US20060124287A1 - Heat exchanger and method of manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Heat exchanger and method of manufacture thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060124287A1
US20060124287A1 US10/533,383 US53338305A US2006124287A1 US 20060124287 A1 US20060124287 A1 US 20060124287A1 US 53338305 A US53338305 A US 53338305A US 2006124287 A1 US2006124287 A1 US 2006124287A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
laminate
heat
fins
heat exchange
layer
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US10/533,383
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English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Antonius Reinders
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Oxycom Beheer BV
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Oxycell Holding BV
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL1021794A external-priority patent/NL1021794C1/nl
Application filed by Oxycell Holding BV filed Critical Oxycell Holding BV
Assigned to OXYCELL HOLDING B.V. reassignment OXYCELL HOLDING B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: REINDERS, JOHANNES A.M.
Publication of US20060124287A1 publication Critical patent/US20060124287A1/en
Assigned to EMMAPLEIN DRACHTEN II reassignment EMMAPLEIN DRACHTEN II SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: OXYCELL HOLDING B.V.
Assigned to OXYCOM BEHEER B.V. reassignment OXYCOM BEHEER B.V. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OXYCELL HOLDING B.V.
Assigned to HEEMAK B.V. reassignment HEEMAK B.V. SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: OXYCOM BEHEER B.V.
Assigned to HEEMAK B.V. reassignment HEEMAK B.V. SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: OXYCOM BEHEER B.V.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/065—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0035—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by introduction of outside air to the room
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0025—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being formed by zig-zag bend plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F17/00—Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
    • F28F2245/02—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophilic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/20—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing development of microorganisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F28F2275/025—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials by using adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2280/00—Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts
    • F28F2280/04—Means for preventing wrong assembling of parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/54—Free-cooling systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchange element and a formable laminate for the manufacture of such a heat exchange element in particular for use in heat exchange between two fluid flows such as in an evaporative type heat exchanger.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a heat exchange element.
  • Heat exchangers for heat exchange between two fluid streams are generally known in which a dividing wall separates the two fluid streams.
  • the wall will be thin to maximise the thermal gradient and in such cases, the conductivity of the wall material is not critical if its total area is sufficiently large.
  • EP0777094 which uses a corrugated sheet to produce a heat exchange element.
  • a dew-point cooler is a particular form of evaporative heat exchanger, which attempts to bring down the temperature of a product air stream to as close to the dew point temperature as possible.
  • the dew point is the temperature at which the air reaches a relative humidity of 100%, at which point it is saturated and can absorb no further moisture.
  • the heat is removed from the product air stream by evaporation of a quantity of liquid into another working air stream.
  • Such a process is theoretically extremely efficient and requires no compressor, as is the case for conventional refrigeration cycles. Many attempts have been made to realise such cycles but practical considerations have caused great difficulties in approaching the dew point over most temperature ranges.
  • dew-point cooler will be used to refer to devices that cool a fluid to at or near its initial dew point by heat transfer to cause evaporation of a liquid into a working fluid operating at or near its saturation point.
  • dew-point coolers it has been found desirable to use fins attached to a dividing wall to achieve the necessary heat transfer under conditions where the temperature gradient across the wall is small.
  • a heat exchange element comprising a formable laminate of a metal layer and a heat-seal layer, the laminate being sealed under heat and pressure to itself or to another similar laminate to form a flow channel for a heat exchange medium.
  • the metal layer comprises aluminum, in particular soft annealed aluminium, which can be easily plastically deformed.
  • Other similar metals may also be used but soft annealed aluminium has been found particularly cheap and easy to work.
  • the metal layer may have a thickness of between 25 microns and 120 microns, more preferably around 70 microns.
  • the heat-seal layer is substantially coextensive with the metal layer and may be applied by coating onto either one or both sides of the metal layer.
  • the laminate may further comprise additional layers.
  • a layer of primer or the like may be required between the metal layer and the heat-seal layer to improve bonding or to provide protection against corrosion.
  • primer may also be pigmented or otherwise coloured to improve the aesthetic effect or to optimise heat transfer.
