US20060112850A1 - Micronized wood preservative formulations in organic carriers - Google Patents

Micronized wood preservative formulations in organic carriers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060112850A1
US20060112850A1 US11/243,640 US24364005A US2006112850A1 US 20060112850 A1 US20060112850 A1 US 20060112850A1 US 24364005 A US24364005 A US 24364005A US 2006112850 A1 US2006112850 A1 US 2006112850A1
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Prior art keywords
copper
composition
component
organic
micronized
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Jun Zhang
Robert Leach
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Osmose Inc
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Individual
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Priority to US11/243,640 priority Critical patent/US20060112850A1/en
Assigned to OSMOSE, INC. reassignment OSMOSE, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ZHANG, JUN, LEACH, ROBERT M.
Publication of US20060112850A1 publication Critical patent/US20060112850A1/en
Priority to US13/161,772 priority patent/US9775350B2/en
Assigned to WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION reassignment WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION PATENT, TRADEMARK AND COPYRIGHT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: CONCRETE PARTNERS, INC., KOPPERS ASIA LLC, KOPPERS CONCRETE PRODUCTS, INC., KOPPERS DELAWARE, INC., KOPPERS HOLDINGS INC., KOPPERS INC., KOPPERS VENTURES LLC, KOPPERS WORLD-WIDE VENTURES CORPORATION
Priority to US15/689,728 priority patent/US20170360042A1/en
Assigned to OSMOSE UTILITIES SERVICES, INC., KOPPERS PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS NEW ZEALAND LIMITED (F/K/A OSMOSE NEW ZEALAND), KOPPERS DELAWARE, INC. (F/K/A KOPPERS INDUSTRIES OF DELAWARE, INC.), KOPPERS PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS INC. (F/K/A OSMOSE, INC.), KOPPERS INC. (F/K/A KOPPERS INDUSTRIES, INC) reassignment OSMOSE UTILITIES SERVICES, INC. RELEASE (REEL 033591 / FRAME 0020) Assignors: WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A01N59/20—Copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/005—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process employing compositions comprising microparticles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/22—Compounds of zinc or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/343—Heterocyclic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to wood preservation, and more specifically to the use of micronized metals, metal compounds, and organic biocides as wood preservatives.
  • Wood preserving compositions are used to protect wood and other cellulose-based materials, such as paper, particleboard, textiles, rope, etc., from attack by wood-destroying organisms, such as, for example, fungi, bacteria and insects.
  • Conventional wood preserving compositions often contain inorganic compounds, organic biocides, or both in an organic carrier.
  • inorganic compounds used heretofore are compounds of copper, zinc, tin, boron, fluoride, etc.
  • Organic biocides used heretofore include insecticides, fungicides, moldicides, algaecides, bactericides, etc. that have been dissolved in an oil-borne carrier.
  • Examples of such compounds are azoles, carbamates, isothiazolinones, thiocyanates, sulfenamides, quaternary phosphonium compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, nitrites, pyridines, etc.
  • the preparation of such compounds in organic carriers is desirable because many organic carriers can impart water repellency and dimensional stability to cellulosic substrates such as wood.
  • many inorganic compounds and organic biocides have limited solubility in common and desirable organic carriers, and heretofore, special measures have been taken to overcome the solubility hurdle.
  • inorganic compo have been added to organic carriers as organo-metallic compounds or have been complexed with an organic moiety to enhance its solubility characteristics in a desired organic carrier.
  • Another technique which has been used is the formation of a water-in-oil emulsion in which compounds are dissolved in water as organo-metallic compounds, and the aqueous product is mixed with emulsifying compounds to produce the emulsion.
  • these methods do not work for many desirable combinations of inorganic/organic component and organic solvent. Such solutions have remained difficult to prepare.
  • the present invention provides compositions and methods for preservation of wood.
  • the composition comprises one or more micronized inorganic compounds, organic biocides, or both, and an organic carrier in which the micronized compounds are of low solubility.
