TW202135837A - 粒線體萃取物用於治療或/及預防腎臟損傷相關疾病之用途 - Google Patents

粒線體萃取物用於治療或/及預防腎臟損傷相關疾病之用途 Download PDF

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TW202135837A
TW202135837A TW110109766A TW110109766A TW202135837A TW 202135837 A TW202135837 A TW 202135837A TW 110109766 A TW110109766 A TW 110109766A TW 110109766 A TW110109766 A TW 110109766A TW 202135837 A TW202135837 A TW 202135837A
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kidney
mitochondria
mitochondrial
kidney injury
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鄭漢中
許智凱
曾惠卿
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台灣粒線體應用技術股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明係揭露一種粒線體萃取物用於治療或/及預防腎臟損傷相關疾病之用途,具體來說,藉由投予本發明所揭粒線體萃取物至一罹患腎臟損傷相關疾病之個體,係能夠有效地改善腎臟損傷相關疾病,並得預防腎臟損傷相關疾病之惡化。

Description

粒線體萃取物用於治療或/及預防腎臟損傷相關疾病之用途
本發明係有關於粒線體萃取物之第二用途,特別係指粒線體萃取物用於治療或/及預防腎臟損傷相關疾病之用途。
按,粒線體係為存在人體細胞內之一個胞器,用以提供細胞正常運作所需要之ATP,並且,近期研究指出,細胞內粒線體數量增加及活化,將能夠提供幹細胞分化所需能量,有助於幹細胞成功分化。換言之,粒線體於人體能量代謝上扮演著十分重要之角色,舉例來說,若粒線體產生缺陷,將會造成退化性或老化相關疾病,例如腦退化、肌無力、肌肉病變等;而目前許多研究指出,氧化損傷造成之巴金森氏症或是阿茲海默症患者若能維持粒線體正常功能或是提升體內抗氧化能力,將有助於神經退化性疾病惡化。
腎臟組織受損超過3個月,以致於腎臟結構或功能無法恢復原有功能時,就被稱為慢性腎臟疾病,目前臨床治療上多以藥物治療為主,飲食及生活習慣控制為輔,然而當慢性腎臟疾病隨著病程逐漸惡化,患者面臨腎臟纖維化而逐漸喪失腎臟功能時,患者需要藉由血液透析或是腎臟移植來維持生命,這不僅對於患者來說是十分難受之過程,對於國家醫療成本也是高額之負擔。換言之,由於目前對於慢性腎臟疾病之致病機制與治療方法皆未有明確之認識,導致臨床上對於慢性腎臟疾病並無法提供有效之治療方式,是以,提供一種有效治療慢性腎臟疾病及腎臟纖維化之組合物或是方法乃為臨床醫療上之當務之急。
本發明之主要目的係在於提供一種粒線體萃取物之第二用途,其係能夠有效地改善或預防腎臟受損相關疾病,進而達到治療腎臟病或減緩腎臟病惡化之功效。
緣是,為能達成上述目的,本發明係揭露一種粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途,具體來說,藉由投予一定量之粒線體萃取物至一罹患腎臟受損相關疾病之個體時,係能夠改善腎臟細胞受損之情形,進而達到腎臟受損相關疾病之治療或預防惡化的功效。
於本發明之實施例中,該腎臟損傷相關疾病係為腎臟纖維化、腎臟發炎、慢性腎臟病、急性腎臟病、腎小管損傷、腎衰竭、腎前性損傷、腎因性損傷、腎後性損傷、腎小球炎、腎盂腎炎、腎病症候群、尿毒症。
於本發明之一實施例中,該腎臟損傷相關疾病係具有粒線體受損及下列至少一病徵:蛋白尿、水腫、少尿、尿素氮過高、肌酸酐過高、尿酸異常、結石、腎絲球過濾率異常。
於本發明之另一實施例中,該粒線體係分離自一幹細胞,如脂肪幹細胞、CD34+造血幹細胞、間質幹細胞、骨隨幹細胞、臍帶幹細胞、羊膜幹細胞、羊水幹細胞、胎盤幹細胞、iPS、神經幹細胞。