  • a water-retaining or water-transporting layer may be provided over some or all of the surfaces of the laminate. This layer may be adhered by means of the heat-seal layer or otherwise.
  • the laminate may be formed into a convoluted shape or corrugated to form a plurality of fins thereby providing an increased surface area.
  • an increased surface area is understood to mean an increased surface area for a given volume.
  • the laminate may be provided on one or both surfaces with a plurality of fins or other constructions in heat conducting relationship with the laminate to increase the surface area thereof.
  • a metal/heat-seal laminate as described above for these fins they may also be easily connected by a combination of heat and pressure.
  • the fins may further be provided with other surface area increasing elements or elements for breaking up the boundary layers of the fluids used. Such elements may take the form of louvres or openings in the fins.
  • a convenient shape for the flow channel is that of an elongate flat tube of generally rectangular cross-section.
  • a number of such flow channels may be located side by side in a suitable housing whereby a primary fluid can flow through the tube and a secondary fluid can flow over the outside thereof.
  • the tube may comprise a single laminate folded on itself and joined at the edges along a single elongate seam. Alternatively, it may be formed of two halves from fist and second laminate portions sealed to one another along respective edges.
  • the flat tube comprises fin sections on both the interior and exterior surfaces of the laminate.
  • the fin sections on the interior surfaces support against one another and help maintain the mechanical rigidity of the tube.
  • at least the fin sections on the exterior surfaces are provided with water retaining layers.
  • the interior of the tube may thus serve as a primary dry flow channel and the exterior of the tube may form part of the secondary wet flow channel.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger comprising providing a plastically deformable first metal laminate; providing a plastically deformable second laminate; plastically forming the first laminate into a generally corrugated shape having a series of troughs; connecting the first laminate to the second laminate at the series of troughs to form a heat-transmitting wall with heat-conducting fins; and sealing the second laminate to itself or to another similar laminate to form a flow channel.
  • either the first or the second laminate comprises a heat-sealable layer and the first and second laminates are connected together by heat-sealing at a first temperature.
  • Both the first and second laminates are preferably laminates as described above.
  • the second laminate may comprises a heat-sealable layer differing from the first laminate so that the second laminate can be sealed to itself or to another similar laminate by heat sealing at a second temperature lower than the first temperature.
  • the fins may first be connected to the second laminate prior to forming the second laminate into a flow channel.
  • the method may further comprise the step of dividing the first laminate into sections prior to connecting it to the second laminate. It has been found that individual fin sections separate from one another can prevent heat conduction along the heat exchanger and can also help to encourage turbulent flow by breaking up the boundary layer. This may also be achieved by forming louvres in the first laminate prior to connecting it to the second laminate.
  • the method further comprises forming a water retaining layer on a first surface of the first laminate, wherein the second surface of the fist laminate is connected to the second laminate.
  • the heat exchange element produced in this way may ideally be used in a dew point cooler, for humidifying dry air or in a heat recovery device.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger, comprising: two sets of medium through-Row channels placed mutually interlaced, which sets of channels form respectively a primary medium circuit and a secondary medium circuit, through which two medium flows can flow which are physically separated and in heat-exchanging contact; heat-conducting walls separating said channels; and a housing in which the walls bounding the channels are accommodated, to which housing connect at least one inlet and two outlets for the two sets of channels.
  • the method comprises: (a) providing a plastically deformable plate, for instance of a plastic or a metal such as copper or aluminium; (b) providing at least one metal strip moulded into a general wave shape, for instance of copper or aluminium, which can serve as a row of fins; (c) plastically deforming the plate such that it acquires an edge zone with which it can be connected to a similar plate; (d) prior to or after step (c), connecting the strip to the plastically deformable plate by means of the outermost surfaces of the wave shape directed toward the strip such that a heat-conducting wall with heat-conducting fins is created; (e) repeating steps (a), (b), (c) and (d) a number of times to obtain a number of heat-conducting walls with fins; (f) connecting these walls at least in twos to each other using the edge zones according to step (c) such that a chosen number of such walls is placed in mutually parallel relation; and (g) accommodating these walls in the housing.
