TW202319447A - 樹脂組合物、成形體及薄膜 - Google Patents
樹脂組合物、成形體及薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202319447A TW202319447A TW111131661A TW111131661A TW202319447A TW 202319447 A TW202319447 A TW 202319447A TW 111131661 A TW111131661 A TW 111131661A TW 111131661 A TW111131661 A TW 111131661A TW 202319447 A TW202319447 A TW 202319447A
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- polyimide
- bis
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- resin composition
- dianhydride
- Prior art date
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- -1 molded article Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 125000006158 tetracarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NVKGJHAQGWCWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1C(F)(F)F NVKGJHAQGWCWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- YGYCECQIOXZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4415-87-6 Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C2C1C1C(=O)OC(=O)C12 YGYCECQIOXZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 claims description 69
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical class C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LJMPOXUWPWEILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3a,4,4a,7a,8,8a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2CC2C(=O)OC(=O)C21 LJMPOXUWPWEILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WOSVXXBNNCUXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C1C(O)=O WOSVXXBNNCUXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BKQWDTFZUNGWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxycyclohexyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)CCC1C1CC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)CC1 BKQWDTFZUNGWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 99
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- WVOLTBSCXRRQFR-SJORKVTESA-N Cannabidiolic acid Natural products OC1=C(C(O)=O)C(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C1[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(C)=C)CCC(C)=C1 WVOLTBSCXRRQFR-SJORKVTESA-N 0.000 description 33
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 22
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNHKMHUMILUWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1,3-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CC2C(=O)OC(=O)C2CC1C1CC2C(=O)OC(=O)C2CC1 SNHKMHUMILUWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- JPZRPCNEISCANI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1C(F)(F)F JPZRPCNEISCANI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本發明之樹脂組合物包含聚醯亞胺及丙烯酸系樹脂,且聚醯亞胺含有1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐等脂環式四羧酸二酐作為四羧酸二酐成分,含有2,2'-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺等具有全氟烷基之二胺作為二胺成分。相對於聚醯亞胺之四羧酸二酐成分總量,脂環式四羧酸二酐之量較佳為1~80莫耳%。
Description
本發明係關於一種樹脂組合物、及薄膜等成形體。
對於液晶、有機EL(Electroluminescence,電致發光)、電子紙等顯示裝置、或太陽電池、觸控面板等電子器件,要求薄型化、輕量化、以及撓性化。藉由將該等器件中所使用之玻璃材料替換成薄膜材料,可謀求撓性化、薄型化、輕量化。作為玻璃替代材料,業界開發了一種透明聚醯亞胺薄膜,用於顯示器用基板或覆蓋膜等。
通常之聚醯亞胺薄膜可藉由以下方式而獲得:將作為聚醯亞胺前驅物之聚醯胺酸溶液呈膜狀塗佈於支持體上,並進行高溫處理,藉此去除溶劑並進行熱醯亞胺化。然而,用以熱醯亞胺化之加熱溫度較高(例如300℃以上),容易因加熱而發生著色(黃色度上升),故難以應用於顯示器用覆蓋膜等要求高透明性之用途。
作為製造具有高透明性之聚醯亞胺薄膜之方法,業界提出了一種使用可溶於有機溶劑中,且無需於薄膜化後在高溫下進行醯亞胺化之聚醯亞胺樹脂的方法。例如,據專利文獻1中記載,包含雙偏苯三甲酸酐酯類作為四羧酸二酐成分之聚醯亞胺可溶於二氯甲烷等低沸點溶劑中,且透明性及機械強度優異。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]國際公開第2020/004236號
[發明所欲解決之問題]
關於聚醯亞胺,若導入剛性結構,則機械強度得到提昇,但會導致在有機溶劑中之溶解性或透明性降低,先前之透明聚醯亞胺樹脂難以在保持透明性之狀態下,兼顧透明性與高機械強度。鑒於上述問題,本發明之目的在於提供一種透明性較高且具有足夠之機械強度之薄膜等成形體、及用於製作其之樹脂組合物。
[解決問題之技術手段]
本發明人等發現,具有特定化學結構之聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂表現出相容性,利用由其等混合而成之樹脂組合物,能夠在無損聚醯亞胺之優異之機械強度之狀態下製作透明性較高之薄膜,從而解決了上述問題。
本發明之一態樣係關於一種包含聚醯亞胺樹脂及丙烯酸系樹脂之薄膜及樹脂組合物。樹脂組合物可以98:2~2:98之範圍之重量比包含聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂。
聚醯亞胺包含脂環式四羧酸二酐作為四羧酸二酐成分。作為脂環式四羧酸二酐,較佳為1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-環戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸二酐、及1,1'-雙環己烷-3,3',4,4'四羧酸-3,4:3',4'-二酐等,其中,尤佳為1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐。
聚醯亞胺亦可除包含脂環式四羧酸二酐以外還包含選自由含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐所組成之群中之一種以上作為四羧酸二酐成分。
相對於聚醯亞胺之四羧酸二酐成分總量,脂環式四羧酸二酐之量較佳為1~80莫耳%。相對於聚醯亞胺之四羧酸二酐成分總量,脂環式四羧酸二酐、含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐之含量之合計可為50莫耳%以上。
聚醯亞胺包含具有全氟烷基之二胺作為二胺成分。作為具有全氟烷基之二胺,較佳為2,2'-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺等全氟烷基取代聯苯胺。相對於聚醯亞胺之二胺成分總量,具有全氟烷基之二胺之量可為50莫耳%以上。
本發明之一實施方式之薄膜之厚度為5 μm以上300 μm以下,霧度為10%以下,黃色度為2.0以下,拉伸彈性模數為3.3 GPa以上,鉛筆硬度為F以上。
[發明之效果]
