TWI757055B - 酚樹脂發泡體積層板及複合板 - Google Patents
酚樹脂發泡體積層板及複合板 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI757055B TWI757055B TW110101725A TW110101725A TWI757055B TW I757055 B TWI757055 B TW I757055B TW 110101725 A TW110101725 A TW 110101725A TW 110101725 A TW110101725 A TW 110101725A TW I757055 B TWI757055 B TW I757055B
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- Prior art keywords
- phenol resin
- less
- mass
- hcfo
- resin foamed
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- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 244
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 58
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 75
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 33
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 28
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 19
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 16
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- -1 alicyclic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)Cl ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 6
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1OC1CCCC1 JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011134 resol-type phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000752 ionisation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXQGCWUGDFDQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-Hydroxyethylbenzene Natural products CCC1=CC=CC=C1O IXQGCWUGDFDQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- CQRYARSYNCAZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1O CQRYARSYNCAZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HFFLGKNGCAIQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetaldehyde Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C=O HFFLGKNGCAIQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\C(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNWJILFKWURCIR-UPHRSURJSA-N (e)-1-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C(Cl)=C/C(F)(F)F PNWJILFKWURCIR-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZHJBJVPTRJNNIK-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(\Cl)=C\Cl ZHJBJVPTRJNNIK-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDPWRLVSJWKGPJ-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound Cl\C=C(/F)C(F)(F)F GDPWRLVSJWKGPJ-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVMVAHSMKGITAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoropent-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CVMVAHSMKGITAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSSVZVNYQIGOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl QSSVZVNYQIGOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=CC(F)(F)F QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISCYUDAHBJMFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C(Cl)Cl ISCYUDAHBJMFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGUQBEGFRUTZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,2,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FCC(F)=C(F)Cl FGUQBEGFRUTZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEXCLMKCCLUUKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)C=C(F)Cl SEXCLMKCCLUUKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USCSECLOSDIOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)=CCl USCSECLOSDIOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZHLPWNZCJEPJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-methylbutane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCl CZHLPWNZCJEPJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCCCCl VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropentane Chemical compound CCCCCCl SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAOGXBHBKZGVGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trichloro-3-fluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)=C IAOGXBHBKZGVGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAPGBTZUBKUKOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(Cl)=C IAPGBTZUBKUKOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZTWWVBZLLQHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FCC(Cl)=C(F)F UZTWWVBZLLQHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEFKUHVUFVKRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound ClC(=CF)C(F)F IEFKUHVUFVKRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFIDRWZHRKKSAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(Cl)C=C(F)F FFIDRWZHRKKSAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAHVVXPNJLRMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,2,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC=C(F)C(F)Cl UAHVVXPNJLRMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTOPKRLXDFCFGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)Cl VTOPKRLXDFCFGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明之酚樹脂發泡體積層板10中,於酚樹脂發泡體1之一面及該面之背面之至少一面上配置面材2。酚樹脂發泡體1之密度為22 kg/m3
以上50 kg/m3
以下,氣泡直徑為50 μm以上170 μm以下,獨立氣泡率為80%以上。於將HCFO-1224yd(Z)、碳數6以下之脂肪族烴、碳數5以下之氯化飽和烴及氫氟烯烴設為氣體成分時,酚樹脂發泡體僅含有HCFO-1224yd(Z)作為氣體成分。氣泡之微胞內壓為0.20 atm以上。
Description
本發明係關於一種酚樹脂發泡體積層板。
於發泡塑膠系隔熱材料之中,酚樹脂發泡體具有較高之隔熱性、阻燃性及耐熱性,尤其是為了賦予施工時之操作容易性,已知有一種酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其表面直接積層有面材。
隨著近來建築物之隔熱需求提高,而要求酚樹脂發泡體積層板進一步高隔熱化,且要求一種將作為發泡劑之具有尤低熱導率之HCFO-1224yd(Z)(化學名:(Z)-1-氯-2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯)應用於酚樹脂發泡體積層板的技術。
據專利文獻1中所示,可將HCFO-1224yd(Z)與其他發泡劑組合用於酚樹脂發泡體。
據專利文獻2中所示,藉由於相同之熱固性樹脂之聚胺酯發泡體中使用HCFO-1224yd(Z),可使熱導率降低。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]國際公開2019/036049號公報
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2015-105343號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題]
然而,於大多數氫氟烯烴之中,HCFO-1224yd(Z)於可溶酚醛型酚樹脂中之溶解性相對較低,進而,與2-氯丙烷或環戊烷等發泡劑相比,每單位物量之體積較大,因此存在不易分散於可溶酚醛型酚樹脂中之問題。
若欲使必需莫耳量之HCFO-1224yd(Z)分散於可溶酚醛型酚樹脂中,則存在如下問題,即,該分散耗費時間,而且分散不充分,於此狀態下只好以發泡性酚樹脂組合物之形式噴出至面材上。進而,與HCFO-1233zd(E)或HFO-1336mzz(Z)相比,HCFO-1224yd(Z)之沸點較低,因此若依舊為分散不充分之狀態,則HCFO-1224yd(Z)易於可溶酚醛型酚樹脂之硬化前解吸。結果HCFO-1224yd(Z)於酚樹脂中之含量變少,由此可知,若提高發泡倍率,則不易獲得充分之微胞內壓。
因此可知,若欲將HCFO-1224yd(Z)應用於酚樹脂中,則無法獲得與製造步驟中之硬化收縮對抗之內壓,酚樹脂發泡體部分較積層於表面之面材更易收縮。伴隨此,面材易產生褶皺,而不易獲得作為酚樹脂發泡體積層板之充分平滑性,此為HCFO-1224yd(Z)特有之問題。
若面材產生褶皺,則酚樹脂發泡體積層板之面材表面之平滑性受損,施工性變差。因此,要求應用有HCFO-1224yd(Z)之酚樹脂發泡體積層板兼顧高隔熱化與褶皺之抑制。
本發明人等發現,以高壓力使HCFO-1224yd(Z)存在於酚樹脂發泡體積層板之氣泡內,即,以目標量且更均勻地使每單位物量之體積較大之HCFO-1224yd(Z)分散於酚樹脂中之方法,從而解決上述問題。
[解決問題之技術手段]
即,本發明如以下所示。
[1]
一種酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其特徵在於:其係於酚樹脂發泡體之一面及該面之背面之至少一面上配置有面材者,上述酚樹脂發泡體之密度為22 kg/m3
以上50 kg/m3
以下,氣泡直徑為50 μm以上170 μm以下,獨立氣泡率為80%以上,且於將HCFO-1224yd(Z)、碳數6以下之脂肪族烴、碳數5以下之氯化飽和烴及氫氟烯烴設為氣體成分時,上述酚樹脂發泡體僅含有HCFO-1224yd(Z)作為上述氣體成分,氣泡之微胞內壓為0.20 atm以上。
[2]
一種酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其特徵在於:其係酚樹脂發泡體之一面及該面之背面之至少一面上配置有面材者,上述酚樹脂發泡體之密度為22 kg/m3
以上50 kg/m3
以下,氣泡直徑為50 μm以上170 μm以下,獨立氣泡率為80%以上,且上述酚樹脂發泡體含有HCFO-1224yd(Z)及選自碳數6以下之脂肪族烴、碳數5以下之氯化飽和烴、氫氟烯烴中之至少一種氣體成分,且相對於上述氣體成分之合計量,20質量%以上為HCFO-1224yd(Z),氣泡之微胞內壓為0.20 atm以上。
[3]
如[1]或[2]記載之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其中上述微胞內壓為0.26 atm以上。
[4]
如[1]至[3]中任一項記載之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其表層部之壓縮彈性模數為4.9 MPa以上。
[5]
如[1]至[4]中任一項記載之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其中上述酚樹脂發泡體含有3.0 vol%以下之空氣。
[6]
如[1]至[5]中任一項記載之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其於23℃下之熱導率為0.0180 W/(m・K)以下。
[7]
如[1]至[5]中任一項記載之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其於23℃下之熱導率為0.0159 W/(m・K)以下。
[8]
如[1]至[7]中任一項記載之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其於10℃下之熱導率為0.0164 W/(m・K)以下。
[9]
一種複合板,其係使如[1]至[8]中任一項記載之酚樹脂發泡體積層板與外部構件積層而成。
[發明之效果]
根據本發明,可提供一種具有高隔熱性能,且面材之褶皺較少而面材表面上之平滑性良好之高性能之酚樹脂發泡體積層板。
以下,對用以實施本發明之形態(以下稱為「本實施方式」)詳細地說明。
本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體積層板係於酚樹脂發泡體之上下表面之至少一面上配置有面材者,且配置有面材之面之表面平滑性為0.80 mm以下。再者,表面平滑性較佳為0.70 mm以下,更佳為0.50 mm以下,進而較佳為0.41 mm以下,尤佳為0.37 mm以下,最佳為0.33 mm以下。若表面平滑性為0.80 mm以下,則表面之起伏較少,易獲得充分之施工性。
圖1係本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體積層板之立體圖。如圖1所示,酚樹脂發泡體積層板10包含酚樹脂發泡體1及可撓性面材2。可撓性面材2係貼合於作為芯材之板狀酚樹脂發泡體1之6面中之1面及該面之背側面之至少一面上,但一般而言,可撓性面材2係貼合於酚樹脂發泡體1之主面上。主面係指最寬之面。於本實施方式中,可撓性面材2係兩主面上均貼合有可撓性面材2。可撓性面材2大多藉由使構成酚樹脂發泡體1之樹脂之一部分含浸於面材2而貼合。
