TW202109010A - 具有可調光學特性之水凝膠粒子及其使用方法 - Google Patents
具有可調光學特性之水凝膠粒子及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
描述了水凝膠粒子及其在細胞計量應用中之用途。本文所述之水凝膠粒子選擇性地可調以具有與靶細胞之至少一種光學特性實質上相似之至少一種光學特性。就此而言,本文提供之水凝膠粒子在一個態樣中用作用於偵測樣品中之靶細胞之校準試劑。
Description
流式細胞術為允許個別細胞之快速分離、計數及表徵之技術並且常規用於臨床和實驗室設置中以進行多種應用。該技術依賴於將光束導向流體動力學聚焦之液體流上。多個偵測器隨後對準液流穿過光束之處:一個與光束成一直線(前向散射或FSC)和幾個與其垂直(側向散射或SSC)。FSC與細胞體積相關並且SSC取決於粒子之內部複雜性(例如,細胞核之形狀、胞質顆粒之量及類型或膜粗糙度)。由於此等相關性,不同之特定細胞類型表現出不同之FSC及SSC,允許細胞類型在流式細胞儀中進行區分。
然而,鑒別特定細胞類型之能力依賴於儀器之適當校準,此為依賴於所關注細胞類型之純化細胞之使用的過程。獲得此等純化細胞可能需要高成本之費力程序,其易於在不同批次之間產生變化。因此,此項技術中需要具有可調光學特性之合成組合物,其可模擬諸如流式細胞儀之裝置中的特定細胞類型。
在本發明之一個態樣中,提供包含聚合單體且具有至少一個表面之水凝膠粒子。該水凝膠粒子具有與靶細胞之至少一種光學特性實質上相似之至少一種光學特性。在一個實施方案中,該光學特性為側向散射概況(SSC)、前向散射概況(FSC)、螢光發射概況或其組合。該靶細胞可為使用者指定之任何靶細胞。舉例而言,在一個實施方案中,該靶細胞為免疫細胞、幹細胞或癌細胞。
在另一個態樣中,提供用於校準用於分析靶細胞之細胞計量裝置之方法。在一個實施方案中,該方法包括向該裝置中插入具有與靶細胞實質上相似之至少一種光學特性之水凝膠粒子,其中該水凝膠粒子包含聚合單體且具有至少一個表面。該方法進一步包括使用該細胞計量裝置量測該水凝膠粒子之至少一種光學特性。在一個實施方案中,該至少一種光學特性用作偵測樣品中之靶細胞的參考。
在另一個態樣中,提供用於偵測樣品中之靶細胞之方法。該方法包括向裝置中插入具有與靶細胞實質上相似之至少一種光學特性之水凝膠粒子,其中該水凝膠粒子包含聚合單體。該方法進一步包括使用細胞計量裝置來量測該水凝膠粒子之至少一種光學特性。將包含複數個細胞之樣品插入細胞計量裝置中,並且量測該複數個細胞中之個別細胞之至少一種光學特性。最後,無論樣品中是否存在一個或複數個靶細胞,基於光學特性量測來進行測定。
在本文提供之方法之一個實施方案中,該水凝膠粒子包含可生物降解之單體。在另一個實施方案中,該可生物降解之單體為單糖、二糖、多糖、肽、蛋白質或蛋白質結構域。在另一個實施方案中,該可生物降解之單體經丙烯醯胺或丙烯酸酯官能化。
相關申請之交叉引用
本申請案主張2015年2月9日申請之美國臨時申請案第62/114,004號及2015年6月24日申請之美國臨時申請案第62/184,192號之優先權,該等臨時申請案各自之揭示內容以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
除非明確相反指出使用情形,否則不定冠詞「一」及定冠詞「該」意欲包括單數及複數。
「至少一個」和「一個或多個」可互換使用以意指物品可包括一個或一個以上的所列出要素。
除非另外說明,否則應理解,在本說明書和權利要求中使用之所有表示成分、反應條件等之量、比率和數值特性的數字都預期能夠在所有情況下由術語「約」修飾。
流式細胞儀之若干關鍵校準量測需要精確時間解析度,諸如設置雷射器之間的偏移時間,及計算物體之偵測與分選之間的延遲時間。由於儀器內之流體條件,此等計時參數之精確設置需要使用與待分析之細胞具有相同尺寸的校準粒子。通常使用具有可變螢光強度之聚苯乙烯珠粒來進行定時校準以校準激發源之反應且設置鐳射間定時延遲及分選延遲。亦可使用正向及側向散射信號來校準流式細胞儀,該等信號為目標樣品之尺寸及粒度或複雜性之一般量度。此等校準對於流式細胞儀之精確效能以及對於細胞群體之任何下游分析或分選為關鍵的。所揭示之水凝膠粒子展現調節之散射特性並且適合用作多種哺乳動物或細菌細胞類型之校準試劑。散射為針對臨床、食品安全及研究目的用於區分不均質混合物中之細胞類型的標準指標。
雖然聚苯乙烯粒子可用於針對一些應用設置雷射間及分選延遲,但許多真核細胞類型屬於市售聚苯乙烯粒子之尺寸範圍(1-20 µm)外部,使得幾乎不可能對於此等靶標精確地校準流式細胞儀。此外,如圖1中所示,聚苯乙烯粒子基本上局限於可具有諸如側向散射之光學特性,其為細胞複雜性之一般量度。聚苯乙烯粒子因此局限於在流式細胞術中使用之兩種最重要無源光學量測:FSC(前向散射)和SSC(側向散射),其分別量測靶標之尺寸及複雜性。由於聚苯乙烯之此等限制,使用者必須依賴於純化細胞株來校準實驗之螢光強度、雷射間延遲、分選延遲、尺寸及細胞複雜性。此為一個冗長且勞動密集型過程,其顯著增加流式細胞術驗證及研究管道之成本。更重要的是,此等校準細胞株引入生物變異,造成資料解釋之差異。
此外,當此等儀器用於臨床應用,例如以分離人類T調節細胞或幹細胞以用於下游細胞療法時,用於校準流式細胞儀之品質控制(QC)亦為重要之考慮因素。FDA命令在施用至患者之前證明細胞療法產品之無菌性、身份、純度及效能(Riley等, (2009). Immunity 30, 第656-665頁)。因此用聚苯乙烯QC粒子污染細胞群體可能為有問題的,因為聚苯乙烯已牽涉於某些癌症中。另外,在施用至患者後經酶促降解或內部消化之QC標準物污染之細胞群體可能克服它們應該出現之污染問題。
如下文所討論,本發明解決此等及其他需求。
在一個態樣中,提供包含複數個水凝膠粒子之組合物,其中該複數個之個別水凝膠粒子各自具有與靶細胞之一種或多種光學特性實質上相似之一種或多種光學特性。該複數個個別水凝膠粒子各自獨立地包含水凝膠,其藉由聚合一種或多種單體即以形成均聚物或共聚物來合成。如下文進一步討論,雙官能單體之使用允許例如用螢光染料、細胞表面標誌物或其抗原決定基結合片段或其組合將水凝膠進一步衍生化。調節以滿足/匹配所需細胞子群體指標之水凝膠參數之實例提供於圖10。本文描述用於調節水凝膠特性之方法。調整多種參數(包括水凝膠組分及其濃度)之能力允許調節粒子以模擬廣泛範圍之細胞(例如本文所述細胞類型之一)的能力。
如上文所提供,在一個態樣中,本發明提供個別水凝膠粒子,其各自具有與靶細胞之一種或多種光學特性實質上相似的一種或多種光學特性。在一個實施方案中,該一種或多種光學特性為側向散射概況、前向散射概況或次要標誌物概況,諸如螢光標誌物概況,例如結合至水凝膠粒子表面之螢光標誌物抗體之螢光標誌物概況。如本文所用之「實質上相似」表示至少40%相似性、至少50%相似性、至少60%相似性、至少70%相似性、至少80%相似性、至少90%相似性、至少95%相似性、至少96%相似性、至少97%相似性、至少98%相似性或至少99%相似性。
本發明係部分地基於如下出乎意料之發現:可藉由改變水凝膠粒子之組成,例如藉由改變組合物中之初始單體(或共聚單體)之量,藉由改變表面官能化,藉由改變聚合起始劑之量或藉由改變交聯劑之量,來獨立地調節水凝膠粒子之一種或多種光學特性。舉例而言,可在實質上不影響前向散射(FSC)之情況下調節側向散射(SSC),反之亦然。此外,可在對粒子密度不具有實質影響之情況下調節水凝膠粒子之光學特性(例如折射率)。此為令人驚訝且有用之特徵,因為在流式細胞方法諸如流式細胞術或(螢光活化細胞分選)FACS中充當細胞替代物之水凝膠粒子需要最小的密度以在彼等檢定中起作用。
在另一個態樣中,提供用於製造水凝膠粒子之方法,其中該水凝膠粒子具有與一種或多種靶細胞之光學特性實質上相似的一種或多種光學特性。在一個實施方案中,該水凝膠粒子具有預定光學特性。在一個實施方案中,該光學特性為SSC、FSC、螢光發射或其組合。
在另一個態樣中,提供校準用於分析靶細胞之細胞計量裝置之方法。在一個實施方案中,該方法包括:(a)在該裝置中插入具有與該靶細胞之光學特性實質上相似之光學特性的水凝膠粒子;b)使用該細胞計量裝置量測該水凝膠粒子之光學特性,由此校準用於分析靶細胞之細胞計量裝置。細胞計量裝置為此項技術中已知的,並且包括用於執行流式細胞術及FACS之市售裝置。
如上文所提供,在本發明之一個態樣中,提供包含複數個水凝膠粒子之組合物。水凝膠為包含大分子三維網路以允許其在水存在下溶脹、在水不存在下(或藉由降低水量)收縮但不溶解於水中之材料。溶脹(即水的吸收)為存在連接至或分散於大分子網路內之親水性官能基之結果。相鄰大分子之間的交聯導致此等水凝膠之水不溶性。交聯可能是由於化學(即共價)或物理(即范德華力、氫鍵、離子力等)鍵。可藉由使單體材料聚合以形成主鏈且使該主鏈與交聯劑交聯來製備合成製備之水凝膠。如本文所提及,術語「水凝膠」係指脫水或水合狀態之大分子材料。特別有價值之水凝膠之特徵在於,無論脫水或水合,該材料皆保持一般形狀。因此,若水凝膠在脫水條件下具有大致球形形狀,則其在水合條件下將為球形的。
在一個實施方案中,本文揭示之水凝膠粒子包含大於約30%、大於約40%、大於約50%、大於約55%、大於約60%、大於約65%、大於約70%、大於約75%、大於約80%、大於約85%、大於約90%或大於約95%之水。在另一個實施方案中,水凝膠粒子具有約10重量%至約95重量%、或約20重量%至約95重量%、或約30重量%至約95重量%、或約40重量%至約95重量%、或約50重量%至約95重量%、或約60重量%至約95重量%、或約70重量%至約95重量%、或約80重量%至約95重量%之水含量。