由於樹脂組合物中所含之聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂表現出相容性,故可獲得霧度較小之透明薄膜。又,由於聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂表現出相容性,故而能夠在不大幅降低聚醯亞胺之優異之機械強度之狀態下降低著色,能夠製作適合顯示器覆蓋膜等之透明薄膜。
[樹脂組合物]
本發明之一實施方式係包含聚醯亞胺樹脂及丙烯酸系樹脂之相容系之樹脂組合物。
<聚醯亞胺>
聚醯亞胺係藉由以下方式獲得:藉由四羧酸二酐(以下,有時記載為「酸二酐」)與二胺之加成聚合而獲得聚醯胺酸,對該聚醯胺酸進行環化去水。即,聚醯亞胺係四羧酸二酐與二胺之縮聚物,具有源自酸二酐之結構(酸二酐成分)及源自二胺之結構(二胺成分)。
本實施方式中所使用之聚醯亞胺較佳為可溶於有機溶劑者,較佳為相對於N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF),以1重量%以上之濃度溶解者。聚醯亞胺尤佳為除了可溶於DMF等醯胺系溶劑以外,還可溶於非醯胺系溶劑。
(酸二酐)
本實施方式中所使用之聚醯亞胺包含脂環式四羧酸二酐作為酸二酐成分。藉由使酸二酐成分具有脂環結構,使得聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性呈提昇趨勢。脂環式四羧酸二酐只要具有至少1個脂環結構即可,亦可於1分子中具有脂環與芳香環兩者。脂環可為多環,亦可具有螺結構。
作為脂環式四羧酸二酐,可例舉:1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-環戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,3-二甲基環丁烷-1,2,3,4-四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-四甲基-1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸二酐、內消旋-丁烷-1,2,3,4-四羧酸二酐、1,1'-雙環己烷-3,3',4,4'四羧酸-3,4:3',4'-二酐、降𦯉烷-2-螺-α-環戊酮-α'-螺-2''-降𦯉烷-5,5'',6,6''-四羧酸二酐、2,2'-雙降𦯉烷-5,5',6,6'四羧酸二酐、3-(羧甲基)-1,2,4-環戊烷三羧酸1,4:2,3-二酐、雙環[2.2.2]辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、4-(2,5-二側氧四氫呋喃-3-基)-1,2,3,4-四氫化萘-1,2-二羧酸酐、環己烷-1,4-二基雙(亞甲基)雙(1,3-二側氧基-1,3-二氫異苯并呋喃-5-羧酸酯)、5-(2,5-二側氧四氫呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-環己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐、5,5'-[亞環己基雙(4,1-伸苯氧基)]雙-1,3-異苯并呋喃二酮、5-異苯并呋喃羧酸,1,3-二氫-1,3-二側氧基-,5,5'-[1,4-環己烷二基雙(亞甲基)]酯、雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、雙環[2.2.2]辛烷-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、3,5,6-三羧基降𦯉烷-2-乙酸2,3:5,6-二酐、十氫-1,4,5,8-二甲橋萘-2,3,6,7-四羧酸二酐、三環[6.4.0.0(2,7)]十二烷-1,8:2,7-四羧酸二酐、八氫-1H,3H,8H,10H-伸聯苯基[4a,4b-c:8a,8b-c']二呋喃-1,3,8,10-四酮、乙二醇雙(氫化偏苯三甲酸酐)酯、十氫[2]苯并哌喃并[6,5,4,-def][2]苯并哌喃-1,3,6,8-四酮等。
脂環式四羧酸二酐中,就聚醯亞胺之透明性及機械強度之觀點而言,較佳為1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐(CBDA)、1,2,3,4-環戊烷四羧酸二酐(CPDA)、1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸二酐(H-PMDA)或1,1'-雙環己烷-3,3',4,4'四羧酸-3,4:3',4'-二酐(H-BPDA)。其中,就機械強度之觀點而言,較佳為1個脂環上鍵結有2個酸酐基之四羧酸酐,尤佳為1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐。
就提昇聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性之觀點而言,相對於酸二酐成分總量100莫耳%,脂環式四羧酸二酐之含量較佳為1莫耳%以上,更佳為3莫耳%以上,進而較佳為5莫耳%以上,亦可為6莫耳%以上、7莫耳%以上、8莫耳%以上、9莫耳%以上、10莫耳%以上、12莫耳%以上或15莫耳%以上。為保持與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性所需之脂環式四羧酸二酐量有時根據丙烯酸系樹脂、或脂環式四羧酸二酐量之種類等有所不同。例如,於脂環式四羧酸二酐為1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐(CBDA)之情形時,相對於酸二酐成分總量100莫耳%,CBDA之含量較佳為6莫耳%以上,更佳為8莫耳%以上,進而較佳為10莫耳%以上。
就確保聚醯亞胺樹脂在有機溶劑中之溶解性之觀點而言,相對於酸二酐成分總量100莫耳%,脂環式四羧酸二酐之含量較佳為80莫耳%以下,更佳為78莫耳%以下,進而較佳為76莫耳%以下,亦可為74莫耳%以下、72莫耳%以下、70莫耳%以下、65莫耳%以下、60莫耳%以下、55莫耳%以下或50莫耳%以下。為了使聚醯亞胺樹脂在低沸點之非醯胺系溶劑(例如二氯甲烷等鹵素系溶劑)中亦與丙烯酸系樹脂相容,脂環式四羧酸二酐之含量較佳為45莫耳%以下,更佳為40莫耳%以下,亦可為35莫耳%以下。
為了於有機溶劑中使聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂相容,聚醯亞胺較佳為除了包含脂環式四羧酸二酐以外,還包含含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯、或/及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐作為酸二酐成分。
作為含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐,可例舉:2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷二酐、2,2-雙{4-[4-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷二酐等。其中,尤佳為2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷二酐(6FDA)。
雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯由下述通式(1)表示。
通式(1)中之X為任意二價有機基,於X之兩端鍵結有羧基與X之碳原子。與羧基鍵結之碳原子可形成環結構。作為二價有機基X之具體例,可例舉下述(A)~(K)。
式(A)中之R
1為氟原子、碳原子數1~20之烷基、或碳原子數1~20之氟烷基,m為1~4之整數。式(A)所表示之基係自苯環上具有取代基之對苯二酚衍生物中去除2個羥基所得之基。作為苯環上具有取代基之對苯二酚,可例舉:第三丁基對苯二酚、2,5-二第三丁基對苯二酚、2,5-二第三戊基對苯二酚等。
式(B)中之R
2為氟原子、碳原子數1~20之烷基、或碳原子數1~20之氟烷基,n為0~4之整數。式(B)所表示之基係自苯環上可具有取代基之聯苯酚中去除2個羥基所得之基。作為苯環上具有取代基之聯苯酚衍生物,可例舉:2,2'-二甲基聯苯-4,4'-二醇、3,3'-二甲基聯苯-4,4'-二醇、3,3',5,5'-四甲基聯苯-4,4'-二醇、2,2',3,3',5,5'-六甲基聯苯-4,4'-二醇等。
式(C)所表示之基係自4,4'-亞異丙基二酚(雙酚A)中去除2個羥基所得之基。式(D)所表示之基係自間苯二酚中去除2個羥基所得之基。
式(E)中之p為1~10之整數。式(E)所表示之基係自碳數1~10之直鏈二醇中去除2個羥基所得之基。作為碳數1~10之直鏈二醇,可例舉:乙二醇、1,4-丁烷二醇等。
式(F)所表示之基係自1,4-環己烷二甲醇中去除2個羥基所得之基。
式(G)中之R
3為氫原子、氟原子、碳原子數1~20之烷基、或碳原子數1~20之氟烷基,q為0~4之整數。式(G)所表示之基係自具有酚性羥基之苯環上可具有取代基之雙酚茀中去除2個羥基所得之基。作為在具有酚性羥基之苯環上具有取代基之雙酚茀衍生物,可例舉雙甲酚茀等。
雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯較佳為芳香族酯。作為X,於上述(A)~(K)中,較佳為(A)(B)(C)(D)(G)(H)(I)。其中,較佳為(A)~(D),尤佳為(B)之具有聯苯骨架之基。於X為通式(B)所表示之基之情形時,就聚醯亞胺樹脂之溶解性之觀點而言,X較佳為下述式(B1)所表示之2,2',3,3',5,5'-六甲基聯苯-4,4'-二基。
關於通式(1)中X為式(B1)所表示之基之酸二酐,其為下述式(3)所表示之雙(1,3-二側氧基-1,3-二氫異苯并呋喃-5-羧酸)-2,2',3,3',5,5'-六甲基聯苯-4,4'二酯(簡稱:TAHMBP)。
作為具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐,可例舉:3,4'-氧二鄰苯二甲酸酐、4,4'-氧二鄰苯二甲酸酐、4,4'-(4,4'-亞異丙基二苯氧基)二鄰苯二甲酸酐等。就聚醯亞胺樹脂之溶解性及與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性之觀點而言,尤佳為4'-(4,4'-亞異丙基二苯氧基)二鄰苯二甲酸酐(BPADA)。