本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體積層板以如下方式製造:例如向於「酚樹脂」中添加界面活性劑而成之「酚樹脂組合物」中進而添加發泡劑、含有有機酸之硬化觸媒,將賦予有發泡性及硬化性之「發泡性酚樹脂組合物」添加於混合機中並加以混合後,自混合器將「發泡性酚樹脂組合物」噴出至面材上,於加熱下使之進行發泡、硬化。
作為酚樹脂,使用可溶酚醛型酚樹脂,其係於鹼金屬氫氧化物或鹼土類金屬氫氧化物之存在下使酚類與醛類於40~100℃之溫度範圍內進行加熱合成而獲得。酚類與醛類之使用莫耳比較佳為1:1至1:4.5之範圍內,更佳為1:1.5至1:2.5之範圍內。
作為合成酚樹脂時較佳使用之酚類,除苯酚以外,還可列舉:間苯二酚、鄰苯二酚、鄰甲酚、間甲酚及對甲酚、二甲苯酚類、乙基苯酚類、對第三丁基苯酚等。又,亦可使用雙核酚類。
又,作為合成酚樹脂時較佳使用之醛類,除甲醛以外,還可列舉:乙二醛、乙醛、三氯乙醛、糠醛、苯甲醛等,又,亦可使用其等之衍生物。
於可溶酚醛型酚樹脂之合成時或合成後,亦可視需要添加脲、雙氰胺或三聚氰胺等添加劑。於添加脲之情形時,較佳為將預先經鹼觸媒羥甲基化之脲混合於可溶酚醛型酚樹脂中。
合成後之可溶酚醛型酚樹脂通常包含過量之水分,因此進行脫水操作以使黏度適於發泡。
酚樹脂中之水分率較佳為2.0質量%以上20質量%以下,更佳為2.0質量%以上15質量%以下,進而較佳為2.0質量%以上9.0質量%以下,尤佳為3.0質量%以上8.0質量%以下,最佳為3.0質量%以上7.0質量%以下。為了使酚樹脂中所包含之水分率未達2.0質量%,於脫水時會耗費非常多之能量及時間,因此就生產性之觀點而言,較佳為2.0質量%以上,就使HCFO-1224yd(Z)充分分散之觀點而言,較佳為20質量%以下。
亦可向酚樹脂中添加各種添加劑,例如脂肪族烴或高沸點之脂環烴或者其等之混合物;乙二醇、二乙二醇等黏度調整用之稀釋劑;其他視需要之苯二甲酸系化合物等。酚樹脂及酚樹脂組合物於40℃下之黏度較佳為5,000 mPa・s以上25,000 mPa・s以下。
作為添加於酚樹脂中之界面活性劑,非離子系界面活性劑有效果,例如較佳為作為環氧乙烷與環氧丙烷之共聚物之環氧烷;環氧烷與蓖麻油之縮合物;環氧烷與壬基苯酚、十二烷基苯酚之類之烷基苯酚之縮合產物;烷基醚部分之碳數為14~22之聚氧乙烯烷基醚,進而較佳為聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯等脂肪酸酯類;作為聚二甲基矽氧烷、二甲基聚矽氧烷與聚醚之嵌段共聚物等之矽酮系化合物;多元醇類等。該等界面活性劑可單獨使用,亦可將2種以上組合來使用。
界面活性劑之使用量相對於酚樹脂100質量份,較佳為0.3質量份以上10質量份以下。
酚樹脂組合物於即將與發泡劑混合之前之步驟中,較佳為於15~40℃、25~50 kPa abs之減壓環境下保管1小時以上,更佳為保管2小時以上。只要為上述範圍內,則可避免水之沸騰並且進行脫泡,而可將攪拌酚樹脂時混入之空氣去除。藉此,可減少內包於氣泡內之空氣,而使熱導率降低。
與直接混合於酚樹脂中之界面活性劑不同,較佳為將已與發泡劑混合之界面活性劑混合於酚樹脂組合物中。
與發泡劑混合之界面活性劑較佳為HLB(Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance,親水性-親油性均衡)為14以下。又,其添加量較佳為直接混合於酚樹脂之界面活性劑之70質量%以下,且相對於發泡劑100質量份,為1份以上。若為上述範圍內,則藉由自W/O乳液向O/W乳液之轉相乳化,易獲得微細且均勻之分散狀態,因此HCFO-1224yd(Z)之解吸得到抑制,可使內壓增大。又,由於因發泡劑之凝聚而產生之孔隙得到抑制,故可使之後製造之酚樹脂發泡體之表層部之壓縮彈性模數增大。
本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體含有發泡劑,發泡劑中之20質量%以上為HCFO-1224yd(Z),較佳為40質量%以上,更佳為50質量%以上,進而較佳為64質量%以上,最佳為72質量%以上。
HCFO之中,HCFO-1224yd(Z)之熱導率較低,因此發泡劑中之HCFO-1224yd(Z)之成分比會影響隔熱性能。又,HCFO之中,HCFO-1224yd(Z)於酚樹脂中之溶解性較低,因此會提高發泡體之疏水性,而不易因水而發生樹脂之反應率降低。因此,若發泡劑中之20質量%以上為HCFO-1224yd(Z),則隔熱性能提昇,表層部之壓縮彈性模數提昇。
進而,作為發泡劑,可將HCFO-1224yd(Z)與其他氫氟烯烴、烴及氯化烴一起加以組合。
作為烴,較佳為碳數為3~7之環狀或鏈狀之烷烴、烯烴、炔烴,具體而言,可列舉:正丁烷、異丁烷、環丁烷、正戊烷、異戊烷、環戊烷、新戊烷、正己烷、異己烷、2,2-二甲基丁烷、2,3-二甲基丁烷、環己烷等。其中,適宜使用正戊烷、異戊烷、環戊烷、新戊烷等戊烷類及正丁烷、異丁烷、環丁烷等丁烷類。
其他氫氟烯烴包含氯化氫氟烯烴及非氯化氫氟烯烴。
作為氯化氫氟烯烴,可列舉:1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zd,例如作為E體(HCFO-1233zd(E))之Honeywell股份有限公司製造,產品名:Solstice(商標)LBA)、1,1,2-三氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1213xa)、1,2-二氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1223xd)、1,1-二氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1223za)、1-氯-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HCFO-1224zb)、2,3,3-三氯-3-氟丙烯(HCFO-1231xf)、2,3-二氯-3,3-二氟丙烯(HCFO-1232xf)、2-氯-1,1,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xc)、2-氯-1,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xe)、2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)、1-氯-1,2,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233yb)、3-氯-1,1,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233yc)、1-氯-2,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233yd)、3-氯-1,2,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233ye)、3-氯-2,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233yf)、1-氯-1,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zb)、1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zd)等,可使用其等之立體組態異構物即E體或Z體之一者或混合物。進而,還可列舉(E)-1-氯-2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HCFO-1224yd(E))。
作為非氯化氫氟烯烴,可列舉:1,3,3,3-四氟丙-1-烯(HFO-1234ze,例如作為E體(HFO-1234ze(E))之Honeywell股份有限公司製造,產品名:Solstice(商標)ze)、1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯(HFO-1336mzz,例如作為Z體(HFO-1336mzz(Z))之Chemours股份有限公司製造,Opteon(商標)1100)、2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯(HFO-1234yf)、1,1,3,3,3-五氟丙烯(HFO-1225zc)、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze)、3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HFO-1243zf)、1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-八氟-2-戊烯(HFO-1438mzz)等,可使用其等之立體組態異構物即E體或Z體之一者或混合物。
作為氯化烴,可較佳地利用碳數為2~5之直鏈狀或支鏈狀之氯化脂肪族烴。所鍵結之氯原子之個數較佳為1~4,例如可列舉:二氯乙烷、1-氯丙烷(Propyl chloride)、2-氯丙烷、氯丁烷、氯異丁烷、氯戊烷、氯異戊烷等。其中,可更佳地使用作為氯丙烷之1-氯丙烷(Propyl chloride)、2-氯丙烷。