  • inorganic compounds includes metal compounds, as well as inorganic complexes comprising one or more metal ions which are complexed with organic moieties.
  • a method for the preparation of the composition comprises the steps of providing an organic carrier and an inorganic compound, organic biocide, or both, which are insoluble in the organic carrier, and grinding them into micronized particles in the presence of dispersants and optionally, the carrier, such that a stable dispersion of micronized particles is formed. These compounds are ground by standard techniques known in the art.
  • the inorganic compound/organic biocide particles have a size in the range of 0.001 microns to 25.0 microns.
  • compositions of the present invention can be impregnated into cellulosic materials such as wood by standard methods, such as vacuum/pressure methods.
  • FIG. 1 depicts coniferous wood anatomy.
  • FIG. 2 depicts the border pit structure for coniferous woods.
  • micronized preservative composition Disclosed herein is a micronized preservative composition, a method for its preparation, and method for its use thereof in the treatment of cellulosic material, especially wood.
  • the leaching of metal element from the treated wood can be less than that observed with non-micronized compositions currently used in the art.
  • Metals or metal compounds which can be used in the micronized preservative compositions of the present invention in their elemental form or as compounds include transition elements (including the lanthanide and actinide series elements) such as strontium, barium, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, lead, gallium, indium, thallium, tin, zinc, cadmium, silver, nickel, etc. Such compounds should exhibit a relatively low solubility in the organic liquid which is to be used as a carrier.
  • a preferred metal is copper. Accordingly, in one embodiment, copper or copper compounds are used.
  • the copper or copper compounds which can be used include cuprous oxide (a source of copper (I) ions), cupric oxide (a source of copper (II) ions), copper hydroxide, copper carbonate, basic copper carbonate, copper oxychloride, copper 8-hydroxyquinolate, copper dimethyldithiocarbamate, copper omadine, copper borate, and copper residues (e.g., copper metal byproducts).
  • Organic biocides such as fungicides, insecticides, moldicides, bactericides, algaecides etc. from chemical classes including azoles, carbamates, isothiazolinones, thiocyanates, sulfenamides, quaternary phosphonium compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, nitriles, pyridines, etc. and mixtures thereof can be used with the present invention and are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the organic biocides used in the present invention may have varying degrees of solubility, depending upon the organic biocide and carrier which is used.
  • the organic biocide may be either micronized or soluble in the carrier used, with the provision that if the composition does not contain a micronized metal/metal compound component, the organic biocide is present in the carrier as micronized particles.
  • Some non-limiting examples of organic biocides are listed below.
  • aliphatic nitrogen fungicides such as, for example: butylamine; cymoxanil; dodicin; dodine; guazatine; iminoctadine amide fungicides, such as, for example: carpropamid; chloraniformethan; cyazofamid; cyflufenamid; diclocymet; ethaboxam; fenoxanil; flumetover; furametpyr; prochloraz; quinazamid; silthiofam; triforine; benalaxyl-M; furalaxyl; metalaxyl; metalaxyl-M; pefurazoate; benzohydroxamic acid; tioxymid; trichlamide; zarilamid; zoxamide; cyclafuramid; furmecyclox dichlofluanid; tolylfluanid benthiavalicarb; iprovalicarb; be
  • micronized means a particle size in the range of 0.001 to 25 microns.
  • particle size refers to the largest axis of the particle, and in the case of a generally spherical particle, the largest axis is the diameter.
  • the micronized particles can be obtained by wetting/dispersing and grinding the inorganic compounds, with or without organic carriers, using a grinding mill.
  • micronized does not refer only to particles which have been produced by the finely dividing, such as by mechanical grinding, of materials which are in bulk or other form, but to particles in the foregoing size range, whether they are ground from larger stock, precipitated out of solution, formed using nanotechnological methods, formed in situ, etc.
  • the particles be formed in the presence of dispersants, such as stabilizers, wetting agents, surfactants, etc., such that a stable particle dispersion is formed.