就使聚醯亞胺樹脂可溶於有機溶劑之觀點而言,相對於酸二酐成分總量100莫耳%,含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐之含量之合計較佳為15莫耳%以上,更佳為20莫耳%以上,進而較佳為25莫耳%以上,亦可為30莫耳%以上、35莫耳%以上、40莫耳%以上、45莫耳%以上或50莫耳%以上。相對於酸二酐成分總量100莫耳%,含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐之含量之合計較佳為99莫耳%以下,更佳為95莫耳%以下,進而較佳為90莫耳%以下,亦可為85莫耳%以下、80莫耳%以下、75莫耳%以下或70莫耳%以下。
就獲得兼具在有機溶劑中之溶解性、及與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性的聚醯亞胺樹脂之觀點而言,相對於酸二酐成分總量100莫耳%,脂環式四羧酸二酐、含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐之含量之合計較佳為50莫耳%以上,更佳為60莫耳%以上,進而較佳為65莫耳%以上,亦可為70莫耳%以上、75莫耳%以上、80莫耳%以上、85莫耳%以上、90莫耳%以上或95莫耳%以上。
如上所述,作為含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐,尤佳為6FDA,作為雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯,尤佳為TAHMBP,作為具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐,尤佳為BPADA。又,作為脂環式四羧酸二酐,尤佳為CBDA。
含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐中,就機械強度之觀點而言,較佳為含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐及雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯,其中,尤佳為6FDA及TAHMBP。
就聚醯亞胺樹脂在有機溶劑中之溶解性及其與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性較高,且機械強度優異之方面而言,相對於酸二酐成分總量100莫耳%,含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐與雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯之含量之合計較佳為15~99莫耳%,更佳為20~97莫耳%,進而較佳為25~95莫耳%,亦可為30~90莫耳%、35~85莫耳%、40~80莫耳%、45~75莫耳%、50~70莫耳%。其中,6FDA及TAHMBP之含量之合計較佳為處於上述範圍內。
就聚醯亞胺樹脂在有機溶劑中之溶解性及其與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性較高,且機械強度優異之方面而言,相對於酸二酐成分總量100莫耳%,脂環式四羧酸二酐、含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐及雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯之含量之合計較佳為50莫耳%以上,更佳為60莫耳%以上,進而較佳為65莫耳%以上,亦可為70莫耳%以上、75莫耳%以上、80莫耳%以上、85莫耳%以上、90莫耳%以上或95莫耳%以上。
聚醯亞胺亦可含有除脂環式四羧酸二酐、含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐以外之酸二酐作為酸二酐成分。作為上述以外之酸二酐之例,可例舉:乙烯四羧酸二酐、丁烷四羧酸二酐、3,3',4,4'-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、2,2',3,3'-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、2,2',3,3'-聯苯四羧酸二酐、均苯四甲酸二酐、3,3',4,4'-聯苯四羧酸二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、2,2-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)碸二酐、1,1-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、9,9-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)茀二酐)、1,3-雙[(3,4-二羧基)苯甲醯基]苯二酐、1,4-雙[(3,4-二羧基)苯甲醯基]苯二酐、2,2-雙{4-[4-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}丙烷二酐、2,2-雙{4-[4-(3,4-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}丙烷二酐、2,2-雙{4-[3-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}丙烷二酐、雙{4-[4-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}酮二酐、雙{4-[3-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}酮二酐、4,4'-雙[4-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]聯苯二酐、4,4'-雙[3-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]聯苯二酐、雙{4-[4-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}酮二酐、雙{4-[3-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}酮二酐、雙{4-[4-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}碸二酐、雙{4-[3-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}碸二酐、雙{4-[4-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}硫醚二酐、雙{4-[3-(1,2-二羧基)苯氧基]苯基}硫醚二酐、2,3,6,7-萘四羧酸二酐、1,4,5,8-萘四羧酸二酐、1,2,5,6-萘四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-苯四羧酸二酐、3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酐、2,3,6,7-蒽四羧酸二酐、1,2,7,8-菲四羧酸二酐、雙(1,3-二氫-1,3-二側氧基-5-異苯并呋喃羧酸)-1,4-伸苯基酯。
(二胺)
本實施方式中所使用之聚醯亞胺之二胺成分並無特別限定。就溶解性之觀點而言,作為聚醯亞胺樹脂之二胺,較佳為具有選自由氟基、全氟烷基、碸基、茀結構、及脂環結構所組成之群中之1種以上者。其中,就兼顧聚醯亞胺樹脂之溶解性與透明性之觀點而言,聚醯亞胺較佳為包含具有全氟烷基之二胺作為二胺成分。作為全氟烷基,較佳為三氟甲基。
作為具有全氟烷基之二胺,可例舉全氟烷基取代聯苯胺。作為全氟烷基取代聯苯胺之例,可例舉:2-(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、3-(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,3-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,5-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,6-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,3,5-三(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,3,6-三(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,3,5,6-四(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,2'-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、3,3'-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,3'-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,2',3-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,3,3'-三(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,2',5-三(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,2',6-三(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,3',5-三(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,3',6-三(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,2',3,3'-四(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,2',5,5'-四(三氟甲基)聯苯胺、2,2',6,6'-四(三氟甲基)聯苯胺等。