本文提供之呈粒子形式之水凝膠係藉由聚合本文提供之一種或多種單體來合成。進行該合成以形成個別水凝膠粒子。在一個實施方案中,單體材料(單體)經聚合以形成均聚物。然而,在另一個實施方案中,不同單體單元(即共聚單體)之共聚物經合成並用於本文提供之方法中。在一個實施方案中,本文所述之方法及組合物中使用之單體或共聚單體為雙官能單體或包括雙官能單體(其中使用共聚單體)。在一個實施方案中,在交聯劑存在下合成水凝膠。在另一個實施方案中,在聚合起始劑存在下合成水凝膠。
本發明之使用者可改變單體量,例如以獲得與靶細胞實質上相似之特定光學特性。在一個實施方案中,一種或多種單體組分(即,單體、共聚單體、雙官能單體或其組合,例如,各種交聯比率之雙/丙烯醯胺、烯丙胺或提供對於次要標記/結合或海藻酸鹽之化學官能性之其他共聚單體)以水凝膠之約10重量%至約95重量%存在。在另一個實施方案中,一種或多種單體組分以水凝膠之約15重量%至約90重量%、或水凝膠之約20重量%至約90重量%存在。
可用於本發明之各種單體及交聯化學之實例提供於名稱為「Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology」之熱科學交聯技術手冊(可在tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf獲得,其揭示內容出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入)。舉例而言,可使用肼(例如,用NHS酯化合物)或EDC偶合反應(例如,用順丁烯二醯亞胺化合物)可用於構建本發明之水凝膠。
在一個實施方案中,用於本文提供之水凝膠之單體為乳酸、乙醇酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸1-羥乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羥乙酯(HEMA)、甲基丙烯酸丙二醇酯、丙烯醯胺、N-乙烯基吡咯啶酮(NVP)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸甘油酯(GMA)、甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、乙二醇、反丁烯二酸、其衍生形式或其組合。
在一個實施方案中,本文使用以下單體中之一種或多種來形成本發明之水凝膠:甲基丙烯酸2-羥乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羥基乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羥基二乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基二乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸聚(乙二醇)酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基-聚(乙二醇)酯、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸鈉、甲基丙烯酸甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸羥丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羥丁酯或其組合。
在另一個實施方案中,本文使用以下單體中之一種或多種來形成可調水凝膠:丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸苄酯、甲基丙烯酸苄酯、丙烯酸2-苯基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-苯基乙酯、丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、丙烯酸苯硫基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸苯硫基乙酯、丙烯酸2,4,6-三溴苯酯、甲基丙烯酸2,4,6-三溴苯酯、丙烯酸五溴苯酯、甲基丙烯酸五溴苯酯、丙烯酸五氯苯酯、甲基丙烯酸五氯苯酯、丙烯酸2,3-二溴丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2,3-二溴丙酯、丙烯酸2-萘酯、甲基丙烯酸2-萘酯、丙烯酸4-甲氧基苄酯、甲基丙烯酸4-甲氧基苄酯、丙烯酸2-苄氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-苄氧基乙酯、丙烯酸4-氯苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸4-氯苯氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙氧基乙酯、N-苯基丙烯醯胺、N-苯基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-苄基丙烯醯胺、N-苄基甲基丙烯醯胺、N,N-二苄基丙烯醯胺、N,N-二苄基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-二苯基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-(4-甲基苯基)甲基丙烯醯胺、N-1-萘基丙烯醯胺、N-4-硝基苯基丙烯醯胺、N-(2-苯基乙基)丙烯醯胺、N-三苯基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-(4-羥基苯基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-甲基苯基丙烯醯胺、N,N-苯基苯基乙基丙烯醯胺、N-二苯基甲基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-(4-甲基苯基)甲基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-1-萘基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-4-硝基苯基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-(2-苯基乙基)甲基丙烯醯胺、N-三苯基甲基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-(4-羥基苯基)甲基丙烯醯胺、N,N-甲基苯基甲基丙烯醯胺、N,N'-苯基苯基乙基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-乙烯基哢唑、4-乙烯基吡啶、2-乙烯基吡啶,如美國專利第6,657,030號中所述,其出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
合成單體及生物單體可用於本文提供之水凝膠中,以形成合成水凝膠、生物水凝膠或雜合水凝膠,其包含合成組分及生物組分(例如,肽、蛋白質、單糖、二糖、多糖,生物分子上存在之第一胺巰基、羰基、碳水化合物、羧酸)。例如,蛋白質、肽或碳水化合物可用作個別單體以形成包括或不包括合成單體(或聚合物)且與化學相容性共聚單體及交聯化學組合之水凝膠(參見例如名稱為「Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology」之熱科學交聯技術手冊,可在tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf獲得,其揭示內容出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入)。相容性交聯化學包括(但不限於)胺、羧基及其他反應性化學側基。適合用於本文所述之水凝膠及單體中之代表性反應性基團提供於下表1中。
表 1. 適用於生物單體結合之交聯劑反應性基團 | ||
反應性類別 | 目標官能基 | 反應性化學基團 |
胺反應性 | -NH2 | NHS酯 醯亞胺酯 五氟苯酯 羥基甲基膦 |
羧基/胺反應性 | -COOH | 碳化二亞胺(例如EDC) |
巰基反應性 | -SH | 順丁烯二醯亞胺 鹵乙醯基(溴-或碘-) 吡啶基硫化物 硫代磺酸酯 乙烯基磺酸酯 |
醛反應性(氧化糖、羰基) | -CHO | 肼 烷氧基胺 |
光反應性,即非選擇性、隨機插入 | 隨機 | 二氮雜環丙烯 芳基疊氮化物 |
羥基(非水性)反應性 | -OH | 異氰酸酯 |
疊氮化物反應性 | -N3 | 膦 |
一般而言,熟習此項技術者通常已知之任何形式之聚合化學/方法可用於形成聚合物。在一些實施方案中,可藉由紫外光誘發自由基形成及反應進程來催化聚合。在其他實施方案中,本揭示案之水凝膠粒子係藉由丙烯醯胺聚合或丙烯酸酯聚合來製備的。舉例而言,在一個實施方案中,丙烯醯胺為可聚合之碳水化合物衍生之丙烯醯胺,如美國專利第6,107,365號中所述,其揭示內容出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入。如其中所述及一般技術者已知,丙烯醯胺基團與糖之特定連接容易適於多種單糖及更高階多糖,例如,合成多糖或衍生自天然來源之多糖,諸如血清或組織中存在之糖蛋白。