  • dispersants such as stabilizers, wetting agents, surfactants, etc.
  • Standard dispersants can be used, such as acrylic copolymers, polymers with pigment affinic groups or other modifications which give them affinity for the micronized component(s) (“modified”).
  • Other dispersants are modified polyacrylate, acrylic polymer emulsions, modified lignin, organically modified polysiloxane, modified polyurethane, polycarboxylate ether, modified fatty acids and fatty acid esters, modified polyether, modified polyamides, and the like.
  • a “dispersion” of micronized particles should be interpreted to encompass situations in which particles are present with sizes outside the micronized range. However, it is preferred that greater than 80 wt % of the particles have diameters in the micronized range, and even more preferred that greater than 60 wt % of the micronized particles have a size of between 0.05 to 1.0 microns.
  • All embodiments contain at least one metal/metal compound or organic biocide which is present as a micronized dispersion.
  • the composition comprises both types of components, either can be present in micronized form.
  • both the inorganic compound component and the organic biocide component are present as micronized particles.
  • an inorganic compound or an organic biocide component will generally be considered to have the ability to be present in a wood preservative solution as micronized particles (i.e., little or no dissolution in the carrier), if the compound has a solubility in the organic carrier of less than or equal to 0.5 g per 100 grams of carrier at 25° C. More preferred is a solubility of less than or equal to 0.1 g per 100 grams of carrier at 25° C.
  • compositions of the present invention can be prepared and stored as a concentrate, if desired, which can be diluted with an appropriate reconstituent to give a solution having a desired concentration of micronized component for applying to wood.
  • an appropriate reconstituent to give a solution having a desired concentration of micronized component for applying to wood.
  • Included within the ambit of the present invention are situations in which the organic carrier used to reconstitute a concentrate solution is different from the organic carrier which is present in the concentrate. Such a situation may arise, for example, if further dilution with the same organic carrier which is in the concentrate would cause appreciable dissolution of the micronized inorganic component.
  • a second organic carrier may have properties which are more suited to the application for which the composition is to be used than the carrier which makes up the concentrate.
  • compositions which contain extremely high weight percent of micronized particles may be of high viscosity, and such solutions may require measures such as high pressures to ensure penetration.
  • viscosity of the composition is dependent upon the chosen carrier as well as the identity of the micronized component, and it is within the abilities of one skilled in the art to dilute or otherwise reduce the concentration of micronized component if excessive viscosity prevents or inhibits penetration.
  • solutions having a micronized particle wt % in excess of 50 wt % may require the use of high pressures to achieve significant penetration.
  • a solution which is a concentrate which is intended for dilution before use may have a wt % of micronized particles which is even higher than 50 wt %.
  • the wood preservative solution can have a micronized particle wt % as high as 85 wt % or as low as 0.00001 wt %, although for some applications, concentrations outside this range may be appropriate.
  • concentrations outside this range includes both ready-to-apply solutions and concentrates.
  • compositions of the present invention it can be desirable to use components in addition to the inorganic compound, organic biocide and organic carrier components in order to enhance the performance of the wood preservative solution.
  • Such components may be used as dispersants, defoamers, weathering agents, colorants, etc.
  • the preservative solutions of the present invention can be prepared in a variety of ways.
  • the component or components which are to be present as micronized particles in the preservative solution can be added to the carrier as a dispersion of micronized particles in a liquid phase, or they can be added to the carrier as large particulate or other solid form before grinding the particles to micronized size, preferably in the presence of dispersants.
  • Solid components can be added as large particulate for later grinding, or as micronized particulate. If desired, micronized solids can be added directly to a carrier which contains a dispersant.
  • micronized particles can be obtained by grinding a metal/metal compounds or organic biocide component in the presence of a wetting agent and/or a dispersant using a commercially available grinding mill in the absence or presence of a solution. It is convenient to grind the particles in the presence of a carrier and a dispersant such that the suspension is formed in the carrier without the additional step of adding the dispersion to the carrier.
