favorably by using a bath liquid in which the bath liquid to be used in the present treatment (1) is further added with a low polymerization acrylic resin composition in the range of from 280 gr/l to 320 gr/l.
  • the above-described treatment according to the present invention is referred to as “the present treatment (2)” and a product to be obtained thereby is referred to as “present product (2)”.
  • anodic oxide layer is formed on the surface of aluminum or the aluminum alloy by any one of the above-described various types of treating methods
  • it is recommended to impregnate silver in the anodic oxide layer by performing a treatment using a bath liquid which involves an aqueous solution further containing 10 gr/l to 30 gr/l of silver sulfate or silver nitrate, 15 gr/l to 20 gr/l of boric acid and 1 gr/l to 2 gr/l of nickel sulfate under the following conditions:
  • (k) voltage AC 10 V to 15 V;
  • the above-described treatment according to the present invention is referred to as “the present treatment (3)” and a product to be obtained thereby is referred to as “present product (3)”.
  • the above-described object according to the present invention can be attained by a method for forming an anodic oxide layer on a surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy which is characterized in that an anodic oxide layer having a thickness of 300 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m is formed on a surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy by any one of the above-described various treating methods and, after the above-described silver impregnation is performed on the layer, a surface layer was removed by polishing by a thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and, then, an ultra-hard flat surface is obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a device for carrying out a method for forming an anodic oxide layer on a surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a layer portion of aluminum or an aluminum alloy subjected to the present treatment (2).
  • reference numeral 1 denotes an electrolyte bath
  • reference numeral 2 denotes an AC power supply
  • reference numeral 3 denotes an aluminum or aluminum alloy member to be treated by the method according to the present invention
  • reference numeral 4 denotes a non-consumable electrode such as carbon or graphite
  • reference numeral 5 denotes a bath liquid involving a predetermined electrolytic solution.
  • the present treatment (1) performs an anodic oxidation treatment by using a device as shown in FIG. 1 and an aqueous solution containing 250 gr/l to 350 gr/l of sulfuric acid, 15 gr/l to 25 gr/l of nickel sulfate as a bath liquid under the following conditions:
  • the present invention is entirely different from the conventional method in the point that the anodic oxidation treatment is performed under the treating conditions of a high sulfuric acid ion concentration, a low temperature and a high current density.
  • Nickel sulfate is added for the purpose of enhancing hardness of the layer to be formed.
  • a desired anodic oxide layer can be formed by using any one of above-described bath liquids and adopting the following conditions:
  • a desired anodic oxide layer can be formed by adopting the following conditions:
  • the present invention When the present invention to be constituted as described above is compared with a conventional method, the present invention has such advantages as described below.
  • duralumin, a die cast alloy and all types of other aluminum alloys can be treated.
  • a layer having a thickness of about 30 to about 50 ⁇ m and, even at a maximum, about 100 ⁇ m can be formed.
  • a layer having a thickness as large as 300 to 500 ⁇ m can easily be formed.
  • the layer to be formed according to the conventional method although a surface layer thereof is hard (Vicker's hardness: 400 or less), an inside thereof is porous and hardness thereof is low.
  • a surface layer thereof is hard and a Vicker's hardness is about 450 to about 500.
  • a lower layer is denser and harder than a surface.
  • hardness becomes 800 to 1000 in terms of Vicker's hardness.
  • heat conductivity thereof is high and is comparable with that of copper.
  • the tray can favorably be utilized as a tray for unfreezing a frozen food.
  • a time period from the time of starting heating to the time of explosion of the popcorn is reduced from conventional 6 minutes to 3 minutes.
  • heat resistance is as high as about 800° C.
  • the layer to be formed by the method according to the present invention has an antibiotic action.
  • an aluminum material or an aluminum alloy material on which an anodic oxide layer is formed by the method according to the present invention can favorably be utilized in a wide field, for example, as a tray for ice-making or unfreezing, a rice cooker, a pan, a kettle, a teakettle and other cooking devices for heating, an instantaneous hot-water heater, a heat exchanger, an air-conditioner, a freezer, a refrigerator, an oil heater, a radiator, a cooling fin, an air- or water-cooled engine (acceleration of heat release), a wing of an airplane (de-icing), a heat sink for a semiconductor, a semiconductor package, a heat pipe, a bearing, various types of sliding members, a brake shoe, a manufacturing apparatus for popcorn or ice-cream, a chassis for an electric apparatus, a casing for a motor, an electric transformer or the like.
  • the anodic oxidation treatment is performed by using a bath liquid in which the bath liquid used in the above-described present treatment (1) is further added with a low polymerization acrylic resin composition in the range of from 280 gr/l to 320 gr/l.
