TWI324988B - Process for preparing barium titanate - Google Patents

Process for preparing barium titanate Download PDF

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TWI324988B
TWI324988B TW095128057A TW95128057A TWI324988B TW I324988 B TWI324988 B TW I324988B TW 095128057 A TW095128057 A TW 095128057A TW 95128057 A TW95128057 A TW 95128057A TW I324988 B TWI324988 B TW I324988B
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titanium oxide
barium titanate
reaction
titanate
powder
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TW200712029A (en
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Sei Ung Park
Choong Hoon Paik
Ju Suk Ryu
Seong Jae Lim
Jin Soo Baik
Young Soo Jang
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Hanwha Chemical Corp
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Description

1324988 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種用經由硫酸方法製備的水合鈦酸 ' 化合物與結晶氧化鈦和氫氧化鋇(作為起始物質)之熱液合 _ 成製備用作多層陶瓷電容器(MLCC)的必要原料之粒子鈦酸 鋇(BaTi〇3)粉的方法。更特定言之,其係有關一種通過鍛 燒的方法有效率地除去起始物質中的殘餘硫化合物以產生 rfj純度、和精確控制的Ba/Ti莫耳比之方法。 Φ 【先前技術】 鈦酸鋇為一種視結晶的結晶相和粒徑而顯示不同介 電性質的介電物質。其被利用作為多層陶瓷電容器和正溫 度係數電阻(PTCR)、或相似物的必要原料。最近,多層陶 瓷電容器的發展有小型化和追求高容量的趨勢。因為為了 實現高容量與小尺寸而應增加層的數目,所以需要提高鈦 酸鋇的粉末特性例如粒徑、形狀、純度、結晶性、或相似 者。 ® 製備鈦酸鋇的傳統方法通常包括固體方法和液體方 法。根據固體方法,一種製備陶瓷粉的傳統方法,鈦酸鋇 係藉由在高溫下用熱處理使碳酸鋇和氧化鈦混合物基本上 反應而製備。然而,如此獲得之鈦酸鋇粉不能夠使用於製 . 備有許多具有高容量層的陶瓷電容器,因為其具有大粒子 直徑、廣泛的粒徑分佈、和非均勻粒子形狀,且也需要較 高的燒結溫度。另一方面,液態方法,包括熱液合成、氫 氧化物方法和溶膠-凝膠方法,產生最優良的粉末之結晶 6 Ί粒徑分佈和粒子雜雜f。驗合絲其中之代表, 遇5於製備有許多具有高容量層的電容器。 