TW479074B - Silicon carbide reinforced silicon carbide composite - Google Patents
Silicon carbide reinforced silicon carbide composite Download PDFInfo
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- TW479074B TW479074B TW086118100A TW86118100A TW479074B TW 479074 B TW479074 B TW 479074B TW 086118100 A TW086118100 A TW 086118100A TW 86118100 A TW86118100 A TW 86118100A TW 479074 B TW479074 B TW 479074B
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/26—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor
- B28B1/265—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor pressure being applied on the slip in the filled mould or on the moulded article in the mould, e.g. pneumatically, by compressing slip in a closed mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/0006—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects the reinforcement consisting of aligned, non-metal reinforcing elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
- C04B35/573—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained by reaction sintering or recrystallisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62625—Wet mixtures
- C04B35/6263—Wet mixtures characterised by their solids loadings, i.e. the percentage of solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6269—Curing of mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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Description
A7
經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 479U74 政府支援聲明 ^發明之標題物的一部分由NASA的合約NAS3-263S5贊助 々鬲速大眾運輸/動力材料計畫彳(扭濟cjyji Transport/Enabling
Propulsion Materials Program)研發。 發明背景 強化的陶瓷填料複合物(CMC類)因其韌性、耐熱性、高 溫強度和化學安定性,所以非常適合用於結構應用上。這 些複合物可藉由在陶瓷填料中添加纖維狀結晶,纖維或小 片狀物(platelet)而製得。在連續纖維強化的陶瓷填料複合物 (CFCC)之製造中,製造方法通常由將連續纖維束(如:燒結 的 SiC 纖維,如· Hi-Nicalon™ 或 Dow Coming Sylramic™ )織入布 (如:一維5HS或8HS或三維布)中作爲起點。然後將此梭織 纖維布作成平面或有形狀者,此即所謂的纖維預先形成 物。然後將纖維預先形成物的孔隙填滿而形成緻密的 CFCC。CFCC之並非脆弱的本質提供了非常必要的可信賴 度,這是整體燒結的陶瓷所欠缺的。 陶瓷填料複合物之強化的防破碎性可藉由破裂撓度、载 重轉移和纖維拉拔而獲敢。纖維拉拔的達成方式是使得纖 維和填料之間完全沒有或僅有非常小的化學結合,使得纖 維能夠在填料上滑動。但是,也已經知遒:在緻密化處理 時,許多纖維一填料合併物會趨動強烈的化學反應或者纖 維和填料之間會有内部擴散的情況發生。這樣的反應或内 部擴散情況會導致強度、韌度、溫度安定性和抗氧化性嚴 重受損。因此,必須要選擇適當的纖維一填料界面,以避 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
479074 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(: 免或儘Ϊ:減少化學反應或内部擴散情況。 修飾纖維表面是一個有效控制纖維一填料界面之反應的 方式。此可藉由以適當的陶瓷塗覆在纖維上而達成。同等 重要的,適當的陶瓷塗層也能導致纖維一填料界面脱離 (debond)並使得操作者能夠由填料上拉拔纖維而順著填料而 滑動,藉此提高複合物的破裂捭度。 在複合物材料技藝中已經知遒經塗覆的碳化矽纖維和纖 維狀結晶。美國專利申請案號4,929,472 (‘加她卿,,)描述表面經 含碳層或氮化矽層塗覆的SiC纖維狀結晶。這些表面經塗覆 的纖維狀結晶用來作爲陶瓷(如:sic、Tic、si3N4或Al2〇3) 的強化材料。Bhatt的美國專利申請案號4,781,993提出一種 SiC纖維強化之反應結合的Si3N4填料,其中,sic纖維覆以 非晶竣層,砍/碳比例高的塗層覆於非晶狀層上。的美 國專利申請案號4,642,271提出經BN塗覆的陶瓷纖維埋在陶 瓷蜞料中。此纖維可以是sic、A〗2〇3或石墨,而填料可以是 SiCb、SiC、ZrCb、ZrCVTiO2、堇青石、富鋁紅柱石或經塗覆 的碳填料。Smgh等人的美國專利申請案號4,944,904提出一種 有經氮化硼塗覆之纖維材料的複合物。碳或sic纖維覆以 BN和硬可浸潤的材料,然後與滲入助劑混合。將此混合物 作成預先形成物,然後以硼和矽的熔融液體滲入而製得複 合物。 未經加工的CFCC之緻密化處理比未經加工的整體陶驚之 緻密化處理更爲困難。因爲未經加工的陶瓷填料質地堅 硬,因此傳統燒結之未經加工的陶瓷填料無法以燒結的纖 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 479074 A7 B7 、發明説明( 五 3
479074 A7 --------- ___ 五、發明説明(4 ) ~- 以矽滲入法而使含有纖維的陶瓷複合物變得緻密。
MeMurtry的美國專利申請案號5,2%,311中,描述一種經塗 覆的碳化矽纖維強化之有矽滲入的碳化矽複合物,兹將該 專利説明書中所述者併於本文以資參考。McM_提出一種 方法,其步驟包括: a) 以選自包括氮化鋁、氮化硼和二硼化鈦的塗料塗覆在 SiC纖維上,· b) 以SiC粉末、水和非離子性界面活性劑之混合物處理經 塗覆的纖維表面; Θ製備包含SiC粉末和水之混合物; 幻經塗覆的纖維以漿狀物浸潤,使用眞空除水程序而形 成鑄物; e) 乾燥此鑄物而形成未經加工的物體;及 f) 使矽滲入未經加工的物體中而形成緻密Sic纖維強化的 反應結合型填料複合物。