  • the plastic deformation can be carried out in any appropriate manner, wherein the choice is determined partly by the nature and type of the applied material.
  • Use can for instance be made of pressing, thermo-forming, vacuum-forming, injection moulding.
  • the method can advantageously be embodied such that the plastic deformation according to step (c) takes place in cold state,
  • the method can for instance be embodied such that the plate and/or the fins are provided prior to step (d) with an adhesive layer and that step (d) is performed by pressing the plate and the is against each other at least at the position of the contact surfaces, optionally while heating.
  • a simple press tool can for instance be used for this purpose which provides the necessary adhesion through pressure and optional heating for a certain time. It must be ensured that the heat resistance represented by the adhesive layer lies below a predetermined value. This means that the adhesive layer, given its heat-conducting properties, may have only a limited thickness after forming of the connection.
  • the adhesive layer substantially covers the plate and/or the fins completely and protects them against corrosion.
  • the adhesive layer hereby fulfils an adhesive and an anti-corrosive function.
  • the method can for instance be embodied such that the adhesive layer is applied as foil.
  • the method can be embodied such that the adhesive layer is formed together with the plate by co-extrusion into a laminated co-extrudate.
  • the plate and/or the fins consist of a material to which the adhesive layer adheres with difficulty, for instance aluminium, and that the part of the adhesive layer directed to the aluminium is adhered thereto via a layer of primer.
  • the primer layer provides an excellent adhesion of the adhesive layer to the aluminum. Without the primer this adhesion would leave something to be desired, which cannot be pet in respect of the reliability of the heat exchanger.
  • the latter specified method can advantageously be embodied such that the primer has a chosen colour, pattern and/or texture, and that the adhesive layer is transparent.
  • the primer can for instance be gold-coloured.
  • a heat exchanger plate hereby acquires an extremely attractive appearance. Colour, pattern and/or texture can also serve as coding for heat exchanger components, with an eye to ready identification of the category within the selection of technical specifications.
  • the method has the special feature that the primer and/or the coating contain silver, such that the adhesive layer has an anti-microbial action.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of not requiring any specific provisions in respect of for instance bacterial contamination.
  • the method has the special feature that finished plates with fins are adhered to each other in alternate pairs using edge zones, and that a number of thus formed pairs are stacked onto each other prior to step (g).
  • the finished plates or walls can for inane be identical.
  • the latter embodiment of the method can particularly take place such that adhesion takes place by providing the plates in advance with the adhesive layer and pressing the edge zones against each other, optionally while heating.
  • This method can also be performed in exceptionally simple, inexpensive and rapid manner.
  • This latter described method can further be embodied such that the plates are adhered to each other via a sheet which is placed beforehand therebetween and which is provided on both sides with an adhesive layer, and that the respective edge zones directed toward each other and preferably also the respective outer surfaces of the fins directed toward each other are thus adhered to each other by being pressed together, optionally while applying heat, for instance by feeding through hot air.
  • At least the fins in the secondary medium through-flow circuit are provided with a hydrophilic and porous or fibrous coating, consisting for instance of a microporous Portland cement, which layer is kept wet by watering means forming part of the heat exchanger such that, through evaporation therefrom by the secondary medium, respectively the layer, the secondary fins, the wall, the primary fins and finally the primary medium are cooled, which layer has a small thickness such that in wet state it has a sufficiently low heat resistance such that the heat exchanger can operate as dew point cooler.
  • a hydrophilic and porous or fibrous coating consisting for instance of a microporous Portland cement
  • the heat exchanger can have the special feature that the sheet is embodied as a laminate, comprising a metal inner layer which is coated on both sides with plastic outer layers.
  • the inner layer can for convinced consist of aluminium with a thickness in the order of magnitude of 25 ⁇ m.
  • the plastic outer layers which can consist of any suitable plastic, can for instance also have a thickness in the order of magnitude of 25 ⁇ m or less. With such a small thickness the heat resistance represented by the plastic outer layers is negligible.
