TW570836B - Diesel exhaust particulate filter and honeycomb extrusion die - Google Patents
Diesel exhaust particulate filter and honeycomb extrusion die Download PDFInfo
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- TW570836B TW570836B TW091120216A TW91120216A TW570836B TW 570836 B TW570836 B TW 570836B TW 091120216 A TW091120216 A TW 091120216A TW 91120216 A TW91120216 A TW 91120216A TW 570836 B TW570836 B TW 570836B
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027697 autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to CTLA4 haploinsuffiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0001—Making filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2451—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure
- B01D46/247—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure of the cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2451—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure
- B01D46/2482—Thickness, height, width, length or diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2451—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure
- B01D46/2486—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure characterised by the shapes or configurations
- B01D46/249—Quadrangular e.g. square or diamond
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2498—The honeycomb filter being defined by mathematical relationships
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H2200/00—Specific machining processes or workpieces
- B23H2200/30—Specific machining processes or workpieces for making honeycomb structures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
- Y10T428/24157—Filled honeycomb cells [e.g., solid substance in cavities, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24744—Longitudinal or transverse tubular cavity or cell
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
570836 五、發明說明(1) 相關申請: 本發明依據2001年8月30日申請之美國第09/943, 258 號專利申請案主張優先權。 發明背景: 本發明是關於特別用來捕獲並燃燒柴油廢氣粒子的多 孔結構例如蜂巢體。 壁流過濾器被使用於柴油廢氣的淨化中。通常這類的 柴油粒子過濾器是由堇青石或是矽碳化物製成,其包含蜂 體,此蜂巢體具有薄的交互連結多孔性壁板,其形成具有相 同水力直徑的平行單元通道,縱向地延伸在此結構的末端 面之間。在蜂巢體末端面上的交替單元被塞入陶瓷填充料 材料而形成”西洋棋盤”的圖案。此圖案在另外一端被倒轉 過來,使付母個單元的末端只有在結構的一端被阻斷。當 柴油廢氣穿過一個末端面(也就是入口端)進入此過渡器時 ,會被強迫通過多孔性壁板,以便經由另一個末端面(也就 是出口端)而離開。 對於柴油粒子的過濾,我們認為單元密度在大約丨〇和 300單元/平方英吋之間(大約1· 5到46. 5單元/平方公分), 更典型的是在大約100和200單元/平方英吋之間(大約ns 到3 1單元/平方公分)的蜂巢體結構可以使用於緊密結構中 以提供足夠薄的壁板表面積。壁板厚度可以從提供結構完 整性的最小尺寸,大約是0· 002英吋(大約〇· 05毫米)向上變 動,但是通常都小於大約0. 0 60英吋(1· 5毫米)以便降低過 濾器的體積。大約0· 010和0· 030英吋(大約〇· 25和〇· 76毫