McMuitiy報導:SiC纖維上的塗層限制了與填料之間的機械 :化學結合,並因此而改善了複合材料的強度和韌性。但 疋,已紅從貫在實質上根據MeMurtty製得的cfcc於室溫下 的四點彎曲強度僅约lksi。因爲陶瓷的抗張強度僅約並四點 彎曲強度的60-90%,因此,這些CFCC的抗張強度僅約〇6 a9ksi :進一步假設彈性模量约3〇百萬psi,看來這些CFCC的 終極抗張強度低於室溫下的値(0 003%)。咸信這樣低的値的 原因在於McMmtry所用的纖維強度低及脱離用塗層與熔融矽 之蹲的部分反應。此外,簡單地以強度較大的沉纖維 479074 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(5 ) (如:Hi-Nicdon™纖雉)代替’會因爲這些強度較大的纖維比 McMurby所用的SiC纖維更容易被熔融的矽所分解而有更嚴 重的分解問題產生。在這些強度較高的碳化矽基本上僅會 在約14KM500 °C的溫度範爵内被分解時,而McMurtiy的矽滲 入步驟在約1500 °C的溫度下進行,所以此問題也就特別嚴 'φ' 〇 此外,由矽滲入法製得之SiC強化的SiC複合物會遭遇到 的一個特定的問題是SiC纖維或位於其上的塗層可能會在滲 入期間内與溶融秒反應,因而損及複合物所欲的性質。舉 例言之,已經發現到:因爲熔融矽的高反應性,所以在石夕 滲人步驟期間内,BN脱離塗層也會被附著,而嚴重損及位 於下方的SiC纖維,並因此而損及CFCC性質。爲減少這樣的 附著情況,有人研討形成雙層塗層(其中,有CVD-SiC的第 二個“保護性”塗層位於BN塗層上)的可行性,請參考, 如:美國專利申請案號4,944,904。在熔融矽存在的情況下, CVD-SiC塗層比位於下方的BN塗層來得穩定,但是發現熔融 矽仍會大量溶解CVD-SiC塗層。其結果是:熔融矽滲入法必 須在相當低溫(即,接近矽熔點,14ι〇)、短時間(少於3〇 分鐘)内進行。因爲此簡略的滲入步驟,得得的CFCC微結 構通常會有矽滲入不完全、孔隙度高、熱一機械性質欠佳 的情況。 慣用的方法的第二個特點的典型例子是美國專利申請案 號4,889,686,其限制了矽滲入的完全性的原因是其於浸潤用 漿狀物中使用碳。在漿狀物浸_步驟期間内,經塗覆的纖 -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2i〇x297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印聚 4/9074
五、發明説明( 維束或織品以碳(其於漿狀物中之濃度基本上是至少10重量 %)浸潤。然後將經滲入處理的纖維束或織品置於空爐中並 在有熔融矽存在的情況下加熱。滲入的碳迅速地與熔離矽 反應而形卢-SiC填料。根據McMwtly所述者,存在於漿狀物 中的碳提供形成填料Sic的反應物,且咸信能夠改善熔融矽 的潤濕性質並因此使得矽更深入地滲入纖維束内部。在矽 苓入期間内,含碳的有利效果廣被接受。舉例言之,
Electric Toughened Silcomp™法使用碳含量至少1〇重量%的漿狀 物。但是,因爲矽和碳之間的反應是高度放熱反應,此反 應所形成的熱會嚴重地使纖維預先形成物局部被嚴重加熱 至比所欲的溶融矽還高出1〇〇至200之間的溫度。因爲強 度較高的Sic纖維和一些脱離塗層(如;BN )之安定性與溫 度非常有關,所以常會有塗層和纖維分解的情況發生。一 個減少此分解情況的方法是限制矽滲入的時間和溫度。於 相當低溫的條件下進行矽滲入步驟的結果是矽化作用通常 不完全且會有未反應掉的碳殘留。此外,已經發現:在慣 用的方法中,接近未加工之CFC0之表面處發生的矽/碳反 應通常會阻擋後續的矽進入未經加工的CFCC内部,因而造 成局部多孔區域;其體輪變化使得形狀幾近完整的組件破 裂;在複合物中之未反應掉的自由碳會降低其高溫抗氧化 性。 慣用的方法的第三個特點中,矽滲入程序的實施方式是 將數個大的矽厚塊置於經浸潤處理的新製材料頂面的數個 位置上並將矽加熱至其熔點。理論上,此滲入法主要是基
-9, 479074 A7 一' ·—_ B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 於液難砍毛細作用或矽蒸汽之氣體傳送而滲入多孔、未經 加工的CFCC預先形成物中,並與預先形成物中之浸潤的碳 反應而當場形成SiC。雖然此方法很適合於整體的陶瓷(其 中的滲入程序通常於相當高溫(至少Π5〇)進行,此使得 滲入動力非常決),但此方式不是很適合用於纖維預先形成 物。因爲強度較高的纖維和界面塗層系統之有限的熱安定 性,在熔融矽滲入期間内,cFCC的溫度必須要維持與砍的 熔點(約1410 °C )相當接近才行。因爲於這些較低溫度下的 滲入動力非常缓慢,要使溶融梦深入或散佈到梦厚塊正下 方以外的區域須要很常的時間。結果是形成有許多多孔區 域的滲入不均情況,或者是,纖維/覆層之間強力吸引而使 得滲入程序要長時間才能達到完全滲入的效果。前述的任 一情況都會形成欠佳的CFCC。第二,使甩這樣的技術,也 很難控制滲入纖維預先形成物中的珍淨量。其結果是:在 CFCC外部常會看到有額外的矽結成塊。雖然可以在事後使 這些矽塊滲入,但這樣不僅會提高的製造成本,也會 損及CFCC的品質。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 因此,慣用之製自矽滲入法的CFCC基本上含有耐熱性足 以用於典型矽滲入溫度但強度低的纖維,或者含有強度高 但在典型矽滲入溫度下可能會分解的纖維。慣用之製自CYJ 法的CFCC基本上孔隙度高,因此導熱性低,於高溫的循環 疲勞最大應力低且抗氧化性低。 據此,有必要發展導熱性高、於高溫的循環疲勞最大應 力高、終極抗張延伸率高且終極抗張強度高的CFCC。 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 479074 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製
五、發明説明I 傳統方法的第四個特點中,已經觀察到:複合物在碎滲 入之後的表面質地與纖維預先形成物之高度粗糙的梭織結 構相同。在必須要有航空動力表面程度的渦輪或航空組件 的應用上,這樣粗糙的表面會降低其效能。解決表面粗糙 問題的一個方法是使CVD_sic層位於經浸潤的預先形成物表 面上,然後以機械加工至所欲的表面程度。此方式的缺點 在於不容易以機械加工此堅硬的CVD_sic塗層且花費頗大。 發明概述 根據本發明,提出一種較佳的方法,其步驟包括: a) 形成包含圭少有一塗層的非氧化物陶瓷纖維預先形成 物,此纖維和塗層的分解溫度分節視情況所須地介於141〇 C和1450 C之間,此塗層包含選自包括碳、氮、鋁和鈦的 塗覆元素, b) 以包含碳化矽顆粒和〇1重量%至$重量%外加碳的漿狀 物浸潤此預先形成物,形成經浸潤之未經加工的物體, c) 形成塗覆配料,包含: i) 包含金屬性滲入物和元素的合金,及 ii) 樹脂, d) 將塗覆配料置於經浸潤之未經加工的物體的至少一部 分表面上, e) 將此塗覆配料加熱至介於14〇〇 t至15〇〇 t的溫度(視情 況所須地介於1410和1450 X:之間)以熔化此合金,及 f) 以I5分鐘至24〇分鐘的時間,使溶化的合金滲入未經加 工的物體中,以製得陶瓷;纖維強化的陶覺複合物。 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 钉 479074 A7 B7 五、發明説明( 9 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 亦根據本發明,提出一種碳化矽纖維強化的碳化矽複合 物’其於2200 T的最終抗張延伸率至少〇 3 % (較佳時是至少 0.6 % >,於2200 °F的最終抗張強度至少2〇ksi (較佳時是至少 3〇ksi) ’於22〇0 °F的導熱性至少約5.5BTU Λ】、時·英吸.T, 於22T的導熱性至少约纽丁!^/小時·英呎·。F,於22〇〇τ的 循環疲勞最大應力至少20ksi可達1〇〇〇小時,當場形成的点· 碳化碎低於10體積%。 圖示説明 圖1疋傳統上以熔融之不含合金的矽滲入而得之碳化矽 纖維強化的碳化矽複合物之於大75〇倍的顯微相片。 圖2是本發明中以飽含碳的矽之合金渗入而得之碳化矽 纖維強^的碳化矽複合物之放大750倍的顯微相片。 圖3是本發明中之碳化矽纖維強化的碳化矽複合物之放 大50 ‘的—微相片’其顯示基本上在相當大的塡料區域中 沒有孔隙存在。 圖4是複合物之放大375倍的顯微相片,其中,該複合物 係精由在加有高濃度碳的SiC漿狀物中浸潤之後,進行石夕豪 入程序而得。 ^ 圖5疋本發明的CFCC與此技藝中以μ 循環疲勞最大應力的比較圖。 于疋 圖6是本發明之複合物 之福人物々道無 學蒸氣滲入法予以緻密化 <複$物 < 導熱性的比較圖。 圖7是比較希望用爽# 定<複合物之可堆疊的固 疋用纖維預先形成物組合品之圖示。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ,· 訂 -12- 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 -------------B7__一五、發明説明(1〇 ) 圖8是根據本發明而製得的CFCc的相片。 發明詳述 本發明的目的中,纖維或塗層的“分解溫度”是指以光學 顯微鏡於放大750倍的情況下觀察,纖維或内部塗層在暴於 溶融硬後一小時就開始分解的溫度。分解的纖維和分解的 塗層的例子如圖1。類似地,“導熱性,,的測定方法是使用 雷射閃光試驗來計算材料的熱擴散性。類似地,“循環疲勞 最大應力”是以在未載重的情況下將ASTM 〇1275_94所用的 4驗棒加熱至2200 °F的方式來測定,在約10_3〇秒内提高試 驗物的載重量’使此試驗載重物處於2200 Έ的溫度下2小 時’於約10秒鐘之内將試驗物的载重量降低至〇,重覆此 操作達至少1000小時以上。