  • micronized compounds may also be purchased from commercial sources and, if needed, ground further, optionally in the absence of the carrier.
  • micronized compounds and biocides in an organic carrier can form a finely dispersed suspension with or without addition of a thickener.
  • the resulting dispersion can optionally be mixed with a variety of biocides which are soluble in the carrier.
  • the soluble components can be added to the organic carrier prior to, during or after the micronization of the components.
  • micronized particles can be first made (by any suitable means) and then dispersed in the carrier.
  • Other compounds and biocides, such as organic or inorganic biocides, soluble or insoluble, can be added to the dispersion, if desired.
  • This invention also allows the addition of performance enhancing non-biocidal products such as water repellants, colorants, emulsifying agents, dispersants, stabilizers, UV inhibitors, drying agents, polymer systems and the like disclosed herein to further enhance the performance of the system or the appearance and performance of the resulting treated products.
  • non-biocidal products such as water repellants, colorants, emulsifying agents, dispersants, stabilizers, UV inhibitors, drying agents, polymer systems and the like disclosed herein to further enhance the performance of the system or the appearance and performance of the resulting treated products.
  • the ambit of the present invention includes the use of a wide range of organic carriers.
  • organic carriers that can be used, either alone, or as mixtures, as solubility allows, include:
  • Amines such as, for example: Diamylamine, Diethylamine, Diisopropylamine, Dimethylethylamine, Di-n-Butylamine, Mono-2-Ethylhexyamine, Monoamylamine, Monoethylamine 70%, Monoisopropylamine, Anhy., Mono-n-Butylamine, Triamylamine, Triethylamine, Tri-n-Butylamine, Dibutylaminoethanol, Diethylaminoethanol, Diethylaminoethoxyethanol, Diisopropylaminoethanol, Dimethylamino-2P, 77% Mixed, Dimethylamino-2-P, Anhy., Dimethylaminoethanol, Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, Ethlylaminoethanol, Ethylaminoethanol, Mixed, Isopropylaminoethanol, Isopropylaminoethanol, Mixed, Methyldiethanolamine, Monomethylaminoethanol, Mono-n-
  • Glycols such as, for example: Diethylene Glycol, Dipropylene Glycol, Ethylene Glycol, Glycerine 96%, 99%, U.S.P., Glycerine, Hexylene Glycol, Neol® Neopentyiglycol, Polyethylene Glycol, Polypropylene Glycol, Propylene Glycol Ind.,U.S.P., Tetraethylene Glycol, Triethylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol;
  • Ketones such as, for example: Acetone, Cyclohexanone, Diacetone, DIBK-Diisobutyl Ketone, Isophorone, MAK-Methyl Amyl Ketone, MEK-Methyl Ethyl Ketone, MIAK-Methyl Isoamyl Ketone, MIBK-Methyl Isobutyl Ketone, MPK-Methyl Propyl Ketone;
  • Esters such as, for example: Amyl Acetate, Dibasic Ester, Ethyl Acetate, 2 Ethyl Hexyl Acetate, Ethyl Propionate, Exxate® Acetate Esters, Isobutyl Acetate, Isobutyl Isobuterate, Isopropyl Acetate, n-Butyl Acetate, n-Butyl Propionate, n-Pentyl Propionate, n-Propyl Acetate;
  • Alcohols such as, for example: Amyl Alcohol, Benzyl Alcohol, Cyclohexanol, Ethyl Alcohol-Denatured, 2-Ethyl Hexanol, Exxal 8® Isooctyl Alcohol, Exxal 10® Isodecyl Alcohol, Exxal 13® Tridecyl Alcohol, Furfuryl Alcohol, Isobutyl Alcohol, Isopropyl Alcohol 99% Anhy, Methanol, Methyl Amyl Alcohol (MIBC), n-Butyl Alcohol, n-Propyl Alcohol, Neodol® Linear Alcohol, Secondary Butyl Alcohol, Tertiary Butyl Alcohol, Tetrahydrofurfryl Alcohol, Texanol Ester Alcohol®, UCAR Filmer IBT®;
  • MIBC Methyl Amyl Alcohol