  • the low polymerization acrylic resin composition to be added for example, an article containing, based on percentages, 68% of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 10% of neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, 19.5% of polypropylene glycol methacrylate, 1% of 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, 1% of butyl peroxyoctoate, 500 ppm of hydroquinone monmethyl ether and 0.3% of dicyandiamide is favorably used.
  • tartaric acid for the purpose of prevention of “burning”, it is recommended to further add tartaric acid to the above-described bath liquid in the range of from 5 gr/l to 15 gr/l.
  • an oxide layer which is a composite of aluminum oxide and the acrylic resin composition is formed. Namely, a metallurgical porous oxide layer and the acrylic resin composition are acid-ionized and polymerized therebetween and, then, form a tough and dense composite layer, to thereby enhance corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance to a great extent. Further, since the layer is formed while drawing out a gas in a pin-hole portion, the layer has characteristics such that pin-holes are small in number and, further, since the oxide layer is slowly formed at a low temperature, it is excellent in density and, since the layer is hard to be peeled off, it can be subjected to machining and a surface roughness thereof remains unchanged.
  • the anodic oxide layer obtained by the present treatment (2) is now explained with reference to an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a layer portion of FIG. 2 .
  • reference numeral 21 denotes an aluminum material or aluminum alloy material as a base metal
  • reference numeral 22 denotes an anodic oxide layer
  • reference numeral 23 denotes a barrier layer
  • reference numeral 24 denotes a porous layer portion
  • reference numeral 25 denotes an acrylic resin composition layer portion.
  • the anodic oxide layer 22 involves a barrier layer 23 formed on the aluminum material or aluminum alloy material 22 , a porous layer portion 24 formed thereon and an acrylic resin composition layer portion 25 which is impregnated inside the porous layer and fixed therein.
  • a tough and dense composite layer is formed.
  • the composite layer as a portion thereof is closer to the barrier layer 23 , the portion comes to have a higher hardness and becomes denser and, as described below, by removing a region close to a surface by machining, the surface having a further higher hardness can be obtained.
  • the present treatment (3) is performed, after the anodic oxide layer is formed on a surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy by any one of the above-described various types of treating methods, it is characterized in that silver is impregnated in the anodic oxide layer by performing an anodic oxidation treatment using a bath liquid which involves an aqueous solution further containing 10 gr/l to 30 gr/l of silver sulfate or silver nitrate, 15 gr/l to 20 gr/l of boric acid and 1 gr/l to 2 gr/l of nickel sulfate under the following conditions:
  • Boric acid is added mainly for adjustment of electric conductivity of the electrolytic solution.
  • a silver ion is deeply impregnated inside the porous anodic oxide layer (electrolytically impregnated by alternating voltage) and, then, combines with aluminum oxide, to thereby form a tough dense composite layer.
  • the surface layer excellent in the heat conductance, the corrosion resistance, the abrasion resistance, the antibiotic action and the like can be formed.
  • the surface layer has the electric conductance and has a small coefficient of friction and a small color change in time.
  • the layer has effects such as far-infrared emission, removal of static electricity and the like.
  • Such present treatment (3) can be performed on all types of aluminum material and aluminum alloy material and can form a thick layer having various types of excellent characteristics as described above on the surface thereof.
  • an anodic oxide layer having a thickness of 300 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m is formed on a surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy by the above-described various types of treating methods and, then, further, the above-described silver impregnation is performed and, thereafter, a surface layer is removed by polishing in a depth of from 50 to 100 ⁇ m from the surface and, subsequently, an aluminum material or aluminum alloy material having a ultra-hard smooth surface can be provided.
  • a surface hardness is high and is about 450 to about 500 in terms of Vicker's hardness.
  • a lower layer is denser than the surface and is higher in hardness.
  • the heat conductivity of the present product is higher than that of aluminum as a base metal and is comparable with that of copper.
  • This property shows that the present product is excellent as a raw material for various types of heat transfer members, diathermal members, heat releasing members.
  • the hardness (Hv) that of aluminum is 80, that of stainless steel is 200, that of the present product is 450. Accordingly, the hardness of the present product is more than twice that of stainless steal.
  • the upper temperature limit that of polytetrafluoroethylene is 260° C.; that of aluminum is 660° C.; and that of the surface layer of the present product is 800° C.
  • the present product can provide a flame-retardant shutter, heat-resistant wall material and the like.
  • an abrasion amount of the present product was one tenth the abrasion amount of ordinary hard-type alumite.
  • the abrasion test was conducted by arranging a test piece to be in a rotating side and a resin-type oil-less bearing material in a fixing side. Testing conditions were as follows: vibration speed: 1 m/s; face pressure: 20 kgf/cm 2 ; and test duration: 3 hours. As a result, the abrasion amount of the hard-type alumite was 2.5 ⁇ m while that of the present product was 0.25 ⁇ m.