作為具有全氟烷基之二胺之其他例,可例舉:1,4-二胺基-2-(三氟甲基)苯、1,4-二胺基-2,3-雙(三氟甲基)苯、1,4-二胺基-2,5-雙(三氟甲基)苯、1,4-二胺基-2,6-雙(三氟甲基)苯、1,4-二胺基-2,3,5-三(三氟甲基)苯、1,4-二胺基-2,3,5,6-四(三氟甲基)苯等具有全氟烷基取代基之苯二胺;2,2-雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基]-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷、2,2-雙(4-胺基苯基)六氟丙烷等。
就機械強度之觀點而言,較佳為全氟烷基取代聯苯胺。其中,就聚醯亞胺樹脂在有機溶劑中之溶解性及其與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性之觀點而言,較佳為在聯苯之2位具有全氟烷基之全氟烷基取代聯苯胺,尤佳為2,2'-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺(以下記載為「TFMB」)。藉由在聯苯之2位及2'位具有三氟甲基,因三氟甲基之拉電子特性而使π電子密度降低,此外還因三氟甲基之立體阻礙而使聯苯之2個苯環間之鍵扭曲,使π共軛之平面性降低,因此吸收端波長發生短波長偏移,能夠降低聚醯亞胺之著色。
相對於二胺成分總量100莫耳%,具有全氟烷基之二胺之含量較佳為50莫耳%以上,更佳為60莫耳%以上,進而較佳為70莫耳%以上,亦可為80莫耳%以上、85莫耳%以上或90莫耳%以上。尤其較佳為全氟烷基取代聯苯胺之量處於上述範圍內。藉由使具有全氟烷基之二胺之含量較大,而抑制薄膜之著色,並且使鉛筆硬度或彈性模數等機械強度呈變高趨勢。
聚醯亞胺亦可包含不具有全氟烷基之二胺作為二胺成分。作為不具有全氟烷基之二胺之例,可例舉:對苯二胺、間苯二胺、鄰苯二胺、3,3'-二胺基二苯基醚、3,4'-二胺基二苯基醚、4,4'-二胺基二苯基醚、3,3'-二胺基二苯硫醚、3,4'-二胺基二苯硫醚、4,4'-二胺基二苯硫醚、3,3'-二胺基二苯基碸、3,4'-二胺基二苯基碸、4,4'-二胺基二苯基碸、9,9-雙(4-胺基苯基)茀、3,3'-二胺基二苯甲酮、4,4'-二胺基二苯甲酮、3,4'-二胺基二苯甲酮、3,3'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、3,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、2,2-二(3-胺基苯基)丙烷、2,2-二(4-胺基苯基)丙烷、2-(3-胺基苯基)-2-(4-胺基苯基)丙烷、1,1-二(3-胺基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、1,1-二(4-胺基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、1-(3-胺基苯基)-1-(4-胺基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、1,3-雙(3-胺基苯氧基)苯、1,3-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)苯、1,4-雙(3-胺基苯氧基)苯、1,4-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)苯、1,3-雙(3-胺基苯甲醯基)苯、1,3-雙(4-胺基苯甲醯基)苯、1,4-雙(3-胺基苯甲醯基)苯、1,4-雙(4-胺基苯甲醯基)苯、1,3-雙(3-胺基-α,α-二甲基苄基)苯、1,3-雙(4-胺基-α,α-二甲基苄基)苯、1,4-雙(3-胺基-α,α-二甲基苄基)苯、1,4-雙(4-胺基-α,α-二甲基苄基)苯、2,6-雙(3-胺基苯氧基)苯甲腈、2,6-雙(3-胺基苯氧基)吡啶、4,4'-雙(3-胺基苯氧基)聯苯、4,4'-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)聯苯、雙[4-(3-胺基苯氧基)苯基]酮、雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基]酮、雙[4-(3-胺基苯氧基)苯基]硫醚、雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基]硫醚、雙[4-(3-胺基苯氧基)苯基]碸、雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基]碸、雙[4-(3-胺基苯氧基)苯基]醚、雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基]醚、2,2-雙[4-(3-胺基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷、2,2-雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷、1,3-雙[4-(3-胺基苯氧基)苯甲醯基]苯、1,3-雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯甲醯基]苯、1,4-雙[4-(3-胺基苯氧基)苯甲醯基]苯、1,4-雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯甲醯基]苯、1,3-雙[4-(3-胺基苯氧基)-α,α-二甲基苄基]苯、1,3-雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)-α,α-二甲基苄基]苯、1,4-雙[4-(3-胺基苯氧基)-α,α-二甲基苄基]苯、1,4-雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)-α,α-二甲基苄基]苯、4,4'-雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯甲醯基]二苯基醚、4,4'-雙[4-(4-胺基-α,α-二甲基苄基)苯氧基]二苯甲酮、4,4'-雙[4-(4-胺基-α,α-二甲基苄基)苯氧基]二苯基碸、4,4'-雙[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯氧基]二苯基碸、3,3'-二胺基-4,4'-二苯氧基二苯甲酮、3,3'-二胺基-4,4'-二聯苯氧基二苯甲酮、3,3'-二胺基-4-苯氧基二苯甲酮、3,3'-二胺基-4-聯苯氧基二苯甲酮、6,6'-雙(3-胺基苯氧基)-3,3,3',3'-四甲基-1,1'-螺二茚滿、6,6'-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)-3,3,3',3'-四甲基-1,1'-螺二茚滿、1,3-雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷、1,3-雙(4-胺基丁基)四甲基二矽氧烷、α,ω-雙(3-胺基丙基)聚二甲基矽氧烷、α,ω-雙(3-胺基丁基)聚二甲基矽氧烷、雙(胺基甲基)醚、雙(2-胺基乙基)醚、雙(3-胺基丙基)醚、雙(2-胺基甲氧基)乙基]醚、雙[2-(2-胺基乙氧基)乙基]醚、雙[2-(3-胺基丙氧基)乙基]醚、1,2-雙(胺基甲氧基)乙烷、1,2-雙(2-胺基乙氧基)乙烷、1,2-雙[2-(胺基甲氧基)乙氧基]乙烷、1,2-雙[2-(2-胺基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙烷、乙二醇雙(3-胺基丙基)醚、二乙二醇雙(3-胺基丙基)醚、三乙二醇雙(3-胺基丙基)醚、乙二胺、1,3-二胺基丙烷、1,4-二胺基丁烷、1,5-二胺基戊烷、1,6-二胺基己烷、1,7-二胺基庚烷、1,8-二胺基辛烷、1,9-二胺基壬烷、1,10-二胺基癸烷、1,11-二胺基十一烷、1,12-二胺基十二烷、1,2-二胺基環己烷、1,3-二胺基環己烷、1,4-二胺基環己烷、反式-1,4-二胺基環己烷、1,2-二(2-胺基乙基)環己烷、1,3-二(2-胺基乙基)環己烷、1,4-二(2-胺基乙基)環己烷、雙(4-胺基環己基)甲烷、2,6-雙(胺基甲基)雙環[2.2.1]庚烷、2,5-雙(胺基甲基)雙環[2.2.1]庚烷、1,4-二胺基-2-氟苯、1,4-二胺基-2,3-二氟苯、1,4-二胺基-2,5-二氟苯、1,4-二胺基-2,6-二氟苯、1,4-二胺基-2,3,5-三氟苯、1,4-二胺基-2,3,5,6-四氟苯、2,2'-二甲基聯苯胺、2-氟聯苯胺、3-氟聯苯胺、2,3-二氟聯苯胺、2,5-二氟聯苯胺、2,6-二氟聯苯胺、2,3,5-三氟聯苯胺、2,3,6-三氟聯苯胺、2,3,5,6-四氟聯苯胺、2,2'-二氟聯苯胺、3,3'-二氟聯苯胺、2,3'-二氟聯苯胺、2,2',3-三氟聯苯胺、2,3,3'-三氟聯苯胺、2,2',5-三氟聯苯胺、2,2',6-三氟聯苯胺、2,3',5-三氟聯苯胺、2,3',6,-三氟聯苯胺、2,2',3,3'-四氟聯苯胺、2,2',5,5'-四氟聯苯胺、2,2',6,6'-四氟聯苯胺、2,2',3,3',6,6'-六氟聯苯胺、2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-八氟聯苯胺。
例如藉由除使用具有全氟烷基之二胺以外還使用二胺基二苯基碸作為二胺,而使聚醯亞胺樹脂在溶劑中之溶解性及透明性呈提昇趨勢。二胺基二苯基碸中,較佳為3,3'-二胺基二苯基碸(3,3'-DDS)及4,4'-二胺基二苯基碸(4,4'-DDS)。亦可併用3,3'-DDS與4,4'-DDS。
相對於二胺總量100莫耳%,二胺基二苯基碸之含量可為1~40莫耳%、3~30莫耳%或5~25莫耳%。
(聚醯亞胺之製備)
藉由酸二酐與二胺之反應而獲得作為聚醯亞胺前驅物之聚醯胺酸,藉由聚醯胺酸之環化去水(醯亞胺化)而獲得聚醯亞胺。如上所述,藉由調整聚醯亞胺之組成、即酸二酐及二胺之種類及比率,而使聚醯亞胺具有透明性及在有機溶劑中之溶解性,並且表現出與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性。
聚醯胺酸之製備方法並無特別限定,可應用公知之任何方法。例如可使酸二酐與二胺以大致相等莫耳量(95:100~105:100之莫耳比)溶解於有機溶劑中,並進行攪拌,藉此獲得聚醯胺酸溶液。聚醯胺酸溶液之濃度通常為5~35重量%,較佳為10~30重量%。於為此種範圍之濃度之情形時,藉由聚合所獲得之聚醯胺酸具有適當之分子量,並且聚醯胺酸溶液具有適當之黏度。
於聚醯胺酸之聚合時,為了抑制酸二酐之開環,較佳為向二胺中加入酸二酐之方法。於添加複數種二胺或複數種酸二酐之情形時,可一次性添加,亦可分成複數次添加。藉由調整單體之添加順序,亦可抑制聚醯亞胺之諸物性。