此循環疲勞最大應力是試驗物 能夠承受至少1000小時的試驗程序最大載重量。此外,‘‘浸 腐是指添加碳化碎顆粒以填補纖維預先形成物的孔隙,而 渗入疋彳曰使溶融金屬(如:矽)進入經浸潤的纖維預先形 成物中。 第個特點是纖維預先形成物浸泡在不含陶瓷顆粒的界 面活性劑中。本發明的第二個特點是將經浸泡的預先形成 :f於其内有液體媒質(以含水的义。漿狀物爲佳)之有蓋的 谷备中,對系統抽眞空,藉此消除在經浸泡的預先形成物 内部的氣泡。第三個特點中,狀浸潤㈣㈣Μ碳源量 限制在f狀物中添加約0.1重量%和3重量%的%以添加(U 土 1重里/〇的碳爲佳)’藉此眞正消砰經浸潤的碳與石夕之間 應並使#滲人步驟的時間長些,以使得砍渗入更 (讀先聞讀背面之注意事項蒋填寫本頁) 本紙張尺賴财_ -13- 479074 A7 B7 五、發明説明(11 ) — 爲完全。第四個特點中,浸潤用漿狀物另包含碳化矽、少 量碳化硼的二元摻合物,且其中不含有黏著劑。第五個特 點中’纖維預先开》成物在多孔鑄模中藉加壓鑄造方式而以 漿狀物浸潤,藉此使得預先形成物浸_更趨完全。第六個 特點中,碳化矽漿狀物浸潤程序持續進行至纖維預先形成 物完全被浸潤之後,使得未經加工的碳化矽完全塗覆或“過 度成長’’於預先形成物的表面上,藉此使得後續的整理能夠 提供較低的表面糙度。本發明的第七個特點中,滲入經浸 潤的纖維預先形成物所用的矽被碳所飽和,藉此降低 Sic塗層溶解於熔融矽中的可能性,並延長滲入時間而使其 更爲緻密。第八個特點中,欲用於矽滲入步驟的矽被處理 成包含矽和樹脂的塗覆配料,使此配料分佈於CFCC纖維預 先形成物面上,藉此使得滲入期間的矽分佈更爲均勻。第 九個特點中,使用經上述方式修飾今強度高但分解溫度低 的纖維,使得矽滲入步驟的實施溫度(即,約1410。〇至1450 =)和時間、(即,約15至240分鐘)不會分解此高強度纖維且 犯使滲入心全。第十個特點中,提出一種非氧化物陶瓷纖 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 維強化的H複合物,其導熱性高、循環疲勞最大應力高 且終極抗張延伸率高。 ^第一個特點中,在以漿狀物浸潤之前,纖維預先形成物 浸泡在不含陶瓷顆粒的界面活性劑中。法中的浸泡 奋f中口有Sic顆粒’本方法的浸泡溶液以不含有這樣的顆 粒爲佳不希望被理論所限制,咸信¥cMurtiy浸泡法(以襯 有濾紙的玻璃漏斗眞空脱水)無法提供完全浸泡的效果,因 ___ - 14圃 本紙張尺度適用中 479074 A7 B7 五、發明説明(12 ) 此在浸泡液中添加SiC顆粒以確保纖維至少被siC顆粒部分 塗覆。已經發現到本方法(包括加壓浸泡通過多孔铸物)比 McMurtiy法更能夠使漿狀物浸潤纖維預先形成物,也因此而 不廣在况泡液中含括SiC顆粒。基本上,浸泡此纖維預先形 成物界面活性劑溶液中包含去離子水和不超過約2重量%的 非離子性潤濕劑(如:2重量%1^奶!11-1〇〇界面活性劑,包含 異-辛基苯氧基多乙氧基乙醇)。 本發明的第二個特點中,將經浸泡的預先形成物置於其 内有液體媒質(以含水的SiC漿狀物爲佳)之有蓋的容器中, 對系統抽眞空,藉此消除陷在經浸浸的預先形成物内部的 氣泡。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 第三個特點中,將在浸潤用漿狀物中的碳添加量限定於 低於傳統用量。意外地發規到:在漿狀物中使用其量比慣 用量來得少的碳,即使SiC纖維預先形成物有BN/Sic雙重塗 層也能夠使矽完全滲入。此發現令人訏異,因爲此技藝原 先並不知道漿狀物中的碳濃度要低至怎樣的程度(即,碳的 添加量介於0.1重量%和3重量%之間的漿狀物)才能夠成功 地用表在相當低溫(即,介於约141〇 C和1450 °C之間)下進行 的矽滲入法中。雖然McMurtry的實例I指出漿狀物中未添加 碳,但該實例的矽滲入溫度是1500 X:。不希望爲理論所 限,咸信未經加工的物體中的SiC纖維網路在無碳的情況下 作爲熔融合金的傳送導管,因此,這樣低的碳含量也不會 對矽的潤濕性質造成負面影響。 此外’降低浸潤用漿狀物中的碳含量也會降低後續溶融 -15- 本ϋ尺度適用中國國家標準(CNf) M規格(210><297公^ —-- 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印f 479074 A7 ~___ ___B7__ 五、發明説明(13 ) --- 矽和碳滲入步驟中之滲入的滲入矽和碳之間之於當場形成 碳化矽的放熱反應程度。此狀況使得所用的溫度二園^得 較大,也不必再預斯溫度會因爲碳一矽反應而提高1〇〇 t至 200 C其因此而造成的纖維分解情況。此使得吾等可以使用 高強度Hi-Nkal〇n™纖維,而不必擔心它在預先形成物完全滲 入基本上必須的矽滲入條件下期間内會被分解。 藉由降低漿狀物中的碳含量,消除了許多與傳統熔融滲 入法有關的問題,能夠製得填料完全緻密且均勻、孔隙極 少、沒有未反應掉之殘存的自由碳、無填料破裂的情況、 尺寸控制獲得改善且不會有塗層/纖維分解的情況之較佳的 複合物。 漿狀物中所添加的碳基本上是細粒碳、膠態碳或可提供 破的樹脂。所添加的碳量以所添加的碳源經熱解之後所留 下的炭計。 本發明之較佳的實施例中,滲入用漿狀物中的外加碳量 介於0.1重量%和3重量%之間,以介於〇1重量%和1重量% 之間爲佳。 因此,在較佳的實施例中,提出一種包含下列連續步線 方法: a) 形成包含碳化矽的纖維預先形成物, b) 將預先形成物浸泡在包含0丨重量%至3重量%碳的漿狀 物中,及 c) 使包含矽的填料合金滲入此預先形成物中。 依照此方法,所得的CFCC所含之當場形成的/?-碳化矽含 -16- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} -^· -訂 Η/νυ/4 Α7 五、發明説明(‘ 量基本上低於10體積%。 第四個特點中,SlC浸潤用裝狀物亦包含^碳化^少量 碳化·的二元摻合物,其中不含有黏著劑組份。此浆狀物 中的碳财组份基本上包含顆粒尺寸介於约Μ和Q8微米之 間的細粒組份和顆粒尺寸介於约^15微米之間的粗粒組 份。較佳的情況是H田粒、组份佔t狀物的%重量%至分 重量%,而粗粒組份佔漿狀物的i重量%至3〇重量%。此碳 化矽的二元本質使得多孔預先形成物達到較高的填充率, 因此使得未經加工的物體和緻密化的^€〇:二者的孔隙度較 低已、、、二發現到·使用SiC顆粒的細粒一元配料會使得填充 欠佳,過度收縮及過度乾燥,而使用粗粒一元配料將無法 完全滲入纖維束中。碳化硼在漿狀物中的量基本上介於05 重里%和5重量%之間。此碳化硼組份提供改善複合物之抗 氧化性的優點。咸信當有破裂情況產生時,硼氧化且使破 裂處復原。也意外地發現到:去除漿狀物中的黏合劑組份 (在McMmtry法中所用的是矽酸鈉)不會降低未經加工物或緻 始、化的CFCC之強度。基本上,未經加工物須要有黏合劑以 達到可被接受的未加工強度。因此,在較佳的實施例中, 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 漿狀物中沒有黏合劑組份。此漿狀物也可以包括慣用量的 去沐劑和分散劑。 在較佳的實施例中,此漿狀物可包含25至55重量%的細 粒碳化矽、1至30重量%的粗粒碳化矽、〇.5至5重量%的碳 化硼、20至65重量%的去離子水、〇至1重量。/〇的抗絮凝 劑、0至0.2重量%的去沫劑、〇至0.5重量%界面活性劑及〇 -17 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 479074
A