再者,HCFO-1224yd(Z)可單獨使用,亦可與上述發泡劑之1種以上組合。作為與HCFO-1224yd(Z)組合之發泡劑,較佳為HCFO-1233zd(E)、環戊烷、異戊烷、2-氯丙烷,更佳為環戊烷、異戊烷,進而較佳為環戊烷。該等發泡劑之沸點高於HCFO-1224yd(Z),且與其他發泡劑相比,不易對HCFO-1224yd(Z)之分散狀態產生影響,故易抑制使用HCFO-1224yd(Z)時之內壓降低。
於將HCFO-1224yd(Z)、碳數6以下之脂肪族烴、碳數5以下之氯化飽和烴及氫氟烯烴設為氣體成分時,本實施方式之其他酚樹脂發泡體僅含有HCFO-1224yd(Z)作為上述氣體成分。
此處,氣體成分係指利用GC/MS(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,氣相層析-質譜法)對酚樹脂發泡體所分析到的HCFO-1224yd(Z)、碳數6以下之脂肪族烴、碳數5以下之氯化飽和烴及氫氟烯烴。
於將HCFO-1224yd(Z)混合於酚樹脂組合物中時,較佳為於加壓下進行,且在與硬化觸媒混合之前於30~55℃下進行預混練。藉由於加壓下進行,而即便提昇了溫度,亦可使HCFO-1224yd(Z)以液體之形式分散。
藉由於30℃以上之溫度下進行混練,可提昇HCFO-1224yd(Z)於酚樹脂中之溶解性,並且可降低作為酚樹脂組合物之黏度。藉此,可在與硬化觸媒混合之前預先形成分散狀態,易抑制HCFO-1224yd(Z)之飛散,而使內壓增大。另一方面,若超過55℃,則有與硬化觸媒混合時不易冷卻,易產生HCFO-1224yd(Z)之飛散,導致內壓易於發生降低之傾向。
於本實施方式中,製造酚樹脂發泡體積層板時可進而使用發泡成核劑。作為發泡成核劑,可添加如氮氣、氦氣、氬氣等沸點較發泡劑低50℃以上之低沸點物質的氣體發泡成核劑。又,亦可添加氫氧化鋁粉、氧化鋁粉、碳酸鈣粉、滑石、高嶺土(kaolin)、矽石粉、矽砂、雲母、矽酸鈣粉、矽灰石、玻璃粉、玻璃珠、飛灰、氧化矽灰、石膏粉、硼砂、渣粉、氧化鋁水泥、波特蘭水泥等無機粉及如酚樹脂發泡體之粉碎粉之有機粉等固體發泡成核劑。其等可單獨使用,亦可不區分氣體及固體,將2種以上組合來使用。發泡成核劑之添加時點可任意決定,只要供給於對發泡性酚樹脂組合物進行混合之混合機內即可。
關於氣體發泡成核劑相對於發泡劑之添加量,以發泡劑之量作為100質量%,較佳為0.1質量%以上1.0質量%以下,更佳為0.1質量%以上0.5質量%以下。又,相對於與酚樹脂及界面活性劑之合計100質量份,固體發泡成核劑之添加量較佳為3.0質量份以上10.0質量份以下,更佳為4.0質量份以上8.0質量份以下。
作為添加於酚樹脂組合物中之硬化觸媒,較佳為使用包含有機酸作為酸成分者。作為有機酸,較佳為芳基磺酸或其等之酸酐。作為芳基磺酸及其酸酐,可列舉:甲苯磺酸、二甲苯磺酸、苯酚磺酸、取代苯酚磺酸、二甲苯酚磺酸、取代二甲苯酚磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、苯磺酸、萘磺酸等及其等之酸酐。其等可使用一種,亦可將兩種以上組合。再者,於本實施方式中,作為硬化助劑,亦可添加間苯二酚、甲酚、柳醇(鄰羥甲基苯酚)、對羥甲基苯酚等。又,該等硬化劑可利用乙二醇、二乙二醇等溶劑進行稀釋。
硬化觸媒之使用量根據其種類而有所不同,於使用對甲苯磺酸一水合物60質量%與二乙二醇40質量%之混合物的情形時,相對於酚樹脂與界面活性劑之合計100質量份,較佳為以8質量份以上20質量份以下使用,更佳為以10質量份以上15質量份以下使用。
再者,發泡性酚樹脂組合物中所包含之界面活性劑、發泡劑可預先添加於酚樹脂中,亦可與硬化觸媒同時添加於酚樹脂中。
本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體中,發泡劑成分之微胞內壓為0.20 atm(20.3 kPa)以上。較佳為0.23 atm(23.3 kPa)以上,更佳為0.26 atm(26.3 kPa)以上,進而較佳為0.30 atm(30.4 kPa),最佳為0.35 atm(35.5 kPa)以上。再者,微胞內壓係指酚樹脂發泡體之氣泡內壓。發泡劑成分之微胞內壓會對發泡體內部之收縮力、或相對於混合存在於氣泡內之氮氣或氧氣之氣體比率起作用。為了提高製品之強度,對酚樹脂發泡體積層板進行加熱以使之硬化,但由於在硬化中由高溫所致之樹脂之軟化與由硬化所致之收縮會同時進行,故若微胞內壓較低,則酚樹脂發泡體會發生收縮,而使得配置於表面之面材易產生褶皺。若發泡劑成分之微胞內壓為0.20 atm(20.3 kPa)以上,則發泡體內部之收縮力得到緩和,褶皺之產生得到抑制,表面平滑性提昇。進而,混合存在之氧氣或氮氣之存在比率變小,因此隔熱性能改善。
為了提高發泡劑成分之微胞內壓,只要抑制由溫度上升所致之發泡劑之體積增大,作為替代使殘留於氣泡內之發泡劑物量增加,可獲得所需之發泡體密度即可。具體而言,第一,一面添加較多之發泡劑一面抑制發泡劑之解吸以提高發泡劑之殘留率,並且,第二,使發泡性酚樹脂組合物之溫度降低,抑制發泡劑之每單位物量之蒸氣壓,藉此可提高發泡劑成分之微胞內壓。
作為抑制發泡劑之解吸之方法,可列舉如下方法,即,使發泡劑均勻地分散於酚樹脂組合物中。尤其是為了使HCFO-1224yd(Z)均勻地分散,可列舉如下方法,即於2個階段之溫度下對發泡性酚樹脂組合物進行攪拌,該方法係將發泡劑與界面活性劑預混練之後,添加至酚樹脂組合物中。
作為使發泡性酚樹脂組合物之溫度降低之方法,可列舉如下方法中之至少任一種方法:使進行正式成形之步驟之溫度降低的方法,該正式成形係進行發泡及硬化反應之主步驟;自上方用面材被覆噴出至面材上之發泡性酚樹脂組合物並使之發泡、硬化,並且延長於進行預成形之步驟中之滯留時間,減小每單位時間之酚樹脂之反應熱的方法;減少用作硬化觸媒之有機酸之添加量的方法;及增大酚樹脂之分子量,降低反應熱的方法。
於本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體中,內包於氣泡內之空氣量較佳為3.0 vol%以下,更佳為2.2 vol%以下,進而較佳為1.5 vol%以下,最佳為0.9 vol%以下。作為降低空氣量之方法,可列舉將酚樹脂組合物於經減壓之槽內進行保管並進行脫泡之方法。空氣會在酚樹脂之送液與攪拌時混入,且由於酚樹脂之黏度較高,故以小泡之形式存在於內部。空氣易成為孔隙之起點,且由於熱導率高於發泡劑,故有使隔熱性能變差之情形。若空氣量為3.0 vol%以下,則相對於發泡劑之存在比之空氣量變小,因此易獲得優異之隔熱性能。
本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體之密度為22 kg/m3
以上50 kg/m3
以下,較佳為22 kg/m3
以上41 kg/m3
以下,更佳為22 kg/m3
以上34 kg/m3
以下。若密度為22 kg/m3
以上,則可確保壓縮強度、彎曲強度等機械強度,而可避免處理發泡體時發生破損。又,若密度為22 kg/m3
以上,則易使表層部之壓縮彈性模數增大。另一方面,若密度為50 kg/m3
以下,則樹脂部之傳熱不易增大,因此可維持隔熱性能。
密度主要可藉由變更如下而調整為所需值,即,發泡劑之比率、發泡性酚樹脂組合物之溫度、將經混合之發泡性酚樹脂組合物噴出至下面材上之步驟中預成形之時點、進而發泡劑之添加量與用作硬化觸媒之有機酸之添加量的比、溫度或滯留時間等硬化條件等。
本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體之平均氣泡直徑為50 μm以上170 μm以下,較佳為50 μm以上150 μm以下,更佳為50 μm以上130 μm,進而較佳為50 μm以上110 μm以下,最佳為50 μm以上100 μm以下。若平均氣泡直徑為50 μm以上,則可避免氣泡壁變得過薄,而抑制由變形所致之強度變差。又,若平均氣泡直徑為170 μm以內,則可抑制由輻射所致之導熱。平均氣泡直徑例如可藉由調整酚樹脂之反應性或溫度;變更發泡成核劑之添加量、發泡劑之添加量與用作硬化觸媒之有機酸之添加量的比;進而變更硬化溫度條件等而調整為所需之值。
本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體之獨立氣泡率為80%以上,較佳為90%以上,更佳為95%以上。若獨立氣泡率為80%以上,則易抑制隔熱性能之降低,該隔熱性能之降低係由在製造時之高溫環境下因壓力提高而酚樹脂發泡體中之發泡劑發生解吸所致。
再者,酚樹脂發泡體之獨立氣泡率例如可藉由調整酚樹脂之反應性或溫度;變更發泡劑之添加量與用作硬化觸媒之有機酸之添加量之比;進而變更硬化條件等而調整為所需值。
本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體中,表層部之壓縮彈性模數較佳為4.9 MPa以上,更佳為5.2 MPa以上,進而較佳為5.5 MPa以上,尤佳為5.8 MPa以上,最佳為6.0 MPa以上。表層部由於具有樹脂密度較高之表層,故有硬化收縮量較內層小之傾向。因此,可獲得如下優點,即表層部之硬化進行會抑制由硬化導致之收縮以及因內層之收縮力而產生之表面收縮。又,表層部係與面材直接相接之部位,因此係決定最終表面平滑性之部位。因此,若表層部之壓縮彈性模數為4.9 MPa以上,則由發泡體收縮導致之面材之褶皺產生得到抑制,表面平滑性提昇。
表層部之壓縮彈性模數會因硬化進行而增大,例如可藉由追加如下條件而增大:於後硬化步驟開始時,於較其後進行之溫度高之溫度下僅加熱5分鐘以上40分鐘以下且後硬化步驟整體之一半以下之時間。又,藉由抑制HCFO-1224yd(Z)成分之解吸,使表層之氣泡結構緻密化,可使表層部之壓縮彈性模數增大。HCFO-1224yd(Z)成分之解吸可藉由使HCFO-1224yd(Z)均勻地分散於酚樹脂組合物中而抑制。