570836
在較好的單元密度下最常 米)之間的範圍例如0 · 〇 1 9英忖, 選用這些材料。 缚壁板的交互連結開孔孔隙率可以變動,但最一般的 ;ΐ: ΐ Π的薄壁板體積,通常是大於大約35%以便允 此Γ板。當開孔細孔體積超過大賴時,柴 的ίί 性會變得有問題;因此,典型的是大約50% =積。對於柴油粒子的過渡,我們相信開孔孔隙率可以 1平均直徑在大約1到60微米範圍内,優先地是在大約i 〇 到50微米範圍内的通道壁板中細孔來提供。 達到或超過90%柴油廢氣粒子(以重量來看)的過濾效 率可以使用描^ s青石材料來達成。較少但是仍然^著 之,子部分(也就是小於50%)的過渡,對於其他過濾應用可 能是必要的,這包括較小柴油引擎的廢氣過濾。當然,效率 會隨著廢氣流内所運載之粒子的尺寸範圍和分佈而變動。 體積孔隙率和平均細孔尺寸,通常是由傳統的水銀浸入孔 隙率測量法來決定。 在Frost等人的美國第4, 420, 316號專利中提出了堇青 石壁板流柴油粒子過濾器設計。美國第5,9丨4,丨8 7號專利 中提出了石夕碳化物壁板流柴油粒子過渡器。 其中所描述的傳統過濾器類型有一些問題。特別是當 廢氣通過過濾器時,粒子材料(也就是碳煤煙)會累積在單 元通道的壁板上,或是在壁板的細孔中而形成碳粉塵。此 碳粉塵會降低單元通道的水力直徑,造成橫過過濾器長度 的壓力降,以及過濾器對引擎之背向壓力的逐步上升。
第5頁 570836 五、發明說明(3) 最後,此壓力降會變成無法接受,而需要過濾器的再生 。在傳統系統中,此再生過程牽涉到將過濾器加熱以啟動 碳粉塵的燃燒。通常,再生期間過濾器中的溫度,從大約 400-600 C,上升到大約800-1000。〇的最大值。在某些情況 下,當燃燒開始時,會合併或立即跟隨著廢氣中的高氧含量 和低流動速率(例如引擎空轉的情況乂因而發生所謂的,,失 控再生。在失控再生期間,碳粉塵的燃燒可能在過濾器内 產生度的大峰值,此溫度尖峰值會產生熱衝擊和造成破 裂,或甚至熔化此過濾器。當廢氣流將燃燒熱運載下過濾 器時,由於碳粉塵燃燒波從入口面進展到出口面的累積效 應,因此在再生期間的最高溫度容易發生在接近過滤器的 出口端。 除了捕獲碳粉塵之外,此過濾器也捕獲由廢氣所運載 的”塵埃"粒子。這些粒子包括金屬氧化物雜質以自潤滑 油的添加劑硫酸鹽和類似的材料,它們是不可燃的而不能 在再生期間被除去。此外,如果在失控期間的溫度夠相當 二些廡塵埃粒子最後可能會燒結到過濾器,或者甚 至跟過/慮為反應而造成部分溶化。 ,首的i:: ί :為在運作上碳粉塵的累積會降低單元通 道的有> w動面積,因此會在單元壁板表面上和細孔 成結塊的粒子收集,最後也會塑 、 七斗,Λ 1 Q01 λ, ρ 1无也貧〜警&力降。解決此問題的 直^中已妳描+月3〇日發給〇UUand的美國第4,276,0 1 7號 m^L〇UtUnd提出了一種過德器的設計,其入 口通道㈣斷面積’大於相鄰出口或排氣通道的橫斷面積
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五、發明說明(4) 等=面積:入口和出口通道,°utland揭示出不 元通;/、二 早疋通道,鄰接三角橫斷面的出口單 、δ、, σ圖j所示;以及具有彎曲或凸出入口和/或出 口,道的圖案,*圖5卜p所示。在此過 構: 並不每際、更番座點之3外,例如在角落處。然而,這樣的設計 出。^:枯卞沾❺是很難以有效而節省成本的方式製造 出目别技術的鑄模限制了這類複雜蜂窩結構 k 我們需要獲得柴油廢氣粒子過濾器,1yy 的碳粉塵和塵埃粒子貯存容量^寺還 加 省成本地製的禱模技術有效並且節 發明大要: 以用供的柴油粒子過濾器,其具有增加的容量可 來財存奴粉塵和塵埃粒子,同時 體,速率。同時,本發明結構能夠=前: 、技術,以有效並節省成本的方式製造出。 括嗖:工:ί ΐ的優點之外,本發明過濾器的其他優點包 t ^此上的優點。這類優點在於較低 (也就<>5克/公升)下,較:’的壓力增加 ί:構:流過濾器的M力降決定於很多因素,包括 ==,上9的填塞密度,以及碳粉塵透過内:: ’、、王又,特別疋在碳粉塵沉積的早期階段。當碳 第7頁 570836 五、發明說明(5) 粉塵累積量增如時,水力 碳粉塵之阻力的逐步增加二會降低’造成廢氣流經壁板和 度來測量,會導玆掛a馨 此流動阻力可以橫過過濾器長 在本發明之過y:二背向壓力的增加。 粉塵量會造成較薄;碳於^大入口單元通道中,相同的碳 低。因此,廢氣不只能夠以及較少水力直徑的有害降 易流過内側壁板上的碳令易流過皁兀通道,而且也較容 -項相關的優點是車二古。結果’就需要較少的再生。 碳粉塵一樣被沉積在入口=的塵埃貯存容量。塵埃,就像 大的入口單亓本二社π早元的内側壁板上。再次地,較 丁〜衣面積可以办, 頻繁的清洗周期。、 令納較高的塵埃量,而需要較不 一項進—步的優點是/Ν 塵埃或碳粉塵覆蓋或阻^^表面閉塞。表面閉塞是當 際上會在這些開孔單元中:早7°而發生的一種情況,實 地破壞過濾器的功能。知^生柱塞。這種情況會不如預期 問題。 χ大的入口通道可以降低或消除此 本發明的過濾器設計 的高熱質量,同時還具有卓c厚壁板蜂巢體結構所有 前方開孔面積,和大入口 内單70壁板結構才有的增加 明結構中,單元密度力直徑。為了說明起見,在本發 具有,翠元密:而為壁母 的熱負量,而前方開孔 、、、 笔米之蜂巢體結構 密度,但是壁板厚度為ο·〇12和毫水f力之直^\等於具有相同單元 熱質量可以在柴油廢氣系‘=體結構的值。高的 亍、、死所疋遇的情況下,顯著地確定