  • a wear coefficient was measured by arranging the test piece to be in a rotating side and a resin-type oil-less bearing material in a fixing side. A load at the time the wear coefficient showed an abrupt increase was evaluated as a critical load of the burning-down.
  • the critical load of the ordinary hard-type alumite was 160 kgf/cm 2
  • that of the present product was 320 kgf/cm 2 .
  • TUFRAM trademark: a product prepared by subjecting hard-type alumite to a sintering treatment and, then, impregnating the resultant alumite with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • Specimen 1 aluminum: a surface-treated article subjected to a silver-impregnating treatment according to the present invention (surface layer thickness: 25 ⁇ m)
  • samples were inoculated with Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella enteritidis by means of dropping respective bacterial liquids thereon and, after stored for 24 hours at 35° C., the number of viable bacteria in each of the samples was counted.
  • NA culture medium ordinary agar culture medium
  • NB culture medium ordinary bouillon culture medium added with 0.2% of meat extract
  • SA culture medium reference agar culture medium.
  • Bacteria used in the test were inoculated in an NA culture medium at 35° C. and incubated for 16 to 24 hours and, thereafter, again inoculated in an NA culture medium at 35° C. and incubated for 16 to 20 hours. After such incubation, the resultant fungus bodies of bacteria used in the test were dispersed in a 1/200 concentration NB culture medium and appropriately diluted in the 1/200 concentration NB culture medium such that the number of the fungus bodies come to be 10 5 to 10 6 , to thereby prepare a bacterial liquid. On this occasion, the NA culture medium and the 1/200 concentration NB culture medium which have been added with 3% of table salt were used for Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210100.
  • a testing face of the sample was lightly wiped with absorbent cotton containing 99.9% (v/v) ethanol and, then, sufficiently dried.
  • 0.5 ml of a bacterial liquid was dropped on a sample and, then, after attached with a polyethylene layer, stored for 24 hours at 35° C. and, thereafter, the number of viable bacteria was counted. Further, 0.5 ml of the bacterial liquid was dropped in a plastic petri dish and, then, after attached with a polyethylene layer, allowed to be a reference sample and, thereafter, subjected to testing in a same manner as in the above. A parallel measurement was conducted three times.
  • Viable bacteria were washed out of each sample by using 9.5 ml of a SCDLP culture medium (available from Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).
  • the resultant washed-out liquid was subjected to a measurement of the number of viable bacteria by a pour plate culture method (incubated for 48 hours at 35° C.) using an SA culture medium, to thereby determine the number thereof per sample.
  • the SCDLP culture medium and the SA culture medium which have been added with 3% of table salt were used for Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
  • Reference* 2 1.8 ⁇ 10 7 1.7 ⁇ 10 7 2.4 ⁇ 10 7 Staphylococcus At start-up Reference* 2 4.6 ⁇ 10 5 3.4 ⁇ 10 5 4.4 ⁇ 10 5 aureus time After stored Specimen 1) 3.5 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 for 24 hrs. at Specimen 2) 1.1 ⁇ 10 4 1.2 ⁇ 10 3 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 35° C. Reference* 2 3.0 ⁇ 10 6 6.2 ⁇ 10 6 4.6 ⁇ 10 5 Vibrio At start-up Reference* 2 2.8 ⁇ 10 5 3.5 ⁇ 10 5 3.4 ⁇ 10 5 parahaemolyticus time After stored Specimen 1) ⁇ 10 20 2.6 ⁇ 10 2 for 24 hrs.
  • duralumin, a die cast alloy and all types of other aluminum alloys can be treated.
  • a layer having a thickness of about 30 to about 50 ⁇ m and, even at a maximum, about 100 ⁇ m can be formed.
  • a layer having a thickness as large as 300 to 500 ⁇ m can easily be formed.
  • the layer to be formed according to the conventional method although a surface layer thereof is hard (Vicker's hardness: 400 or less), an inside thereof is porous and hardness thereof is low.
  • a surface layer thereof is hard and a Vicker's hardness is about 450 to about 500.
  • a lower layer is denser and harder than a surface.
  • hardness becomes 800 to 1000 in terms of Vicker's hardness.
  • heat conductivity thereof is high and is comparable with that of copper.
  • the tray can favorably be utilized as a tray for unfreezing a frozen food.
  • a time period from the time of starting heating to the time of explosion of the popcorn is reduced from conventional 6 minutes to 3 minutes.
  • heat resistance is as high as about 800° C.
  • the layer to be formed by the method according to the present invention has an antibiotic action.
  • an aluminum material or an aluminum alloy material on which an anodic oxide layer is formed by the method according to the present invention can favorably be utilized in a wide field, for example, as a tray for ice-making or unfreezing, a rice cooker, a pan, a kettle, a teakettle and other cooking devices for heating, an instantaneous hot-water heater, a heat exchanger, an air-conditioner, a freezer, a refrigerator, an oil heater, a radiator, a cooling fin, an air- or water-cooled engine (acceleration of heat release), a wing of an airplane (de-icing), a heat sink for a semiconductor, a semiconductor package, a heat pipe, a bearing, various types of sliding members, a brake shoe, a manufacturing apparatus for popcorn or ice-cream, a chassis for an electric apparatus, a casing for a motor, an electric transformer or the like.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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US10/542,533 2003-01-30 2004-01-27 Method for Forming Anodic Oxide Layer on Surface of Aluminum or Aluminum Alloy Abandoned US20070267299A1 (en)