在一個實施方案中,丙烯酸酯官能化聚(乙二醇)單體用作水凝膠單體。舉例而言,在一個實施方案中,PEG為丙烯酸酯或丙烯醯胺官能化之PEG。
在一些實施方案中,水凝膠粒子包含與至少一種雙官能單體聚合之單官能單體。一種實例包括(但不限於)使用丙烯醯胺及雙丙烯醯胺(雙官能單體)形成聚丙烯醯胺聚合物。在另一個實施方案中,本文提供之水凝膠粒子包含與第二雙官能單體聚合之雙官能單體。一種實例包括(但不限於)具有混合組成之聚合物之形成,所述混合組成含有相容性化學諸如丙烯醯胺、雙丙烯醯胺及雙丙烯醯胺結構同系物,其含有廣泛多種額外化學劑。化學相容性單體、雙官能單體及混合組合物之範圍為熟習此項技術者顯而易見的並且遵循熟習此項技術者已知之化學反應性原則(參考熱手冊及丙烯醯胺聚合手冊)。參見例如名稱為「Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology」之熱科學交聯技術手冊(可在tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf獲得)及聚丙烯醯胺乳液手冊(SNF Floerger,可在snf.com.au/downloads/Emulsion_Handbook_E.pdf獲得),其揭示內容出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入。
在一個實施方案中,本文提供之水凝膠粒子包含可聚合單官能單體並且為單官能丙烯酸單體。本文使用之單官能丙烯酸單體之非限制性實例為丙烯醯胺;甲基丙烯醯胺;N-烷基丙烯醯胺諸如N-乙基丙烯醯胺、N-異丙基丙烯醯胺或N-第三丁基丙烯醯胺;N-烷基甲基丙烯醯胺諸如N-乙基甲基丙烯醯胺或N-異丙基甲基丙烯醯胺;N,N-二烷基丙烯醯胺諸如N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺基N,N-二乙基-丙烯醯胺;N-[(二烷基胺基)烷基]丙烯醯胺諸如N-[3-二甲基胺基)丙基]丙烯醯胺或N-[3-(二乙基胺基)丙基]丙烯醯胺;N-[(二烷基胺基)烷基]甲基丙烯醯胺諸如N-[3-二甲基胺基)丙基]甲基丙烯醯胺或N-[3-(二乙基胺基)丙基]甲基丙烯醯胺;丙烯酸(二烷基胺基)烷酯諸如丙烯酸2-(二甲基胺基)乙酯、丙烯酸2-(二甲基胺基)丙酯或丙烯酸2-(二乙基胺基)乙酯;及甲基丙烯酸(二烷基胺基)烷酯諸如甲基丙烯酸2-(二甲基胺基)乙酯。
雙官能單體為可與本揭示案之單官能單體聚合以形成如本文所述之水凝膠的任何單體,其進一步含有可參與第二反應(例如,螢光團或細胞表面受體(或其結構域)之結合)之第二官能基。
在一些實施方案中,雙官能單體選自由以下組成之群:烯丙胺、烯丙醇、異硫氰酸烯丙酯、烯丙基氯及烯丙基順丁烯二醯亞胺。
雙官能單體可為雙官能丙烯酸單體。雙官能丙烯酸單體之非限制性實例為N,N'-亞甲基雙丙烯醯胺、N,N'-亞甲基雙甲基丙烯醯胺、N,N'-伸乙基雙丙烯醯胺、N,N'-伸乙基雙甲基丙烯醯胺、N,N'-伸丙基雙丙烯醯胺及N,N'-(1,2-二羥伸乙基)雙丙烯醯胺。
更高階支鏈及直鏈共聚單體可在聚合物混合物中取代以在維持聚合物密度的同時調節折射率,如美國專利第6,657,030號中所述,該專利出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
在一些實施方案中,水凝膠包含調節水凝膠之光學特性之分子。下文進一步討論能夠改變水凝膠之光學特性之分子。
在一個實施方案中,個別水凝膠粒子或其複數個包含作為水凝膠單體之可生物降解之聚合物。在一個實施方案中,該可生物降解之聚合物為基於聚交酯(PLA)、聚乙交酯(PGA)、聚己內酯(PCL)之聚(酯)以及其共聚物。在一個實施方案中,該可生物降解之聚合物為碳水化合物或蛋白質,或其組合。舉例而言,在一個實施方案中,將單糖、二糖或多糖(例如葡萄糖、蔗糖或麥芽糊精)、肽、蛋白質(或其結構域)用作水凝膠單體。其他可生物降解之聚合物包括PHB-PHV類別之聚(羥基烷酸酯)、另外之聚(酯)及天然聚合物,例如,改質聚(糖),例如,澱粉、纖維素及脫乙醯殼多糖。在另一個實施方案中,該生物相容性聚合物為粘附蛋白、纖維素、碳水化合物、澱粉(例如,麥芽糊精、2-羥乙基澱粉、海藻酸)、葡聚糖、木質素、聚胺基酸、胺基酸或幾丁質。該等可生物降解之聚合物例如可購自Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO)。
在一個實施方案中,蛋白質僅包含天然胺基酸。然而,本發明不限於此。舉例而言,自組裝人工蛋白及具有非天然胺基酸之蛋白質(例如,併入非核糖體肽中或經由合成方法合成引入者,參見例如Zhang等, (2013). Current Opinion in Structural Biology 23, 第581-587頁,其揭示內容出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入)或其蛋白質結構域亦可用作水凝膠單體。可併入該等組合物中之非天然(非自然)胺基酸之範圍為熟習此項技術者熟知的(Zhang等, (2013). Current Opinion in Structural Biology 23, 第581-587頁;出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入)。在一個實施方案中,該可生物降解之聚合物用作共聚單體,即以單體混合物形式。在一個實施方案中,該可生物降解之聚合物為雙官能單體。
在一個實施方案中,該生物單體經丙烯醯胺或丙烯酸酯官能化。例如,在一個實施方案中,該可聚合之丙烯醯胺官能化生物分子為丙烯醯胺或丙烯酸酯官能化蛋白(例如,丙烯醯胺官能化膠原蛋白或官能化膠原蛋白結構域)、丙烯醯胺或丙烯酸酯官能化肽、或丙烯醯胺或丙烯酸酯官能化單糖、二糖或多糖。
任何單糖、二糖或多糖(官能化與否)可用作水凝膠單體。在一個實施方案中,丙烯醯胺或丙烯酸酯官能化單糖、二糖或多糖用作可聚合之水凝膠單體。在一個實施方案中,結構多糖用作可聚合之水凝膠單體。在另一個實施方案中,該結構多糖為阿拉伯木聚糖、纖維素、幾丁質或果膠。在另一個實施方案中,海藻酸(海藻酸鹽)用作可聚合之水凝膠單體。在另一個實施方案中,葡糖胺聚糖(GAG)用作本文提供之水凝膠中之可聚合單體。在另一個實施方案中,GAG為硫酸軟骨素、硫酸皮膚素、硫酸角質素、肝素、硫酸肝素或透明質酸(在此項技術中也稱為透明質酸酶或透明質酸鹽),其用作可聚合之水凝膠單體。相容性生物單體及其反應性化學物質之額外範圍為熟習此項技術者所知並且遵循一般化學反應性原則。
另外多種可併入之生物相容性單體為此項技術中已知的,參見例如出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中之Shastri (2003). Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 4, 第331-337頁中揭示的非可降解生物相容性單體。其他單體提供於de Moraes Porto (2012). Polymer Biocompatibility, Polymerization, Dr. Ailton De Souza Gomes (編), ISBN: 978-953-51-0745-3;InTech, DOI: 10.5772/47786;Heller等, (2010). Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 49, 第650-661頁;Final Report for Biocompatible Materials (2004), The Board of the Biocompatible Materials and the Molecular Engineering in Polymer Science programmes, ISBN 91-631-4985-0中,該等文獻各自之揭示內容特此以全文引用之方式併入。
在一個實施方案中,用於本文所述之水凝膠之生物相容性單體包括二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)、甲基丙烯酸2-羥乙酯(HEMA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯醯氧基甲基三甲基矽烷(TMS-MA)、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮(N-VP)、苯乙烯或其組合。
可用於本發明中之天然存在之水凝膠包括可獲自天然來源諸如植物、藻類、真菌、酵母、海洋無脊椎動物及節肢動物之各種多糖。非限制性實例包括瓊脂糖、葡聚糖、幾丁質、基於纖維素之化合物、澱粉、衍生澱粉及其類似物。此等通常將具有重複葡萄糖單元作為多糖主鏈之主要部分。該等多糖之交聯化學為此項技術中已知的,參見例如名稱為「Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology」之熱科學交聯技術手冊(可在tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf獲得)。
在一個實施方案中,透明質酸用作水凝膠單體(作為單一單體或作為共聚單體)。在一個實施方案中,透明質酸例如經丙烯酸酯或丙烯醯胺官能化。透明質酸為由經由交替之β-1,4及β-1,3糖苷鍵連接在一起之N-乙醯基葡糖胺及葡糖醛酸之二糖重複單元構成的高分子量GAG。在人體內,透明質酸存在於若干軟結締組織中,包括皮膚、臍帶、滑液及玻璃體。因此,在一個實施方案中,在希望模擬皮膚細胞、臍帶細胞或玻璃體細胞之一種或多種光學特性時,在一個實施方案中使用透明質酸作為水凝膠單體。用於製造水凝膠粒子之方法描述於Xu等, (2012).Soft Matter