關於聚醯胺酸之聚合時所使用之有機溶劑,只要為不與二胺及酸二酐進行反應且能夠溶解聚醯胺酸之溶劑,便無特別限定。作為有機溶劑,可例舉:甲基脲、N,N-二甲基乙基脲等脲系溶劑、二甲基亞碸、二苯基碸、四甲基碸等亞碸或碸系溶劑、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、N,N'-二乙基乙醯胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)、γ-丁內酯、六甲基磷酸三醯胺等醯胺系溶劑、氯仿、二氯甲烷等鹵化烷基系溶劑、苯、甲苯等芳香族烴系溶劑、四氫呋喃、1,3-二氧雜環戊烷、1,4-二㗁烷、二甲醚、二乙醚、對甲酚甲醚等醚系溶劑。通常而言,該等溶劑可單獨使用或視需要適當地組合兩種以上而使用。就聚醯胺酸之溶解性及聚合反應性之觀點而言,可較佳地使用DMAc、DMF、NMP等。
藉由聚醯胺酸之環化去水而獲得聚醯亞胺。作為由聚醯胺酸溶液製備聚醯亞胺之方法,可例舉以下方法:向聚醯胺酸溶液中添加脫水劑、醯亞胺化觸媒等,於溶液中進行醯亞胺化。亦可對聚醯胺酸溶液進行加熱,以促進醯亞胺化之進行。將包含藉由聚醯胺酸之醯亞胺化所生成之聚醯亞胺的溶液與不良溶劑進行混合,藉此以固形物形式析出聚醯亞胺樹脂。藉由以固形物形式單離出聚醯亞胺樹脂,可利用不良溶劑將聚醯胺酸之合成時所產生之雜質、或殘留脫水劑及醯亞胺化觸媒等進行洗淨、去除,可防止聚醯亞胺之著色或黃色度之上升等。又,藉由以固形物形式單離出聚醯亞胺樹脂,於製備用以製作薄膜之溶液時,可應用低沸點溶劑等適合薄膜化之溶劑。
聚醯亞胺之分子量(藉由凝膠過濾層析法(GPC)所測定之聚環氧乙烷換算之重量平均分子量)較佳為10,000~300,000,更佳為20,000~250,000,進而較佳為40,000~200,000。於分子量過小之情形時,可能導致薄膜之強度不足。於分子量過大之情形時,可能導致與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性變差。
聚醯亞胺較佳為可溶於酮系溶劑或鹵化烷基系溶劑等非醯胺系溶劑中。聚醯亞胺於溶劑中表現出溶解性意指以5重量%以上之濃度溶解。於一實施方式中,聚醯亞胺於二氯甲烷中表現出溶解性。二氯甲烷為低沸點且容易去除薄膜製作時之殘留溶劑,因此藉由使用可溶於二氯甲烷中之聚醯亞胺樹脂,可期待薄膜之生產性提昇。
就樹脂組合物及薄膜之熱穩定性及光穩定性之觀點而言,聚醯亞胺較佳為反應性較低。聚醯亞胺之酸值較佳為0.4 mmol/g以下,更佳為0.3 mmol/g以下,進而較佳為0.2 mmol/g以下。聚醯亞胺之酸值亦可為0.1 mmol/g以下、0.05 mmol/g以下或0.03 mmol/g以下。就使酸值變小之觀點而言,聚醯亞胺較佳為醯亞胺化率較高。藉由使酸值變小,可提昇聚醯亞胺之穩定性,並且與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性呈提昇趨勢。
<丙烯酸系樹脂>
作為丙烯酸系樹脂,可例舉:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸酯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物等。丙烯酸系樹脂亦可為藉由改性而導入有戊二醯亞胺結構單元或內酯環結構單元者。聚合物之立體規則性並無特別限定,可為同排型、對排型、雜排型中之任一種。
就透明性及與聚醯亞胺之相容性、以及薄膜等成形體之機械強度之觀點而言,丙烯酸系樹脂較佳為以甲基丙烯酸甲酯作為主要結構單元。相對於丙烯酸系樹脂中之單體成分總量,甲基丙烯酸甲酯之量較佳為60重量%以上,亦可為70重量%以上、80重量%以上、85重量%以上、90重量%以上或95重量%以上。丙烯酸系樹脂亦可為甲基丙烯酸甲酯之均聚物。
如上所述,丙烯酸系樹脂亦可為導入有戊二醯亞胺結構或內酯環結構者。此種改性聚合物較佳為向甲基丙烯酸甲酯之含量處於上述範圍內之丙烯酸系聚合物中導入有戊二醯亞胺結構或內酯環結構者。即,藉由導入戊二醯亞胺結構或內酯環結構而被改性之丙烯酸系樹脂較佳為,甲基丙烯酸甲酯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯之改性結構之量之合計為60重量%以上,亦可為70重量%以上、80重量%以上、85重量%以上、90重量%以上或95重量%以上。改性聚合物亦可為向甲基丙烯酸甲酯之均聚物中導入有戊二醯亞胺結構或內酯環結構者。
藉由向甲基丙烯酸甲酯等丙烯酸系聚合物中導入戊二醯亞胺結構或內酯環結構,而使丙烯酸系樹脂之玻璃轉移溫度呈變高趨勢。又,經戊二醯亞胺改性之丙烯酸系樹脂包含醯亞胺結構,因此可能提昇與聚醯亞胺之相容性。
具有戊二醯亞胺結構之丙烯酸系樹脂例如可如日本專利特開2010-261025號公報中所記載,藉由對聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯樹脂進行加熱熔融,並利用醯亞胺化劑進行處理而獲得。於丙烯酸系聚合物具有戊二醯亞胺結構之情形時,戊二醯亞胺含量可為3重量%以上、5重量%以上、10重量%以上、20重量%以上、30重量%以上或50重量%以上。
戊二醯亞胺含量係藉由以下方式而算出:自丙烯酸系樹脂之
1H-NMR光譜求出戊二醯亞胺結構之導入率(醯亞胺化率),對醯亞胺化率進行重量換算,藉此算出上述戊二醯亞胺含量。例如若為導入有戊二醯亞胺結構之甲基丙烯酸甲酯,則根據源自甲基丙烯酸甲酯之O-CH
3質子之峰(3.5~3.8 ppm附近)之面積A、及源自戊二醯亞胺之N-CH
3質子之峰(3.0~3.3 ppm附近)之面積B,求出醯亞胺化率Im=B/(A+B)。
就薄膜之耐熱性之觀點而言,丙烯酸系樹脂之玻璃轉移溫度較佳為100℃以上,更佳為110℃以上,亦可為115℃以上或120℃以上。
就在有機溶劑中之溶解性、與上述聚醯亞胺之相容性及薄膜強度之觀點而言,丙烯酸系樹脂之重量平均分子量(聚苯乙烯換算)較佳為5,000~500,000,更佳為10,000~300,000,進而較佳為15,000~200,000。
就樹脂組合物及薄膜之熱穩定性及光穩定性之觀點而言,丙烯酸系樹脂較佳為乙烯性不飽和基或羧基等反應性官能基之含量較少。丙烯酸系樹脂之碘值較佳為10.16 g/100 g(0.4 mmol/g)以下,更佳為7.62 g/100 g(0.3 mmol/g)以下,進而較佳為5.08 g/100 g(0.2 mmol/g)以下。丙烯酸系樹脂之碘值亦可為2.54 g/100 g(0.1 mmol/g)以下或1.27 g/100 g(0.05 mmol/g)以下。丙烯酸系樹脂之酸值較佳為0.4 mmol/g以下,更佳為0.3 mmol/g以下,進而較佳為0.2 mmol/g以下。丙烯酸系樹脂之酸值亦可為0.1 mmol/g以下、0.05 mmol/g以下或0.03 mmol/g以下。藉由使酸值變小,可提昇丙烯酸系樹脂之穩定性,並且與聚醯亞胺之相容性呈提昇趨勢。
<樹脂組合物之製備>
將上述聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂加以混合,而製備樹脂組合物。上述聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂能夠以任意比率表現出相容性,因此樹脂組合物中之聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂之比率並無特別限定。聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂之混合比(重量比)可為98:2~2:98、95:5~10:90、或90:10~15:85。聚醯亞胺樹脂之比率越高,則薄膜之彈性模數及鉛筆硬度變得越高,機械強度變得優異。丙烯酸系樹脂之比率越高,則薄膜之著色越少,透明性呈變高趨勢。為了充分地發揮藉由聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂之混合所得到之透明性提昇效果,相對於聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂之合計,丙烯酸系樹脂之比率較佳為10重量%以上,亦可為15重量%以上、20重量%以上、25重量%以上、30重量%以上、35重量%以上、40重量%以上、45重量%以上或50重量%以上。
聚醯亞胺係具有特殊分子結構之聚合物,一般而言,於有機溶劑中之溶解性較低,與其他聚合物不表現出相容性。於本實施方式中,藉由使聚醯亞胺包含脂環式四羧酸二酐作為酸酐成分,而於有機溶劑中表現出較高之溶解性,並且表現出與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性,進而表現出優異之機械強度。
包含聚醯亞胺及丙烯酸系樹脂之樹脂組合物較佳為於示差掃描熱測定(DSC)及/或動態黏彈性測定(DMA)中具有單一之玻璃轉移溫度。於樹脂組合物具有單一之玻璃轉移溫度時,可視為聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂完全相容。包含聚醯亞胺及丙烯酸系樹脂之薄膜亦較佳為具有單一之玻璃轉移溫度。
樹脂組合物亦可為包含聚醯亞胺樹脂及丙烯酸系樹脂之混合溶液。樹脂之混合方法並無特別限定,可以固體狀態進行混合,亦可於液體中進行混合而製成混合溶液。亦可分別製備聚醯亞胺樹脂溶液及丙烯酸系樹脂溶液,將兩者加以混合而製備聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂之混合溶液。
作為包含聚醯亞胺樹脂及丙烯酸系樹脂之溶液之溶劑,只要對聚醯亞胺樹脂及丙烯酸系樹脂兩者表現出溶解性,便無特別限定。作為溶劑之例,可例舉:N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮等醯胺系溶劑;四氫呋喃、1,4-二㗁烷等醚系溶劑;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基丙基酮、甲基異丙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、二乙基酮、環戊酮、環己酮、甲基環己酮等酮系溶劑;氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、氯苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷等鹵化烷基系溶劑。