通常,熱液合成包含氫氧化鋇與水合鈦酸化合物的反 ^雖然只有混合物在朋壓力下加熱時才可能獲得欽酸 翻,在較高溫度和壓力下的反應產生具有高結晶性的欽酸 ^因此、’反應利用-種在氣密式反應器中施用高溫度/ 的方法。結晶鈦酸鋇係藉由從作為起始物質之四氣化 =和氣化鋇製備四氣化鋇凝膠狀水合物,和混合氯化鎖與 為礦化劑之驗金屬氫氧化物,和在不少於周圍壓力的高 壓下於60t和30(TC之間的溫度反應混合物而工業化生 產。根據該方法,所產生的粒子之特性可藉由調節參數例 如溫度和壓力來控制。雖然煅燒階段必需在合成之後,但 與固體方法比較,需要較低的溫度。除此之外,該方法提 供適合於有s午多具有高容量層的電容器之鈦酸鋇粉,因為 其能夠製備具有如球粒子之優良結晶性、和小且均勻的粒 徑和分佈之鈦酸鋇粉。 有很多關於該等熱液方法的專利。其中,韓國准專利 公告號1993-0002232揭示用於製備AB〇3-類型似鈣鈦礦陶 瓷粉之方法,其中作為礦化劑的鹼金屬氫氧化物加至水解 二氯化鈦水溶液和作為起始物質的氣化鋇以進行熱液反 應,和反應物中的殘餘氫氧化鋇用耐水化劑 (insolubilizer)例如二氧化碳處理以調節Ba/Ti的莫耳 比。然而’該類方法使用過量祕金屬氫氧化物 尹產生殘餘鹼金屬,需I讲旦吐槐古,土 π + 而要過罝洗滌方法,同時需要昂貴的 I · 1324988 « * 抗腐触反應裝置’因為包含在起始物質中的氣引起反應器 的腐蝕。進一步地,當殘餘氫氧化鋇藉由用耐水化劑處理 而轉換成碳酸鋇時,產生具有幾微米的大小之桿狀碳酸 鎖’其不可完全地參加般燒階段’形成氧化鋇或在鈦酸鋇 粒子的表面上被極化而引起反常的燒結。
為了解決上述的問題,韓國專利號1〇_〇428496和韓 國專利公開號10-2004-0069044報告可提供—種製備粒子 鈦酸鋇的方法,其包含熱液地反應藉由硫酸方法製備的無 • 定形態且沒有包含氣離子之相當穩定的氫氧化鈦和過量氫 氧化鋇的混合物’過濾反應混合物,用水洗條和乾燥。然 而,根據該類方法反應難以被完成,且在洗務期間難以定 做Ba/Ti的莫耳比。除此之外,經由硫酸方法製備之水合 欽酸化合物不可避免包含於硫酸鹽形式之殘餘硫化合物雜 質’其難以用水洗掉且在熱液反應期間與氫氧化鋇反應而 形成硫酸鋇。硫酸鋇是一種不溶解於水或有機溶劑中的熱 穩定化合物,所以其不能夠經由水洗或煅燒除去。藉由硫 酸方法製備的商品水合鈦酸化合物為偏鈦酸,其之最純者 包含從0. 3到0. 8重量%的硫化合物:如果其使用在製備 鈦酸鋇時,產物將包含從約0.4到1. 〇重量%的硫酸鎖。 如果為了避免該結果而用水洗滌原料,則水合鈦酸化合物 由於其離子交換能力,與其約0.3重量%的臨界濃度而不 能夠容易地除去。鈦酸鋇中的殘餘硫酸鋇基本上降低鈦酸 鎖的純度以及在製造多層陶瓷冷凝器期間的介電常數,且 影響MLCC的燒結性質和溫度性質。進一步地,在製造MLCC 8 1324988 的方法期間於13G(rc或更高的溫度下施實的燒結階段產 生含琉氣體k成錦電極的腐韻,從而產生劣質的冷凝器。 本發明人已盡所有的努力於分析料問題且尋求解 決方以便達成上述本發明之目的,且由於許多實驗的妹 果’他們發現藉由有效率地除去含硫雜質同時使用藉由硫 ^方法製備的水合鈦酸化合物,可獲得非常純的顆粒欽酸 克服該等由傳統熱液合成所產生之問題,且也發現 反應期間調節Ba/Ti的莫耳比之方法,完成本發明。
