US20030112863A1 - Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information - Google Patents

Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030112863A1
US20030112863A1 US09/905,039 US90503901A US2003112863A1 US 20030112863 A1 US20030112863 A1 US 20030112863A1 US 90503901 A US90503901 A US 90503901A US 2003112863 A1 US2003112863 A1 US 2003112863A1
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video image
color
image
value
channel
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Gary Demos
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Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corp
Dolby Laboratories Inc
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Priority to US09/905,039 priority Critical patent/US20030112863A1/en
Assigned to DEMOGRAFX reassignment DEMOGRAFX ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DEMOS, GARY A.
Priority to SG200805819-0A priority patent/SG158784A1/en
Priority to MXPA04000295A priority patent/MXPA04000295A/es
Priority to EP12161246A priority patent/EP2493184A1/en
Priority to JP2003512824A priority patent/JP2004535126A/ja
Priority to EP02747000A priority patent/EP1405515A4/en
Priority to AT10007124T priority patent/ATE557530T1/de
Priority to SG2013037478A priority patent/SG2013037478A/en
Priority to AU2002316676A priority patent/AU2002316676B2/en
Priority to CA002452506A priority patent/CA2452506C/en
Priority to PCT/US2002/022205 priority patent/WO2003007126A2/en
Priority to EP13180372.8A priority patent/EP2698991A3/en
Priority to KR10-2004-7000367A priority patent/KR20040018444A/ko
Priority to EP12160431A priority patent/EP2493178A1/en
Priority to SG200601486-4A priority patent/SG143069A1/en
Priority to EP12161251A priority patent/EP2493185A1/en
Priority to SG2012036398A priority patent/SG193680A1/en
Priority to SG2013037486A priority patent/SG2013037486A/en
Priority to CA002621107A priority patent/CA2621107A1/en
Priority to EP10007124A priority patent/EP2239943B1/en
Priority to EP12161242A priority patent/EP2493183A1/en
Priority to EP12160433A priority patent/EP2493179A1/en
Priority to CNB028137922A priority patent/CN1250003C/zh
Priority to EP12160436A priority patent/EP2493180A1/en
Priority to EP08075656A priority patent/EP1988712A3/en
Priority to ES10007124T priority patent/ES2386872T3/es
Priority to SG10201508768WA priority patent/SG10201508768WA/en
Priority to EP12160438A priority patent/EP2493181A1/en
Priority to EP12161254A priority patent/EP2493186A1/en
Priority to EP12161238A priority patent/EP2493182A1/en
Assigned to DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC. reassignment DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DEMOGRAFX, INC.
Publication of US20030112863A1 publication Critical patent/US20030112863A1/en
Assigned to DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC., DOLBY LICENSING CORPORATION reassignment DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DEMOGRAFX, INC.
Assigned to DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC., DOLBY LABORATORIES LICENSING CORPORATION reassignment DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC., DEMOGRAFX, INC.
Priority to US12/176,267 priority patent/US7961784B2/en
Priority to JP2008206699A priority patent/JP5178389B2/ja
Priority to US12/913,045 priority patent/US9497471B2/en
Priority to JP2010269367A priority patent/JP5506645B2/ja
Priority to HK11102212.5A priority patent/HK1148152B/en
Priority to US13/197,248 priority patent/US9578341B2/en
Priority to US13/197,281 priority patent/US8737466B2/en
Priority to US13/197,211 priority patent/US9584816B2/en
Priority to US13/272,316 priority patent/US9986249B2/en
Priority to US13/325,695 priority patent/US10297008B2/en
Priority to US13/325,773 priority patent/US10504205B2/en
Priority to JP2012286002A priority patent/JP2013093886A/ja
Priority to JP2012286013A priority patent/JP5506905B2/ja
Priority to JP2012285999A priority patent/JP2013093885A/ja
Priority to JP2012285987A priority patent/JP5506903B2/ja
Priority to JP2012286007A priority patent/JP2013093887A/ja
Priority to JP2012285984A priority patent/JP5506902B2/ja
Priority to JP2012285993A priority patent/JP5506904B2/ja
Priority to JP2012285980A priority patent/JP5506901B2/ja
Priority to IN3189DEN2014 priority patent/IN2014DN03189A/en
Priority to US14/827,731 priority patent/US10110908B2/en
Priority to US14/827,830 priority patent/US10158865B2/en
Priority to US16/442,089 priority patent/US11315216B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G06T3/4015—Image demosaicing, e.g. colour filter arrays [CFA] or Bayer patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00—Image coding
    • G06T9/007—Transform coding, e.g. discrete cosine transform
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N11/00—Colour television systems
    • H04N11/04—Colour television systems using pulse code modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H04N19/126—Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/167—Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/186—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/12—Systems in which the television signal is transmitted via one channel or a plurality of parallel channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the television signal

Definitions

  • This invention relates to video compression, and more particularly to methods, systems, and computer programs for improving compressed image chroma information in MPEG-like video compression systems.
  • MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 are international video compression standards defining a video syntax that provides an efficient way to represent image sequences in the form of more compact coded data.
  • the language of the coded bits is the “syntax.” For example, a few tokens can represent an entire block of samples (e.g., 64 samples for MPEG-2).
  • Both MPEG standards also describe a decoding (reconstruction) process where the coded bits are mapped from the compact representation into an approximation of the original format of the image sequence. For example, a flag in the coded bitstream signals whether the following bits are to be preceded with a prediction algorithm prior to being decoded with a discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm.
  • DCT discrete cosine transform
  • the algorithms comprising the decoding process are regulated by the semantics defined by these MPEG standards.
  • This syntax can be applied to exploit common video characteristics such as spatial redundancy, temporal redundancy, uniform motion, spatial masking, etc.
  • these MPEG standards define a programming language as well as a data format.
  • An MPEG decoder must be able to parse and decode an incoming data stream, but so long as the data stream complies with the corresponding MPEG syntax, a wide variety of possible data structures and compression techniques can be used (although technically this deviates from the standard since the semantics are not conformant). It is also possible to carry the needed semantics within an alternative syntax.
  • I frames are compressed without reference to other frames and thus contain an entire frame of video information. I frames provide entry points into a data bitstream for random access, but can only be moderately compressed. Typically, the data representing I frames is placed in the bitstream every 12 to 15 frames (although it is also useful in some circumstances to use much wider spacing between I frames).
  • P frames generally are encoded with reference to a past frame (either an I frame or a previous P frame), and, in general, are used as a reference for subsequent P frames.
  • P frames receive a fairly high amount of compression.
  • B frames provide the highest amount of compression but require both a past and a future reference frame in order to be encoded.
  • Bi-directional frames are never used for reference frames in standard compression technologies.
  • Macroblocks are regions of image pixels.
  • a macroblock is a 16 ⁇ 16 pixel grouping of four 8 ⁇ 8 DCT blocks, together with one motion vector for P frames, and one or two motion vectors for B frames.
  • Macroblocks within P frames may be individually encoded using either intra-frame or inter-frame (predicted) coding.
  • Macroblocks within B frames may be individually encoded using intra-frame coding, forward predicted coding, backward predicted coding, or both forward and backward (i.e., bi-directionally interpolated) predicted coding.
  • a slightly different but similar structure is used in MPEG-4 video coding.
  • an MPEG data bitstream comprises a sequence of I, P, and B frames.
  • a sequence may consist of almost any pattern of I, P, and B frames (there are a few minor semantic restrictions on their placement). However, it is common in industrial practice to have a fixed pattern (e.g., IBBPBBPBBPBBPBB).
  • MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 all utilize a Y, U, V color space for compression. There is a choice of luminance equation, but a typical conversion transformation between RGB (red-green-blue) to a YUV representation is expressed as:
  • V B ⁇ Y
  • the Y luminance factors for green range from 0.55 up to 0.75, depending upon the color system.
  • the factors for red range from 0.2 to 0.3, and the factors for blue range from 0.05 to 0.15.
  • This transformation can be cast as a matrix transformation, which is a linear operator intended for use on linear signals.
  • this simple transformation is performed in MPEG 1, 2, and 4 in the non-linear video space, yielding various artifacts and problems.
  • MPEG-2 supports full resolution chroma, as well as half resolution horizontally.