第8頁 570836 五、發明說明(6) 對熔化和熱破裂具有更多抵抗力;而入口端較大的前方開 孔面積,以及入口單元通道較大的水力直徑,可以在高破粉 塵負載下維持較低的壓力降,如同前面所討論的。 本發明的柴油粒子過濾器包含蜂巢體,含有一個入口 端和一個出口或排氣端,彼此相對著;還有多個單元通道沿 著中心軸從入口端延伸到出口端。這些單元通道具有不同 的水力直徑,交替地橫過此結構的表面。水力直徑代表廢 氣流過單元的有效橫斷面積。這些單元通道具有正方形的 橫斷面積,由筆直的内部多孔壁板形成,其中入口單元的橫 斷面積比出口單元的還大。在本發明的結構中,内側壁板 包含了第一部分以協助入口和出口單元之間的溝通,而其 餘或第二部分只跟入口單元接合,而沒有和出口單元溝通 。優先地,第一内側壁板部分是具過濾效用的,意指著允許 廢氣很谷易通過以離開入口單元通道而進入出口單元通道 ,而碳質碳粉塵,塵埃粒子和類似物可以被收集並捕獲在其 中。内側壁板的其餘部分優先地是不具過濾效用,其係指 我們不希望柴油廢氣通過它而離開入口並進入出口單元。 此第二内側壁板部分延伸在入口通道周圍,而且只跟入口 通道溝通。優先地,入口單元的橫斷面比出口單元還大大 約1二卜2· 0倍,優先地是1 · 3 —丨· 6倍。本發明的配置以正方 形k截面單兀的設計,提供不同入口和出口通道的優點,也 就是增加的碳粉塵和塵埃粒子貯存容量,以及較少的表面 閉塞;此設計可以使用目前的鑄模設計技術以有效和節省 成本的處理製造出。
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此蜂巢體結構可以由堇青石,石夕碳化物,或其他類似的 2但是耐熱的陶究材料製造出。雖然單元密度在本發明 中並不重要’但是此蜂巢體結構的單元通道密度優先地大 約是1 00-300單元/平方英吋(15 5_46 5單元/平方公分 更優先地的是大約200單元/平方英吋(15. 5_31單元/平方 公分),而壁板厚度大約是〇. 01到〇· 25英吋(〇. 25_〇. 64毫米 本發明也關於製造本發明之蜂巢體結構的擠壓模可 以很容易地使用目前的鑄模技術製造出。此創新的鑄模包 含鑄模本體,此鑄模本體合併了 一個入口面,一個排出面而 跟該入口面相對著,多個供應孔,從入口面延伸到本體中, 以及父叉陣列的排出細縫,從排出面延伸到本體中,在鑄模 内的供應孔/細縫交又點,跟供應孔連接;此交叉陣列的排、 出細縫是由具有兩種不同橫斷面積之多個針銷的側表面而 形成,在尺寸上父替因而形成西洋棋盤陣列。 詳細說明: 參考圖1,其中顯示了先前技術之末端閉塞蜂巢體結構 j頂視圖,其單元通道具有相同的水力直徑。本發明一°個 實施例的頂視圖顯示在圖2中。蜂巢體丨〇具有前面或入口 女而1 2。雖然沒有顯不出來,但是出口端是在入口端丨2的對 具有多個單元通道被區分成入口單元通道14,和出口 單兀通道16,延伸在入口和出口端之間。這些單元通道具 ,,同的橫斷面,由内部多孔壁板丨8所形成。内側壁板& 是筆直的,大致上縱向並且相互平行地架設在此結構的入
第10頁 570836 五、發明說明(8) 口和出口端之間。這些單元通道的排列在入口單元通道工4 寿出口單元通道之間交替,產生了具有小和大的水力直 徑父替單元通道圖案。因此,每個入口單元通道14的所有 側邊都鄰接出口單元通道i 6,反之亦然。 參考圖3,顯示了圖2中區段1〇〇的放大圖,可以更優先 地地顯示本發明的蜂巢體結構。内側壁板丨8的第一部分為 入口1j和出口 1 6單元共有。此部分由數字11 0表示,駐留在 出口單元16的全部長度之間,但是只有在部分入口單元1 4 之間。内側壁板1 8的部分11 〇優先地具有過濾效用,意指著 在運作上,柴油廢氣經由這裡從入口通道丨4流到出口通道 1 6 ]内側壁板1 8的其餘部分丨丨2,跟入口通道丨4沒有和出口 通道1 6J冓&通的區段接合。内側壁板丨丨2優先地不具有過濾 放用’思私著在運作上廢氣比較不可能經由這裡從入口通 f 14流到出口通道16。然而,要注意的是,一些碳質和塵埃 ^可能被捕獲並收集在這裡。人口單元通道14的橫斷面 ^ 7力直徑,比出口單元通道丨6的水力直徑還大大約^ ^ 一 46 5 ΐ疋/^M 大約是1〇〇_3〇〇單元/平方英吋(丨5. 5- 5早兀/平方公分),更優先地的是大約2〇〇單元/ °、 =.5-31單元/平方公分),而壁板厚度、 .到〇.。25英忖(0.25-0.64毫米),更優先地的是^ 0.〇19 英吋( 0.486 毫米)。 m 的-;二=道i4和出口單元通道16都在沿著它們長度 。刀被土住,要不是在入口端就是在出口端。在圖2和