於本發明之實施例中,粒線體於組合物中之劑量為5~80μg,又以粒線體於組合物中之劑量為40μg以上為佳。
本發明係提供一種粒線體萃取物之第二用途,意即藉由投予一定量之粒線體萃取物或含有其之組合物至一罹患腎臟損傷相關疾病之個體,係能夠有效地改善腎臟損傷相關疾病,並得預防腎臟損傷相關疾病之惡化。
一般來說,本發明所揭粒線體投予至個體之劑量係為5~80 μg,如5、10、15、20、25、30、40、50、60、65、70、80 μg等,其中,又以投予劑量為15~40 μg者為佳;並且,為能達到較佳之治療或改善腎臟疾病之功效,本發明所揭粒線體係能搭配其他組成份製備為一組合物,而所搭配之組成份又以具有生長因子者為佳,例如含有生長因子之血液製品、富含血小板之血漿(PRP)、血漿、血清、富含血小板纖維蛋白(Platelet-Rich Fibrin)等。
本發明所指「粒線體萃取物」,係指分離自一細胞中之粒線體,而所使用之分離技術或方法應要能維持粒線體結構及功能之完整性,依據本發明所屬技術領域者之通常知識者來說,分離技術或方法可為物理性或化學性。
本發明所指「細胞」,係指具有粒線體之細胞,如脂肪幹細胞、間質幹細胞、骨骼肌細胞、肝臟細胞、腎臟細胞、纖維母細胞、神經細胞、皮膚細胞、血球細胞等。
本發明所指「組合物」,係得為醫藥組合物、食品、機能性食品、營養補充品等,並依據種類不同得與不同組成份搭配而成者,而得具有不同劑型及不同投予方法。
本發明所指「腎臟損傷相關疾病」,係為腎臟細胞受損而引發之疾病,並且具有粒線體受損之病徵,如腎臟纖維化、腎臟發炎、腎臟病、急性腎臟病、腎小管損傷、腎衰竭、腎前性損傷、腎因性損傷、腎後性損傷、腎小球炎、腎盂腎炎、腎病症候群、尿毒症等。
以下,為能證實本發明所揭粒線體萃取物之功效,將茲舉若干實例並搭配圖式做詳細說明如後。
以下實例中所使用之粒線體係取自人體脂肪幹細胞(adipose-derived stem cell),但非限制本發明之粒線體僅能來自人體脂肪幹細胞,意即本發明之粒線體係得取自人體任何細胞。
以下實例中所使用之粒線體劑量係僅為例示,以粒線體劑量為15μg作為低劑量代表,40μg作為高劑量代表,並非用於限制本案之技術特徵,意即本案所揭粒線體於劑量為5~80μg揭能達成本發明所欲達成之功效。
實例一:培養腎臟上皮細胞株
將腎臟上皮細胞株培養於含有MEM-α Earl’s salt與5%胎牛血清之細胞培養基中,並置於37℃(含有5%二氧化碳)下進行培養,當細胞培養達到8成滿度時,移除細胞培養基並加入磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗細胞,再移除磷酸鹽緩衝液後,加入0.25%胰蛋白酶/2.21mM EDTA,反應20分鐘後,加入含有5%胎牛血清之MEM-α中和胰蛋白酶,收集懸浮之細胞,進行離心,而後對細胞進行計數,再以含5%胎牛血清之MEM-α進行稀釋至終濃度為每毫升中5x104個細胞,用以做後續繼代培養或分析之用。
實例二:粒線體萃取
將人體脂肪幹細胞培養至細胞數量為1.5x108 個細胞,以杜氏緩衝液(DPBS)沖洗細胞後移除杜氏緩衝液,再加入胰蛋白酶反應3分鐘後,加入幹細胞培養液(Keratinocyte SFM (1X)液體、bovine pituitary extract、10wt%胎牛血清)終止反應,而後,收集細胞後進行離心(600g、10分鐘),移除上清液,加入80毫升之IBC-1緩衝液(緩衝液(225mM甘露醇、75mM蔗糖、0.1mM EDTA、30 mMTris-HCl pH 7.4)至細胞中,進行均質後離心,得到之沈澱物即為粒線體(下稱粒線體沈澱物)。將粒線體沈澱物中加入1.5毫升IBC-1緩衝液及蛋白質分解酶抑制劑,並置於4℃,供以下實例使用。
實例三:腎臟上皮細胞損傷試驗(一)
將實例一所培養之腎臟上皮細胞於96孔盤中進行繼代培養,其中,每孔濃度為5x104 cells/200μL,培養8小時後移除上清液,以磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗後,於每孔加入200μL未含有5%胎牛血清之細胞培養液進行培養8小時,培養後分別給予不同濃度之過氧化氫(0.3、0.5、1、3、5、10mM)進行處理。以不同濃度之過氧化氫培養24小時後,分別移除每孔之上清液,再加入含有10%阿爾瑪藍(Alamar blue)之細胞培養液(100μL/孔),培養3-4小時後,進行螢光訊號測量(Excitation/Emission: 560/590 nm),結果如圖1A所示。