7 B 五、發明説明(15 ) 至5重量%的竣源。較佳的漿狀物之固體含量介於46和75重 量%之間,pH介於7和10.5之間。 一些實施例中,漿狀物的典型配方可以包括下列組份: 漿狀物1 漿狀物2 漿狀物3 漿狀物4 漿狀物5 總量 84.75 83.49 84.24 54.51 75.23 SiC細粒 56.44 50.09 46.33 35.43 4S.90 SiC粗粒 28.31 33.40 37.91 19.08 26.33 Si€ B4C 0.59 0.58 1.26 0.34 0.47 去離子水 55.1 372 40.1 43.3 59,8 固體% 62 70 69 60 57.5 去絮凝劑 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 <1% 去泳劑 0.07 ,0.05 0.1 0.027 <1% 界面活性劑 0.76 0J3 0.73 0.073 0.1 外加的碳 4.07 3.99 4.04 1.52 0.8 更佳的實施例中,去絮凝劑是共聚物,如:SMA 1440H(50% 溶液),AlOCHEM, North America in Philadelphia, Peimsylvania 提供;去珠劑是 DB-31 乳劑,Ashland Chemical Company of Tonawands,NY提供;pH以Na0H調整;界面活性劑 是規基多元醚醇,如:Triton X-100,JT Baker of Phillipsburg,New Jersey提供;所加的碳是Dernsol碳黑分散液(56 %固體), Degvssa of Frankfurt, Germany 4¾ # ° -18- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製. 479074 A7 B7 16 五、發明説明( 在第五個實施例中,纖維預先形成物在多孔鑄模中藉加 壓造方式而被滲入,藉此使得預先形成物的浸潤更趨完 全。較佳的實施例中,纖維預先形成物和鑄模複製最終 CFCC組件的幾何形狀和尺寸。基本上,此鑄模是多孔石春 鑄模,澆鑄壓力介於约2〇kPa和200kPa之間。已經發現:使 用多孔鑄模和加壓淹鑄法所形成的CFCC之浸潤程度比 McMurtry所提出的方法(在大氣壓下澆鑄通過内襯有遽紙的 玻璃漏斗)來得高。此外,McMurtry法中所用的漏斗只能夠 單向導引時,本發明的多孔鑄模的導引方式使其遍佈於預 先形成物的表面上。此能夠均勻遍佈於預先形成物表面上 的能力使得形狀複雜者亦能被浸潤。這是McMurtry法所無法 達到的。 因此,根據本發明,提出一種用以製造經浸潤的纖維預 先形成物的加壓澆鑄法,其步驟包含·· a) 形成纖維預先形成物,其中包含: i) 20體積%至80體積%經塗覆的纖維,此纖維包含碳化 石夕, ii) 介於20體積%至80體積%之間的孔隙度, b) 形成具有一個深槽的多孔鑄模, c) 將纖維預先形成物置於此深槽中, d) 使纖維預先形成物與包含水和陶瓷顆粒的漿狀物接觸 而使漿狀物的陶瓷顆粒滲入纖維預先形成物的孔隙中,及 e) 於加壓條件下,將槳狀物中的水導至多孔鎊模中,形 成孔隙度比纖維預先形成物來得低之未經加工的物體。 -19- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁}
經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7
發明説明 較佳的情況是,浸潤處理期間所用的壓力介於約2〇砂&和 約200kPa之間。此鑄模以熟石膏爲佳ό以此方法製得之形狀 複雜的未經加工物之孔隙度基本上介於15體積%和邓體積 %之間。 在第六個實施例中,此碳化矽浸潤法使得持續進行至纖 維預先形成物完全被浸潤之後,使得碳化矽顆粒完全覆蓋 於預先形成物的表面上,藉此使得後續的整理能夠提供較 低的表面糙度。在鑄件脱模和乾燥之後,留下“過度成長” 的整體SiC層,得到更細緻的表面。此外,因爲未經加工 2、過度成長的表面整體Sic層比最終緻密化的表面柔軟得 多,且具有良好的未加工強度,因此容易進行額外的表面 整理步驟(如:機械加工)而使得所得到的表面比一般整體 的Sic組件好得多。然後以合金熔融滲入此過度成長的未經 加工物中,以填滿介於sic顆粒之間之剩下的多孔間隙,及 與浸潤的外加碳反應而在纖維預先形成物内及整體Sic表面 層上當場形成Sic。然後將最終的CFCC轉變成具平滑及所欲 表面足完全緻密的複合物,這樣的表面是使用其他的CFCC 法(如:C VI)不容易獲致或須高花費才能獲致的。 此過度成長法可以在任何形狀(包括平板和圓筒狀)的 CFCC上進行。在一個較佳的實施例中,圓筒狀的纖維預先 形成物在圓筒的外徑和鋅模表面之間以小間隔(低於〇5公 分)方式浸潤,藉此使得整體層堆積在外徑上。浸潤處理持 續直到過度成長層亦堆積在内徑上爲止^在脱模和乾燥之 後,切削内徑以形成粗糙表面,研磨外徑以形成平滑表 -20- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210x^97公釐) 479074 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(18 ) 面。熔融滲入之後,輕易得到具有所欲表面(外徑平滑,内 徑粗糙)的組件。 使用過度成長法,能夠以經濟的方式得到表面高度平滑 的CFCC。此使得粗糙的陶瓷複合物可以用於航空動力有其 重要性的許多應用上。此外,本發明亦提出在飛行器或氧 體局輪應用(此處,熱流和氣流都是要達到最佳效能的重要 參數)上作爲燃燒器襯墊之CFCC所欲的表面。利用本發 明’可以將這兩種表面作成遠離氣流的粗糙表面(以達到最 適合的散熱效果)和接近氣流的平滑表面(以使氣流動力達 最適合的情況)。 因此,根據本發明,提出一種使CFCC上具有平滑表面的 方法,其步驟包含: a) 形成一種纖維預先形成物,包含: 1)20體積%至8〇體積%經塗覆的纖維,此纖維包含碳化 石夕, ii)介於20體積%至體積%之間的孔隙度, b) 以包含陶瓷顆粒的漿狀物浸潤此纖維預先形成物的孔 隙,形成孔隙度比纖維預先形成物和外表面來得低之未經 加工的物體(孔隙度以介於15體積%和3〇體積%之間爲 佳),及 c) 使陶瓷顆粒位於未經加工的物體的外表面上,而在未 、,'二加工的物體的外表面上形成陶瓷顆粒的整體層,及視情 況所須的, d) 機械加工此整體層至表面糙度抱不超過2⑻微英吋微 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 衣. 訂 -21 479074 A7 B7 五、發明説明( 19 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印繁 米)。 在一些實施例中,此整體層包含碳化矽細粒且孔隙度介 於30體積%和60體積%之間。 在一些實施例中,此方法另包含下列步驟: e) 以包含熔融矽的填料合金滲入此未經加工的物體中, 和 f) 修整此有熔融物滲入的複合物至表面糙度不超過英忖。 本發明的第七個特點中,碳溶解在熔融滲入步驟中所用 的合金中,溶解至飽和點或超過飽和點,藉此降低sic纖維 上的CVD-SiC外保護層因爲熔融合金而溶解的動力,並使得 合金的渗入更完全。減少溶融合金附著在Cvd碳化碎外保 護層上的風險’可以設計合金滲入步骤而達到更完全的緻 逢化政果。基本上’此合金複合物包含至少如重量%的 石夕。 不希望爲理論所限,咸信SiC _熔融矽的交互作用經由三 步驟機構而發生。首先,來自CVD外保護層的SiC顆粒以矽 和碳形式溶解於熔融矽中。溶解之後,緊鄰溶解的siC塗層 之熔融珍中的碳濃度變得比位置較遠的溶融部分來得高, 因此在溶融矽中形成碳濃度梯度。這樣的濃度梯度是一種 動力’虽含碳的區域中碳被運送到缺碳的區域。移動的破 溶質與路程中的大Sic顆粒遭遇時,它使用sic顆粒作爲成 核位置並再由溶液中沉澱出來而經由再結晶作用形成較夫 的Sic顆粒。熔融矽附著的淨結果是來自塗層的細粒sic溶 -22- 本紙張尺度朗中關家標準(CNS) A4規格(21Qx297公瘦) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
-1T 舞 479074 A7 B7 五、發明説明(20 ) 解及在其他的地方長出較大的sic顆粒,因此siC塗層持續 被溶融矽所溶解,即使Sic在矽中的溶解度受到限制時亦 然。因爲顯示控制Sic塗層溶解的主要關键是碳濃度梯度, 因此,使用有碳溶解於其中之事先作成合金的矽能夠減少 或消除熔融矽中之碳濃度梯度的形成,導致連續移除溶解 的碳的轉運程序也就不會發生。因爲碳化矽纖維通常是細 粒’且因爲其與前述相同的分解機構可能有關,所以矽-碳 合金也會阻止Sic細粒纖維之溶解,儘量減少或消除這些問 遞’此溶融滲入法的進行會更完全。此外,使溶融秒中有 碳溶質也有降低矽之熔點的效果,藉此可以使用較低的溫 度並降低SiC纖維分解的風險。據此,使用矽_碳合金有阻 止SiC塗層溶解(及因爲相同的機構而能夠阻止細粒sic纖維 溶解)及降低所欲處理溫度的雙重優點。 本發明之合金的一個實施例可藉由在熔融矽中添加約 0.003重量%至10重量%的碳而製得。其基本上是藉由使石夕 和碳粉間单地混合及使其於南於溶融渗入程序的溫度下溶 解而製得。然後,基本上將此合金冷部至固態,固體粉碎 成可用的顆粒尺寸。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 ,---- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} __ 亦相信使氮溶解入熔融矽中可以有效地減少硬附著於今 氮的塗層(如:氮化硼塗層)上的情況。因此,根據本發 明,提出一種方法,其步驟包含: a)形成包含具有至少一個塗層的非氧化物陶堯纖維之纖 維預先形成物,此塗層包含選自包括碳、氮、鋁和鈇的元 素, -23- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210x297公釐) 479074 A7 B7 五、發明説明(21 b)加熱包含金屬性滲入物(以矽爲佳)和有預定量的元素 溶解於其中的填料合金,及 Θ使填料合金滲入纖維預先形成物中^ 亦根據本發明,提出一種複合物,包含·· a) 包含具有至少一個塗層的非氧化物陶瓷纖維之纖維預 先形成物,此塗層包含選自包栝碳、氮、鋁和鈦的元素, 及 、 b) 種填料合金,其中,此填料合金包含溶解於其中的 元素。 