本實施方式中之酚樹脂發泡體於23℃下之熱導率較佳為0.0180 W/(m・K)以下。更佳為0.0174 W/(m・K)以下,進而較佳為0.0164 W/(m・K)以下,最佳為0.0159 W/(m・K)以下。
本實施方式中之酚樹脂發泡體於10℃下之熱導率較佳為0.0164 W/(m・K)以下。更佳為0.0160 W/(m・K)以下,進而較佳為0.0157 W/(m・K)以下,最佳為0.0155 W/(m・K)以下。
熱導率例如可藉由酚樹脂之組成或所含有之空氣量、黏度、發泡劑之種類或比率、氣泡成核劑之比率、硬化條件、發泡條件等來進行調整。
本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體積層板可單獨地使用,除此以外,亦可製成與外部構件積層之複合板而用於各種用途。作為外部構件之例,有板狀材料及片狀、膜狀材料之至少1者以及其組合。作為板狀材料,較佳為普通合板、構造用合板、刨花板、OSB(Oriented Strand board,定向刨花板)等木質系板及木毛水泥板、木片水泥板、石膏板、撓性板、中密度纖維板、矽酸鈣板、矽酸鎂板、火山性玻璃質複層板等。又,作為片狀、膜狀材料,較佳為聚酯不織布、聚丙烯不織布、無機質填充玻璃纖維不織布、玻璃纖維不織布、紙、碳酸鈣紙、聚乙烯加工紙、聚乙烯膜、塑膠系防濕膜、瀝青防水紙、鋁箔(有孔、無孔)。
其次,對上述酚樹脂發泡體積層板之製造方法之詳情進行說明。
作為酚樹脂發泡體積層板之製造方法,可採用具備如下步驟之連續製造方式,即,使用混合機對包含酚樹脂、界面活性劑、發泡劑及含有有機酸之硬化觸媒之發泡性酚樹脂組合物進行混合之步驟;將已混合之發泡性酚樹脂組合物噴出至面材上之步驟;自上方用面材被覆上述噴出至面材上之發泡性酚樹脂組合物並使之發泡、硬化,並且進行預成形之步驟;進行正式成形即進行發泡及硬化反應之主步驟的步驟;及其後進行使酚樹脂組合物中之水分解吸之後硬化的步驟。
作為連續製造方式中於預成形步驟及正式成形步驟中分別進行預成形及正式成形之方法,可視製造目的列舉各種方法,例如利用條板式雙輸送帶之方法、利用金屬輥或鋼板之方法、進而將該等方法複數種加以組合來利用之方法等。其中,例如於利用條板式雙輸送帶進行成形之情形時,可將由上下面材被覆之發泡性酚樹脂組合物連續向條板式雙輸送帶中引導後,一面進行加熱一面自上下方向施加壓力,邊調整為特定之厚度並使上述發泡性酚樹脂組合物發泡及硬化而成形為板狀。
作為配置於酚樹脂發泡體之至少上下表面之面材,使用具有可撓性之面材(可撓性面材)。作為使用之可撓性面材,較佳為使用主成分包含聚酯、聚丙烯、尼龍等之不織布及織布;牛皮紙、玻璃纖維混抄紙、氫氧化鈣紙、氫氧化鋁紙、矽酸鎂紙等紙類;及玻璃纖維不織布之類之無機纖維之不織布等,可將該等加以混合(或積層)而使用。
進行預成形之步驟之加熱調溫條件如下:環境溫度較正式成形步驟低4℃至12℃,且於預成形步驟中之滯留時間為10分鐘以上。藉由於正式成形步驟之前於該條件下進行加熱,可使酚樹脂之反應熱分散,而抑制正式成形步驟中之發泡性酚樹脂組合物之溫度上升,因此可提高發泡劑成分之微胞內壓。若溫度高於較正式成形步驟之溫度低4℃之溫度,則發泡會快速進行,氣泡直徑變大,因此有熱導率變差之傾向。若溫度較正式成形步驟之溫度低超過12℃,或滯留時間未達10分鐘,則無法隨著時間使反應熱充分分散,而於正式成形步驟中,發泡性酚樹脂組合物之溫度過度上升,而導致發泡劑成分之微胞內壓降低,因此面材產生褶皺,表面平滑性易降低。
接著預成形步驟之正式成形步驟之加熱調溫條件較佳為60℃以上80℃以下,更佳為60℃以上75℃以下。於該步驟中,可使用環形鋼帶型雙輸送帶或條板式雙輸送帶或輥等進行正式成形。
正式成形步驟之加熱溫度會對發泡性酚樹脂組合物之溫度起作用,若該溫度較高,則發泡劑成分之微胞內壓易變低。若正式成形步驟之加熱溫度為80℃以下,則發泡劑及水之蒸氣壓得到抑制,微胞內壓易提高。又,若為60℃以上,則酚樹脂之硬化得到促進,因此易抑制發泡劑之解吸。
後硬化步驟係於預成形步驟及正式成形步驟後進行。為了防止發泡體因發泡體內部之水蒸氣而破裂,後硬化步驟之加熱較佳為以兩階段進行,即第一階段中,於140℃以上150℃以下之溫度下僅加熱5分鐘以上40分鐘以內且後硬化步驟整體之一半以下的時間。又,於第二階段中,較佳為於90℃以上120℃以下之溫度下加熱90分鐘以上。若第二階段之溫度超過120℃,則與第一階段同樣地,有發泡體會因發泡體內部之水蒸氣而破裂之傾向,若未達90℃,則有過度耗費使酚樹脂之反應進行所需要之時間的傾向。
[實施例]
以下,藉由實施例及比較例對本發明進一步詳細地說明,但本發明並不限定於其等。
<酚樹脂A之合成>
向反應器中添加3,500 kg之52質量%甲醛水溶液(52質量%福馬林)及2,510 kg之99質量%苯酚(包含水作為雜質),並藉由螺旋槳旋轉式之攪拌機進行攪拌,藉由調溫機將反應器內部液溫度調整為40℃。其次,添加48質量%氫氧化鈉水溶液直至pH值成為8.7後,升溫至85℃,使反應進行。於反應液之奧士華黏度到達120平方毫米每秒(=120 mm2
/s、25℃下之測定值)之階段,將反應液冷卻,並且以酚樹脂中之脲含量成為4.6質量%之方式添加脲。其後,將反應液冷卻至30℃,並添加對甲苯磺酸一水合物之50質量%水溶液直至pH值成為6.3。藉由薄膜蒸發機對所獲得之反應液進行濃縮處理,並利用以下方法對黏度及水分率進行測定。其結果為,獲得了40℃下之黏度為11,500 mPa・s且水分率為8.5%之酚樹脂。將其設為酚樹脂A。
<酚樹脂B之合成>
向反應器中添加3,500 kg之52質量%甲醛水溶液(52質量%福馬林)及2,510 kg之99質量%苯酚(包含水作為雜質),並藉由螺旋槳旋轉式之攪拌機進行攪拌,藉由調溫機將反應器內部液溫度調整為40℃。其次,添加48質量%氫氧化鈉水溶液直至pH值成為8.7後,升溫至85℃,使反應進行。於反應液之奧士華黏度到達80平方毫米每秒(=80 mm2
/s、25℃下之測定值)之階段中,將反應液冷卻,並且以酚樹脂中之脲含量成為4.6質量%之方式添加脲。其後,將反應液冷卻至30℃,並添加對甲苯磺酸一水合物之50質量%水溶液直至pH值成為6.3。藉由薄膜蒸發機對所獲得之反應液進行濃縮處理,並利用以下方法測定黏度及水分率。其結果為,獲得了40℃下之黏度為12,000 mPa・s、水分率為6.9%之酚樹脂。將其設為酚樹脂B。
<酚樹脂之水分率>
酚樹脂原料之水分率
使酚樹脂原料以3質量%至7質量%之範圍溶解於測定過水分量之脫水甲醇(關東化學公司(股)製造)中,自該溶液之水分量中將脫水甲醇中之水分去除,求出酚樹脂原料之水分量。根據所測得之水分量計算出酚樹脂原料之水分率。測定係使用卡氏水分計(京都電子工業公司(股)製造之MKC-510)。水分量之測定中,使用Sigma-Aldrich公司製造之HYDRANAL-Composite 5K作為卡-費試劑,且使用林純藥工業公司製造之HAYASHI-Solvent CE 脫水溶劑(甲酮用)作為卡-費滴定用。又,使用三菱化學公司製造之Aquamicron標準水、甲醇(水分2 mg)作為卡-費試劑之滴定量測定用。測定水分量時,使用裝置內所設定之方法1而求出水分量,又,卡-費試劑之滴定量係使用方法5求出。求出所獲得之水分量相對於酚樹脂原料之質量之比率,將其設為酚樹脂原料之水分率。
<黏度測定>
將使用旋轉黏度計(東機產業公司(股)製造之R-100型、轉子部為3°×R-14)並於40℃下穩定3分鐘後所獲得之測定值設為酚樹脂之黏度。
(實施例1)
<酚樹脂發泡體積層板之製造>
相對於酚樹脂A 100質量份,以2.0質量份之比率混合作為界面活性劑之環氧乙烷-環氧丙烷之嵌段共聚物Pluronic(註冊商標)F-127,藉此獲得酚樹脂組合物。相對於該酚樹脂組合物100質量份,添加12.1質量份之混合物即作為發泡劑之HCFO-1224yd(Z)34質量%、HCFO-1233zd(E)62質量%及異丁烷4質量%之混合物,並於7 bar、40℃環境下進行第1階段之攪拌。繼而,於保持在7 bar以上之狀態下供給至已調溫至15℃之轉速可變式之混合頭。
繼而,相對於酚樹脂組合物100質量份(即,將自混合物中去除發泡劑後之量設為100質量份),向混合頭中投入14質量份之包含二甲苯磺酸80質量%及二乙二醇20質量%之混合物之組合物作為硬化觸媒,並利用混合機進行第2階段之攪拌。混合頭之轉速係設定為450 rpm。利用多通分配管對所獲得之發泡性酚樹脂組合物進行分配,並供給至移動之下面材上。再者,混合機(Mixer)係使用日本專利特開平10-225993號中揭示者。即,使用如下混合機:於該混合機之上部側面存在包含酚樹脂組合物及發泡成核劑之發泡劑之導入口,且於供旋轉子攪拌之攪拌部之中央附近之側面中具備硬化觸媒之導入口。攪拌部以下係與用以噴出發泡性酚樹脂組合物之噴嘴連接。又,關於混合機,將硬化觸媒導入口之前之部分設為混合部(前段),將硬化觸媒導入口~攪拌結束部設為混合部(後段),將攪拌結束部~噴嘴設為分配部,藉由其等而構成混合機。分配部係以於前端具有複數個噴嘴,經混合之發泡性酚樹脂組合物會被均勻分配之方式來設計。此處,混合機及噴嘴可藉由各種調溫水來調節溫度,調溫水溫度均設為25℃。又,於多通分配管之噴出口設置熱電偶以可檢測發泡性酚樹脂組合物之溫度,此時,噴出至面材上之發泡性酚樹脂組合物之溫度為45℃。供給至面材上之發泡性酚樹脂組合物會被導入至預成形步驟中,但此時之預成形步驟之設備溫度係設為74℃。該步驟之滯留時間為11分鐘。再者,預成形係自上面材上方利用自由輥來進行。