就聚醯亞胺樹脂之溶解性、及在溶液中之聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性之觀點而言,較佳為醯胺系溶劑。另一方面,就製作薄膜等成形體時之溶劑之去除性之觀點而言,較佳為低沸點之非醯胺系溶劑,就對聚醯亞胺樹脂及丙烯酸系樹脂兩者具有優異之溶解性,且為低沸點,容易去除薄膜製作時之殘留溶劑之方面而言,較佳為酮系溶劑及鹵化烷基系溶劑。上述樹脂組合物中,聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性較高,因此在酮系溶劑及鹵化烷基系溶劑等低沸點之非醯胺系溶劑中亦能夠表現出相容性。
亦可為了提昇薄膜之加工性或賦予各種功能等,而向樹脂組合物(溶液)中調配有機或無機之低分子化合物、高分子化合物(例如環氧樹脂)等。樹脂組合物亦可包含阻燃劑、紫外線吸收劑、交聯劑、染料、顏料、界面活性劑、調平劑、塑化劑、微粒子、增感劑等。微粒子包含聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯等有機微粒子、膠體氧化矽、碳、層狀矽酸鹽等無機微粒子等,可為多孔質或中空結構。纖維強化材料包含碳纖維、玻璃纖維、芳香族聚醯胺纖維等。
[成形體及薄膜]
上述組合物能夠用於形成各種成形體。作為成形法,可例舉:射出成形、轉移成形、加壓成形、吹塑成形、吹脹成形、壓延成形、熔融擠出成形等熔融法。包含聚醯亞胺及丙烯酸系樹脂之樹脂組合物有與聚醯亞胺單一成分相比熔融黏度較小之趨勢,射出成形、轉移成形、加壓成形、熔融擠出成形等之成形性優異。
又,包含聚醯亞胺及丙烯酸系樹脂之樹脂組合物之溶液有以下趨勢:與同一固形物成分濃度之聚醯亞胺單一成分之溶液相比,溶液黏度較低。因此,溶液之輸送等處理性優異,並且塗佈性較高,於減少薄膜之厚度不均等方面有利。
於一實施方式中,成形體為薄膜。薄膜之成形方法可為熔融法及溶液法中之任一種,就製作透明性及均一性優異之薄膜之觀點而言,較佳為溶液法。溶液法係將上述包含聚醯亞胺樹脂及丙烯酸系樹脂之溶液塗佈於支持體上,使溶劑乾燥去除,藉此獲得薄膜。
作為將樹脂溶液塗佈於支持體上之方法,可應用使用棒式塗佈機或缺角輪塗佈機等之公知方法。作為支持體,可使用:玻璃基板、SUS(Steel Use Stainless,不鏽鋼)等金屬基板、金屬滾筒、金屬帶、塑膠薄膜等。就提昇生產性之觀點而言,較佳為使用金屬滾筒、金屬帶等環形支持體、或長條塑膠薄膜等作為支持體,藉由卷對卷來製造薄膜。於使用塑膠薄膜作為支持體之情形時,只要適當地選擇不溶解於製膜塗料之溶劑中之材料即可。
於溶劑之乾燥時,較佳為進行加熱。加熱溫度只要為可去除溶劑且可抑制所獲得之薄膜之著色的溫度,便無特別限制,在室溫~250℃左右下適當地設定,較佳為50℃~220℃。加熱溫度亦可階段性地上升。亦可於乾燥進行到某種程度後,將樹脂膜自支持體剝離而進行乾燥,以提昇溶劑之去除效率。亦可於減壓下進行加熱,以促進溶劑之去除。
丙烯酸系薄膜存在韌性較低之情況,但藉由採用聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容系,可提昇薄膜之強度。
薄膜之厚度並無特別限定,只要根據用途進行適當設定即可。薄膜之厚度例如為5~300 μm。就兼顧自我支持性與可撓性且製成透明性較高之薄膜之觀點而言,薄膜之厚度較佳為20 μm~100 μm,亦可為30 μm~90 μm、40 μm~85 μm、或50 μm~80 μm。用作顯示器之覆蓋膜之薄膜之厚度較佳為50 μm以上。
薄膜之霧度較佳為10%以下,更佳為5%以下,進而較佳為4%以下,亦可為3.5%以下、3%以下、2%以下或1%以下。薄膜之霧度越低越佳。如上所述,聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂表現出相容性,因此可獲得霧度較低、透明性較高之薄膜。由聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂混合而成之樹脂組合物較佳為製作厚度50 μm之薄膜時之霧度為10%以下。
薄膜之黃色度(YI)較佳為2.0以下,亦可為1.5以下或1.0以下。如上所述,藉由將聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂加以混合,可獲得與單獨使用聚醯亞胺樹脂之情形相比著色較少之YI較小之薄膜。
就強度之觀點而言,薄膜之拉伸彈性模數較佳為3.3 GPa以上,更佳為3.5 GPa以上,亦可為4.0 GPa以上。薄膜之鉛筆硬度較佳為F以上,亦可為H以上或2H以上。在聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容系中,即便提高丙烯酸系樹脂之比率,鉛筆硬度亦不易降低。因此,可在不大幅度降低聚醯亞胺特有之優異之機械強度之狀態下提供一種著色較少而透明性優異之薄膜。
由包含聚醯亞胺及丙烯酸系樹脂之樹脂組合物所形成之薄膜,其著色較少,透明性較高,因此適宜用作顯示器材料。尤其是機械強度較高之薄膜,其能夠應用於顯示器之覆蓋窗等表面構件。本發明之薄膜亦可於實用時,在表面設置防靜電層、易接著層、硬塗層、抗反射層等。
[實施例]
以下,示出實施例來更具體地說明本發明之實施方式。再者,本發明並不限於以下實施例。
[聚醯亞胺樹脂之製造例]
向可分離式燒瓶中投入二甲基甲醯胺,於氮氣氛圍下進行攪拌。以表1及表2中所示之比率(莫耳%)向其中投入二胺及酸二酐,於氮氣氛圍下攪拌5~10小時而使之反應,從而獲得固形物成分濃度18重量%之聚醯胺酸溶液。
向聚醯胺酸溶液100 g中添加作為醯亞胺化觸媒之吡啶5.5 g,使其完全分散後,添加乙酸酐8 g,於90℃下攪拌3小時。冷卻至室溫後,一面攪拌溶液,一面以2~3滴/秒之速度投入2-丙醇(以下記載為IPA)100 g,使聚醯亞胺析出。進而添加IPA150 g,攪拌約30分鐘後,使用桐山漏斗進行抽氣過濾。利用IPA將所獲得之固體洗淨後,於設定為120℃之真空烘箱中乾燥12小時,而獲得聚醯亞胺樹脂。
[薄膜製作例]
<實施例1~10、22~24、比較例1>
於二氯甲烷中,將上述製造例中所獲得之聚醯亞胺(PI)及市售之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯樹脂(可樂麗製造「parapet HM1000」,玻璃轉移溫度:120℃,酸值:0.0 mmol/g,以下為「丙烯酸樹脂1」)以表1及表2中所示之比率進行混合,製備樹脂量11重量%之二氯甲烷溶液。將該溶液塗佈於無鹼玻璃板上,於大氣氛圍下,以60℃加熱乾燥15分鐘、以90℃加熱乾燥15分鐘、以120℃加熱乾燥15分鐘、以150℃加熱乾燥15分鐘、以180℃加熱乾燥15分鐘、以200℃加熱乾燥15分鐘,製作厚度約50 μm之薄膜。
<實施例11~18>
除了使用下述丙烯酸系樹脂2~8(均為以甲基丙烯酸甲酯作為主要單體成分之丙烯酸系共聚物或其改性物)代替丙烯酸樹脂1以外,在與上述相同之條件製作薄膜。
丙烯酸樹脂2:可樂麗製造之「parapet HR-G」,玻璃轉移溫度116℃,酸值0.0 mmol/g
丙烯酸樹脂3:甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸甲酯(單體比81/19)之共聚物(可樂麗製造之「parapet GF」),玻璃轉移溫度102℃,酸值0.0 mmol/g
丙烯酸樹脂4:甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸甲酯(單體比87/13)之共聚物(可樂麗製造之「parapet G」)玻璃轉移溫度109℃,酸值0.0 mmol/g
丙烯酸樹脂5:甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸甲酯(單體比96/4)之共聚物(可樂麗製造之「parapet EH」),玻璃轉移溫度116℃,酸值0.0 mmol/g
丙烯酸樹脂6:對排型聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(可樂麗製造之「parapet SP-01」),玻璃轉移溫度130℃,酸值0.0 mmol/g
丙烯酸樹脂7:依據日本專利特開2018-70710號公報之「丙烯酸系樹脂製造例」所製作之具有戊二醯亞胺環之丙烯酸系樹脂(戊二醯亞胺含量4重量%,玻璃轉移溫度125℃,酸值0.4 mmol/g
丙烯酸樹脂8:依據日本專利特開2018-70710號公報之「丙烯酸系樹脂製造例」所製作之具有戊二醯亞胺環之丙烯酸系樹脂(戊二醯亞胺含量70重量%,玻璃轉移溫度146℃,酸值0.1 mmol/g
<實施例19~21、比較例2~7>
如表1及表2所示,使用甲基乙基酮(MEK)、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、或N,N-二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)代替二氯甲烷(DCM)作為溶劑,除此以外,在與上述相同之條件下製作薄膜。
<參考例1~4>
於參考例1、3中,製備聚醯亞胺樹脂之二氯甲烷溶液,在與上述相同之條件下製作厚度約50 μm之薄膜。於參考例2、4中,製備丙烯酸樹脂1、7之二氯甲烷溶液,將乾燥時之加熱條件變更為以60℃加熱乾燥30分鐘、以80℃加熱乾燥30分鐘、以100℃加熱乾燥30分鐘、以110℃加熱乾燥30分鐘,除此以外,在與上述相同之條件下製作厚度約50 μm之薄膜。
[評價]
<霧度及全光線透過率>
將薄膜切出3 cm見方,利用Suga Test Instruments製造之霧度計「HZ-V3」,依據JIS K7136及JIS K7361-1來測定霧度及全光線透過率(TT)。對於霧度超過20%者,未實施以下之黃色度、拉伸彈性模數及鉛筆硬度之測定。
<黃色度>
將薄膜切出3 cm見方,利用Suga Test Instruments製造之分光測色計「SC-P」,依據JIS K7373來測定黃色度(YI)。
<拉伸彈性模數>
將薄膜切出寬度10 mm之短條狀,於23℃/55%RH下靜置1天進行濕度控制後,使用島津製作所製造之「AUTOGRAPH AGS-X」,於下述條件下測定拉伸彈性模數。
夾具間距離:100 mm
拉伸速度:20.0 mm/min
測定溫度:23℃
<鉛筆硬度>
藉由JIS K5600-5-4「鉛筆劃痕試驗」來測定薄膜之鉛筆硬度。
<耐彎折性>
將薄膜切出20 mm×100 mm之短條狀,於長度方向之中央處彎折180°,將薄膜未破裂者設為「○」,將薄膜破裂者設為「×」。
<穿透電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察>