  • the heat exchanger can have the special feature that two sheets are each folded into the form of a rectangular wave shape, wherein the two wave shapes have equal pitch, and are positioned mutually interlaced with a relative longitudinal orientation of 90°.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a perspective view of a plastic sheet moulded by thermo-forming, on both sides of which heat-conducting fins are arranged;
  • FIG. 1 b shows the phase in which the sheet is folded along the two fold lines such that the walls are moved toward each other;
  • FIG. 1 c shows the end position in which the two walls are positioned fixedly in mutually parallel relation
  • FIGS. 2 a , 2 b and 2 c show views corresponding to respectively FIGS. 1 a , 1 b and 1 c of an embodiment with the same width but of greater length;
  • FIG. 3 a shows a perspective view of a sheet having in the zone of the walls rectangular perforations for passage of fins
  • FIG. 3 b shows a perspective view of a heat-conducting wall, on both sides of which fins are arranged which fit into the perforations of the sheet according to FIG. 3 a;
  • FIG. 4 shows a partly broken-away perspective view of a heat exchanger, wherein the housing is omitted for the sake of clarity;
  • FIGS. 5 a and 5 b show perspective views from different sides of a dew point cooler
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a part of a dew point cooler
  • FIG. 7 shows a view corresponding with FIG. 4 of a variant
  • FIG. 8 is a cut-away perspective view of an alternative of the embodiment of FIGS. 3 a and 3 b;
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic perspective view of a heat exchanger constructed from two sheets folded in mutually interlaced manner
  • FIG. 10 a shows a very schematic view of a compression mould for modelling a plate into a heat-exchanging wall
  • FIG. 10 b shows a very schematic view of the arranging of strips of fins on either side of the wall
  • FIG. 10 c shows the heat-exchanging wall having heat-conducting fins arranged thereon
  • FIG. 10 d shows the stacking of four such walls with fins in order to form the interior of a heat exchanger according to the invention
  • FIG. 11 shows an alternative, wherein the heat-exchanging walls and also fins are adhered to each other by means of an adhesive foil
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a practical embodiment of a strip of fins.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a moulded wall.
  • FIG. 1 shows a moulded sheet 1 consisting of a thin foil-like material of for instance polystyrene, PVC or PET. It is possible using such materials to apply a relatively small wall thickness, for instance in the order of 0.1 mm. Inexpensive production with a short throughput time is possible with for instance thermo-forming.
  • a thin foil-like material for instance polystyrene, PVC or PET. It is possible using such materials to apply a relatively small wall thickness, for instance in the order of 0.1 mm. Inexpensive production with a short throughput time is possible with for instance thermo-forming.
  • Sheet 1 is provided on both sides with schematically indicated packets of fins which, in FIG. 1 , are designated 2 for the primary medium through-flow circuit and 3 for the secondary medium through-flow circuit.
  • the fins 2 , 3 are shown very schematically. They consist in this embodiment of strips of limited length moulded in zigzag form in the longitudinal direction, i.e. the medium flow direction. This aspect is however not significant for the present invention.
  • Deflector dams 4 are formed in sheet 1 for deflecting the relevant medium flow. This aspect will be further elucidated with reference to FIG. 4 .
  • Sheet 1 further has a number of condensation outlets in the form of funnel-shaped structures with triangular intermediate forms 5 for draining water.
  • This may for instance be condensation water, although in the case of operation of the heat exchanger as dew point cooler it may also be excess water added to the secondary medium circuit.
  • the walls 8 , 9 are folded toward each other along hinge lines 6 and 7 to form the folded-up situation shown in FIG. 1 c .
  • the construction obtained here is an element of a packet of such elements together forming a heat exchanger. Reference can for instance be made in this respect to FIGS. 4, 5 a , 6 and 7 .
  • the heat exchanger can also serve for instance as a dew point cooler.
  • an effective, for instance intermittent watering of the heat-exchanging surface in the secondary medium circuit must in that case be ensured.
  • fins 3 must be provided with a coating which has a hydrophilic character and which exhibits an open porosity or fibrous structure such that a rapid distribution of water or other evaporable liquid can occur trough capillary suction.
  • FIG. 5 a shows this watering symbolically.
  • sheet 1 according to FIG. 1 a is treated by at least wetting the fins, in any case on their outer side, and by then applying a mortar in powder form to the fins by atomisation.