由圖1A之結果可知,腎臟上皮細胞經由不同濃度之過氧化氫處理24小時後,腎臟上皮細胞會開始有損傷之情形發生,其中,當過氧化氫濃度為1mM以上時,腎臟上皮細胞因損傷而導致死亡之情形大幅增加,具體來說,以濃度為1mM之過氧化氫處理腎臟上皮細胞24小時後,腎臟上皮細胞之存活率為81.4%;以濃度為5mM之過氧化氫處理腎臟上皮細胞24小時後,腎臟上皮細胞之存活率為31.3%;以濃度為10mM之過氧化氫處理腎臟上皮細胞24小時後,腎臟上皮細胞之存活率為24.2%。由此結果顯示,以過氧化氫處理腎臟上皮細胞確實能夠建構出腎臟上皮細胞受損及死亡之模式,並且,隨著添加過氧化氫之濃度增加,腎臟上皮細胞受損情形隨之惡化,並腎臟上皮細胞死亡數量亦隨之增加。
實例四:腎臟上皮細胞損傷試驗(二)
將實例一所培養之腎臟上皮細胞於96孔盤中進行繼代培養,其中,每孔濃度為1x104 cells/200μL,培養8小時後移除上清液,經由磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗後,於每孔加入體積為200μL未含有5%胎牛血清之細胞培養液培養8小時,而後分別給予濃度為1mM及3mM之過氧化氫處理4小時,再分別給予經不同濃度過氧化氫處理之細胞不同劑量(15μg及40μg)之粒線體沈澱物(實例二所製備)後,培養24小時,培養完後移除上清液,再加入含有10%阿爾瑪藍之細胞培養液(100μL/孔),於37℃環境下培養3-4小時後,於培養結束時進行螢光訊號測量(Excitation/Emission: 560/590 nm),結果如圖1B所示。
由圖1B之結果可知,經過氧化氫處理之腎臟上皮細胞會受到損傷而導致細胞存活率下降,而當腎臟上皮細胞已經被過氧化氫誘導受損後,再再投予一定量之粒線體沈澱物後,能夠明顯提升腎臟上皮細胞之存活率,並且,隨著投予劑量之增加,腎臟上皮細胞之存活率亦隨之增加。
由此結果可知,本發明所揭粒線體萃取物確實能夠保護腎臟上皮細胞,避免氧化或發炎反應而導致腎臟上皮細胞受損之情形發生,並且能夠修復受損之腎臟上皮細胞,有效地避免腎臟上皮細胞死亡。換言之,本發明所揭粒線體萃取物或含其之組合物確實具有能夠改善或/及預防因氧化壓力而導致之腎臟受損或腎臟疾病之功效。
實例五:腎臟上皮細胞纖維化試驗(一)
將實例一所培養之腎臟上皮細胞以含有5%胎牛血清之培養液培養於6孔盤,每孔濃度為1x105 cells/2ml,培養24小時後移除上清液,再以磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗後,於每孔加入1ml未含有5%胎牛血清之細胞培養液培養8小時,再給予不同濃度(100μg/ ml及400μg/ ml)之糖化終產物(AGEs-BSA)培養4小時,培養完成後,移除含有AGEs-BSA之細胞培養基並以磷酸鹽緩衝液進行清洗,而後於每孔加入1ml未含有5%胎牛血清之細胞培養液分別培養24及48小時,培養結束後分別收集上清液,再以水溶性膠原蛋白(soluble collagen)測定試劑盒(Sircol™ Soluble Collagen Assay Kit)進行膠原蛋白分泌檢測,結果如圖2A所示。
由圖2A之結果顯示,不論以高濃度(400μg/ ml)或低濃度(100μg/ ml)之AGEs-BSA處理腎臟上皮細胞,皆會增加腎臟上皮細胞膠原蛋白之分泌表現量,並且膠原蛋白之分泌表現量會隨著處理時間增加而提升,顯示AGEs-BSA確實會誘導腎臟上皮細胞病變且產生纖維化之情形,其即為慢性腎臟病之前期,且若膠原蛋白之分泌表現量持續增加,則會導致慢性腎臟病之發生。
實例六:腎臟上皮細胞纖維化試驗(二)
本實例之流程大體上等同於實例五,惟,不同者在於,於移除含有AGEs-BSA之細胞培養基後,於每孔中加入未含有5%胎牛血清之細胞培養液及不同劑量(15μg及40μg)之粒線體沈澱物(實例二所製備)後,分別培養24小時,培養完成後,分別收集上清液,並以水溶性膠原蛋白測定試劑盒進行膠原蛋白分泌檢測,結果如圖2B所示。