  • MIBC Methyl Amyl Alcohol
  • n-Butyl Alcohol n-Propyl Alcohol
  • Neodol® Linear Alcohol Secondary Butyl Alcohol, Ter
  • Halogenated Carriers such as, for example: Methylene Chloride, Monochlorobenzene, Orthodichlorobenzene, Perchloroethylene, Trichloroethylene, Vertrel® Hydrofluorocarbon;
  • Aliphatic Carriers such as, for example: Heptane, Hexane, Kerosene, Lacquer Diluent, Mineral Seal Oil, Mineral Spirits, n-Pentane, OMS-Odorless Mineral Spirits, Rubber Solvent, 140 Solvent, 360 Solvent, Textile Spirits®, VM&P;
  • Aromatic Carriers such as, for example: Aromatic 100, Aromatic 150, Aromatic 200, Heavy Aromatic Solvent, Panasol®, Toluene, Xylene;
  • Terpene Carriers such as, for example: Alpha-Pinene, Wood, Dipentene 122®, D-Limonene, Herco® Pine Oil, Solvenol®, Steam Distilled Turpentine, Terpineol®, Yarmor® 302, 302-W Pine Oil;
  • Other carriers including, for example: mineral oil, linseed oil, olive oil, vegetable oil, methoxypropyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, castor oil, Arconate HP® Propylene Carbonate, #2 fuel oil, Cypar® Cycloparaffin Solvent, DMF—dimethyl formamide, formamide, Exxprint® Ink Oil/Solvent, furfural, Isopar® Isoparaffin Solvent, MTBE—methyl tert-butyl ether, NMP—N-methyl pyrrolidone, Norpar® Normal Paraffin Solvent, Proglyde DMM® Glycol Diether, THF—tetrahydrofuran, Varsol® Aliphatic Solvent.
  • mineral oil linseed oil
  • olive oil vegetable oil
  • methoxypropyl acetate isopropyl alcohol
  • castor oil Arconate HP® Propylene Carbonate
  • Cypar® Cycloparaffin Solvent DMF—dimethyl formamide, formamide, Exxprint
  • FIG. 1 depicts the anatomy of coniferous wood. As shown in FIG. 2 , the primary entry and movement of fluids through wood tissue occurs primarily through the tracheids and border pits. Tracheids have a diameter of about thirty microns. Fluids are transferred between wood cells by means of border pits.
  • the overall diameter of the border pit chambers typically varies from a several microns up to thirty microns while, the diameter of the pit openings (via the microfibrils) typically varies from several hundredths of a micron to several microns.
  • FIG. 2 depicts the border pit structure for coniferous woods.
  • Particle sizes of the metal or low water solubility organic biocide used in the composition which exceed 30 microns tend to be filtered by the surface of the wood, thus not attaining a desired penetration and fluid flow through the wood tissue.
  • particle size of the micronized particles used in the dispersion formulation disclosed herein can have a long axis dimension (“size”) between 0.001-25 microns. In another embodiment, the particle size is between 0.001-10 microns. In another embodiment, the particle size is between 0.01 to 10 microns. If superior uniformity of penetration is desired, particle size of the additive used in the dispersion formulation disclosed herein should be between 0.01-1 microns.
  • the particulate additive comprise particles which have diameters which are not less than 0.001 microns.
  • particle size distributional parameters can affect the uniformity of particle distribution in the wood, as well as the leaching properties of treated wood. It is thus preferable to use particle size distributions which contain relatively few particle sizes outside the range of 0.001 to 25 microns. It is preferred that no more than 20 weight percent of the particles have diameters which are greater than 25 microns. Because smaller particles have an increased chance of leaching from the wood, it is also preferred that no more than 20 wt % of the particles have diameters under 0.001 microns.