. 8, 第3280-3294頁中,該文獻之揭示內容出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中。如其中所述,取決於所需交聯化學及用於形成水凝膠粒子之其他單體,透明質酸可經各種反應性處理衍生化。
在其他實施方案中,脫乙醯殼多糖(由隨機分佈之β-(1-4)-鍵聯D-葡糖胺(脫乙醯化單元)及N-乙醯基-D-葡糖胺(乙醯化單元)構成之直鏈多糖)用作水凝膠單體(作為單一單體或作為共聚單體)。
用作水凝膠單體或共聚單體之其他多糖包括(但不限於)瓊脂、瓊脂糖、海藻酸、多糖酸(alguronic acid)、α葡聚糖、支鏈澱粉、直鏈澱粉、阿拉伯木聚糖、β-葡聚糖、愈創葡聚糖、capsullan、角叉菜多糖(例如,κ、ι或λ類別)、纖維糊精、動物纖維素、纖維素、幾丁質、脫乙醯殼多糖、金藻昆布多糖、凝膠多糖、環糊精、α-環糊精、糊精、葡聚糖、聚蔗糖、果聚糖、岩藻多糖、半乳葡甘聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、半乳阿拉伯半乳聚糖、結冷膠、葡聚糖、葡甘露聚糖、葡糖醛酸木聚糖、糖萼、糖原、半纖維素、同多糖、羥丙基甲基纖維素、艾考糊精、菊粉、開菲爾多糖(kefiran)、昆布多糖、香菇多糖、果聚糖多糖、地衣多糖、甘露聚糖、混聯葡聚糖、副澱粉、果膠酸、果膠、五聚澱粉、植物糖原、平菇葡聚糖(pleuran)、聚右旋糖、多糖肽、紫菜聚糖、支鏈澱粉、裂褶多糖、海蔥糖、西佐糖、汶萊膠、三仙膠、木聚糖、木葡聚糖、酵母多糖或其組合。如通篇所述,取決於水凝膠中使用之所需交聯化學及/或另外之共聚單體,多糖可進一步官能化。例如,在一個實施方案中,本文所述之一種或多種多糖經丙烯酸酯或丙烯醯胺官能化。
在一個實施方案中,個別或複數個水凝膠粒子包含肽、蛋白質、蛋白質結構域或其組合作為一種或複數個水凝膠單體。在另一個實施方案中,該蛋白質為結構蛋白或其結構域,例如絲、彈性蛋白、肌聯蛋白或膠原蛋白,或其結構域。在一個實施方案中,該蛋白質為細胞外基質(ECM)組分(例如,膠原蛋白、彈性蛋白、蛋白聚糖)。在再一個實施方案中,該結構蛋白為膠原蛋白。在又一個實施方案中,該膠原蛋白為I型膠原蛋白、II型膠原蛋白或III型膠原蛋白或其組合。在另一個實施方案中,該水凝膠單體包含蛋白聚糖。在另一個實施方案中,該蛋白聚糖為核心蛋白聚糖、雙鏈蛋白聚糖、睾丸蛋白聚糖、比庫蛋白(bikunin)、纖調蛋白聚糖、人基膜聚糖或其結構域。
在另一個實施方案中,丙烯酸酯官能化結構蛋白水凝膠單體用作本文提供之水凝膠之組分(例如,丙烯酸酯官能化蛋白或蛋白結構域,例如絲、彈性蛋白、titin、膠原蛋白、蛋白聚糖或其官能化結構域)。在另一個實施方案中,該丙烯酸酯官能化結構蛋白水凝膠單體包含蛋白聚糖,例如,核心蛋白聚糖、雙鏈蛋白聚糖、睾丸蛋白聚糖、比庫蛋白、纖調蛋白聚糖、人基膜聚糖或其結構域。
在一個實施方案中,可模擬細胞外基質蛋白之PEG單體及寡肽用於本文提供之水凝膠中,例如,用乙烯基碸官能化多臂PEG、整合素結合肽及雙半胱胺酸基質金屬蛋白酶肽,如由Lutolf等, (2003).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
100, 5413-5418所述,該文獻出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入。在此特定實施方案中,藉由二硫醇化寡肽與乙烯基碸基團之間在PEG上之Michael型加成反應來形成水凝膠。此處可併入之其他相容性化學之範圍為熟習此項技術者顯而易見的並且遵循一般化學反應性原則,參見例如名稱為「Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology」之熱科學交聯技術手冊(可在tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf獲得)。
天然蛋白中之其他生物活性結構域亦可用作水凝膠單體或其部分。舉例而言,細胞粘附整合素結合結構域、控制釋放親和結合結構域或轉穀胺醯胺酶交聯結構域可用於本文提供之水凝膠中。用於製造該等水凝膠之細節可見於Martino等, (2009).Biomaterials
30, 1089;Martino等 (2011).Sci. Trans. Med
. 3, 100ra89;Hu及Messersmith (2003).J. Am. Chem. Soc.
125, 14298中,該等文獻各自出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入。
在一個實施方案中,使用重組DNA方法來產生蛋白質,其經設計以響應於pH或溫度之變化而膠凝,例如,藉由Petka等, (1998).Science
281, 第389-392頁所述之方法,該文獻出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入。簡言之,該等蛋白質由側接水溶性聚電解質區段之末端白胺酸拉鏈結構域構成。在接近中性之水溶液中,末端結構域之捲曲螺旋聚集體形成三維水凝膠聚合物網路。
可用於交聯本文提供之水凝膠之常見交聯劑包括(但不限於)二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)、二甲基丙烯酸四乙二醇酯及N,N'-15亞甲基雙丙烯醯胺。可使用之額外交聯化學之範圍為熟習此項技術者顯而易見的並且遵循一般化學反應性原則,參見例如名稱為「Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology」之熱科學交聯技術手冊(可在tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf獲得)。
在一個實施方案中,水凝膠之聚合係藉由過硫酸鹽或催化自由基形成之等效起始劑來起始的。相容性起始劑之範圍為熟習此項技術者已知的並且遵循一般化學反應性原則,參見例如名稱為「Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology」之熱科學交聯技術手冊(可在tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking- Reagents-Handbook.pdf獲得)。該過硫酸鹽可為任何水溶性過硫酸鹽。水溶液過硫酸鹽之非限制性實例為過硫酸銨及鹼金屬過硫酸鹽。鹼金屬包括鋰、鈉及鉀。在一些實施方案中,該過硫酸鹽為過硫酸銨或過硫酸鉀。在另一個實施方案中,本文提供之水凝膠之聚合係藉由過硫酸銨起始的。
水凝膠之聚合可藉由可催化聚合不穩定之化學側基之形成的促進劑來加速。可能之促進劑之範圍為熟習此項技術者已知的並且遵循一般化學反應性原則,參見例如名稱為「Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology」之熱科學交聯技術手冊(可在tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf獲得)。在一個實施方案中,該促進劑為第三胺。該第三胺可為任何水溶性第三胺。在一個實施方案中,促進劑用於聚合反應中並且為N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、3-(二甲基胺基)-丙腈或N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)。在另一個實施方案中,促進劑用於聚合反應中並且為偶氮雙(異丁腈) (AIBN)。
如上文所討論,用於本文所述之組合物及方法中之水凝膠可包括如本文所述之任何單體單元及交聯劑,並且在一個態樣中係藉由聚合微滴製造為水凝膠粒子(參見例如圖2)。製造複數個微滴(包括流體及剛性化微滴)之微流體方法為一般技術者已知的,並且描述於美國專利公開案第2011/0218123號和美國專利第7,294,503號中,所述文獻各自出於所有目的以全文引用的方式併入本文中。該等方法提供含有第一流體並且經第二流體實質上圍繞之複數個微滴,其中該第一流體及該第二流體實質上不可混溶(例如,含有水基液體之微滴實質上經油基液體圍繞)。
複數個流體微滴(例如,使用微流體裝置製備)可為多分散的(例如,具有一定範圍之不同尺寸),或在一些情況下,該等流體微滴可為單分散或實質上單分散的,例如,具有均勻直徑分佈,例如,以使得不超過約10%、約5%、約3%、約1%、約0.03%或約0.01%之微滴具有大於平均直徑之約10%、約5%、約3%、約1%、約0.03%或約0.01%的平均直徑。如本文所用之微滴群體之平均直徑係指微滴直徑之算術平均值。該等粒子之平均直徑可例如藉由光散射技術量測。在一個實施方案中,例如藉由改變微流體裝置之通道內之第一流體及第二流體之流體流之流速,或藉由改變微流體裝置之通道體積來修改水凝膠粒子之平均直徑。
因此,本揭示案提供包含複數個水凝膠粒子之水凝膠粒子群體,其中該水凝膠粒子群體實質上為單分散的。
術語微流體係指包括至少一個流體通道之裝置、設備或系統,該流體通道具有小於1 mm之橫截面尺寸,並且長度與垂直於通道之最大橫截面尺寸之比率為至少約3:1。包含微流體通道之微流體裝置特別充分適於製備複數個單分散微滴。
可用於本發明之微流體系統之非限制性實例揭示於美國專利申請公開案第2006/0163385號;美國專利申請公開案第2005/0172476號;美國專利申請公開案第2007/000342號;國際專利申請公開案第WO 2006/ 096571號;美國專利申請公開案第2007/0054119號;美國專利第7,776,927號;及國際專利申請公開案第WO 2006/078841號,所述文獻各自出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