由圖2B之結果可知,投予粒線體沈澱物後係能夠降低腎臟上皮細胞內因AGEs-BSA誘導所產生之膠原蛋白分泌量,顯示本發明所揭粒線體或含有其之組合物係能夠達到有效地改善或/及預防腎臟纖維化或與之相關腎臟疾病之功效。
實例七:腎臟上皮細胞纖維化試驗(三)
本實例之流程大體上等同實例六,惟,不同者在於,將誘導腎臟上皮細胞纖維化之刺激劑由AGEs-BSA改為過氧化氫;檢測結果如圖2C所示。
由圖2C之結果可知,以過氧化氫處理腎臟上皮細胞係會誘導膠原蛋白分泌量增加,意即透過過氧化氫處理腎臟上皮細胞確實能夠建構出腎臟細胞纖維化之模式;而給予經過氧化氫處理後之腎臟上皮細胞粒線體沈澱物後,係能夠明顯降低腎臟上皮細胞內之膠原蛋白分泌量,顯示本發明所揭粒線體或含有其之組合物係能夠達到有效地改善或/及預防腎臟纖維化或與之相關腎臟疾病之功效。
實例八:腎臟上皮細胞內粒線體功能損傷試驗
將實例一所培養之腎臟上皮細胞於96孔盤中以含有5%胎牛血清之細胞培養液進行繼代培養,每孔濃度為5x104 cells/200μL,培養24小時後移除上清液,以磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗後,於每孔加入1ml未含有5%胎牛血清之細胞培養液進行培養8小時,培養後分別給予3mM過氧化氫及100μg/ ml之AGEs-BSA培養4小時後,移除含有過氧化氫或AGEs-BSA之細胞培養液,並以磷酸鹽緩衝液進行清洗,而後於每孔加入1ml未含有5%胎牛血清之細胞培養液及不同劑量(15μg及40μg)之粒線體沈澱物(實例二所製備),再分別進行培養24小時,培養完成後,以磷酸鹽緩衝液進行清洗,再加入含有10μM之JC-1染色試劑之緩衝液,於37℃下反應10分鐘,經清洗後,進行螢光訊號測量(Excitation/Emission: 488/530 nm),結果如圖3所示。
由圖3之結果可知,僅有以過氧化氫或AGEs-BSA處理之腎臟上皮細胞,其內JC-1單體(monomer)之表現增加,顯示腎臟上皮細胞內粒線體被過氧化氫或AGEs-BSA所造成之發炎環境而導致損傷;而先以過氧化氫或AGEs-BSA處理,再以不同劑量粒線體沈澱物處理之腎臟上皮細胞,其內JC-1單體之表現係明顯下降,並且隨著粒線體沈澱物之劑量增加,腎臟上皮細胞中JC-1單體之表現係隨之下降。
實例九:動物試驗
取10週大的C57BL / 6小鼠,飼養於恆溫和恆濕度下及12:12小時之明暗循環環境;而小鼠腎臟損傷模式將以缺血再灌流之模式(ischemia-reperfusion,下稱I/R腎臟損傷模式)進行,步驟如下:先以腹腔注射將150 mg/Kg之苯巴比妥(phenobarbital)注射至小鼠腹部,待小鼠昏迷後於其小鼠左側腎臟位置進行手術,將左側腎臟自切口處移至外面,接著以血管夾將腎動脈流入腎臟的血管阻斷,阻斷30分鐘後移除血管夾使血流再度通過,及完成I/R腎臟損傷模式
經I/R腎臟損傷模式處理後之小鼠,以腎動脈血管注射將不同劑量之粒線體(15μg及40μg)送入腎臟,即為粒線體高劑量組及粒線體低劑量組;對照組(I/R組)則注射磷酸鹽緩衝液。各組小鼠完成其處理後,分別將腎臟移回體內並進行傷口縫合;並於各組小鼠進行後的第1天(D1)及第2天(D2)收集血液樣品,測量血清肌酸酐(Creatinine,Cr)和血液尿素氮(BUN);接著將所抽取到的血液利進行離心,分離且收集血清,分析血清中之尿素氮及肌酸酐之含量;其中,血清肌酸酐檢測以小鼠肌酸酐分析套組(廠牌: Crystal Chem; 型號: 80350)進行分析;血清尿素氮檢測以尿素分析套組(廠牌: abcam; 型號: ab83362)進行分析。於各組小鼠移植後第7天(D7)犧牲後,對各小鼠左側腎臟進行灌流並用福爾馬林固定後,進行石蠟包埋及組織切片,再進行 H&E染色,對染色結果根據組織學研究缺血性損傷引起之形態變化,採用Jablonski半定量標準評分腎損傷程度:0分為正常組織;1分為腎小管損傷面積小於5%;2分為腎小管損傷面積為5%以上至25%以下;3分為腎小管損傷面積為大於25%至75%以下;4分為腎小管損傷面積大於75%。