  • greater than 80 wt % of the particles have a diameter in the range of 0.001 to 25 microns. In more preferred embodiments, greater than 85, 90, 95 or 99 wt % particles are in the range of 0.001 to 25 microns.
  • At least 50 wt % of the particles should have diameters which are less than 10 microns. More preferred are particle distributions which have at least 65 wt % of the particles with sizes of less than 10 microns. In additional embodiments, less than 20 wt % of the particles have diameters of less than 1 micron.
  • Examples 1 through 5 demonstrate the formulation of the concentrated dispersions of copper compounds, copper compounds and various organic biocides, or organic biocides in an organic carrier.
  • Examples 6 through 13 demonstrate the preparation and use of treating fluids containing micronized dispersions for the treatment of wood.
  • This example demonstrates the preparation of a dispersion of a micronized metal compound according to the present invention.
  • Five hundred (500.0) grams of copper hydroxide were added to a container containing 1091.7 grams white mineral spirits and 125.0 grams of dispersants/wetting agents. The mixture was mechanically stirred for 5 minutes and then placed in a grinding mill. The sample was ground for about 30 minutes, and a stable dispersion containing about 30 wt % copper hydroxide was obtained with an average particle size of 0.195 micrometers.
  • This example demonstrates the preparation of a dispersion of a micronized metal compound according to the present invention.
  • One thousand (1000.0) grams of basic copper carbonate was mixed with 2158.3 grams of #2 fuel oil and 175.0 grams of wetting agents/dispersants. The mixture was mechanically stirred for 10 minutes. The mixture was then placed in a grinding mill and ground for about 20 minutes. A stable dispersion was obtained with an average particle size of 0.199 micrometers.
  • This example demonstrates the preparation of a dispersion containing a micronized metal compound and a micronized organic biocide according to the present invention.
  • One thousand (1000.0) grams of basic copper hydroxide and 20 grams of tebuconazole were mixed with 3780 grams of mineral spirits and 200 grams of wetting agents/dispersants. The mixture was mechanically stirred for about 10 minutes. The mixture was then placed in a grinding mill and ground for about 30 minutes. A stable dispersion containing 25 wt % basic copper carbonate and 0.5wt % tebuconazole was obtained with an average particle size of 0.200 micrometers.
  • This example demonstrates the preparation of a dispersion of a micronized metal compound according to the present invention.
  • Three hundred (300) grams of copper 8-hydroxyquinolate (Cu-8) were mixed with 855 grams n-butyl acetate and 90.0 grams of dispersants. The mixture was mechanically mixed for about 5 minutes and placed in a grinding mill. The mixture was ground for about 30 minutes and a stable dispersion containing 25 wt % Cu-8 was obtained with an average particle size of 0.282 micrometers.
  • This example demonstrates the uniform penetration achievable with the preservative compositions of the present invention.
  • the cupric hydroxide dispersion from Example 1 (38.5 g) was mixed with 7.5 g of N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecylamine-N-oxide (AO) and 2954.0 g of mineral spirits to produce a preservative treating fluid containing 0.385 wt % cupric hydroxide and 0.25 wt % AO.
  • the fluid was then used to treat 2′′ ⁇ 4′′ ⁇ 10′′ samples of southern pine sapwood using an initial vacuum of 28′′ Hg for 15 minutes, followed by a pressure cycle of 135 psi for 25 minutes and a final vacuum of 27′′ Hg for 10 minutes.
  • the resulting treated wood was weighed and found to have doubled its weight. Treated sample was cut and the cross sections sprayed with a copper indicator to determine copper penetration following the procedure described in American Wood Preservers' Association Standard A3-00, and the blue color indicates the presence of copper.
  • This example demonstrates the uniform penetration achievable with the preservative compositions of the present invention.
  • Fifty (50.0) g basic copper carbonate dispersion from Example 3 were mixed with 2942.5 g of mineral spirits and 7.5 g of didecyldimethylammonium chloride. The product was mixed until uniformly dispersed and the treating solution containing the following compositions: Components Percent Cupric Oxide 0.50 Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride 0.25
  • a southern pine stake measuring 1.5′′ ⁇ 3.5′′ ⁇ 10′′ was placed in a laboratory retort with a vacuum of 27′′ Hg for 15 minutes.