  • the thus obtained coating of microporous Portland cement can have a thickness in the order of for instance 50 ⁇ m.
  • the process in question is highly controllable and produces a hydrophilic and water-buffering coating.
  • the fins 2 in the primary circuit are not provided with such a coating, since no evaporation occurs in the primary circuit
  • FIGS. 2 a , 2 b and 2 c show structures the same as those according to FIGS. 1 a , 1 b and 1 c , with the understanding that the length in the medium flow direction is greater. It is noted here that the medium flow direction extends in the direction of the drawn lines of fins 3 .
  • the sheet is designated in FIG. 2 with reference numeral 11 .
  • FIG. 3 a shows a sheet 21 , the general structure of which corresponds with that of sheet 1 of FIG. 1 .
  • Sheet 21 is not however provided with fins 2 , 3 , but is provided instead with two perforations 22 , 23 .
  • fins 24 which are arranged on a heat-conducting wall 25 , for instance by welding or soldering.
  • the fins as well as the wall can be manufactured from for instance copper.
  • Fins designated with 26 are likewise situated on the other side of the wall.
  • the respective blocks of fins fit into perforations 22 , 23 .
  • the heat-conducting wall part 25 is adhered sealingly to plate 21 , for instance by glueing.
  • the finally obtained structure has the same external structure as shown in FIG. 1 a .
  • the structure differs from that in FIG. 1 a in that the plate or wall part 25 extends on the underside of sheet 1 . It is of course necessary to take into account that wall part 25 must bend readily along hinge lines 6 .
  • fins 26 are shown with contour lines only for the sake of clarity. They are of course not visible in this perspective view.
  • FIG. 4 shows the interior 31 , i.e. without a housing or casing, of a dewpoint cooler with the fins omitted.
  • a number of units 32 are placed in a base 33 .
  • water can be drained via water outlets 34 via an opening 35 in base 33 .
  • FIGS. 5 a and 5 b each show a dew point cooler 41 with two units 42 , 43 .
  • a primary medium flow 44 is admitted to the inside from the one side.
  • a part of this primary flow, designated 45 exits to the outside.
  • Another part 46 is reversed as partial flow and passes over the watered fins 47 .
  • the thus wetted secondary airflow 48 is deflected upward by deflection damns 49 and leaves unit 41 from the top side,
  • FIG. 6 shows a base in the form of a tray 51 in which a number of units 52 are disposed. Use is also made in this embodiment of deflection dams 53 . Fins are not drawn. The openings between funnels 54 give access to the bottom of the tray for water drainage via outlet opening 55 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a structure related to that of FIG. 4 .
  • Units 61 have a differently moulded drainage provision.
  • FIG. 8 shows two units 71 based on the principles elucidated with reference to FIGS. 3 a and 3 b .
  • a copper plate or foil 72 bears on both sides fins which are ordered in respective blocks 73 , 74 , 75 .
  • Identical fins are situated on the non-visible side. These fit as according to an arrow 176 through respective openings 76 , 77 , 78 in preformed sheet 79 .
  • the walls are folded in the upper hinge zone into a mutually parallel relation, whereafter the free edges 10 are adhered to each other.
  • a single hinge line 80 which is embodied as a score with a substantially rigid zone on either side such that, also due to the correspondingly formed co-acting lower wall parts 83 , 84 , the final mutual distance of walls 81 , 82 corresponds with the chosen distance.
  • FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • Heat exchanger 90 comprises two sheets 91 , 92 which are each folded in the form of respective rectangular wave shapes of identical pitch or wavelength. Sheets 91 , 92 are positioned mutually interlaced with a relative longitudinal orientation of 90°. The manifolds necessary for feeding and discharging the primary and secondary medium flow are omitted from his schematic drawing. Heat exchanger 90 comprises fins, all designated with 93 .
  • the heat exchanger 90 can advantageously be embodied such that fins 93 are in heat-exchanging contact with each other via respective holes in sheets 91 , 92 , for instance via heat-conducting carrier plates 94 .
  • This avoids the heat resistance via the two sheets 91 , 92 becoming disturbingly manifest at the location of the fins.