第11頁 570836 五、發明說明(9) 3中,因為顯示的是入口端,因此出口單元通道丨6被塞住。 阻塞厚度優先地大約是2毫米到5毫米深。因此,入口單元 通道1 4在入口端打開,而在出口端塞住。相反地,出口單元 通道16在入口端被塞住,而在出口端打開。此閉塞的西洋 ,盤構造可以讓液體流和此結構的多孔壁板之間,有更緊 =的接觸。液體由入口單元通道流入此蜂巢體結構,然後 牙過多孔單兀壁板,由出口單元通道離開此結構。 參考圖4a-d,經由並排比較對稱的先前技術蜂巢體,和 =匕所製造的末端閉塞過濾器;以及本發明的蜂巢體結構, =由二所產生的末端閉塞過濾器,我們可以更優 釋目前的發明。 肝 本發明的結構特別適合作為柴油粒子過減器特 局部高溫,因此需要優良之/二時,!能在過渡器内產生 的蜂巢體結構可以由堇青石、、、”抵抗力的應帛。本發明 但是耐熱的陶变材料製或其他類似的多孔 是圓形或正方形。鈇而此/蜂巢體結構的橫斷面可以 形狀,而可以是擴圓形而長此方過 可以由欲使用的特定排氣车可其他検斷面形狀,這 本發明也關於用來;計來指定。 模。如本發明所描述的^ χ明之蜂巢體結構的擠壓鑄 徑之蜂巢體的蜂巢體擠’愿用且,造出^有交替通道直 針銷陣列。對本發明來二有包含交替尺寸針銷的 此可以由多種熟知方法的兄,:些每模如何製造並不重要,因 的任何-種來提供,包括陣列板的 • 第12頁 570836 五、發明說明(ίο) 組合,如美國第4, 468, 365號專利中所描述;或者經由將針 銷陣列接合到適當的鑄模基板,如美國第5, 761,787號專利 中所描述。然而,較好的方法是使用浸入EDM處理,將EDM電 極配置成具有交替排列之兩種不同橫斷面積的多列平行對 齊調整片。 因此,此創新的鑄模包含鑄模本體,合併了一個入口面 ,一個排出面,跟此入口面對立,多個供應孔,從入口面延伸 到本體中,以及一個交叉陣列的排出細縫,從排出面延伸到 本體中,在鑄模内的供應孔/細縫交叉點跟供應孔連接;此 交 , 叉陣列的排出細縫是由具有不同橫斷面積之多個針銷的側 表面所形成,在尺寸上交替著因而形成西洋棋盤陣列。 用來製造本發明結構的適合方法是形成粉末狀原始材 料的增塑混合物,然後將它擠壓成具有交替單元通道直徑 的蜂巢體,附加性地烘乾,然後燃燒以形成產品結構。此燐 ,過之蜂巢體過濾器的安裝通常是將此過濾器恰當地放置 圓柱狀鋼製過濾器外殼内,並使用耐火彈性襯墊放置在 ^,器的側壁板和外殼的壁板之間。然後將外殼的末端配 口和出口圓錐體以將廢氣傳輸進入,並且經過此結構 、父$閉塞通道和多孔壁板。 得閉ΐΐ發明中,由於入口和出口單元通道的尺寸不同,使 ,牽涉V"在理Λ為$易。常閉塞處理是用人工方式來執行 案中的12濾15的-一端使用彈性遮罩以覆蓋西洋棋盤圖 、 個單元通道。然後將曝露通道填入陶瓷糊狀
第13頁 570836 五、發明說明(li) 物(使用類似蜂寫二構的材料),此糊狀物可以被燃燒來產 ”究塞子。在結!相ί端的圖案是倒轉的,以便只塞住 每個皁元通道的ϋ過程的缺點是在塞住第―邊後, 很難決定在第二端中有那些孔需要插入遮罩。在優先實施 例中,使用分開的遮罩來配適前面或人π端和f面或出口 端’以便克服前面提到的缺點。此蜂巢體結構可以在燃燒 之前或之後,使用糊狀物來塞住,此糊狀物具有跟未淬火本 體相同或相似的組成;使用適當量的液相來提供可加工的 才^ ^性;隨意地加入點合劑和增塑劑;如 29,162 號專利中所描述。 除了這裡所提屮&替^, 將了解到,對上面所接t貫=例之外,那些熟悉此技術的人 都不脫離預定的精神&和的範發圍明可以有多種修改和改變,但是
570836 圖式簡單說明 第一圖(圖1)顯示入口和出口單元通道具有相同直徑 之先前技術的末端閉塞蜂巢體結構。 第二圖(圖2 )顯示根據本發明之末端閉塞蜂巢體結構 實施例,其中入口單元通道的直徑比出口單元通道還大。 第三圖(圖3)顯示圖2結構的區段100。 第四圖A-D(圖4a_4d)是一組圖片,對稱地顯示出先前 技術的蜂窩結構,和由它所製造的壁板流過濾器(圖4a,b); 以及根據本發明所揭示所製造的蜂巢體結構,以及由它所 製造的壁板流過濾器(圖4c,d)。 附圖元件符號說明: 蜂巢體10;入口端12;入口單元通道14;出口單元通 道1 6 ;内側壁板1 8 ;内側壁板的第一部分11 0 ;内側壁板 其餘部分11 2。
第15頁
Claims (1)
- 570836 六、申請專利对圍 銷側邊表面所形成,其形成尺寸相互交替之針銷棋盤陣 列。 7.依據申請專利範圍第6項之蜂巢體擠製模,其中入針銷具 有方形斷面。第17頁
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JP3130587B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-17 | 2001-01-31 | イビデン株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化装置のハニカムフィルタ |
US5630951A (en) | 1995-05-15 | 1997-05-20 | Corning Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for making honeycomb extrusion dies |
US5761787A (en) | 1995-11-30 | 1998-06-09 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making bonded pin extrusion die |
EP1382442B1 (en) | 1996-01-12 | 2013-04-24 | Ibiden Co., Ltd. | A filter for purifying exhaust gas |
WO1999043629A1 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-09-02 | Corning Incorporated | Low cte cordierite bodies with narrow pore size distribution and method of making same |