  • the treating solution was then pumped into the retort and the retort pressurized to 130 psi for 30 minutes.
  • the solution was drained from the retort and the test stake weighed. Based on the weight pickup, the test stake doubled its weight and showed uniform penetration of the cupric oxide throughout the wood cross section.
  • a preservative treating formulation was prepared by adding 0.15 kg of copper carbonate dispersion from Example 2 to 0.025 kg of N,N-dimethyl-1-hexadecylamine-N-oxide and 4.825 kg of #2 fuel oil. This fluid was allowed to mix until a homogenous fluid was prepared. This fluid was used to treat southern pine test stakes by the full-cell process. The resulting stakes showed a uniform distribution of copper throughout the wood cells and were found to be resistant to decay and insect attack.
  • a preservative treating composition was prepared by adding 0.1 kg of dispersion from Example 3 to 4.9 kg of #2 fuel oil.
  • the resulting fluid contained 0.50 wt % copper hydoxide and 0.01 wt % tebuconazole.
  • This fluid was then used to treat full-size lumber using the full-cell process wherein the wood is initially placed under a vacuum of 30′′ Hg for 30 minutes, followed by the addition of the treating solution.
  • the system was then pressurized for 30 minutes at 110 psi.
  • a final vacuum of 28′′ Hg for 30 minutes is applied to the wood to remove residual liquid.
  • the wood is found to contain a uniform distribution of copper throughout the cross sections and is resistant to fungal and insect attack.
  • This example demonstrates the uniform penetration achievable with the preservative compositions of the present invention, as well as their ability to preserve wood.
  • Fifty-four grams of dispersion from Example 3 and 7.5 g of N,N-dimethyl-1-hexadecylamine-N-oxide (AO) (an organic biocide) were mixed with 2938.5 grams of #2 fuel oil to obtain a preservative treating fluid containing 0.45% copper hydroxide, 0.009 wt % tebuconazole and 0.25 wt % AO.
  • the resulting fluid is used to treat red pine lumber using a modified full-cell process.
  • the resulting stakes are air-dried and found to a uniform distribution of copper throughout the cross sections and are resistant to fungal and insect attack.
  • This example demonstrates the uniform penetration achievable with the preservative compositions of the present invention, as well as their ability to preserve wood.
  • This example also demonstrates the reconstitution of a concentrate containing an organic carrier which is different than the organic carrier which is used to reconstitute.
  • a preservative treating fluid was prepared by adding 16.0 g of Cu 8-hydroxyquinolate (Cu-8) dispersion from Example 4 to 3984.0 g of #2 fuel oil. The resulting fluid contained 0.1 wt % Cu-8. The fluid was used to treat southern pine lumber using a full cell process. The treated stakes are oven dried and found to contain a uniform distribution of particles throughout the cross sections and are resistant to fungal and insect attack.
  • a preservative treating fluid was prepared by mixing 175 g concentrated dispersion containing 20 wt % copper carbonate and 0.5 wt % cyproconazole with 3325.0 g methoxypropyl acetate. The resulting solution contains 1.0% copper carbonate and 0.025% cyproconazole and is used to treat southern pine lumber using a full cell process. The treated stakes are oven dried and found to contain a uniform distribution of copper and cyproconazole throughout the cross sections and are resistant to fungal and insect attack.
  • a preservative treating fluid was prepared by mixing 1.70 g concentrate from Example 5 with 998.3 g of #2 fuel oil.
  • the resulting solution contains 0.05 wt % tebuconazole and 0.008 wt % bifenthrin is used to treat southern pine lumber using a full cell process.
  • the treated stakes are oven drived and the exposed to fungal species and Formosan subterranean termite. The testing results indicate that the treated wood is resistant to fungal and insect attack.

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