繼而,用兩片面材夾住,導入至空間溫度被加熱至79℃之條板式雙輸送帶(正式成形步驟)中。於正式成形步驟中,以11分鐘之滯留時間使其硬化之後,在與移行方向垂直之方向上進行切割,藉此獲得1820 mm長之酚樹脂發泡板中間體。其後,進而於110℃之烘箱中加熱3小時(後硬化步驟),從而獲得酚樹脂發泡板。將預成形、正式成形及後硬化步驟之條件示於表1中。再者,作為面材,上下表面材均使用聚酯不織布(旭化成公司(股)Eltas E05060、單位面積重量60 g/m2
)。
[表1]
預成形步驟溫度 [℃] | 預成形步驟滯留時間 [分鐘] | 正式成形步驟溫度 [℃] | 後硬化步驟之第1階段溫度 [℃] | 後硬化步驟之1階段時間 [分鐘] | 後硬化步驟之第2階段溫度 [℃] | 後硬化步驟之第2階段時間 [分鐘] | |
實施例1 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 無 | 無 | 110 | 180 |
實施例2 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例3 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例4 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例5 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例6 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例7 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例8 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例9 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例10 | 69 | 12 | 74 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例11 | 69 | 12 | 74 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例12 | 62 | 12 | 70 | 140 | 10 | 110 | 180 |
實施例13 | 74 | 11 | 79 | 無 | 無 | 110 | 180 |
比較例1 | 63 | 3 | 79 | 無 | 無 | 110 | 180 |
對於所獲得之酚樹脂發泡體,利用後文中敍述之方法對酚樹脂發泡體之密度、平均氣泡直徑、獨立氣泡率、全厚之壓縮彈性模數、表層部之壓縮彈性模數、發泡劑之種類之鑑定及組成比、發泡劑成分之微胞內壓、含有之空氣量、表面平滑性、熱導率(23℃)及熱導率(10℃)進行測定。將密度、平均氣泡直徑、獨立氣泡率、發泡體之壓縮彈性模數、發泡體表層部之壓縮彈性模數、發泡劑成分之微胞內壓、含有之空氣量、表面平滑性、熱導率(23℃)及熱導率(10℃)之測定結果示於表2。將發泡劑之種類之鑑定及組成比之測定結果示於表3。
[表2]
發泡劑成分之微胞內壓 [atm] | 發泡體之壓縮彈性模數 [MPa] | 發泡體表層部之壓縮彈性模數 [MPa] | 含有之空氣量 [vol%] | 密度 [kg/m3 ] | 平均氣泡直徑 [μm] | 獨立氣泡率 [%] | 熱導率(23℃) [W/(mK)] | 熱導率(10℃) [W/(mK)] | 表面平滑性 [mm] | |
實施例1 | 0.22 | 8.5 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 30.7 | 126 | 84 | 0.0179 | 0.0169 | 0.67 |
實施例2 | 0.22 | 8.5 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 30.7 | 126 | 84 | 0.0179 | 0.0169 | 0.61 |
實施例3 | 0.25 | 9.4 | 5.2 | 3.1 | 30.4 | 115 | 87 | 0.0177 | 0.0166 | 0.57 |
實施例4 | 0.25 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 1.8 | 30.7 | 115 | 87 | 0.0175 | 0.0164 | 0.57 |
實施例5 | 0.22 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 30.8 | 111 | 87 | 0.0173 | 0.0161 | 0.57 |
實施例6 | 0.25 | 8.0 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 30.6 | 115 | 85 | 0.0183 | 0.0172 | 0.49 |
實施例7 | 0.26 | 9.1 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 30.1 | 109 | 90 | 0.0179 | 0.0172 | 0.46 |
實施例8 | 0.31 | 8.7 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 30.5 | 101 | 92 | 0.0177 | 0.0177 | 0.38 |
實施例9 | 0.31 | 9.1 | 5.6 | 1.8 | 30.2 | 99 | 91 | 0.017 | 0.0163 | 0.35 |
實施例10 | 0.36 | 9.3 | 5.6 | 1.8 | 30.3 | 96 | 93 | 0.0169 | 0.0168 | 0.32 |
實施例11 | 0.36 | 9.5 | 5.9 | 1.8 | 30.4 | 95 | 93 | 0.0165 | 0.0156 | 0.30 |
實施例12 | 0.37 | 8.6 | 6.1 | 0.9 | 30.7 | 95 | 95 | 0.0157 | 0.0147 | 0.27 |
實施例13 | 0.22 | 8.5 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 30.4 | 132 | 84 | 0.0179 | 0.0168 | 0.72 |
比較例1 | 0.18 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 30.7 | 153 | 84 | 0.0187 | 0.0175 | 0.82 |
[表3]
原料酚樹脂 | 界面活性劑使用量[份] | 減壓槽保管時間 [小時] | 發泡劑與酚樹脂之預混練 | 與發泡劑混合之界面活性劑之HLB | 與發泡劑混合之界面活性劑[相對於發泡劑之份數] | 硬化觸媒 [份] | 發泡劑 [份] | HCFO-1224yd(Z)比率 [質量%] | 其他發泡劑1 | 其他發泡劑1之比率[質量%] | 其他發泡劑2 | 其他發泡劑2之比率 [質量%] | |
實施例1 | A | 2 | 0 | 有 | - | - | 14 | 12.1 | 34 | HCFO-1233zd(E) | 62 | 異丁烷 | 4 |
實施例2 | A | 2 | 0 | 有 | - | - | 14 | 12.1 | 34 | HCFO-1233zd(E) | 62 | 異丁烷 | 4 |
實施例3 | B | 2 | 0 | 有 | - | - | 14 | 12 | 34 | HCFO-1233zd(E) | 62 | 異丁烷 | 4 |
實施例4 | B | 2 | 1 | 有 | - | - | 14 | 12 | 34 | HCFO-1233zd(E) | 62 | 異丁烷 | 4 |
實施例5 | B | 2 | 1 | 有 | - | - | 14 | 12.3 | 46 | HCFO-1233zd(E) | 50 | 異丁烷 | 4 |
實施例6 | B | 2 | 1 | 有 | - | - | 14 | 9.3 | 46 | 2-氯丙烷 | 50 | 異戊烷 | 4 |
實施例7 | B | 2 | 1 | 有 | - | - | 14 | 8.7 | 46 | 環戊烷 | 54 | - | - |
實施例8 | B | 2 | 1 | 有 | 13.1 | 4 | 14 | 8.7 | 46 | 環戊烷 | 54 | - | - |
實施例9 | B | 2 | 1 | 有 | 13.1 | 4 | 14 | 10.2 | 68 | 環戊烷 | 32 | - | - |
實施例10 | B | 2 | 1 | 有 | 13.1 | 4 | 14 | 11 | 68 | 環戊烷 | 32 | - | - |
實施例11 | B | 2 | 1 | 有 | 13.1 | 4 | 14 | 12.3 | 81 | 環戊烷 | 19 | - | - |
實施例12 | B | 2 | 2 | 有 | 13.1 | 4 | 14 | 15.2 | 100 | - | - | - | - |