  • Fins 93 and carrier plates 94 must in that case be in the most direct possible thermal contact with each other, for instance by means of a heat-conducting glue layer (for instance a thin pressure-sensitive or thermally activated plastic glue layer), a welding operation, a soldering operation, a mechanical coupling or the like.
  • FIG. 10 a shows an opened mould consisting of a lower mould part 101 and an upper mould part 102 which corresponds therewith and which can be closed as according to arrow 103 to cause plastic cold deformation of an aluminum plate 104 , which is covered on both sides with a glue layer activated by heat and pressure.
  • a PVC/polyacrylate based adhesive has been found to be suitable. This may be provided with a thickness of about 3 microns, preferably in combination with a PVC primer in the form of a heat-seal lacquer of about 2 micron thickness.
  • FIG. 10 b shows that a ship of fins 106 , 107 is positioned from both sides on the thus formed, moulded heat-exchanging wall 105 and then pressed on as according to arrows 108 , 109 respectively.
  • the lower surfaces 120 of fins 107 and the upper surfaces 110 of fins 106 are preferably also provided with a glue layer activated by heat and pressure, which may be of the same type as that applied to the plate 104 . Alternatively, it may be selected to have a higher melting temperature thereby preventing loosening of the fins during heat-sealing of the plate 104 .
  • FIG. 10 c shows wall 105 with the strips of fins 106 , 107 arranged thereon.
  • FIG. 10 d shows the manner in which a number of identical heat-exchanging walls 105 with fins 106 , 107 arranged thereon can be coupled to each other to form the interior of a heat exchanger, which must later also be placed in a suitable housing having inlets and outlets for the primary and the secondary medium, as well as associated manifolds, whereby said inlets and outlets can be coupled in the correct manner to the diverse channels in heat exchanger unit 111 of FIG. 10 d .
  • FIG. 10 d it is also noted how the two sets of fins 107 support against one another to provide a reinforced structure.
  • a foil 121 may be provided between the fins 107 in FIG. 10 d to increase the stability of the structure.
  • FIG. 11 shows an alternative in which an adhesive foil 112 is placed between two finished walls with fins, whereafter, by suitably pressing together the edge zones 113 with foil 112 therebetween as according to arrows 114 and by pressing the fins 107 against each other with foil 112 therebetween as according to arrows 115 , a mechanically very strong structure is created which, owing to the tensively strong connection between walls 105 via adhesive foil 112 , is able to withstand an increased internal pressure in the relevant heat-exchanging medium.
  • a very effective manner of causing the adhesive foil 112 to melt under some pressure is to feed hot air through the space occupied by fins 107 .
  • the desired softening and, after cooling, the desired adhesion is hereby read in a short time.
  • the adhesive foil layer 112 is manufactured from a plastic having a relatively low softening and melting point compared with that of the heat-seal adhesive on the fins.
  • FIGS. 10 a - 11 show flow channels being formed by joining two like laminate portions. It is noted that a construction by folding a single laminate e.g. provided with fins on both surfaces may also be achieved in a similar manner to that shown in FIGS. 1-3 .
  • FIG. 12 shows in greater detail a strip of fins 107 , for instance of copper or aluminium, as shown schematically in earlier figures.
  • the strip can for instance be embodied as a laminate consisting of a base layer of copper or aluminium, a layer of primer applied thereto and an anti-corrosive adhesive layer applied thereover, activated by heat and pressure for coupling of the strip of fins 107 to a wall 105 .
  • the laminate is also provided with a liquid retaining layer 204 on an upper surface thereof.
  • the liquid retaining layer 204 is formed from a fibrous non-woven material. Although reference is made to a liquid retaining layer, it is clearly understood that the layer is in fact a liquid retaining and releasing layer.
  • the layer 204 is schematically illustrated to have a very open structure such that the metal laminate can be clearly seen through the spaces between the fibres of the layer 204 .
  • An exemplary material for forming the water retaining layer is a 20 g/m2 polyester/viscose 50/50 blend, available from Lantor B.V. in. The Netherlands. Another exemplary material is a 30 g/m2 polyamide coated polyester fibre available under the name ColbackTM from Colbond N.V. in The Netherlands. Other materials having similar properties including synthetic and natural fibres such as wool may also be used.