微滴尺寸與微流體通道尺寸相關。該微流體通道可具有任何尺寸,例如,垂直於流體流動之最大尺寸為小於約5 mm或2 mm、或小於約1 mm、或小於約500 µm、小於約200 µm、小於約100 µm、小於約60 µm、小於約50 µm、小於約40 µm、小於約30 µm、小於約25 µm、小於約10 µm、小於約3 µm、小於約1 µm、小於約300 nm、小於約100 nm、小於約30 nm或小於約10 nm。
可藉由調整相對流速來調節微滴尺寸。在一些實施方案中,液滴直徑等於通道之寬度,或在通道寬度之約10%、15%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或100%內。
本揭示案之水凝膠粒子之尺寸與其形成之微滴尺寸實質上相似。因此,在一些實施方案中,水凝膠粒子具有直徑小於約1 µm、2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、60、70、80、90、100、120、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、600、800或小於1000 µm之直徑。在一些實施方案中,水凝膠粒子具有直徑大於約1 µm、2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、60、70、80、90、100、120、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、600、800或大於1000 µm之直徑。在一個實施方案中,水凝膠粒子具有在5 µm至100 µm範圍內之直徑。
在一些實施方案中,本揭示案之水凝膠粒子之形狀為球形。
在一些實施方案中,本揭示案之水凝膠粒子不包含瓊脂糖。
在一個實施方案中,藉由懸浮聚合運載水凝膠粒子,懸浮聚合在此項技術中亦稱為珍珠、珠粒或顆粒聚合(參見Elbert (2011).Acta Biomater
. 7, 第31-56頁,其出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中)。在懸浮聚合中,單體不溶於連續相中,例如單體水溶液不溶於連續油相中。在懸浮聚合中,在富含單體之微滴內並且在任何時間每個微滴大於一個自由基下發生聚合起始。在一個實施方案中,單體相包括可為雙官能單體或複數個單體物質(共聚單體,其可為複數個雙官能單體)之單體。在一個實施方案中,單體相包括起始劑及/或交聯劑。
乳液聚合亦可用於形成本文所述之水凝膠粒子。在乳液聚合中,單體在連續相中具有不良溶解性,與懸浮聚合類似,但是,聚合起始發生在單體微滴外部(參見Elbert (2011).Acta Biomater
. 7, 第31-56頁,其出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中)。在乳液聚合實施方案中,起始劑造成溶解於連續相中之單體(或共聚單體)或包含於膠束中之單體(若存在界面活性劑)之鏈生長。
在另一個實施方案中,藉由沈澱聚合來形成水凝膠粒子,例如如Elbert (2011).Acta Biomater
. 7, 第31-56頁中所述,該文獻出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中。沈澱聚合為利用單體及聚合物之溶解性差異來產生微粒之技術。特定言之,已知較大聚合物鏈通常相比於較小聚合物鏈具有較低溶解性。因此,在特定分子量之上,可能有利於相分離。沈澱聚合最初以單相均質體系中之溶液聚合形式開始。在聚合開始之後不久,在一個實施方案中,存在相對高濃度之聚合物鏈,有利於藉由成核進行相分離。隨著聚合進行,聚合物鏈之濃度較低並且現有粒子捕捉鏈,隨後可能出現新粒子成核。因此,僅在反應開始之後不久的一段短暫時期發生粒子成核,在一個實施方案中,其導致粒子之窄尺寸分佈。其他方法包括(但不限於)微影粒子形成(Helgeson等, (2011). Curr. Opin. Colloid. Interface Sci. 16, 第106-117頁,出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中)、膜乳化(例如,藉由Nanomi B.V. (Netherlands)所述之微篩乳化技術)及微通道乳化(Sugiura等, (2002). Languimir 18, 第5708-5712頁,以全文引用之方式併入本文中)及本體乳化(SNF Floerger,可在snf.com.au/downloads/Emulsion_Handbook_E.pdf獲得,以全文引用之方式併入本文中)。
在一個實施方案中,水凝膠粒子形成在具有兩個油通道之微流體裝置內,該等油通道聚焦於單體水溶液之中心流。在此實施方案中,微滴形成於兩個通道及中心流之界面處以中斷油包水乳液中之微滴。在一個實施方案中,一旦微滴形成,即在聚合之前例如藉由向油相添加界面活性劑將其穩定化。然而,在另一實施方案中,微滴未在聚合之前穩定化。在一個實施方案中,藉由在初始微滴形成後向一個或兩個油通道添加促進劑(例如,N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺)來觸發單體之聚合。
如上文所提供之單體水溶液可包括單一單體物質或複數個單體物質。該單體水溶液可包括共聚單體、雙官能單體或其組合。在一個實施方案中,該單體或該複數個單體可包括雙官能單體,例如,上述單體之一。如下文所述,例如藉由調整水凝膠粒子之折射率,共聚單體可用於調節前向散射或側向散射。
在一個實施方案中,單體水溶液之中心流包含交聯劑,例如,N,N'-雙丙烯醯胺。在另一個實施方案中,除了單體之外,單體水溶液之中心流亦包含交聯劑及促進劑。在另一個實施方案中,該單體水溶液包含起始劑,例如氧化劑諸如過硫酸銨。
藉由添加共聚單體丙烯酸烯丙酯及甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯調整凝膠之折射率來調節前向散射(亦參見圖11及圖12)。亦可用含有足夠的光學解析度/尺寸/密度之側向散射奈米粒子(包括但不限於二氧化矽及/或PMMA粒子之較高密度膠體懸浮液)來調節前向散射。藉由在聚合之前向中心水相添加二氧化矽奈米粒子及/或PMMA(聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯))粒子(約100 nm)之膠體懸浮液來調節微滴之側向散射(圖11及圖12)。
在一個實施方案中,將珠粒、複數個珠粒、生物分子或複數個生物分子包埋(囊封)在水凝膠粒子內。在一個實施方案中,使用囊封珠粒或生物分子來模擬靶細胞之一種或多種細胞內細胞器,或其吞噬粒子後之細胞。在一個實施方案中,在水凝膠粒子形成時實現珠粒或生物分子之囊封或包埋。例如,珠粒可以適當濃度懸浮以允許平均一個珠粒包埋/囊封在單個水凝膠粒子中。珠粒懸浮液可以包括在例如單體水溶液內。類似地,生物分子或生物分子混合物可併入單體水溶液中以囊封該或該等生物分子。
或者,在一個實施方案中,一旦例如藉由上述方法形成水凝膠粒子,其可例如藉由將珠粒、複數個珠粒、生物分子或複數個生物分子包埋在水凝膠粒子內來進一步操縱。
因此,在本發明的一個態樣中,提供包含包埋物質之水凝膠。
在一個實施方案中,包埋物質為包埋分子,例如生物分子。該生物分子可為單一物質或複數個不同物質。舉例而言,蛋白質、肽、碳水化合物、核酸或其組合可囊封在本發明之水凝膠粒子內。此外,可藉由本發明之水凝膠粒子囊封不同核酸分子(例如,具有不同序列或核酸類型,諸如基因組DNA、信使RNA或DNA-RNA雜合體)。此等可包含任何蛋白質或核酸,因為兩種形式之生物材料皆含有不穩定之化學側基(或可藉由商業供應商修飾(例如,Integrated DNA Technology化學側基修飾))。該等側基與共聚單體組合物中通常存在之反應化學(例如丙烯酸酯化學、NHS酯、第一胺、銅催化之點擊化學(Sharpless))相容。熟習此項技術者應理解含有相容化學之可能之包埋分子的範圍。
在一個實施方案中,製造水凝膠粒子之不同子群體,各自具有不同濃度之生物分子。在另一個實施方案中,該生物分子為核酸、蛋白質、細胞內離子如鈣酸(或使用者選擇之其他生物分子,例如,鈣)。在另一個實施方案中,製造水凝膠粒子之不同子群體,各自具有不同濃度之藥物物質。在一個實施方案中,該藥物物質為生物分子(即,生物劑、抗體、抗體藥物結合物、蛋白質/酶、肽、非核糖體肽或相關分子)或小分子合成藥物(例如,I/II/III型聚酮化合物、具有生物活性特性之非核糖體肽或如由熟習此項技術者通常分類之其他小分子實體)。
就此而言,本發明尤其可用於測定檢定解析度,其中細胞關於其相應之核酸或蛋白質含量進行染色。在一個實施方案中,用已知不同量之細胞內物質(例如核酸或蛋白質)來囊封本文提供之不同群體之水凝膠粒子。個別水凝膠粒子針對細胞內物質進行染色並且經由細胞計量裝置對於不同群體之個別水凝膠量測螢光。此允許產生標準曲線來建立細胞內檢定之靈敏度及動態範圍。一旦建立,樣品即可穿過細胞計量器以偵測可能存在之靶細胞,且定量相應靶細胞中之細胞內物質之量。在一個實施方案中,包埋物質為感染性疾病生物標誌物,例如感染性疾病生物標誌物資料庫(IDBD,參見Yang等, (2008) IDBD: Infectious Disease Biomarker Database.Nucleic Acid Res.