法制本發明之目的為藉由克服該等使用經由硫酸方 性和古^合鈦酸化合物所產生之問題而提供具有高結晶 之主:原if粒子鈦酸鋇粉,其用作製備高容量的MLCC 法,之另—目的為提供—種製備粒子鈦酸鋇之方 並排iU:便宜和穩定的原料激烈地降低製造成本, 【發明内办】α /去中所使用昂貴設備和原料的危險。 子錄種製備具有高結晶性和高純度的粒 根據本發明之製備鍊酸鎖的方法包含下列步驟: 300。:之在二价⑽2和5〇Kgf/Cm2之間的壓力下於和 度使水合鈦酸化合物與結晶氧化鈦和氫氧 、乍為起始物質)反應從1G分鐘到1()個小時之期間; b)乾燥和回收產物;和 〇在減少屢下於】權。c之間的溫度將乾粉炮 9 1324988 燒從10分鐘到5小時期間。 本發明特徵在於藉由除氫氧化鋇和水合鈦酸化合物 之外使用結晶氧化鈦,作為起始物質。使用結晶氧化鈦的 理由是在反應的早期階段預先調節Ba/Ti的莫耳比。 ' 在該起始物質使用於本發明之情形中,可根本地排除 反應器由於氯離子的腐蝕,及可避免使用鹼金屬氫氧化物 作為礦化劑(minerallizer) 〇 【實施方式】 • 從下列說明將更完全地呈現本發明之其他和進一步 目的、特徵和優點。 較佳具體實施例的詳細說明 水合鈦酸化合物,本發明的起始物質之一,係以偏敏 酸(TiO(OH)2)為主,但可使用鈦酸(Ti(〇H)4)、鈦水合物 (Ti〇2xH2〇),或其混合物。 一般,當使用偏鈦酸和氫氧化鋇作為原料時,反應以 下列反應式表示: ” 籲 TiO(OH)2 + Ba(0H)2 · 8H2〇 — > BaTi〇3 + i〇H2〇 根據反應式,基本上應加入過量的氫氧化鋇。如果氫 氧化鋇使用於與偏鈦酸之量相同的當量量,不能夠達到^ 夠的pH條件’所以反應不能夠完全完成而留下未反應殘餘 物,未反應殘餘物可能減少產率。除此之外,在用水先滌 • 時未反應氫氧化鋇被洗掉,造不當成的Ti之莫耳'·' 此影響煅燒方法而造成具有低結晶性且缺乏均句性 子,其不可能使用於MLCC的製備中。當加入過量氯的粒 、里乳虱化鋇 132498» 時:反應性增加,但在反應之後產生強驗性廢水,且Ba/Π 的莫耳比因為視水洗程度而改變被溶漸之鎖的量而不能精 確地控制。 ·._’本發明制1使㈣量之氫氧化鋇的方法來 -克服,等問題’其限制條件為混合和反應具有對應於過量 之相等量的無水結晶氧化鈦。反應溫度為從6q到3〇〇t:, 壓力為從5到50Kgf/cm2’和反應時間為從 〇 小時。 籲可採用結晶氧化鈦而不管結晶形狀例如銳鈦礦氧化 欽、金紅石氧化鈦、板鈦礦氧化鈦,和其混合物。較佳所 使用者為銳鈦礦氧化鈦。具有中性pH,氧化欽不影響整個 反應系統的p Η,而且只有某量的化合物參加反應,所以反 應混合物在反應之後包含鈦酸鎖、氧化鈦和未反應的氮氧 化I貝。 乾燥所獲得的產物以在整個系統中產生具有1〇〇之 Ba/Ή的莫耳比之乾粉。對於乾燥階段,較佳使用其中粉 籲末可被回收而不損失m體含量的噴霧乾燥或熱-空氣乾燥。 藉由锻燒所得粉末,完成反應,而且整個產物可被轉 化成結f鈦酸鋇。固有地包含在偏鈦酸中的含硫化合物在 锻燒之前與氫氧化鋇反應而產生硫酸鎖,其保留在反應混 •合物中,由於其熱穩定性(於HOOt或更高的溫度下分解) 和對化學品例如酸和驗的強抵抗性而難以除去。然而,根 據,等發現’藉由在锻燒階段期間使用氫和惰性氣體的混 σ氣體產生之還原壓力(reductive 與保留在 1324988 I « • » 反應物中的未反應氧化鈦反應而形成鈦酸鋇。藉由採用該 類方法’保留在產物的硫化合物可被除去至存在於 的含量。反應式書寫如下: 1