、 此複合物之較佳的實施例中,非氧化物纖維經氮化硼内 部脱離用塗料和碳化矽外部保護用塗料塗覆,且此填料合 金包含溶解於其中的硼和碳。 口 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印掣 ------T--衣-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 、11 基本上’此填料合金的金屬性滲入物是硬。但是,也可 以使用其他的金屬性滲入物,只要其熔解溫度低於纖維預 先形成物所選用的非氧化物纖維之分解溫度且具有抗氧化 性即可。舉例言之,適當的金屬性滲入物包括矽、鋁和任 何溶點低於纖維之分解溫度的他種金屬及它們的混合物。 選用矽作爲金屬性滲入物時,它通常佔填料合金總重的至 少80重量%,以至少95重量%爲佳。在一些適合用來作爲 SL化朋之内在脱離塗層和碳化砍之外在保護層之雙重塗層 之較佳的實施例中,此合金包含:a)介於80重量〇/〇和99 997 重量%之間的矽,b)介於0.003重量%和10重量%之間的碳, 和C)介於1重量%和1〇重量%之間的硼。 至少有一包含碳(如:碳化矽)的塗層之例子中,此合金 -24 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製
五、發明説明C 包含至少90重f %的碎和至少約α刪重量%溶解的碳(以元 素计)。在至少有一塗層包含氮(如:氮化硼或氮化銘)的實 施例中,此合金包含至少!重量%的氮(以元素計)。在至少 有一塗層包含氮(如:氮化鋁)的一些實施例中,此合金包 含至少1重量%溶解的鋁&在至少有一塗層包含鈦(如:二 硼化鈦)的一些實施例中,此合金包含至少j重量%溶解的 鈦。實施上,僅須在合金中添加非常少量的元素,使合金 飽含7G素。在一些實施例中,碳的存在量相當於合金加熱 至1410 °C之飽和程度的至少5〇 %。 … 第八個實施例中,以及爲了要有助於合金的滲入,提出 一種包含矽和樹脂的塗覆配料。在滲入步驟之前,將此塗 覆配料置於未經加工的CFCC纖維預先形成物至少一面上, 藉此使得滲入期間的矽分佈更爲均句。在適用於形狀簡單 的CFCC預先形成物(如:平板)之塗覆配料的一個例子中, 將其量與實質上所含矽量與使預先形成物完全緻密所須之 矽量相同的塗覆配料引至長和寬與預先形成物相同的平板 床中;然後直接將此纖維預先形成物置於塗覆配料床的頂 面上’及將此合併物置於爐中。因爲纖維預先形成物的一 面的每個部分都與塗覆配料直接接觸,因此便大幅降低了 矽穿越以完全滲入未經加工的CFCC中的最大距離(通常降 至不超過0.3公分),且可以達到完全且均勻的熔融滲入效 果。當熔融滲入效果完全時,殘留的塗覆配料是多孔的&ic 海綿,易於自緻密化的CFCC組件上分離。 同時,因爲能夠準確地控制欲滲入的區域及所用的碎總 25 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X29?公釐) ------r---- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} ~、'^τ A7
4/y〇74 A7 B7 24 五、發明説明( 滲入組份時,基本上’矽中至少50重量%之顆粒尺寸不超 過4耄米。在一些實施例中,此樹脂包含液態酚醛樹脂^ 特別佳的實施例中,提出一種將具有表面的多孔碳化矽 加以石夕化的方法,其步驟包含·· a) 提供一種包含矽和樹脂的塗覆配料, b) 將此塗覆配料置於多孔碳化矽體的至少一部分表面 上,及 c) 將此塗覆配料加熱至足以使矽熔解且熔解的矽滲入多 孔碳化矽體之孔洞中的溫度。 在其他較佳的實施例中,滲入材料包含矽,且矽在塗覆 配料中的量介於多孔體之孔隙體積的1〇〇%和2〇〇%之間。其 他的情況中’多孔體表面有一輪廓,塗覆配料作成與多孔 體表面之輪廓相合者。換言之,將此塗覆配料置於多孔體 的面上’使得多孔體任何部分與塗覆配料之間的最遠距離 不會超過1公分。換言之,多孔體的面具曲線輪廓,塗覆 配料中的樹脂固化,塗覆配料的一部分之形狀實質上與多 孔體面的輪廓相類似。 在第九個實施例中,使用至少一些前述修飾方式,使得 石夕滲入步驟可於相當低的溫度(即,约1410 °C至Μ50 °C )於短 時間(即’約15至60分鐘)内埠行,此可避免纖維的分解且 能夠維持滲入完全。 因此’根據本發明,提出一種方法,其步驟包含; a) ^出一種包含具有至少一個塗層之非氧化物陶瓷纖維 的纖維預先形成物,此塗層包含選自包括碳、氮、鋁和欽 -27- 本紙張尺度適用( CNS ) A4規格(21QX297公酱) ---衣-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
、-1T 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明説明(25 ) 的塗覆元素,至少纖維和塗層的分解溫度介於·。匚和觸 C之間, (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) =以包含碳切肺且加有01重量%至3重量%碳的浆狀 物次》間此預先形成物, c) 出一種塗覆配料,包含: i) 包含金屬滲入物及塗覆元素的合金,和 ii) 樹脂 Φ將塗覆配料置於多孔碳化矽體的至少一部分表面上, e) 將此塗覆配料加熱至介於141〇至15〇〇 ^ (以介於 C和1450 C之間爲佳)的溫度以熔化此合金,及 f) 以15分鐘至240分鐘的時間,使熔化的合金滲入纖維預 先形成物中,以製得陶瓷纖維強化的陶瓷複合物。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 第十個實施蚵中,提出一種碳化矽纖維強化的陶瓷複合 物,其高強度SiC纖維不會因熔融滲入步驟而分解(藉此步 驟獲致高終極抗張強度和延伸率)且其孔隙基本上藉熔融滲 入步驟而填補(藉此獲致高循環疲勞應力和高導熱性)。較 佳的實施中,提出一種碳化矽纖維強化的碳化矽複合物, 其於2200 °F的最終抗張延伸率至少03 %(較佳時是至少 0.6%)(使用ASTMC1275-94):最終抗張強度至少2〇ksi(較佳時 是至少3〇ksi)(使用ASTM C1275·94 ) ·,於22〇〇 T的導熱性至少 約5.5BTU /小時·英吸· F,於室溫的導熱性至少约8BTU / 小時·英呎·。F ; 2200 °F的循環疲勞最大應力至少2〇ksi, 可參考圖5和6。其表觀孔隙度低於1 〇/。。基本上,此複合 物於當場形成的-碳化碎低於10體積%,以低於3體積%爲 -28- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 479074 A7 B7 26 五、發明説明( 佳。 適用於本發明的纖維包拾任何分解溫度至少约1400 °C (以 至少ΜΙΟΌ爲佳)的非氧化物陶瓷纖維。一些適用的纖維包 括非氧化物陶瓷纖維,如:碳和碳化矽纖維。一個實施例 是使用燒結的碳化矽纖維。其他的實施例中,包含碳化矽 的纖維製自Nippon Carbon Comp抑y,註册名稱爲Hi-Nical〇nTM)或 者是製自Dow Corning的Sic纖維,其註册名稱爲SylramicTM。 一些包含碳化矽的纖維(如;Hi_NieaJ[〇nTM )具有高強度(即, 強度至少200MPa,以至少300MPa爲隹)但於相當低的溫度下 分解(即,這些纖維在暴於溫度介於141〇Ό和ΐ45〇χ:之間(有 時是介於1410°C和142(TC之間)的熔融矽下i小時即分解)。 使用這樣的高強度、中等溫戽的纖維時,本發明的前述特 點直接針對可以減少所用的熔融滲入步驟之嚴苛條件。 在纖維上施用塗層時,以使用非氧化物陶瓷塗層(如: AIN、BN或ΤιΒ2)爲佳。若使用BN塗層,希望其厚度介於約 0.1至3微米之間,介於約〇 3至2微米之間更佳,其通常作 爲内邵的脱離塗層。若使用A1N塗層,希望其厚度介於约工 至15微米之間。若使用碳化矽塗層,特別是作爲雙重塗層 的外保護層時,其厚度以介於i至15微米之間爲佳。此塗 層亦说谷忍南溫的熔融矽,因此本發明之方法幫助此塗層 度過滲入步驟。 達成本發明的一個較佳的方法中,此漿狀物包含約i重 量%至約30重量%的粗粒碳化矽、约25重量%至約%重量% 的、田粒奴化梦、無黏著劑、約〇·5重量%至5重量%的凌化硼 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ,· 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 -29-