JP5052717B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-02 | 2012-10-17 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体、及びそれを用いたハニカムフィルター、コンバーターシステム |
US20030041730A1 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-03-06 | Beall Douglas M. | Honeycomb with varying channel size |
-
2001
- 2001-08-30 US US09/943,258 patent/US20030041730A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-07-11 WO PCT/US2002/022056 patent/WO2003020407A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-07-11 EP EP02752274A patent/EP1423266B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-11 CN CNB028170288A patent/CN1305664C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-11 JP JP2003524709A patent/JP4199112B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-11 KR KR1020047002934A patent/KR100894930B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-11 AU AU2002361463A patent/AU2002361463A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-24 US US10/202,711 patent/US6696132B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-30 TW TW091120216A patent/TW570836B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-12-15 US US10/736,929 patent/US6843822B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-02-12 ZA ZA200401136A patent/ZA200401136B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1423266B1 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
KR20040029090A (ko) | 2004-04-03 |
US6696132B2 (en) | 2004-02-24 |
EP1423266A2 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
CN1549769A (zh) | 2004-11-24 |
US20030041730A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
US20030044572A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
WO2003020407A2 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
US6843822B2 (en) | 2005-01-18 |
ZA200401136B (en) | 2004-08-26 |
KR100894930B1 (ko) | 2009-04-27 |
AU2002361463A1 (en) | 2003-03-18 |
JP2005501991A (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
CN1305664C (zh) | 2007-03-21 |
EP1423266A4 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
JP4199112B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 |
WO2003020407A3 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
US20040128965A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
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