Ti〇2 + BaS〇4 + H2 — > BaTi〇3 + SO2 + H2O 在上述煅燒階段中’混合氣體形成包含從99·9到9〇 重量%之選自氮、氫或氦的惰性氣體和從〇. 1到10重量% 的氫之還原壓力’和緞燒溫度可為從6〇〇到i40(Tc,更佳 從 800 到 1200°C。 ® 實施例 根據本發明之製備鈦酸鋇的方法進一步描述於下列 實施例中’下列實施例只為說明而提供且不意欲以任何方 式被限制。 [實施例1] 藉由混合偏鈦酸(0.5 M)和銳鈦礦Ti〇2(〇.iM)製備一 種分散液(1. 0L) ’和使用0· 6M氫氧化鋇水溶液(1. 〇升)作 為原料。將此二個水溶液引進到3L内體積之具有特夫綸襯 的SUS反應盗。在封閉反應|§之後’以5. 〇 °c /分鐘的速率 升尚反應溫度。藉由使用反應器頂端的授動器,於3〇〇rpm 的速度下攪拌反應混合物,且將反應溫度升到l8(rc,其 中壓力為lOKgf/cm2。將反應溶液維持2小時和然後冷卻。 當反應溶液的溫度到達室溫時,打開在反應器底部的閥以 回收產物溶液,然後將其喷霧乾燥以獲得乾粉。將粉放置 在大氣壓控制型的熱爐中,和於l00(rc的溫度下用氮/氫 (2%)混合氣體的通量锻燒2小時。般燒之後回收的粉末藉 12 1324988 _ * * · 由XRD之刀析顯示1.001的Ba/Ti莫耳比,和藉由使用 之k_因子的分析結果顯示5.4。藉由使用XRF之定量分析 的結2果’ S含量為32ppm。根據BET法之比表面積為 .3. 2M2/g。粒子形狀和大小藉由使用FE-SEM的分析結果, 一般發現粒子形狀為圓且均勻並在該等粒子之間沒有聚 集,和球形的平均粒徑為0.3微米(參見圖1)。粉末用X7R 調配,和壓成具有1〇mm直徑和3mm厚度的圓盤然後於 1320 C燒結。如此製備的圓盤樣品之燒結密度為 • 5. 81g/cm3。將1n/Ga糊展布在樣品兩側上且乾燥之後,分 析電特性。結果,介電常數為2050,DF 0. 09%,IR2. 〇*l〇u, 和丁(:(:分析的結果顯示6.2%之介電常數於125。(:下的改 變,和於—55^下的2. 3%之改變。 [實施例2] 在如實施例1中的相同條件下,但燒結溫度設定於 1100°C,進行反應。根據使用XRD之分析回收粉末析顯示 1.000的Ba/Ti莫耳比,和藉由使用XRDik_因子的分析 •結果顯示7.3。藉由使用XRF定量分析的結果,s含量為 12ppm。比表面積根據BET法為2. 9M2/g。粒子形狀和大小 藉由使用FE-SEM的分析結果’一般發現粒子形狀為圓且均 勻並在該等粒子之間沒有聚集,和球形的平均粒徑為〇. 4 微米(參見圖2)。粉末用X7R調配,和壓成具有1〇mm直徑 和3mm厚度的圓盤,然後於132(rc燒結。如此製備的圓盤 樣mi之燒結密度為5.82g/cm3。將In/Ga糊展布在樣品兩 側上且乾燥之後,分析電特性。結果,介電常數為, 13 1324988 • « 泰 « DF 0.09% ’ IR i.8*10",和Tcc分析的結果顯示介電常 數於125°C下的7. 3%之改變,和於-55°C的1. 6%之改變。 [比較例1] 使用偏鈦酸(0.5M)之分散液(1.0L)和0.6M氫氧化鋇 水溶液(1. 0L)作為原料。將此二個水溶液引進至具有3L 内體積之具有特夫綸襯的sus反應器。在封閉反應器之 後’以5· 〇。(:/分鐘的速率升高反應溫度。藉由使用反應器 頂端的攪動器,於3〇〇rpm的速度下攪拌反應混合物。當反 _ 應溫度到達18〇。(:時,將其維持2小時和然後冷卻。當反 應溶液的溫度到達室溫時,打開在反應器底部的閥以回收 產物溶液’其用蒸餾水重複地洗滌直到洗滌水中沒有出現 pH改變’和喷霧乾燥以獲得乾粉。將粉放置在大氣壓控制 型的熱爐中,和於1100〇c的溫度下用氮/氫(2%)混合氣體 的通量圾燒2小時。