利用穿透式電子顯微鏡(倍率10,000倍)對實施例10及比較例1之薄膜之平面(薄膜面)及剖面進行觀察。將TEM圖像示於圖1。
[評價結果]
將樹脂之組成(聚醯亞胺之組成、丙烯酸系樹脂之種類、及混合比)、以及薄膜之評價結果示於表1及表2。
於表1及表2中,用以下簡稱記載化合物。
<酸二酐>
CBDA:1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐
H-PMDA:1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸二酐
H-BPDA:1,1'-雙環己烷-3,3',4,4'四羧酸-3,4:3',4'-二酐
TAHMBP:雙(1,3-二側氧基-1,3-二氫異苯并呋喃-5-羧酸)-2,2',3,3',5,5'-六甲基聯苯-4,4'二酯
6FDA:2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷二酐
BPDA:3,3',4,4'-聯苯四羧酸二酐
ODPA:4,4'-氧二鄰苯二甲酸酐
PMDA:均苯四甲酸二酐
BPADA:4,4'-(4,4'-亞異丙基二苯氧基)二鄰苯二甲酸酐
<二胺>
TFMB:2,2'-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺
DDS:3,3'-二胺基二苯基碸
DAT:2,4-二胺基甲苯
ODA:4,4'-二胺基二苯基醚
m-Tol:2,2'-二甲基聯苯胺
[表1]
樹脂組成 | 溶劑 | 薄膜特性 | |||||||||||||||||
聚醯亞胺組成(mol%) | 丙烯酸樹脂種類 | PI/丙烯酸 (重量比) | 厚度 (μm) | 霧度 (%) | TT (%) | YI | 拉伸彈性模數 (GPa) | 鉛筆硬度 | 耐彎折性 | ||||||||||
酸二酐 | 二胺 | ||||||||||||||||||
脂環式 | TAHMBP | 6FDA | 其他 | TFMB | 其他 | ||||||||||||||
種類 | 量 | 種類 | 量 | 種類 | 量 | ||||||||||||||
實施例1 | CBDA | 30 | 50 | - | ODPA | 20 | 90 | DDS | 10 | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 60 | 1.4 | 90.8 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 2H | ○ |
參考例1 | CBDA | 30 | 50 | - | ODPA | 20 | 90 | DDS | 10 | - | 100/0 | DCM | 50 | 0.3 | 89.2 | 2.4 | 5.6 | 3H | ○ |
參考例2 | - | 1 | 0/100 | DCM | 60 | 0.3 | 92.5 | 0.2 | 2.6 | HB | × | ||||||||
實施例2 | CBDA | 37.5 | 62.5 | - | - | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 54 | 0.2 | 91.1 | 0.8 | 4.8 | F | ○ | ||
實施例3 | CBDA | 25 | 50 | - | BPDA | 25 | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 58 | 2.1 | 90.8 | 1.3 | 4.6 | 3H | ○ | |
實施例4 | CBDA | 20 | 60 | 20 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 57 | 0.3 | 91.0 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 2H | ○ | ||
實施例5 | CBDA | 20 | 40 | 20 | BPDA | 20 | 90 | DDS | 10 | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 56 | 1.2 | 90.4 | 0.9 | 4.2 | H | ○ |
實施例6 | CBDA | 30 | 50 | 20 | - | 90 | DDS | 10 | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 56 | 0.9 | 91.1 | 0.4 | 4.5 | 2H | ○ | |
實施例7 | CBDA | 15 | - | 85 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 30/70 | DCM | 53 | 0.3 | 91.7 | 0.6 | 3.6 | F | ○ | ||
參考例3 | CBDA | 15 | - | 85 | - | 100 | - | 100/0 | DCM | 50 | 0.2 | 90.7 | 1.1 | 3.7 | H | ○ | |||
實施例8 | CBDA | 20 | - | 70 | PMDA | 10 | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 51 | 0.2 | 91.7 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 3H | ○ | |
實施例9 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 30/70 | DCM | 56 | 0.2 | 92.1 | 0.4 | 3.4 | H | ○ | ||
實施例10 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 58 | 0.3 | 91.7 | 0.5 | 3.9 | 2H | ○ | ||
實施例11 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 70/30 | DCM | 48 | 0.2 | 91.2 | 0.7 | 4.2 | 2H | ○ | ||
實施例12 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 2 | 50/50 | DCM | 60 | 0.3 | 91.7 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 2H | ○ | ||
實施例13 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 3 | 50/50 | DCM | 56 | 0.5 | 91.6 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 3H | ○ | ||
實施例14 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 4 | 50/50 | DCM | 59 | 0.3 | 91.6 | 0.6 | 4.0 | H | ○ | ||
實施例15 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 5 | 50/50 | DCM | 59 | 0.3 | 91.6 | 0.5 | 3.9 | 3H | ○ | ||
實施例16 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 6 | 50/50 | DCM | 63 | 0.4 | 91.6 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 3H | ○ | ||
實施例17 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 7 | 50/50 | DCM | 64 | 0.3 | 91.5 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 3H | ○ | ||
參考例4 | - | 7 | 0/100 | DCM | 51 | 0.2 | 92.5 | 0.2 | 2.6 | B | × | ||||||||
實施例18 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 8 | 55/45 | DCM | 52 | 0.3 | 91.3 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 3H | ○ |
[表2]
樹脂組成 | 溶劑 | 薄膜特性 | |||||||||||||||||
聚醯亞胺組成(mol%) | 丙烯酸樹脂種類 | PI/丙烯酸 (重量比) | 厚度 (μm) | 霧度 (%) | TT (%) | YI | 拉伸彈性模數 (GPa) | 鉛筆硬度 | 耐彎折性 | ||||||||||
酸二酐 | 二胺 | ||||||||||||||||||
脂環式 | TAHMBP | 6FDA | 其他 | TFMB | 其他 | ||||||||||||||
種類 | 量 | 種類 | 量 | 種類 | 量 | ||||||||||||||
實施例19 | CBDA | 30 | - | 50 | BPDA PMDA | 10 10 | 90 | DDS | 10 | 1 | 50/50 | DMF | 55 | 0.2 | 91.5 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 2H | ○ |
實施例20 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 50 | m-Tol | 50 | 1 | 50/50 | DMF | 50 | 0.2 | 91.4 | 1.4 | 3.5 | 3H | ○ | |
實施例21 | CBDA | 60 | - | 40 | - | 70 | DDS | 30 | 1 | 50/50 | MEK | 48 | 0.3 | 91.6 | 0.6 | 3.8 | H | ○ | |