上述結果如下表1所示。由表1之結果可知,相較於控制組來說,I/R組血清中之尿素氮與肌酸酐之的表現量會有明顯的增加,顯示I/R腎臟損傷模式確實會造成腎臟損傷,並且,由腎臟損傷評分之結果可得知I/R組之分數為3-4分,代表腎小管損傷嚴重;而相較於I/R組來說,給予粒線體之組別的小鼠血清中尿素氮與肌酸酐之含量明顯降低,顯示給予粒線體係能夠有效地改善腎臟損傷,並由腎臟損傷評分之結果可知投予粒線體能夠使受損腎臟細胞恢復,改善腎小管損傷之狀況,且隨著給予粒線體劑量之增加,改善腎臟損傷之效果增加。
表1:各組小鼠經不同處理後之血清及腎臟組織切片之分析結果
  控制組 I/R組 粒線體低劑量組(15μg) 粒線體低劑量組(40μg)
D1血清中尿素氮(mg/dL) 19±1.8 61±2.6 25±2.3 24±2.4
D2血清中尿素氮(mg/dL) 21±1.6 119±2.2 63±1.9 41±2.1
D1血清中肌酸酐(mg/dL) 0.23±0.024 0.41±0.021 0.31±0.023 0.29±0.025
D2血清中肌酸酐(mg/dL) 0.22±0.03 0.59±0.022 0.42±0.026 0.34±0.031
D7腎臟損傷評分 0 3.7±0.32 2.9±0.29 1.8±0.35
由上述結果顯示,當腎臟細胞因纖維化、氧化壓力或是發炎環境造成粒線體受損情形發生時,投予本發明所揭粒線體萃取物或含有其之組合物,係能夠有效地改善腎臟細胞粒線體受損之情形,進而能夠達到改善或治療腎臟細胞受損或與之相關疾病之功效。
圖1A係為統計分析腎臟上皮細胞經不同濃度過氧化氫處理24小時後之存活率的結果。 圖1B係為統計分析腎臟上皮細胞經不同濃度過氧化氫處理後,再投予不同劑量之粒線體沈澱物後之存活率的結果。 圖2A係腎臟上皮細胞經不同濃度糖化終產物(AGEs-BSA)分別處理不同時間後,檢測分析腎臟上皮細胞膠原蛋白分泌量之結果。 圖2B係腎臟上皮細胞經不同濃度AGEs-BSA分別處理並再投予不同劑量之粒線體沈澱物後,檢測分析腎臟上皮細胞膠原蛋白分泌量之結果。 圖2C圖2B係腎臟上皮細胞經不同濃度之過氧化氫分別處理並再投予不同劑量之粒線體沈澱物後,檢測分析腎臟上皮細胞膠原蛋白分泌量之結果。 圖3係為係腎臟上皮細胞經過氧化氫或AGEs-BSA分別處理,並再投予不同劑量之粒線體沈澱物後,檢測分析腎臟上皮細胞粒線體受損情形之結果。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途。
  2. 如請求項1所述粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途,其中,該腎臟損傷相關疾病係為腎臟纖維化。
  3. 如請求項1所述粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途,其中,該腎臟損傷相關疾病係為腎臟發炎。
  4. 如請求項1所述粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途,其中,該腎臟損傷相關疾病係具有粒線體受損之病徵。
  5. 如請求項1所述粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途,其中,該腎臟損傷相關疾病係為慢性腎臟病。
  6. 如請求項1所述粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途,其中,該腎臟損傷相關疾病係為腎小管損傷。
  7. 如請求項6所述粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途,其中,該腎小管損傷之病徵為損傷面積係大於25%。
  8. 如請求項1所述粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途,其中,該組合物中之該粒線體之劑量為5μg以上。
  9. 如請求項1所述粒線體用於製備預防或/及治療腎臟損傷相關疾病之組合物之用途,其中,該組合物中之該粒線體之劑量為40μg以上。
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