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JP2003-22682 2003-01-30
JP2003022682 2003-01-30
PCT/JP2004/000684 WO2004067807A1 (ja) 2003-01-30 2004-01-27 アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金の表面に陽極酸化皮膜を形成する方法

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EP (1) EP1593758A4 (ja)
JP (1) JP4069135B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR20050103284A (ja)
CN (1) CN1745200A (ja)
AU (1) AU2004207220A1 (ja)
BR (1) BRPI0407080A (ja)
CA (1) CA2514271A1 (ja)
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WO (1) WO2004067807A1 (ja)

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US20110094715A1 (en) * 2009-09-18 2011-04-28 Mario Morini Method for anodizing metallic alloys, particularly for heat exchangers made of aluminum alloys and the like for condensing boilers
US20130228363A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-05 Canon Components, Inc. Flexible circuit board
US20160153104A1 (en) * 2013-08-30 2016-06-02 Fujifilm Corporation Method for manufacturing metal-filled microstructure
US9957406B2 (en) 2011-07-21 2018-05-01 Tohoku University Method for smoothing a perfluoro alkoxy alkane film surface
US10506085B2 (en) 2014-12-26 2019-12-10 Byd Company Limited Electronic product metal shell having antenna groove

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US20080274375A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-06 Duracouche International Limited Anodizing Aluminum and Alloys Thereof

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US20110094715A1 (en) * 2009-09-18 2011-04-28 Mario Morini Method for anodizing metallic alloys, particularly for heat exchangers made of aluminum alloys and the like for condensing boilers
US9957406B2 (en) 2011-07-21 2018-05-01 Tohoku University Method for smoothing a perfluoro alkoxy alkane film surface
US20130228363A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-05 Canon Components, Inc. Flexible circuit board
US9119302B2 (en) * 2012-03-02 2015-08-25 Canon Components, Inc. Flexible circuit board
US20160153104A1 (en) * 2013-08-30 2016-06-02 Fujifilm Corporation Method for manufacturing metal-filled microstructure
US10506085B2 (en) 2014-12-26 2019-12-10 Byd Company Limited Electronic product metal shell having antenna groove

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WO2004067807A1 (ja) 2004-08-12
CA2514271A1 (en) 2004-08-12
BRPI0407080A (pt) 2006-01-24
EP1593758A4 (en) 2006-11-29
JP4069135B2 (ja) 2008-04-02
KR20050103284A (ko) 2005-10-28
AU2004207220A1 (en) 2004-08-12
TW200417635A (en) 2004-09-16

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