實施例22 | H-PMDA | 10 | - | 90 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 78 | 0.6 | 91.3 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 2H | ○ | ||
實施例23 | H-PMDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 51 | 0.3 | 91.7 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 2H | ○ | ||
實施例24 | H-BPDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 67 | 0.2 | 91.8 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 2H | ○ | ||
比較例1 | - | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DCM | 51 | 56 | × | |||||||
比較例2 | - | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DMF | 52 | 0.3 | 91.7 | 0.7 | 3.3 | H | ○ | |||
比較例3 | - | - | - | BPADA | 100 | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DMF | 59 | 0.2 | 91.0 | 0.9 | 3.0 | F | ○ | ||
比較例4 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | - | DDS | 100 | 1 | 50/50 | DMAc | 53 | 93 | × | |||||
比較例5 | CBDA | 30 | - | 70 | - | - | DAT | 100 | 1 | 50/50 | DMAc | 63 | 93 | × | |||||
比較例6 | H-PMDA | 100 | - | - | - | - | ODA | 100 | 1 | 50/50 | DMAc | 40 | 70 | × | |||||
比較例7 | H-PMDA | 100 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 1 | 50/50 | DMF | 55 | 81 | × |
僅使用聚醯亞胺樹脂所製作之參考例1之聚醯亞胺薄膜之YI超過2,透明性不充分。另一方面,僅使用丙烯酸樹脂1所製作之參考例2之丙烯酸薄膜之拉伸彈性模數較低,鉛筆硬度為HB,機械強度不充分。又,參考例2之丙烯酸薄膜之耐彎折性亦不充分。參考例4之丙烯酸薄膜亦與參考例2同樣地,拉伸彈性模數及鉛筆硬度較低,耐彎折性亦不充分。
實施例1使用由與參考例1相同之聚醯亞胺樹脂及丙烯酸樹脂1混合而成之樹脂組合物,與參考例1相比,實施例1之YI較小,全光線透過率亦上升。關於使用與實施例1不同之聚醯亞胺樹脂之實施例2~11,亦與實施例1同樣地,薄膜之霧度之上升得到抑制,YI較小,且機械強度優異。關於參考例3與實施例7之對比,和參考例1與實施例1之對比同樣地,藉由將聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂加以混合,可不大幅度降低聚醯亞胺之優異之機械強度而減少薄膜之著色,透明性提昇。使用丙烯酸樹脂2~8之實施例12~18亦與實施例1~11等同樣地,薄膜之透明性及機械強度優異。
比較例1中,將不含脂環式四羧酸二酐之聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸樹脂1混合而成之樹脂組合物溶解於二氯甲烷中,使用所獲得之溶液製作薄膜,薄膜之霧度大幅度上升。又,比較例1之薄膜與參考例2之丙烯酸薄膜同樣地,耐彎折性不充分。
如圖1所示,於實施例10之薄膜之TEM圖像中,未確認到海島結構,聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂完全相容,相對於此,於比較例1之薄膜之TEM圖像中,確認到海島結構。比較例1中,由於聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂在二氯甲烷溶液中之相容性較低,故而認為薄膜之透明性及機械強度較低。
比較例2中,將與比較例1相同之聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸樹脂之混合物溶解於DMF中,使用所獲得之溶液製作薄膜,其霧度較低,表現出高透明性。但是,與實施例1~18之薄膜相比,比較例2之薄膜之拉伸彈性模數及鉛筆硬度較低,機械強度較差。比較例3之薄膜亦與比較例2同樣地,與實施例之薄膜相比機械強度較差。
自該等結果可知,實施例1~18中,由於聚醯亞胺包含具有脂環式結構之CBDA作為四羧酸二酐成分,故聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性較高,在二氯甲烷等非醯胺系溶劑中亦表現出優異之相容性,因此可獲得透明性較高且機械強度優異之薄膜。
實施例19及實施例20中,將包含脂環式四羧酸二酐之聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸樹脂1混合而成之樹脂組合物溶解於DMF中,使用所獲得之溶液製作薄膜,該等薄膜與比較例2、3之薄膜相比,表現出優異之機械強度。使用MEK作為溶劑所製作之實施例21之薄膜同樣拉伸彈性模數較高,機械強度優異。
關於使用包含H-PMDA作為脂環式四羧酸二酐之聚醯亞胺的實施例22、23、及使用包含H-BPDA作為具有脂環式結構之四羧酸二酐之聚醯亞胺的實施例24,與實施例1~18同樣地,使用溶解於二氯甲烷中而成之溶液所製作之薄膜為低霧度,透明性優異,且表現出較高之機械強度。
與使用包含CBDA作為脂環式四羧酸二酐之聚醯亞胺之實施例1~18之薄膜相比,實施例22~24之薄膜之拉伸彈性模數較小。自該等結果可知,由包含CBDA作為脂環式四羧酸二酐之聚醯亞胺與丙烯酸系樹脂混合而成之樹脂組合物,其相容性優異,並且機械強度亦尤其優異。
關於比較例4~7之樹脂組合物,聚醯亞胺樹脂包含具有脂環式結構之四羧酸二酐作為四羧酸二酐,但使用醯胺系溶劑所製作之薄膜之霧度較高,聚醯亞胺樹脂與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性較差。關於比較例4~6,由於聚醯亞胺不包含作為二胺成分之含全氟烷基之二胺,故而認為與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性不充分。又,關於比較例5、6,認為與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性較低之主要原因在於,聚醯亞胺之四羧酸二酐成分全部為脂環式四羧酸二酐,不包含其他四羧酸二酐。
自以上結果可知,包含規定量之脂環式四羧酸二酐作為四羧酸二酐成分且包含TFMB等含全氟烷基之二胺作為二胺的聚醯亞胺,表現出與丙烯酸系樹脂之相容性,藉由使用由其等混合而成之樹脂組合物,可獲得透明性較高且機械強度優異之薄膜。
圖1係實施例及比較例之薄膜之平面及剖面之穿透式電子顯微鏡圖像。
Claims (13)
- 一種樹脂組合物,其包含聚醯亞胺及丙烯酸系樹脂,且 上述聚醯亞胺含有脂環式四羧酸二酐作為四羧酸二酐成分,含有具有全氟烷基之二胺作為二胺成分, 相對於上述聚醯亞胺之四羧酸二酐成分總量,脂環式四羧酸二酐之量為1~80莫耳%。
- 如請求項1之樹脂組合物,其中上述脂環式四羧酸二酐為選自由1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-環戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸二酐、及1,1'-雙環己烷-3,3',4,4'四羧酸-3,4:3',4'-二酐所組成之群中之一種以上。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂組合物,其中上述聚醯亞胺進而含有選自由含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐所組成之群中之一種以上作為四羧酸二酐成分。
- 如請求項3之樹脂組合物,其中相對於上述聚醯亞胺之酸二酐成分總量,脂環式四羧酸二酐、含氟之芳香族四羧酸二酐、雙(偏苯三甲酸酐)酯及具有醚鍵之二鄰苯二甲酸酐之含量之合計為50莫耳%以上。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂組合物,其中上述具有全氟烷基之二胺為全氟烷基取代聯苯胺。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂組合物,其中上述全氟烷基取代聯苯胺為2,2'-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂組合物,其中相對於上述聚醯亞胺之二胺成分總量,具有全氟烷基之二胺之量為50莫耳%以上。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂組合物,其中上述丙烯酸系樹脂中,相對於單體成分總量,甲基丙烯酸甲酯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯之改性結構之量之合計為60重量%以上。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂組合物,其中上述丙烯酸系樹脂之玻璃轉移溫度為110℃以上。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂組合物,其以98:2~2:98之範圍之重量比包含上述聚醯亞胺與上述丙烯酸系樹脂。
- 一種成形體,其包含如請求項1至10中任一項之樹脂組合物。
- 一種薄膜,其包含如請求項1至10中任一項之樹脂組合物。
- 如請求項12之薄膜,其厚度為5 μm以上300 μm以下,全光線透過率為85%以上,霧度為10%以下,黃色度為2.0以下,拉伸彈性模數為3.3 GPa以上,鉛筆硬度為F以上。
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