479074 五、發明説明(: 及21重量%至26重量%的去離子水。此漿狀物研磨丨至4小 時,以確保其均勻度。藉由在漿狀物中添加氫氧化銨的方 式而將漿狀物的pH調整至介於8和1〇之間。研磨之後,以 34-38重量%的去離子水稀釋此漿狀物,製得碳化矽固體含 量爲57-58重量%的漿狀物。將碳源加至漿狀物中,使得漿 狀物中有0.1重量%至1重量%外加的碳存在。同時,適當量 之燒結的SiC纖維以梭織預先形成物形式浸泡在含有约2 % 或以下之非離子性潤濕劑(如,· Triton x_1〇〇界面活性劑)的水 溶液中。然後將此預先形成物浸在碳化矽的水性漿狀物中, 抽眞空以抽離預先形成物中的氣泡。然後將經界面活性劑 處理的纖維預先形成物置於多孔石骨模中。然後將此漿狀 物倒入多孔模中。對聚狀物施壓(2〇-20〇kPa )以促進siC顆粒 浸潤入預先形成物中,及脱水。由未經加土的部份移除過 里的漿狀物’然後使所得的餺件完全乾燥而形成未經加工 的物體。然後藉由珍溶融滲入而使此未經加工的物體完全 緻密。矽滲入溫度範園介於1400 Ό和1500 °C之間。在一些使 用溫度敏感的纖維的實施例中,熔融滲入程序於多 145〇 °C進行,更常於MOO °c至142〇。<:進行。在這樣的情沉 下,滲入期間可以由約1 5分鐘至4小時,以約20分鐘至約 40分鐘爲佳。此程序以於眞空條件下進行爲佳(以消除緻密 化的物體中的氣泡)’但也可以在大氣壓下於惰性氣體中進 實施。 基本上,此複合物包含介於約20體積%和80體積%之間 之經塗覆的纖維(更常是介於約40體積%和70體積%之間) -30- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X29?公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項存填寫本買)
4T 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 -----------B7 五、發明説明(28 ) '〜"·^ 和介於約丨體積%^體積%之間的碳化碎(更常是介 15 m :^ %和30體積% <間)及介於约i體積%和%體積%之間 的滲入合金(更常是介於約15體積%和3〇體積%之間)。 CFCC之緻密化的填料部份的表觀孔隙度底於i體積%。 若碳化矽進料有大量雜質(如:有至少5〇A厚的矽石 層),則此合金滲入步驟可以籍由矽石的還原步驟來進行, 其中,使未經加工的物體處於還原性氣氛、介於約i3〇〇 C 和1330 °C之間妁溫度下達半小時。因爲許多熔融滲入壚具 有石墨加熱元件,所以可以將此還原程序設計成亦在合金 具正滲入义可,於相同的熔融滲入加熱操作時進行的方 式,且設計成溫度循環的一部分。
實例I 此實例檢驗在熔融矽中添加少量碳而形成飽含碳的矽合 金在熔融滲入步驟之影響。 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 约94克矽粉(尺寸_· 30-80mesh)與約1克约Raven 1255碳黑和 約5克的SB 95元素態硼混合。將此混合物裝載入覆有BN粉 末漿狀物的石墨掛銷中(以免合金黏在石墨堆鋼上)。然後 將此坩鍋置於眞空爐中,於眞空下加熱至約145〇 t達1小 時’以使Si-C-B混合物完全熔化而形成合金。在冷卻之後, 將飽含碳的Si合金粉碎成粉末(尺寸钓ΐ6ι此Sh ),以用以製備 熔融滲入用的“塗覆配料”。 約9U克前述之飽含粉碎的碳的合金與6.8克Varcum 29353 液態鹼酸樹脂及2克Raven 1255竣黑混合而製得溶融滲入用的 塗覆配料。SiC纖維預先形成物(Hi-Nicalon™纖維,8目緞織 -31 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 一 479074
發明説明( 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 紋,覆以0.5微米BN和4微米SiC)置於石膏模中,將水性Sic 漿狀物以漿狀物鑄造法作成未經加工的板。在熔融滲入步 驟之的,先將此未經加工的板切成兩段。將其中的一段置 於由飽含碳的矽製成之有矽滲入的“塗覆配料,,頂面,另一 段則置於由未飽含碳的矽製得之有矽滲入的塗覆配料頂 面。將這兩個樣品一起放入欲進行熔融滲入程序的眞空爐 中。這兩個樣品所用的榕融滲入條件是145〇、6〇分鐘。 熔融滲入之後,切割樣品,截面向上,以冶金方式研磨 以詳細足出其性質。以光學顯微方式檢驗此截面,顯示這 兩個樣品的差異頗大。以一般未飽含碳的矽熔融滲入的樣 品與SiC強烈黏附,BN塗層和SiC纖維密合(其反應區由附圖 1中之纖維其破裂的塗層的淡色區辨認)。脱離的塗層和纖 維部分受損,熱機械性質將大幅降低。事實上,此CFCC的 終極抗張強度和延伸率分別僅爲3s3ksi和038%。另一方 面’由事先作成合金之飽含碳的矽之熔融滲入而得的樣 品’完全沒有反應(參考附爾2 ),因此,可以得到極佳的複 合物性質。事實上’本發明的此CFCC之終極抗張強度和延 伸率分別是54.5ksi和0.62 %。 此實例的附圖2亦可用以檢驗使用其量低於傳統量的碳 在滲入漿狀物中的效果。附圖3是本發明之低倍數的顯微 照片,其顯示前述方法基本上使得未處理的物體被完全滲 入。且表觀(或‘‘開放”)孔隙度基本上是零。附圖3與附圖4 相反,附圖4是使用含有至少約1〇重量%外加碳的漿狀物以 傳統的處理方式製得的CFCC。相對於附圖3的完全緻密 -32- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210x297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 考· 479074 A7 B7 五、發明説明(30 ) 化,附圖4材料的緻密程度低,這導致CFCC微結構的孔隙 度高及填料破裂。
實例II 此實例提出一種製備本發明之塗覆配料和其於滲入形狀 複雜的纖維預先形成物方面之使用。 製得有圓弧形末端和四個安定翼之管狀的多孔纖維預 先形成物(直徑約18公分,高約28公分)以前述的碳化矽漿 狀物浸泡。 同時,94重量%的矽顆粒(so—gomesh商業級)和5重量%硼 (SB 95)及1重量%碳(Raven 1255)以抹刀以手混合。然後將此混 合物置於經BN塗覆的石墨盒中。此b n塗層避免合金和石 墨之間的反應及黏合。此混合物於眞更下加熱至1450 °C達1 小時,以使矽熔化而形成矽滲入用合金。在冷卻之後,將 固態的渗入用合金粉碎成約l6mesh大小的顆粒。 以手摻合,製得含有約91.2重量% 16mesh矽滲入用合金、 約2.0重量%碳(Raven 125句和約6.8重量%酚醛樹脂(Varcum 29353) 的塗覆配料。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 爲了要使預先形成物和塗覆配料之間緊密接觸及爲了要 確保塗覆配料均勻地施用在預先形成物上,構築截斷且堆 疊的石墨内邵固定物,如附圖7所示者。設計此固定物1, 在其本身和預先形成物3之間形成間/隔物2,使得塗覆配料 可以簡便地倒在間隔物上並搗固。此實例中,此間隔物設 定約0.635公分,塗覆配料的量約完全填滿預先形成物之理 論上所須量的1.4倍。 -33- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X29?公釐) " ' 479074 A7 B7 31 五、發明説明( 固定物1包含分隔、可層疊的環91、92和93,其使得塗覆 配料以规則的間隔搗固。僅使用環91時,此塗覆配料倒在 介於纖維預先形成物和環91之間的間隔物中且搗固。然 後,將環92置於環91上方,再倒入額外的塗覆配料並鶴 固。以更高的環重覆此程序直到未經加工的預先形成物内 徑與塗覆配料完全接觸爲止P亦將塗覆配料泥置於與兩個 拉環表面及預先形成物接觸的安定翼4上。 將此未經加工的預先形成物/塗覆配料/固定物組合加熱 至約120 C以使塗覆配料中的樹脂組份固化。然後,一次以 一個環片段移走固定物。然後,在眞空條件下,將未鮮卢 理的預先形成物/塗層組合加熱至介於约1410 °C至约^50 t 的溫度,以使塗覆配料的合金組份熔化,並以溶化的八^ 滲入預先形成物中。熔融滲入程序完全時,殘餘的塗層是 多孔的SiC海綿,其容易自矽化的複合物移走。附圖$顯示 此經滲入處理的複合物。因爲精確地控制所用的矽總量, 因此只有非常少量過量的矽,以此方式處理的表面非常乾 淨0 實例ΠΙ 此實例試驗滲入層的過度成長對於纖維預先形 的影響。 、 表面 製自5 HS Hi-Nicalon SiC纖維織紋的扁平矩型纖維預先形 物(6英忖χ3英〜_8射)在石#模中進行漿狀物濟= 序。澆鑄期間内,小心以確保沒有任何其他的整體表主 積聚。