36, 第D455-D460頁,其出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入)中之一種感染性疾病生物標誌物。在另一個實施方案中,該感染性疾病生物標誌物為胃腸道感染、呼吸道感染、神經感染、泌尿生殖感染、病毒感染、出血熱、人畜共患病、蟲媒病毒、抗生素抗性或生物恐怖主義之生物標誌物。在另一個實施方案中,該病毒感染為埃博拉感染。
在一個實施方案中,本文提供之方法係用於測定細胞核酸定量檢定之靈敏度及/或動態範圍。在此實施方案中,對樣品詢問樣品內之細胞類型(若存在),及細胞內之細胞核酸量。
在另一個實施方案中,本發明提供用於測定細胞內蛋白定量檢定之解析度及/或靈敏度之方法。在一個實施方案中,水凝膠粒子囊封不同濃度之已知量之蛋白質,且隨後用適當蛋白質抗體染色。對於不同粒子量測螢光以測定檢定之靈敏度及/或動態範圍。隨後可比較螢光值與自樣品中之細胞獲得之值,以測定是否存在靶細胞以及其是否含有細胞內蛋白,及該蛋白之量。
在一個實施方案中,調節個別水凝膠粒子以具有與母體血液中存在之迴圈腫瘤細胞或胎兒細胞實質上相似之至少一種光學特性。用已知量之所關注生物分子包埋個別粒子。使用該等粒子來產生標準曲線以用於特定細胞類型之生物分子偵測檢定。
如上文所提供,在本發明之一個態樣中,提供包含包埋物質之水凝膠。在一個實施方案中,該包埋物質為珠粒或複數個珠粒。在一個實施方案中,用單個珠粒包埋水凝膠粒子。在另一個實施方案中,複數個水凝膠粒子中之包埋個別水凝膠珠粒之平均數目為一個。
在一個實施方案中,在將珠粒或複數個珠粒包埋在水凝膠粒子中之情況下,該珠粒或該複數個珠粒之光學特性與水凝膠粒子之FSC及SSC特性組合用於流式細胞術檢定之品質控制。舉例而言,在一個實施方案中,該包埋珠粒用作對照來校準流式細胞儀系統,包括雷射源、光學器件及射流。在另一個實施方案中,該包埋珠粒用作用於定量樣品(例如,特定細胞)中之螢光量之手段。就此而言,不同強度之包埋珠粒可用於產生螢光標準曲線以確定細胞是否表現特定標誌物並且表現處於何種程度。
在一個實施方案中,將直徑為約1 µm至約3 µm、約2 µm至約4 µm或約3 µm至約7 µm之珠粒包埋在本文提供之水凝膠中。舉例而言,在一個實施方案中,該珠粒具有約3 µm至約3.5 µm之直徑。在另一個實施方案中,該珠粒為螢光珠粒。在另一個實施方案中,該珠粒具有約1 µm至約2.5 µm或約1.5 µm至約3 µm之直徑。在另一個實施方案中,該珠粒為螢光珠粒並且可在內部或在其表面染色。在另一個實施方案中,該螢光珠粒在內部染色。不希望受理論束縛,認為內部染色將螢光團與環境相互作用隔離,其可造成可變螢光輸出。
如上文所提供,在一個實施方案中,該包埋珠粒為螢光珠粒,並且在另一個實施方案中,該螢光珠粒在內部染色。選擇與包埋珠粒結合使用之適當螢光團在此項技術中之技能範圍內。在一個實施方案中,該珠粒經以下螢光染料中之一種或多種衍生化:6-羧基-4',5'-二氯-2',7'-二甲氧基螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基伊紅;5-羧基螢光素;6-羧基螢光素;5-(及6)-羧基螢光素;S-羧基螢光素-雙(5-羧基甲氧基-2-硝基苄基)醚、-丙胺酸-羧醯胺或丁二醯亞胺酯;5-羧基螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(4,6-二氯三嗪基)胺基螢光素;2',7'-二氟螢光素;伊紅-5-異硫氰酸酯;赤蘚紅5-異硫氰酸酯;6-(螢光素-5-羧醯胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;6-(螢光素-5-(及6)-羧醯胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;螢光素-S-EX丁二醯亞胺酯;螢光素-5-異硫氰酸酯;螢光素-6-異硫氰酸酯;OregonGreen® 488羧酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;Oregon Green® 488異硫氰酸酯;Oregon Green® 488-X丁二醯亞胺酯;Oregon Green® 500羧酸;Oregon Green® 500羧酸、丁二醯亞胺酯或三乙銨鹽;Oregon Green® 514羧酸;Oregon Green® 514羧酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;RhodamineGreen™羧酸、丁二醯亞胺酯或鹽酸鹽;Rhodamine Green™羧酸、三氟乙醯胺或丁二醯亞胺酯;Rhodamine Green™-X丁二醯亞胺酯或鹽酸鹽;RhodolGreen™羧酸、N,O-雙(三氟乙醯基)或丁二醯亞胺酯;雙(4-羧基哌啶基)磺醯羅丹明或二(丁二醯亞胺酯);5-(及6)羧基萘並螢光素、5-(及6)羧基萘並螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;5-羧基羅丹明6G鹽酸鹽;6-羧基羅丹明6G鹽酸鹽、5-羧基羅丹明6G丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基羅丹明6G丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基羅丹明6G丁二醯亞胺酯;5-羧基-2',4',5',7'-四溴碸螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯或雙(二異丙基乙基銨)鹽;5-羧基四甲基羅丹明;6-羧基四甲基羅丹明;5-(及6)-羧基四甲基羅丹明;5-羧基四甲基羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基四甲基羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基四甲基羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基-X-羅丹明;5-羧基-X-羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基-X羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基-X羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;5-羧基-X-羅丹明三乙銨鹽;LissamineTM羅丹明B磺醯氯;孔雀石綠;異硫氰酸酯;NANOGOLD®單(磺基丁二醯亞胺酯);QSY® 21羧酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;QSY® 7羧酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;羅丹明紅TM-X丁二醯亞胺酯;6-(四甲基羅丹明-5-(及6)-羧醯胺基)己酸;丁二醯亞胺酯;四甲基羅丹明-5-異硫氰酸酯;四甲基羅丹明-6-異硫氰酸酯;四甲基羅丹明-5-(及6)-異硫氰酸酯;Texas Red®磺醯基;Texas Red®磺醯氯;Texas Red®-X STP酯或鈉鹽;Texas Red®-X丁二醯亞胺酯;Texas Red®-X丁二醯亞胺酯;及X-羅丹明-5-(及6)異硫氰酸酯,BODIPY®染料,可購自Invitrogen,包括(但不限於)BODIPY® FL;BODIPY® TMR STP酯;BODIPY® TR-X STP酯;BODIPY® 630/650-X STP酯;BODIPY® 650/665-X STP酯;6-二溴-4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3,5-二丙酸;4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-戊酸;4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-戊酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3丙酸;磺基丁二醯亞胺酯或鈉鹽;6-((4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙醯基)胺基)己酸;6-((4,4-二氟-5,7二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙醯基)胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;N-(4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙醯基)半胱胺酸、丁二醯亞胺酯或三乙銨鹽;6-4,4-二氟-1,3-二甲基-5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-硼-3a,4a4,4-二氟-5,7-二苯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;4,4-二氟-5,7-二苯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-苯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;丁二醯亞胺酯;6-((4,4-二氟-5-苯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙醯基)胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-(4-苯基-1,3-丁二烯基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-(2-吡咯基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;6-(((4,4-二氟-5-(2-吡咯基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-基)苯乙烯基氧基)乙醯基)胺基己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-苯乙烯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;4,4-二氟-5-苯乙烯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7-四甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-8-丙酸;4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7-四甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-8-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-(2-噻吩基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;6-(((4-(4,4-二氟-5-(2-噻吩基)-4-硼-3a,4a二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-基)苯氧基)乙醯基)胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;及6-(((4,4-二氟-5-(2-噻吩基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-基)苯乙烯基氧基)乙醯基)胺基己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯,Alexa fluor染料,可購自Invitrogen,包括(但不限於)Alexa Fluor® 350羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 430羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 488羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 532羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 546羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 555羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 568羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 594羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 633羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 647羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 660羧酸;及Alexa Fluor® 680羧酸,花青染料,可購自Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech,包括(但不限於)Cy3 NHS酯;Cy 5 NHS酯;Cy5.5 NHS酯;及Cy7 NHS酯。