緞燒之後回收粉末藉由XRD之分析顯 不〇·987的Ba/Ti莫耳比,和藉由使用xrd之k-因子的分 φ 析結果顯示2· 3。藉由使用XRF之定量分析的結果,S含量 為840ρριη。比表面積根據bet法為2. 6M2/g。粒子形狀和 =小藉由使用FE-SEM的分析結果,一般發現粒子形狀為無 疋形且非均勻並在該等粒子之間有相當多的聚集,和球形 的平均粒徑為0.42微米(參見圖3)。粉末用X7R調配,和 t 壓成具有l〇mm直徑和3mm厚度的圓盤,然後於132〇。〇燒 結。如此製備的圓盤樣品之燒結密度為5.6g/cm、將in/Ga 糊展布在樣品兩側上且乾燥之後,分析電特性。結果,介 電吊數為1850,DF 0. 1%,ir 1· 7*l〇u,和TCC分析的結 1324988 果顯示介電常數於125°C下的4. 2%之改變,和於-55°C的 24. 2%之改變。 根據本發明,克服習知熱液合成方法的缺點以及當使 用水合鈦酸化合物作為起始物質時之殘餘含硫化合物的問 題。除此之外,藉由加入結晶氧化鈦作為原料而能夠從反 應開始的階段控制Ba/Ti的莫耳比。從環境的觀點根據本 發明方法也是有利的,在於其在反應之後不釋放含鋇之廢 水。當總過量之Ba在反應中沈澱時,該方法由於改良的產 • 率和不需要鋇之回收階段而產生激烈的經濟效果例如提高 的生產力。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為根據本發明的實施例1製備的鈦酸鋇粉之放大 30, 000倍的電子掃描顯微照片(FE-SEM); 圖2為根據本發明的實施例2製備的鈦酸鋇粉之放大 30, 000倍的電子掃描顯微照片(FE-SEM);和 圖3為根據本發明的比較例1製備的鈦酸鋇粉之放大 • 30, 000倍的電子掃描顯微照片(FE-SEM)。 【主要元件符號說明】 無。 15

Claims (1)

1324988 u. 十 '申丨請專科範圍: 1· 一種製備鈦酸鋇的方法,其包含下列步驟: a) 在5Kgf/cm2和50Kgf/cm2之間的壓力下於60°C和 300°C之間的溫度使水合鈦酸化合物與結晶氧化 鈦和氫氧化鋇(作為起始物質)反應從1 〇分鐘到 10個小時之期間; b) 乾燥和回收產物;和
c) 在減少壓下於600°C和1400°C之間的溫度將乾粉 锻燒從10分鐘到5小時期間。 2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之製備鈦酸鋇的方法,其特徵 為水合鈦酸係選自偏鈦酸(TiO(OH)2)、鈦酸(Ti(0H)4)、 鈦水合物(Ti〇2XH2〇)或其混合物。 3. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之製備鈦酸鋇的方法,其特徵 為氫氧化鋇使用於相對於水合鈦酸之過量,其先決條條 件為對應於過量之相等量的結晶氧化鈦同時合併至反 應。 4. 根據申請專利範圍第!至3項中任—項之製備鈦酸鎖的 方法,其特徵為結晶氧化鈦為銳鈦礦氧化鈦、金紅石氧 化鈦、板鈇礦氧化鈦或其混合物。 5·根據㈣專利範圍帛μ之製備鈦酸鋇的方法,其特徵 為乾燥步驟採用喷霧乾燥或熱空氣乾燥來回收粉末而 沒有固體含量的損失。 6.根據申請專利範圍g i項之製備鈦酸鋇的方法,其特徵 為锻燒步驟採用一種包含99.9〜90重量%之選自氮、 1324988 氫或氦的惰性氣體和0. 1〜10重量%之氫的混合氣體。
17
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