  • MPEG-4 versions 1 and 2 use half resolution vertically and horizontally. Note that full chroma resolution is often called 4:4:4, half chroma horizontal resolution is often called 4:2:2, and half vertical and horizontal resolution is often called 4:2:0. (It should be noted that the 4:x:x nomenclature is flawed in its meaning and derivation, but it is common practice to use it to describe the chroma resolution relationship to luminance.)
  • the filter which reduces the horizontal and vertical chroma resolution under the various MPEG standards is applied to non-linear video signals as transformed into the U and V color representation.
  • the non-linear signals and the filters interact in such a way as to produce artifacts and problems.
  • These problems can be generalized as “crosstalk” between the Y luminance and the U and V chroma channels, along with spatial aliasing.
  • the reason for reducing chroma resolution for U and V is that the human visual system is less sensitive to changes in U and V than it is to changes in luminance, Y. Since Y is mostly green, and U and V are mostly red, and blue respectively, this can also be described as a human visual sensitivity being higher for green than for red and blue. However, although U and V are treated the same in MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4, the human visual system is more sensitive to U (with its red component) than to V (with its blue component).
  • NTSC-2 uses a YIQ color space, where I and Q are similar to U and V (with slightly different weightings). That is, the I channel primarily represents red minus luminance and the Q channel primarily represents blue minus luminance. In NTSC-2, the luminance is given 4.5 MHz of analog bandwidth, and the I chroma channel is given 1.5 MHz of analog bandwidth. The Q channel, representing the blue-yellow axis, is given only 0.5 MHz of analog bandwidth.
  • the NTSC-2 television system allocates three times as much information to the I channel than it does to the Q channel, and three times as much information to the Y luminance channel than to the I channel. Therefore, the bandwidth ratio between the Y luminance channel and the Q (blue minus luminance) channel is nine.
  • MPEG YUV and NTSC-2 relationships are summarized in the following table: YUV YUV YUV NTSC- Ratio 4:4:4 4:2:2 4:0 2 Red, U, and I pixels to 1:1 2:1 4:1 3:1 Y Blue, V, and Q pixels to 1:1 2:1 4:1 9:1 Y
  • the invention is directed to methods, systems, and computer programs for improving compressed image chroma information.
  • a color video image may be improved by increasing the red resolution for an RGB representation (or the U resolution for a YUV representation) above the resolution used for blue (or V).
  • Using lower resolution for the blue color component means less information needs to be compressed, such as in a motion compensated color video image compression system.
  • This aspect of the invention includes a method, system, and computer program for compressing image chroma information of a color video image in a video image compression system by selecting a resolution for a red color component of the color video image that is higher than the resolution for a blue color component of the color video image.
  • QP quantization parameter
  • Another aspect of the invention is a technique useful when higher compression is required.
  • a positive QP bias is applied to the QP value for the Y channel for use with either or both of the U and V chroma channels.
  • Another aspect of the invention is use of a logarithmic representation to benefit image coding.
  • Logarithmic coding when feasible, can improve coding efficiency for YUV color space representations of images originally represented as linear RGB pixel values.
  • a conversion to and from linear representations can be beneficial.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method for improving the video characteristics of a color video image in a video compression system, including: selecting a set of image channels to represent the color video image, including a luminance channel and n chroma channels, where n is at least three; and compressing the luminance channel and the n additional chroma channels to a compressed video image.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an illustrative method (which may be computer implemented) for increasing the resolution for U above the resolution used for V in a YUV color space representation.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an illustrative method (which may be computer implemented) for applying a QP bias for chroma channels.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an illustrative method (which may be computer implemented) for logarithmic coding of luminance and chroma information.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an illustrative method (which may be computer implemented) for coding additional chroma channels in an image compression system.
  • an image may be improved by increasing the red resolution for an RGB representation (or the U resolution for a YUV representation) above the resolution used for blue (or V).
  • Using lower resolution for the blue color component means less information needs to be compressed, such as in a motion compensated color video image compression system.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an illustrative method (which may be computer implemented) utilizing higher resolution for U than the resolution used for V in a YUV color space representation (a similar method may be applied to an RGB color space representation):
  • Step 103 Compress the YUV image (having luminance Y and the downsize filtered U and V chroma information) using an MPEG-like compression system.