可用於本發明之其他螢光團提供於下表2中。
表 2. | ||||||
ID | 名稱 | 替代名稱 | 激發 | 發射 | 供應商 / 來源 | ACS CAS# |
ISAC148 | 6-羧基螢光素 | 492 | 518 | PubChem | 3301-79-9 | |
ISAC1 | 6-JOE | 520 | 550 | LifeTechnologies | 82855-40-1 | |
ISAC2 | 7-AAD | 545 | 647 | LifeTechnologies | 7240-37-1 | |
ISAC3 | 吖啶橙 | 503 | 525 | LifeTechnologies | 65-61-2 | |
ISAC4 | Alexa Fluor 350 | AF350;2H-1-苯并哌喃-6-磺酸,7-胺基-3-[2-[(2,5-二側氧基-1-吡咯啶基)氧基]-2-側氧基乙基]-4-甲基-2-側氧基-;200554-19-4 | 343 | 442 | LifeTechnologies | 244636-14-4 |
ISAC6 | Alexa Fluor 405 | AF405;C46H69N5O15S3 | 401 | 425 | LifeTechnologies | 791637-08-6 |
ISAC7 | Alexa Fluor 430 | AF430;C32H42F3N3O9S | 433 | 541 | LifeTechnologies | 467233-94-9 |
ISAC8 | Alexa Fluor 488 | AF488;C25H15Li2N3O13S2 | 496 | 519 | LifeTechnologies | 247144-99-6 |
ISAC9 | Alexa Fluor500 | AF500;CAS#798557-08-1 | 503 | 525 | LifeTechnologies | 798557-08-1 |
ISAC10 | Alexa Fluor 514 | AF514;C31H27N3O13S2 | 517 | 542 | LifeTechnologies | 798557-07-0 |
ISAC11 | Alexa Fluor 532 | AF532;1H-哌喃并[3,2-f:5,6-f']二吲哚-10,12-二磺酸,5-[4-[[(2,5-二側氧基-1-吡咯啶基)氧基]羰基]苯基]-2,3,7,8-四氫-2,3,3,7,7,8-六甲基-;271795-14-3 | 532 | 553 | LifeTechnologies | 222159-92-4 |
ISAC13 | Alexa Fluor 546 | AF546;C50H62Cl3N5O14S3 | 556 | 573 | LifeTechnologies | 247145-23-9 |
ISAC14 | Alexa Fluor 555 | AF555 | 555 | 565 | LifeTechnologies | 644990-77-2 |
ISAC15 | Alexa Fluor 568 | AF568 | 578 | 603 | LifeTechnologies | 247145-38-6 |
ISAC16 | Alexa Fluor 594 | AF594 | 590 | 617 | LifeTechnologies | 247145-86-4 |
ISAC17 | Alexa Fluor 610 | AF610;C58H77Cl3N6O14S3 | 612 | 628 | LifeTechnologies | 900528-62-3 |
ISAC18 | Alexa Fluor 633 | AF633 | 632 | 647 | LifeTechnologies | 477780-06-6 |
ISAC19 | Alexa Fluor 635 | AF635 | 633 | 647 | LifeTechnologies | 945850-82-8 |
ISAC20 | Alexa Fluor 647 | AF647 | 650 | 665 | LifeTechnologies | 400051-23-2 |
ISAC21 | Alexa Fluor 660 | AF660 | 663 | 690 | LifeTechnologies | 422309-89-5 |
ISAC22 | Alexa Fluor 680 | AF680 | 679 | 702 | LifeTechnologies | 422309-67-9 |
ISAC23 | Alexa Fluor 700 | AF700 | 702 | 723 | LifeTechnologies | 697795-05-4 |
ISAC24 | Alexa Fluor 750 | AF750 | 749 | 775 | LifeTechnologies | 697795-06-5 |
ISAC25 | Alexa Fluor 790 | AF790 | 784 | 814 | LifeTechnologies | 950891-33-5 |
ISAC26 | AMCA | 346 | 448 | SantaCruzBiotech | 106562-32-7 | |
ISAC27 | AmCyan | 457 | 489 | BDBioscences | 1216872-44-4 | |
ISAC28 | APC | 別藻藍蛋白 | 650 | 660 | SigmaAldrich | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC29 | APC-Alexa Fluor 680 | APC-AF680 | 655 | 704 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC30 | APC-Alexa Fluor 700 | APC-AF700 | 655 | 718 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC31 | APC-Alexa Fluor 750 | APC-AF750 | 650 | 775 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC32 | APC-Cy5.5 | 別藻藍蛋白-Cy5.5 | 650 | 695 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC33 | APC-Cy7 | 別藻藍蛋白-Cy7 | 650 | 767 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC34 | APC-eFluor 750 | eFluor750APC | 650 | 750 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC35 | APC-eFluor 780 | eFluor780APC | 650 | 780 | eBioscience | 1472056-77-1 |
ISAC36 | APC-H7 | H7APC | 650 | 765 | BDBioscences | 1366000-62-5 |
ISAC37 | APC-Vio770 | Vio770APC | 652 | 775 | Miltenyl Biotech | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC38 | Atto488 | 501 | 523 | ATTO-TEC | 923585-42-6 | |
ISAC39 | BIOTIN | 0 | 0 | PubChem | 58-85-5 | |
ISAC40 | BODIPY FL | 502 | 511 | SantaCruzBiotech | 165599-63-3 | |
ISAC41 | BODIPY R6G | 4,4-二氟-5-苯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;C22H18BF2N3O4 | 527 | 547 | LifeTechnologies | 335193-70-9 |
ISAC43 | 亮紫421 | BV421 | 406 | 423 | Biolegend | 1428441-68-2 |
ISAC44 | 亮紫510 | BV510 | 405 | 510 | Biolegend | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC45 | 亮紫570 | BV570 | 407 | 571 | Biolegend | 1428441-76-2 |
ISAC46 | 亮紫605 | BV605 | 407 | 603 | Biolegend | 1632128-60-9 |
ISAC47 | 亮紫612 | BV612 | 0 | 0 | Biolegend | 1428441-91-1 |
ISAC48 | 亮紫650 | BV650 | 407 | 647 | Biolegend | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC49 | 亮紫711 | BV711 | 405 | 711 | Biolegend | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC50 | 亮紫785 | BV785 | 405 | 786 | Biolegend | 1613592-44-1 |
ISAC53 | 鈣黃綠素 | CAS#:1461-15-0 | 493 | 514 | LifeTechnologies | 1461-15-0 |
ISAC51 | 鈣黃綠素AM | 496 | 517 | PubChem | 148504-34-1 | |
ISAC52 | 鈣黃綠素藍AM | 360 | 445 | PubChem | 168482-84-6 | |
ISAC54 | 鈣黃綠素紫AM | 400 | 452 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC55 | 鈣感測器染料eFluor 514 | 490 | 514 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC56 | 瀑布藍 | 401 | 420 | PubChem | 1325-87-7 | |
ISAC57 | 瀑布黃 | 400 | 550 | Synchem UG & Co. KG | 220930-95-0 | |
ISAC58 | 細胞增殖染料eFluor 450 | 405 | 445 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC59 | 細胞增殖染料eFluor 670 | 652 | 672 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC60 | CellTrace紫細胞增殖 | 392 | 455 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC61 | CellVue酒紅 | 655 | 657 | SigmaAldrich | 1042142-46-0 | |