實施例13 | A | 2 | 0 | 有 | - | - | 14 | 12.1 | 22 | HCFO-1233zd(E) | 78 | - | - |
比較例1 | A | 2 | 0 | 無 | - | - | 14 | 12.3 | 34 | HCFO-1233zd(E) | 62 | 異丁烷 | 4 |
<酚樹脂發泡體之密度>
將20 cm見方之酚樹脂發泡板作為試樣,依照JIS K7222來測定質量及表觀體積而求出。
<酚樹脂發泡體之平均氣泡直徑>
將酚樹脂發泡板之厚度方向之大致中央以與正面背面平行之方式進行切削而獲得試片,拍攝將該試片之切割面放大50倍後之照片,於所獲得之照片上避開孔隙劃出4條9 cm長(相當於實際之發泡體剖面之1,800 μm)之直線,利用各直線求出依據各直線橫穿過之氣泡數所測得之微胞數,將用1,800 μm除以其等之平均值所獲得之值作為平均氣泡直徑。再者,本方法係參考JIS K6402中所記載之方法。
<酚樹脂發泡體之獨立氣泡率>
於樹脂發泡體之厚度方向中心位置上,使用帶鋸等切割具,於樹脂發泡體之厚度為25 mm以上之情形時切下25 mm見方之立方體以作為試樣。又,於樹脂發泡體之厚度未達25 mm之情形時,切下具有面材去除(於來自面材之纖維體殘存之情形時或存在背面側之面材之情形時)後之厚度,且縱橫均為25 mm之長方體以作為試樣。然後,藉由空氣比較式比重計(1000型、東京科學公司製造)之標準使用方法來測定試樣體積V(cm3
)。關於樹脂發泡體之獨立氣泡率,如下述式所示,係自上述試樣體積V減去根據試樣質量W(g)及構成樹脂發泡體之樹脂組合物之密度ρ所計算出之氣泡壁之體積(W/ρ),用所得之值除以根據試樣之外尺寸所計算出之表觀體積Va(cm3
)所獲得之值,且係依照ASTM D 2856(C法)進行測定。
獨立氣泡率(%)=((V-W/ρ)/Va)×100
<發泡體表層部之壓縮彈性模數>
自實施例及比較例中所獲得之酚樹脂發泡體積層板之最表層切下長100 mm、寬100 mm、厚10 mm之試片,將面材去除後,獲得試片。於試片厚度為10 mm之狀態下,依據JIS K 7220測定10%壓縮強度。壓縮彈性模數係設為於應變0%至降伏點為止之區間根據以下計算式所獲得之值e的最大值。
e=(b2-b1)/{(a2+Δx)-a2}
其中,
b1:a2時之壓縮應力(MPa)
b2:a2+Δx時之壓縮應力(MPa)
a2:任意(但是,小於降伏點時之應變)應變(%)
Δx:0.0001以上0.0002以下之任意應變(%)
通常,壓縮彈性模數之計算係以負荷-變形量曲線中直線關係明確之部分作為對象,但有於苯酚泡沫體中力-變形量曲線並無明確直線部分(曲線自下凸向上凸流暢地變化)之情形,因此將降伏點以前之微小區間中之最大斜率作為壓縮彈性模數。
<發泡體之壓縮彈性模數>
自實施例及比較例中獲得之酚樹脂發泡體積層板切下長100 mm、寬100 mm之試片,將面材去除後,獲得泡沫體之試片。
試片厚度係直接依據JIS K 7220來測定10%壓縮強度。壓縮彈性模數係與上述式同樣地,設為於應變0%至降伏點為止之區間中根據以下計算式所獲得之值的最大值。
e=(b2-b1)/{(a2+Δx)-a2}
其中,
b1:a2時之壓縮應力(MPa)
b2:a2+Δx時之壓縮應力(MPa)
a2:任意(但是,小於降伏點時之應變)應變(%)
Δx:0.0001以上0.0002以下之任意應變(%)
再者,表層部之壓縮彈性模數之測定結果通常成為較全厚之樣品低之值。由於在切下表層部時會成為單面不具有表層之樣品,故請注意評價係以兩者不同為前提。
<酚樹脂發泡體中之發泡劑之種類之鑑定與組成比>
首先,使用氯化氫氟烯烴、非氯化氫氟烯烴、鹵化烴、烴之標準氣體,求出以下GC/MS測定條件下之保持時間。
自實施例及比較例中所獲得之酚樹脂發泡體積層板剝下面材,利用切割機自酚樹脂發泡體切下100 mg試樣。將試樣放入至採樣袋內並利用泵進行脫氣之後,用手搗碎試樣。進而,於在採樣袋中裝有試樣之狀態下,放入至已調溫為81℃之調溫機內10分鐘。採取採樣袋中所產生之氣體100 μL,於以下所示之測定條件下進行GC/MS分析,對酚樹脂發泡體中之發泡劑之種類進行鑑定。
根據GC/MS之分析結果來確認是否存在氫氟烯烴、鹵化烴及烴。氫氟烯烴、鹵化烴及烴之種類根據事前求出之保持時間及質譜來鑑定。另外,藉由各標準氣體來測定所產生之氣體成分之檢測感度,根據利用GC/MS所獲得之各氣體成分之檢測區域面積及檢測感度而算出組成比。根據所鑑定之各氣體成分之組成比及莫耳質量而算出各氣體成分之質量比。
(GC/MS測定條件)
氣相層析儀:安捷倫科技公司製造之「Agilent7890型」
管柱:DB-5MS(0.25 mmϕ×30 m、膜厚1 μm)
載氣:氦氣
流量:1 ml/分
注入口之溫度:150℃
注入方法:分流法(1/10)
試樣之注入量:溶液1 μL(於氣體試樣之情形時使用100 μL之氣密型注射器)
管柱溫度:40℃(5分鐘)之後,以50℃/min升溫至150℃,保持4.8分鐘,質量分析:日本電子股份有限公司製造之「Q1000GC型」
離子化方法:電子離子化法(70 eV)
掃描範圍:m/Z=10~500
電壓:-1300 V
離子源溫度:230℃
介面溫度:150℃
<發泡劑成分之微胞內壓>
以與酚樹脂發泡體之密度之測定相同之方式,將20 cm見方之酚樹脂發泡板作為試樣,並依照JIS K7222對質量及表觀體積進行測定,將以此方式求出之密度設為I(g/m3
)。將酚樹脂之密度設為1.27×106
(g/m3
),求出氣泡體積相對於該試樣體積之比率J、試樣之每單位質量之氣泡體積K(m3
/g)。
J=1-{I/1.27×106
}
K=I-1
×J(m3
/g)
其次,利用切割機自試樣之中心附近切下約0.25 g。萃取試樣中之發泡劑時,使用均質器(ULTRA-TURRAX(註冊商標)TubeDrive、IKA日本股份有限公司)。向裝置所附帶之密封型容器中放入切下之試樣,進而放入10 mL氯仿及12粒粉碎用玻璃球,蓋上蓋子以進行密封。以轉速6000 rpm對試樣進行3分鐘粉碎,對發泡劑進行萃取。利用孔徑0.45 μm之聚四氟乙烯製圓盤濾片對萃取液進行過濾,在與上述相同之條件下進行GC/MS測定。
繼而,根據GC/MS之分析結果,針對所檢測出之發泡劑成分製作相對於各成分之溶液濃度之面積值之校準曲線。對常溫下為液體之發泡劑,製備利用氯仿稀釋成各種濃度之試樣。對常溫下為氣體之發泡劑,於聚氟乙烯製採樣袋(Tedlar(註冊商標)袋)內使用氮氣而製備稀釋成各種濃度之試樣。其後,在與上述相同之條件下進行GC/MS測定。
根據與校準曲線之關係求出發泡劑成分之各質量,並根據所求出之各質量求出試樣每單位質量之各發泡劑成分之物量。將試樣每單位質量之各發泡劑成分之物量之合計設為M(mol/g),將發泡劑成分之氣泡內壓設為P(atm),將標準大氣壓設為101325(Pa),並將之前之氣泡體積K代入至下述式中而求出值。
P=[(M×8.314×273.15)/K]/101325(atm)
<酚樹脂發泡體所含有之空氣量>
步序1.於酚樹脂發泡體積層板之厚度方向中心位置上,使用切割刀,於樹脂發泡體之厚度為20 mm以上之情形時,切下20 mm見方之立方體以作為試樣。又,於樹脂發泡體之厚度未達20 mm之情形時,切下具有面材去除(來自面材之纖維體殘存之情形或存在背面側之面材之情形)後之厚度且縱橫均為20 mm之長方體以作為試樣。對切下之試樣之體積A(單位:L)進行測定。
步序2.向手套箱前室內放入切下之發泡體與粉碎機、粉碎用之玻璃球6個、手套袋、氧氣濃度計、切割刀。
步序3.對手套箱前室進行抽真空以使氧氣濃度成為0.0%。將前室之內容物移至手套箱本體中。
步序4.於手套箱內使用切割刀,於該試樣之厚度方向上動刀並進行十字切割,藉此分割為4等分。
步序5.將分割為4份之所有試樣與6個玻璃球放入至密閉容器中並蓋上蓋子。
步序6.將密閉容器安裝於粉碎機上,於6000 rpm、15分鐘之條件下對試片進行粉碎。
步序7.將密閉容器拆卸,放入至手套袋中,並關閉手套袋。
步序8.利用設置於手套箱內之氣泵將手套箱內之30 L氮氣送入至手套袋中並且進行定量。
步序9.於手套袋內打開密閉容器,並以密閉容器內之氣體充滿手套袋整體之方式靜置。
步序10.將氧氣濃度計與手套袋連接,將此時之空白氧氣濃度記錄為B0。
步序11.繼而,利用氣泵以0.5 L/min抽吸2分鐘,記錄穩定之氧氣濃度。將該值設為氧氣濃度B(ppm)。
步序12.利用以下式求出30 L中之氧量C。
C=30×(B-B0)(單位:L)
步序13.根據以下式求出酚樹脂發泡體中之氧氣濃度D。
D=C/A(單位:vol%)
A:試樣之體積
C:手套袋內之30 L氣體中之氧氣量
D:酚樹脂發泡體中之氧氣濃度
將空氣中之氧氣濃度設為20.95%,苯酚發泡體中之空氣濃度係設為氧氣濃度之4.77倍來計算。
再者,粉碎機使用以下。
IKA Japan公司(股)製造之拋棄式管式乾式粉碎機
<酚樹脂發泡體積層板之熱導率>
依據JIS A 1412-2:1999,對10℃下之熱導率進行測定。具體而言,將酚樹脂發泡體積層板樣品切割成600 mm見方,將試片放入至23±1℃、濕度50±2%之環境中,每隔24小時測定質量之經時變化,進行狀態調節直至經過24小時之質量變化成為0.2質量%以下。經狀態調節之試片係導入至放置在23±1℃、濕度50±2%之環境中之熱導率裝置。
10℃之熱導率係使用1片試樣、對稱構成方式之測定裝置(英弘精機公司、商品名「HC-074/600」)於低溫板0℃高溫板20℃之條件下進行,23℃之熱導率係使用1片試樣、對稱構成方式之測定裝置(英弘精機公司、商品名「HC-074/600」)於低溫板13℃高溫板33℃之條件下進行。