  • Step 104 Decompress the images into Y, U, and V channels (usually in a different computer).
  • Step 105 Convert the U and V channels to full resolution, using the appropriate resolution increase (i.e., the reciprocal of the downsize filter factor used in Step 101 above for V and Step 102 above for U).
  • Step 106 Optionally, convert the YUV picture to an RGB image for viewing, analysis, or further processing.
  • a simple method of implementing a reduced chroma QP value is to subtract a constant value from the QP value used for the Y (luminance) channel.
  • a separate constant value (lower than the QP value for Y) might be used for each of U and V. For example, “2” might be subtracted from the QP value for Y to yield the QP value for U, and “1” might be subtracted for the QP value for Y to yield the QP value for V. Any useful value of the amount to subtract can be used, limited only by a minimum value of “1” for the applied QP value.
  • the range of these differential chroma-biased QP values can be extended using the extended QP range function or lookup, as described in the “High Precision Encoding and Decoding of Video Images” patent application referenced above.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an illustrative method (which may be computer implemented) for applying a QP bias for chroma channels:
  • Step 201 In an image compression system, reduce the QP value for each of the U and V chroma channels by a selected value (which may be different for each channel).
  • Step 202 Utilize this reduced QP value for the U and V chroma channel compressions, respectively.
  • Step 203 Optionally, if variable QP values are used, ensure that the reduced U and V QP value is at least
  • Step 204 Unless a pre-set bias is to be used, signal or convey the QP value reduction amount to the decoder as often as it may change (once at a minimum).
  • Step 205 Decompress (usually in a different computer) the signal using the appropriate QP value for U and V (again ensuring that the reduced QP value is at least “1”).
  • Step 206 Optionally, view the decompressed images, or use the images for additional processing or analysis.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a technique useful when higher compression is required.
  • a positive QP bias is applied to the QP value for the Y channel for use with either or both of the U and V chroma channels (preferably checking against a QP maximum value of a compression system, if any).
  • Separate bias can be used for each of the U and V channels. Otherwise, the steps of such an embodiment would be similar to those shown in FIG. 2.
  • Another aspect of the invention is use of a logarithmic representation to benefit image coding. It has been discovered that logarithmic coding, when feasible, can improve coding efficiency for YUV color space representations of images originally represented as linear RGB pixel values (such as at the sensor of a camera). At other processing steps, a conversion to and from linear representations can be beneficial.
  • Wr, Wg, and Wb are the linear weightings for the red, green, and blue components of luminance, and where R, G, and B represent a linear light space.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an illustrative method (which may be computer implemented) for logarithmic coding of luminance and chroma information:
  • Step 301 In an image compression system, perform the following transformation on input (e.g., directly from a video camera) linear R, G, and B pixel values:
  • Wr, Wg, and Wb are the linear weightings for the red, green, and blue components of luminance.
  • Step 302 Optionally, reduce the resolution of the U and V chroma channels (as described above).
  • Step 303 Perform motion-compensated compression on this Y, U, and V representation of the moving image.
  • Step 304 Decompress the compressed images to restore Y, U, and V color components of the moving image (usually in a different computer).
  • Step 305 If optional Step 302 was applied, reverse the resolution reduction to restore full U and V resolution.
  • Step 306 Restore the linear R, G, and B pixel values using the following transformation:
  • Step 307 Optionally, convert to other video RGB representations (alternatively, may be done in lieu of Step 306 rather than in addition to Step 306 ).
  • UV wavelengths Beyond the visible colors, invisible infrared wavelengths have proven useful in penetrating clouds and haze, and in seeing in the dark. Ultraviolet wavelengths can also be useful for seeing low-amplitude visible image details, such as fingerprints and surface coatings.
  • additional chroma channels are added to the channels encoding three primary wavelengths, typically embodied by RGB or YUV representations.
  • RGB or YUV representations typically embodied by RGB or YUV representations.
  • the green visible channel might be coded using its own chroma channel, with luminance moving to other wavelength regions. This concept can be extended to where Y luminance is infrared, with red, green, and blue (and perhaps other visible and non-visible primaries) each having their own chroma channels.