  • the liquid retaining layer may be coated or otherwise treated to provide anti bacterial or other anti fouling properties.
  • the liquid retaining layer 204 may be adhesively attached to the metal layer over the entire area of the laminate 1 .
  • a 2 micron layer of two-component polyurethane adhesive has been found to provide excellent results. When present as such a thin layer, its effect on heat transfer is negligible.
  • Other liquid retaining layers such as Portland cement as mentioned above may also be used.
  • the strip comprises individual fins 216 each provided with louvres 218 in the form of elongate slots penetrating through the laminate (only the louvres on the first fin are shown).
  • the louvres 218 are arranged in groups.
  • a first group 220 serves to direct flow into the surface, while a second group 222 directs flow out of the surface.
  • Air following the direction of arrow B will be directed outwardly by the second group of louvres. In this way, the air alternately flows over the first surface, where it can receive moisture by evaporation from the liquid retaining layer, followed by the second surface where it can receive direct thermal energy to raise its temperature.
  • louvres 218 In addition to their function in directing flow between the surfaces of the fins 216 , louvres 218 also serve to break up the boundary layers that may develop as air flows along the spices. Other break up elements may be provided in addition or instead of the louvres 218 .
  • the fins 216 of FIG. 12 are straight, curvilinear or zig-zag fins may also be produced. It is believed that such fin shapes are advantageous in breaking up the boundary layers that develop in flow along the fins, since each time the fin changes direction, turbulent flow is re-established.
  • Various cross-sectional shapes are also possible for the fins, including corrugations of square, trapezoidal, rectangular, bell and sine wave shapes.
  • the base or trough 208 of the fin should preferably be as flat as possible with sharp corners in order to maximise the area of heat transfer to the plate 105 .
  • fins 216 are provided with conduction bridges 224 . These bridges 224 are in the form of cuts through the laminate over substantially the whole height of the fin 216 . They serve to prevent unwanted transport of heat along the ins 216 in the direction of the air flow.
  • the strip of fins 107 is preferably formed using standard corrugation techniques.
  • An appropriate width roil of prepared laminate may be fed through a pair of corrugated rollers which can form the fins 216 , louvres 218 and heat bridges 224 in a single pass.
  • the resulting product may then be cut into suitably sized strips of fins 107 for further processing.
  • FIG. 13 shows a heat-exchanging wall 116 formed of a laminate according to the present invention, with relatively shallow stiffening profiles 117 on both short sides, in addition to bent edges 118 with end flanges 119 , which bent edges 118 can act as reflection dams. It is noted in this respect that it is unnecessary in most applications to make use of the smooth rounded form of deflector dams as shown for instance in FIG. 1 a The flows of the media are generally steady such that there need be no fear of undesired losses.
  • the heat-exchanging wall 116 of FIG. 13 is symmetrical. This may not be essential in all circumstances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US10/533,383 2002-10-31 2003-10-31 Heat exchanger and method of manufacture thereof Abandoned US20060124287A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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NL1021794 2002-10-31
NL1021794A NL1021794C1 (nl) 2002-10-31 2002-10-31 Warmtewisselaar.
NL1022794A NL1022794C2 (nl) 2002-10-31 2003-02-27 Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een warmtewisselaar, alsmede met de werkwijze verkregen warmtewisselaar.
NL1022794 2003-02-27
PCT/EP2003/012132 WO2004040219A1 (en) 2002-10-31 2003-10-31 Heat exchanger and method of manufacture thereof

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EP (2) EP1597527B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP2006511786A (ru)
KR (1) KR20050065650A (ru)
AT (1) ATE514045T1 (ru)
AU (2) AU2003274830A1 (ru)
BR (1) BR0315811A (ru)
CA (1) CA2504243A1 (ru)
EA (1) EA009344B1 (ru)
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PL375205A1 (en) 2005-11-28
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MXPA05004511A (es) 2005-11-23
TW200409899A (en) 2004-06-16

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