<表面平滑性>
將切割為寬65 cm、長65 cm之任意厚度之酚樹脂發泡體積層板放置於平坦之壓盤上,將中央50 cm見方之表面作為測定對象。於該範圍內,於長度方向上使用雷射位移計以掃描速度1.0 cm/s且橫跨50 cm來進行測定。求出所獲得之50處之高度之最大值與最小值之差。進而改變2次位置來進行測定,將最大值與最小值之差之3次之平均值作為單面之表面平滑性。繼而,將面材翻過來以相同之方式求出另一單面之表面平滑性。將兩面之表面平滑性中較大者作為酚樹脂發泡體積層板之表面平滑性。
再者,長度方向係指以帶狀噴出之發泡性樹脂組合物彼此接合之面(焊接線)所延續的方向。可將於剝下了面材之表面上被視認到之凹陷之痕之延伸方向視為長度方向。或觀察切割面時,中層附近存在色調深之部位,可將該部位於整個相反側之面上連續之方向視為該長度方向。寬度方向係指與長度方向成一列狀之方向。
(實施例2)
於後硬化步驟中,在於110℃之烘箱中硬化3小時之前,於140℃之烘箱中加熱10分鐘,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例3)
將酚樹脂A變更為酚樹脂B,並相對於酚樹脂,將添加之發泡劑設為12質量份,除此以外,以與實施例2相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例4)
將混合界面活性劑後所獲得之酚樹脂組合物於已減壓至30 kPa之槽內保管1小時後,添加發泡劑,除此以外,以與實施例3相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例5)
相對於酚樹脂,將添加之發泡劑設為12.3質量份之HCFO-1224yd(Z)46質量%、HCFO-1233zd(E)50質量%及異丁烷4質量%之混合物,除此以外,以與實施例4相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例6)
相對於酚樹脂,將添加之發泡劑設為9.3質量份之HCFO-1224yd(Z)46質量%、2-氯丙烷50質量%及異戊烷4質量%之混合物,除此以外,以與實施例5相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例7)
相對於酚樹脂,將添加之發泡劑設為8.7質量份之HCFO-1224yd(Z)46質量%與環戊烷54質量%之混合物,除此以外,以與實施例5相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例8)
相對於100質量份之酚樹脂B,以2.0質量份之比率混合作為界面活性劑之環氧乙烷-環氧丙烷之嵌段共聚物Pluronic(註冊商標)F-127,藉此,獲得酚樹脂組合物。將該酚樹脂組合物於已減壓至20 kPa之槽內保管1小時。
向8.7質量份之HCFO-1224yd(Z)46質量%與環戊烷54質量%之混合物中,以相對於發泡劑100質量份為4質量份之比率添加界面活性劑聚氧乙烯壬基苯醚(HLB 13.1),一面利用靜態混合器進行混合一面添加至酚樹脂組合物中。同時,於7 bar、40℃之環境下進行第1階段之攪拌。繼而,於保持在7 bar以上之狀態下進行送液,供給至已調溫至15℃之轉速可變式之混合頭。除該等以外,以與實施例2相同之方式製作酚樹脂組合物,並進行評價。
(實施例9)
相對於酚樹脂,將添加之發泡劑設為10.2質量份之HCFO-1224yd(Z)68質量%與環戊烷32質量%之混合物,除此以外,以與實施例8相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例10)
相對於酚樹脂,將添加之發泡劑設為11質量份,進而,將預成形步驟之溫度設為69℃,將滯留時間設為12分鐘,將正式成形步驟之溫度設為74℃。除其等以外,以與實施例9相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例11)
相對於酚樹脂,將添加之發泡劑設為12.3質量份之HCFO-1224yd(Z)81質量%與環戊烷19質量%之混合物,除此以外,以與實施例10相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例12)
將在已減壓至30 kPa之槽內保管之時間變更為2小時,將向酚樹脂添加之發泡劑設為15.2質量份HCFO-1224yd(Z),進而,將預成形步驟之溫度設為62℃,將滯留時間設為12分鐘,將正式成形步驟之溫度設為70℃。除其等以外,以與實施例10相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(實施例13)
相對於酚樹脂,將添加之發泡劑設為12.1質量份之HCFO-1224yd(Z)22質量%與HCFO-1233zd(E)78質量%之混合物,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
(比較例1)
於實施例1中,不將發泡劑之混合於2階段之溫度下進行,而是與硬化觸媒同時供給至混合頭中。即,相對於酚樹脂A 100質量份,以2.0質量份之比率混合作為界面活性劑之環氧乙烷-環氧丙烷之嵌段共聚物Pluronic(註冊商標)F-127,藉此,獲得酚樹脂組合物。相對於該酚樹脂組合物100質量份,添加12.3質量份之作為發泡劑之混合物即HCFO-1224yd(Z)34質量%、HCFO-1233zd(E)62質量%及異丁烷4質量%之混合物,進而,添加14質量份之作為硬化觸媒之包含二甲苯磺酸80質量%與二乙二醇20質量%之混合物之組合物,供給至已調溫至15℃之轉速可變式之混合頭。又,將預成形步驟之溫度設為63℃,將滯留時間變更為3分鐘,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式製作酚樹脂發泡體積層板,並進行評價。
[產業上之可利用性]
根據本發明,能夠利用抑制了面材之褶皺且兼具有表面平滑性及高熱導率之酚樹脂發泡體積層板。
[相關案之相互參照]
本申請主張2020年1月16日於日本提出專利申請之日本專利特願2020-5370之優先權,且將先前申請之揭示全部內容併入至此處以進行參照。
1:酚樹脂發泡體(芯材)
2:可撓性面材
10:酚樹脂發泡體積層板
圖1係本實施方式之酚樹脂發泡體積層板之立體圖。
1:酚樹脂發泡體(芯材)
2:可撓性面材
10:酚樹脂發泡體積層板
Claims (11)
- 一種酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其特徵在於:其係於酚樹脂發泡體之一面及該面之背面之至少一面上配置有面材者,上述酚樹脂發泡體之密度為22kg/m3以上50kg/m3以下,氣泡直徑為50μm以上170μm以下,獨立氣泡率為80%以上,且於將HCFO-1224yd(Z)、碳數6以下之脂肪族烴、碳數5以下之氯化飽和烴及氫氟烯烴設為氣體成分時,上述酚樹脂發泡體僅含有HCFO-1224yd(Z)作為上述氣體成分,氣泡之微胞內壓為0.20atm以上。
- 一種酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其特徵在於:其係於酚樹脂發泡體之一面及該面之背面之至少一面上配置有面材者,上述酚樹脂發泡體之密度為22kg/m3以上50kg/m3以下,氣泡直徑為50μm以上170μm以下,獨立氣泡率為80%以上,上述酚樹脂發泡體含有HCFO-1224yd(Z)及選自碳數6以下之脂肪族烴、碳數5以下之氯化飽和烴、氫氟烯烴中之至少一種氣體成分,且相對於上述氣體成分之合計量,20質量%以上為HCFO-1224yd(Z),氣泡之微胞內壓為0.20atm以上。
- 如請求項1或2之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其中上述微胞內壓為0.26atm以上。
- 如請求項1或2之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其表層部之壓縮彈性模數為4.9MPa以上。
- 如請求項1或2之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其中上述酚樹脂發泡體含有3.0vol%以下之空氣。
- 如請求項1或2之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其於23℃下之熱導率為0.0180W/(m‧K)以下。
- 如請求項1或2之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其於23℃下之熱導率為0.0159W/(m‧K)以下。
- 如請求項1或2之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其於10℃下之熱導率為0.0164W/(m‧K)以下。
- 一種複合板,其係使如請求項1至8中任一項之酚樹脂發泡體積層板與外部構件積層而成。
- 如請求項3之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其表層部之壓縮彈性模數為4.9MPa以上。
- 如請求項10之酚樹脂發泡體積層板,其中上述酚樹脂發泡體含有3.0vol%以下之空氣。
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