  • the determination in 1) is based upon the correlation of each coded channel with other channels.
  • ultraviolet or far-infrared wavelength images may be relatively uncorrelated to visible wavelengths, or to each other. In such a case, these channels might be coded without reference to other channels. However, any visible wavelengths are highly correlated, and thus can almost always benefit from being coded with respect to each other.
  • a set of image channels can be selected, usually exceeding (or replacing and exceeding) the three primary channels (e.g., YUV).
  • the set of selected image channels may comprise a Y′ luminance channel, and n chroma channels, such as a U′ first chroma channel, a V′ second chroma channel, and an X′ third chroma channel.
  • Y′ would be coded with full resolution, and the various other chroma channels (U′, V′, X′) would be differentially or independently coded. All channels can utilize the same motion vector and macroblock motion compensation structure as would be used for conventional YUV representations, except that there would be additional channels. Each such channel would utilize an appropriate resolution with respect to Y (as determined in step 2 above).
  • a QP bias (as described above) can be independently applied to each chroma channel, to ensure that the desired compression chroma quality is achieved.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an illustrative method (which may be computer implemented) for coding additional chroma channels in an image compression system:
  • Step 401 In an image compression system, determine an optimal luminance representation for an image, selected based upon widest dynamic range and highest resolution, including optional non-visible wavelength image signals.
  • Step 402 Determine n additional chroma channels to represent the image, where n is at least three.
  • Step 403 For each chroma channel, determine whether it is beneficial to code differentially with respect to luminance and/or one or more other chroma channels.
  • Step 404 Determine the resolution desired for each chroma channel image signal from an input with respect to the luminance image signal, such resolution being equal to or less than the resolution of the luminance, and optionally apply a resolution reduction.
  • Step 405 Compress the Y+n chroma image signals using motion compensated compression.
  • Step 406 Decompress the Y+n chroma images (usually in a different computer).
  • Step 407 If resolution reduction was applied, restore the original resolutions of the chroma channels.
  • Step 408 Combine each chroma channel with its differential counterpart, if any, from Step 403 above.
  • Step 409 Optionally, perform any of the following:
  • a) Convert the chroma channels to a viewing space, such as RGB, or to spaces having more than three primaries, and view as a true-color image;
  • each chroma channel may have a biased QP value applied (either increasing or decreasing), relative to the QP value used for the luminance channel, to achieve a desired level of quality for each chroma channel (i.e., trading off chroma noise versus higher degree of compression).
  • the invention may be implemented in hardware or software, or a combination of both (e.g., programmable logic arrays). Unless otherwise specified, the algorithms included as part of the invention are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. In particular, various general purpose machines may be used with programs written in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may be more convenient to construct more specialized apparatus (e.g., integrated circuits) to perform particular functions. Thus, the invention may be implemented in one or more computer programs executing on one or more programmable computer systems each comprising at least one processor, at least one data storage system (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device or port, and at least one output device or port. Program code is applied to input data to perform the functions described herein and generate output information. The output information is applied to one or more output devices, in known fashion.
  • Program code is applied to input data to perform the functions described herein and generate output information.
  • the output information is applied to one or more output devices, in known fashion.
  • Each such program may be implemented in any desired computer language (including machine, assembly, or high level procedural, logical, or object oriented programming languages) to communicate with a computer system.
  • the language may be a compiled or interpreted language.
  • Each such computer program is preferably stored on or downloaded to a storage media or device (e.g., solid state memory or media, or magnetic or optical media) readable by a general or special purpose programmable computer, for configuring and operating the computer when the storage media or device is read by the computer system to perform the procedures described herein.
  • a storage media or device e.g., solid state memory or media, or magnetic or optical media
  • the inventive system may also be considered to be implemented as a computer-readable storage medium, configured with a computer program, where the storage medium so configured causes a computer system to operate in a specific and predefined manner to perform the functions described herein.