脱模及乾燥之後,未經加工的複合平板經燦融渗^ -34 本紙張尺歧财) A4規^210X297公慶丁 -1·— κ - - —IU !* ml I (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 钉J— M濟部中央榡準局員工消費合作社印製 479074 A7 B7 五 、發明説明( 32 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 而形成緻密的複合物。觀察此平板的表面紋理(正面和背面) 以確定起始的梭織物的表面糙度是否相同。使用尖筆輪廓 測疋器以用於經加工的CFCC表面之相同的方式進行表面的 疋性試驗。得知其表面糙度値高,爲560微英吋。 然後製造第二個類似的纖維預先形成物。但此時使澆鎿 法持續直到預先形成物内部充份浸潤爲止。其結果是:整 to SiC内層(厚约至少⑽英忖)殿積在纖維板的一個面上。 在脱模和乾燥之後,“未經加工的” Sic表面以砂紙和手握式 與橡膠結合的鑽石輪稍微研磨至约1〇密耳厚。此“未經加工 的’,平板以與第一者相同的方式進行熔融滲入處理。此平板 在滲入熔融之後之“過度澆鑄,,的表面比背面光滑得多。其 外觀與原來粗糙的預先形成物表面紋理不同q在此平板上 測得的輪廓表面糙度+得多,是85微英吋。顯然,以改良 的表面處理(如:刷淨)或未經力工物的機械加工程序,容 易得到較佳的表面。 顯然地’前述的本發明之方法和材料對於陶瓷複合物之 製^有③貝上的幫助。前面的措述和實例用來作爲本發明 的各種技巧和材料的何證,不欲以其限制本發明之範圍, 本發明之範圍包括下列申請專利範園及它們的對等實施例 之範園中之所有的修飾和變化。舉例言之,此陶瓷纖維預 先形成物包括已進行過浸潤和渗入步驟的碳纖維預先形成 物〇 .—— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -1Τ -35-
Claims (1)
- 第86118100號專利申請案 申凊專利範圍修正本(9〇年 六、申請專利範圍1. 一種方法,其步驟包含: /)提供包含具有至少一層塗層的非氧化物陶瓷纖維之 纖維預先形成物,此塗層包含碳; 田b)熔融包含矽和溶解於其中的於〇〇〇3重量%及丨〇重 量%間之碳以形成熔融合金;及 c )使溶融合金滲入纖維預先形成物中。 2 ·=據中^專利範圍第丨項之方法’其中纖維預先形成物包 含含有碳化石夕的纖維,且溶解的碳係以當合金加熱至 1410 C時相當於其在合金中飽和量之至少之量存在 於合金中。 3·根據申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中包含碳化碎的纖維 具分解溫度介於141〇。(:和1450 °C之間,且熔融合金具有溫 度介於1410 °C和1450。(:之間。 4.根據中請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中包含碳财的纖維 經至少一種分解溫度介於1410 t和1450 °C之間的塗料塗 覆。 5 ·根據申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中具有分解溫度介於 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 H10 C和1450 °C之間之塗料是碳化矽,且溶解碳係以當合 金加熱至1410°C時,其相對於合金中飽和量之至少1〇〇% 的f存在於合金中。 6 ·根據申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中包含碳化矽的纖維 &氮化侧内部脫離用塗料和碳化硬外部保護用塗料塗 覆’且炫融合金進一步包含至少1重量%之溶解氮。 7 . —種方法,其步驟包含: 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNs ) μ規格(210 X 297公釐) "+/^υ/4 Α8 Β8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 物 0挺供種包含含有碳化矽之纖維的纖維預先形成 經濟部中央榡準局員工消費合作社印製 b)使包含介於〇1重量%和3重量%添加碳的漿狀物滲入 此纖維預先形成物中;及 C)使包含矽的填料合金於1410 °C和1450。(:之間的溫度下 度潤此預先形成物,其中添加碳及熔融合金反應,以提 供具有低於1 %孔隙度及少於3體積%原處碳化矽之滲透 體。 ’ 8 ·根據申凊專利範圍第7項之方法,其中漿狀物包含介於 0 · 1 - 1重量%間之添加碳。 9 ·根據申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中漿狀物另包含碳化 秒的二元捧合物。 10·根據中請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中二元摻合物包含 粒尺寸介於約〇·1和0.8微米之間的細粒組份,和顆粒尺 介於約1和15微米之間的粗粒組份。 11.根據申請專利範圍第1〇項之方法,其中,細粒組份佔 狀物的25重量%至55重量%,而粗粒組份佔漿狀物的i 量%至30重量%。 12·根據申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中漿狀物另包含 重量%至5重量°/。的碳化碎。 13. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中漿狀物不含黏合 組份。 14. 一種以滲入物均勻地滲入包含含有碳化矽之纖維的多 體中之方法,此纖維具有分解溫度不高於1 4 5 0 °C,及 顆寸 漿重 0.5 劑 孔 請 先 閲 背 Λ 之 注 意 事 項 再-2 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梂準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 479074 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 個表面,其步驟包含: a) 提供一種包含滲入材料和樹脂的塗覆配料,此配料 之形式適合與多孔體的至少一部分有緊密的接觸; b) 將塗覆配料置於欲進行滲入處理的多孔體之表面部 分的主要部分上; c) 將此塗覆配料加熱至足以使滲入材料熔融的溫度, 並使熔融的滲入物滲入多孔體的孔洞中。 15·根據申請專利範圍第1 4項之方法,其中塗覆配料被加熱 至不超過約1450 °C的溫度。 16·根據申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中另包含在步驟b) 之前將塗覆配料中的樹脂加以固化的步驟。 根據申請專利範圍第1 5項之方法,其中滲入材料包含 18. 根據申請專利範圍第丨7項之方法,其中多孔體表面有一 輪廓,且塗覆配料作成與多孔體表面之輪廓相合者。 19. 根據申凊專利範圍第1 7項之方法,其中塗覆配料置於多 孔體的面上,使得多孔體任何部分與塗覆配料之間的最 遠距難不會超過1公分。 經濟部中夬榡準局員工消費合作社印製 2〇·根據申請專利範圍第1 4項之方法,其中多孔體的面具有 曲線輪廓,塗覆配料中的樹脂固化,且塗覆配料的一部 分之形狀實質上與多孔體的面的輪廓類似。 21· —種方法,其步驟包含: a)提供一種纖維預先形成物,其包含: i)介於20體積%至80體積%之間的經塗覆纖維,此纖 -3 -維包含碳化矽;和 u)介於20體積%至80體積%之間的孔隙度; b) 以包含陶瓷顆粒的漿狀物浸入此纖維預先形成物的 、隙中形成孔隙度比纖維預先形成物和外表面來得低 之未經加工的物體,及 _ c) 使陶瓷顆粒澱積在未經加工的物體的外表面上,而 在未經加工的物體的外表面上形成陶瓷顆粒的整體声, 及 曰 d) 機械加工此整體層至表面糙度Ra不超過2〇〇微英吋。 22·根據申請專利範圍第21項之方法,其中整體層包含碳化 矽細粒,且具有孔隙度介於30體積%和60體積%之間。 23·根據申請專利範圍第21項之方法,其中另包含步驟: e) 使含有熔融矽的填料合金滲入未經加工的物體中。 24·根據申請專利範圍第2丨項之方法,其中另包含步驟: e) 以包含溶融矽的填料合金滲入此未經加工的物體 中;和 f) 修整此有熔融物滲入的複合物至表面糙度Ra不超過 50微英吋。 25· —種方法,其包含下列連續步驟: 經濟部中央樣率局員工消費合作社印«. a) 提供一種包含碳化矽的纖維預先形成物; b) 以包含碳化矽顆粒的二元摻合物浸潤此預先形成 物,其中此二元摻合物包含顆粒尺寸介於約〇·1和〇·8微米 之間的細粒組份和顆粒尺寸介於約丨和15微米之間的粗粒 組份;及 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家樣準(CNS ) Α4規格(21〇X297公釐) "T / /^+ Α8 Β8 C8 D8 經濟部中央標率局員工消費合作社印製 申請專利範圍 C )以包含矽的填料合金滲入此預先形成物。 26.根據申請專利範圍第2 5項之方法,其中細粒組份佔漿狀 物的25重量%至55重量%,而粗粒組份佔漿狀物的丨重量 %至30重量%。 27·根據申請專利範圍第2 5項之方法,其中漿狀物另含〇 5重 量%至5重量%的碳化硼。 28.根據申請專利範圍第25項之方法,其中漿狀物不含黏合 劑組份。 29· —種方法,其步驟包含: a)提供一種未經加工的物體,其包含: i) 介於20體積%至80體積%之間的經塗覆纖維,此纖 維包含碳化碎;和 ii) 介於20體積%至80體積%之間的孔隙度; b )將此預先形成物浸泡在基本上由水和界面活性劑構 成的溶液中, c )提供多孔鑄模; d) 將浸濕的纖維預先形成物置入鑄模中; e) 使纖維預先形成物與包含水和陶瓷顆粒的漿狀物接 觸,而使漿狀物的陶瓷顆粒滲入纖維預先形成物的孔隙 中;及 f) 加壓鑄造漿狀物,以形成孔隙度比纖維預先形成物 來得低之未經加工的物體。 30· —種製造經浸潤的纖維預先形成物之加壓鑄造法,其步驟 包含: -5- M氏張尺度適用中國國家梂準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) ---------- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂479074 六、申請專利範圍 a)提供一種未經加工的物體,其包含·· υ介於2〇體積%至8()體積%之間的經塗 維包含碳化矽;和 ii)介於20體積%至80體積%之間的孔隙度,· b )提供多孔鑄模; c )將纖維預先形成物置於此鑄模中; d) 使纖維預先形成物與包含水和陶瓷顆粒的漿狀物接 觸,而使漿狀物的陶瓷顆粒滲入纖維預先形成物的孔隙 中;及 e) 加壓鑄造漿狀物,以形成孔隙度比纖維預先形成物 來得低之未經加工的物體。 3L根據申請專利範圍第30項之方法,其中陶资顆粒包含碳 化矽。 ° 32. 根據申請專利範圍第3 0項之方法,其中加壓鑄造係於介 於20kPa和200kPa之間的壓力下進行。 33. —種方法,其步驟包含: 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印策 a)提供包含具有至少有一層塗層的非氧化物陶瓷纖維 之纖維預先形成物,此塗層包含選自包括碳化矽,此纖 維具分解溫度介於1410 °C和1450 °C之間; b )以包含叙化碎顆粒和介於〇. 1重量%至3重量%之外加 碳的漿狀物浸潤此預先形成物,製成經浸潤之未經加工 的物體; c )提供塗覆配料,其包含: i)包含矽及介於〇 · 0 0 3重量%及1 〇重量%間之溶於其 -6 -中之碳的合金;及 ii)樹脂; 上d)將塗覆配料置於多孔碳化矽物體的至少一部分表面 _ e)將此塗覆配料加熱至介於l4l〇t至145〇它的溫度以 融此合金;及 f)以介於15分鐘至240分鐘的時間,使熔融的合金涞入 纖維預先形成物中,以製得具有少於3體積%原處形成之 蛟化矽及低於1%孔隙度之陶瓷纖維強化的陶瓷複合物。 34.根^請專利範圍第則之方法,其中非氧化物陶親 維是包含碳化矽的纖維。 &根據中請專利範圍第33項之方法,纟中非氧化物陶竞纖 維是碳。 诋根據申請專利範圍第34項之方法,其中包含碳化矽的纖 維具有塗覆於其上之脫離用的氮化硼内層,及保護用的 碳化♦外層。 經濟部中央榡準局員工消費合作社印製 一張 一紙 本 準 梂 家 國 一國 中 用 適 公 7 9 2
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TW (1) | TW479074B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1998024737A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA9710215B (zh) |
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- 1997-11-12 ZA ZA9710215A patent/ZA9710215B/xx unknown
- 1997-12-01 AU AU56884/98A patent/AU722864B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-01 CN CN97180214A patent/CN1239468A/zh active Pending
- 1997-12-01 RU RU99114026/03A patent/RU2176628C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-01 DE DE69728060T patent/DE69728060T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-01 JP JP52570298A patent/JP3483035B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-01 IL IL13019997A patent/IL130199A0/xx unknown
- 1997-12-01 BR BR9714372A patent/BR9714372A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-01 WO PCT/US1997/021874 patent/WO1998024737A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-12-01 EP EP97953063A patent/EP0946460B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-01 CA CA002273100A patent/CA2273100C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-02 TW TW086118100A patent/TW479074B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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1998
- 1998-07-10 US US09/113,993 patent/US6245424B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2176628C2 (ru) | 2001-12-10 |
EP0946460B1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
DE69728060D1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
DE69728060T2 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
AU722864B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 |
JP3483035B2 (ja) | 2004-01-06 |
US6245424B1 (en) | 2001-06-12 |
AU5688498A (en) | 1998-06-29 |
JP2001505522A (ja) | 2001-04-24 |
WO1998024737A1 (en) | 1998-06-11 |
IL130199A0 (en) | 2000-06-01 |
BR9714372A (pt) | 2000-03-21 |
CN1239468A (zh) | 1999-12-22 |
CA2273100C (en) | 2004-05-11 |
CA2273100A1 (en) | 1998-06-11 |
US5840221A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
EP0946460A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
ZA9710215B (en) | 1998-06-03 |
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