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US09/905,039 2001-07-12 2001-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information Abandoned US20030112863A1 (en)

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US09/905,039 US20030112863A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2001-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
SG2012036398A SG193680A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
EP12160438A EP2493181A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Methods for improving compressed image chroma information
EP12161238A EP2493182A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Systems for improving compressed image chroma information
EP12161246A EP2493184A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Systems for improving compressed image chroma information
JP2003512824A JP2004535126A (ja) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
EP02747000A EP1405515A4 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING CHROMA INFORMATION IN COMPRESSED PICTURES
AT10007124T ATE557530T1 (de) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Verfahrung und vorrichtung zur verbesserung von komprimierten bild-chroma daten
SG2013037478A SG2013037478A (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
AU2002316676A AU2002316676B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
CA002452506A CA2452506C (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
PCT/US2002/022205 WO2003007126A2 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
EP13180372.8A EP2698991A3 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Methods for improving compression of image chroma information using reduced resolution and luma biased chroma quantization parameters
KR10-2004-7000367A KR20040018444A (ko) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 압축 화상 크로마 정보를 개선하는 방법 및 시스템
EP12160431A EP2493178A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Methods for improving compression of image chroma information using chroma quantization parameters as side information
SG200601486-4A SG143069A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
EP12161251A EP2493185A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Systems for improving compressed image chroma information
MXPA04000295A MXPA04000295A (es) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Metodo y sistema para mejorar la informacion cromatica de imagen comprimida.
SG2013037486A SG2013037486A (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
CA002621107A CA2621107A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
EP10007124A EP2239943B1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
EP12161242A EP2493183A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Encoder and decoder for improving compressed image chroma information
EP12160433A EP2493179A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method for improving compressed image chroma information
CNB028137922A CN1250003C (zh) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 用于改善压缩图像色度信息的方法和系统
EP12160436A EP2493180A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Methods for improving compressed image chroma information
EP08075656A EP1988712A3 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
ES10007124T ES2386872T3 (es) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Método y sistema para mejorar la información de crominancia de un imagen comprimida
SG10201508768WA SG10201508768WA (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
SG200805819-0A SG158784A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
EP12161254A EP2493186A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2002-07-12 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information including extended quantization parameter range function
US12/176,267 US7961784B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2008-07-18 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
JP2008206699A JP5178389B2 (ja) 2001-07-12 2008-08-11 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
US12/913,045 US9497471B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2010-10-27 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
JP2010269367A JP5506645B2 (ja) 2001-07-12 2010-12-02 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
HK11102212.5A HK1148152B (en) 2001-07-12 2011-03-04 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US13/197,211 US9584816B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2011-08-03 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US13/197,248 US9578341B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2011-08-03 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US13/197,281 US8737466B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2011-08-03 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US13/272,316 US9986249B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2011-10-13 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US13/325,773 US10504205B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2011-12-14 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US13/325,695 US10297008B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2011-12-14 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
JP2012285984A JP5506902B2 (ja) 2001-07-12 2012-12-27 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
JP2012285993A JP5506904B2 (ja) 2001-07-12 2012-12-27 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
JP2012286013A JP5506905B2 (ja) 2001-07-12 2012-12-27 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
JP2012285999A JP2013093885A (ja) 2001-07-12 2012-12-27 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
JP2012285987A JP5506903B2 (ja) 2001-07-12 2012-12-27 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
JP2012286007A JP2013093887A (ja) 2001-07-12 2012-12-27 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
JP2012286002A JP2013093886A (ja) 2001-07-12 2012-12-27 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
JP2012285980A JP5506901B2 (ja) 2001-07-12 2012-12-27 圧縮画像クロマ情報を改良するための方法およびシステム
IN3189DEN2014 IN2014DN03189A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2001-07-12 2014-04-22
US14/827,731 US10110908B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2015-08-17 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US14/827,830 US10158865B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2015-08-17 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US16/442,089 US11315216B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2019-06-14 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information

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US13/325,773 Active 2026-05-02 US10504205B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2011-12-14 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US13/325,695 Active 2025-11-07 US10297008B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2011-12-14 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US14/827,731 Expired - Fee Related US10110908B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2015-08-17 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
US14/827,830 Expired - Fee Related US10158865B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2015-08-17 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
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US13/197,211 Expired - Fee Related US9584816B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2011-08-03 Method and system for improving compressed image chroma information
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