ISAC62 | CFSE | 492 | 525 | SantaCruzBiotech | 150347-59-4 | |
ISAC63 | CPC | 鄰甲酚酞絡合劑 | 488 | 660 | Chemical Book | 2411-89-4 |
ISAC65 | Cy2 | 492 | 507 | GElifesciences | 102185-03-5 | |
ISAC66 | Cy3 | 552 | 566 | GElifesciences | 146368-16-3 | |
ISAC67 | Cy3.5 | 581 | 598 | GElifesciences | 189767-45-1 | |
ISAC68 | Cy5 | 633 | 670 | GElifesciences | 144377-05-9 | |
ISAC69 | Cy5.5 | 677 | 695 | GElifesciences | 210892-23-2 | |
ISAC70 | Cy7 | 743 | 767 | GElifesciences | 169799-14-8 | |
ISAC71 | Cychrome | 565 | 667 | BDBioscences | 245670-67-1 | |
ISAC73 | CyQUANT DNA | 502 | 522 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC74 | CyTRAK橙 | 1,5-雙{[2-(二-甲基胺基)乙基]胺基}-4,8-二羥基蒽-9,10-二酮 | 514 | 609 | Abcam (eBioscience) | 1195771-25-5 |
ISAC76 | DAPI | 358 | 462 | PubChem | 47165-04-8 | |
ISAC77 | DCFH | 505 | 525 | SigmaAldrich | 106070-31-9 | |
ISAC79 | DiA | DiA;4-二-16-ASP(4-(4-(雙十六烷基胺基)苯乙烯基)-N-甲基吡錠碘化物);C46H79IN2 | 455 | 586 | LifeTechnologies | 371114-38-4 |
ISAC81 | DiD | DiD'固體;DiIC18(5)固體(1,1'-雙十八烷基-3,3,3',3'-四甲基吲哚羰花青,4-氯苯磺酸鹽);C67H103ClN2O3S | 647 | 669 | LifeTechnologies | 127274-91-3 |
ISAC84 | Dil | Dil染劑(1,1'-雙十八烷基-3,3,3',3'-四甲基吲哚羰花青高氯酸鹽('DiI';DiIC18(3)));C59H97ClN2O4;3H-吲哚鎓,2-(3-(1,3-二氫-3,3-二甲基-1-十八烷基-2H-吲哚-2-亞基)-1-丙烯基)-3,3-二甲基-1-十八烷基-,高氯酸鹽/ | 550 | 568 | LifeTechnologies | 41085-99-8 |
ISAC88 | DiO | DiO';DiOC18(3)(3,3'-雙十八烷基氧雜羰花青高氯酸鹽);C53H85ClN2O6;苯并噁唑鎓,3-十八烷基-2-[3-(3-十八烷基-2(3H)-亞苯并噁唑基)-1-丙烯基]-,高氯酸鹽/ | 489 | 506 | LifeTechnologies | 34215-57-1 |
ISAC92 | DiR | DiR';DiIC18(7)(1,1'-雙十八烷基-3,3,3',3'-四甲基吲哚三羰花青碘化物);C63H101IN2 | 750 | 781 | LifeTechnologies | 100068-60-8 |
ISAC95 | DRAQ5 | 645 | 683 | CellSignallingTech | 254098-36-7 | |
ISAC96 | DRAQ7 | 599 | 694 | CellSignallingTech | 1533453-55-2 | |
ISAC97 | DsRED | 532 | 595 | Clontech | 469863-23-8 | |
ISAC98 | dsRed2-RFP | 555 | 582 | Clontech | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC99 | DY547 | 547 Dyomics | 557 | 574 | Dynomics | 947138-67-2 |
ISAC100 | DY634 | 634 Dyomics | 635 | 658 | Dynomics | 1189010-49-8 |
ISAC101 | DY647 | 647 Dyomics | 650 | 665 | Dynomics | 890317-39-2 |
ISAC102 | DyLight 350 | DL350 | 353 | 432 | PierceNet | 1436849-83-0 |
ISAC103 | DyLight 405 | DL405 | 400 | 420 | PierceNet | 1051927-09-3 |
ISAC104 | DyLight 488 | DL488 | 493 | 518 | PierceNet | 1051927-12-8 |
ISAC105 | DyLight 549 | DL549 | 562 | 576 | JacksonImmunoRes | 1051927-13-9 |
ISAC106 | DyLight 550 | DL550 | 562 | 576 | PierceNet | 1340586-78-8 |
ISAC107 | DyLight 594 | DL594 | 593 | 618 | PierceNet | 1268612-00-5 |
ISAC108 | DyLight 633 | DL633 | 638 | 658 | PierceNet | 1051927-14-0 |
ISAC109 | DyLight 649 | DL649 | 654 | 670 | JacksonImmunoRes | 1051927-15-1 |
ISAC110 | DyLight 650 | DL650 | 652 | 672 | PierceNet | 1364214-13-0 |
ISAC111 | DyLight 680 | DL680 | 682 | 712 | PierceNet | 1051927-24-2 |
ISAC112 | DyLight 800 | DL800 | 777 | 794 | PierceNet | 1051927-23-1 |
ISAC113 | EB | 溴化乙錠 | 523 | 604 | SigmaAldrich | 1239-45-8 |
ISAC114 | ECD | 563 | 613 | LifeTechnologies | 88475-75-6 | |
ISAC116 | ECFP | 增強型青色螢光蛋白 | 435 | 477 | MyBiosource | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC118 | EdU | EdU(5-乙炔基-2\u2032-去氧基尿苷);C11H12N2O5 | 0 | 0 | LifeTechnologies | 61135-33-9 |
ISAC120 | EdU Alexa Fluor 488 | 496 | 516 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC121 | EdU Alexa Fluor 647 | 650 | 665 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC122 | EdU太平洋藍 | 405 | 455 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC123 | eFluor 450 | 400 | 450 | eBioscience | 1592653-87-6 | |
ISAC124 | eFluor 450可固定細胞活力染料 | 400 | 450 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC125 | eFluor 490 | 350 | 490 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC126 | eFluor 506可固定細胞活力染料 | 420 | 506 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC127 | eFluor 525 | 350 | 525 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC128 | eFluor 565 | 350 | 565 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC129 | eFluor 585 | 350 | 604 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC130 | eFluor 605 | 350 | 605 | eBioscience | 1248429-27-7 | |
ISAC131 | eFluor 615 | 590 | 622 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC132 | eFluor 625 | 350 | 625 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC133 | eFluor 650 | 350 | 650 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC134 | eFluor 660 | 633 | 658 | eBioscience | 1634649-16-3 | |
ISAC135 | eFluor 670 | 0 | 0 | eBioscience | 1437243-07-6 | |
ISAC136 | eFluor 700 | 350 | 700 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC137 | eFluor 710 | 350 | 710 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC138 | eFluor 780可固定細胞活力染料 | 755 | 780 | eBioscience | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC139 | EGFP | 增強型綠色螢光蛋白 | 480 | 510 | MyBiosource | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC141 | Emerald 300 | 289 | 530 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC142 | 伊紅 | 525 | 546 | SigmaAldrich | 17372-87-1 | |
ISAC143 | 乙錠同型二聚體-1 | 528 | 617 | SigmaAldrich | 61926-22-5 | |
ISAC144 | 乙錠單疊氮化物EMA | 510 | 590 | SigmaAldrich | 58880-05-0 | |
ISAC145 | EYFP | 增強型黃色螢光蛋白 | 515 | 528 | MyBiosource | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC147 | FAM | 492 | 518 | PubChem | 76823-03-5 | |
ISAC149 | FITC | 螢光素 | 500 | 520 | PubChem | 27072-45-3 |
ISAC153 | Fluo-3 | C51H50Cl2N2O23;甘胺酸,N-[4-[6-[(乙醯基氧基)甲氧基]-2,7-二氯-3-側氧基-3H-呫噸-9-基]-2-[2-[2-[雙[2-[(乙醯基氧基)甲氧基]-2-氧基乙基]胺基]-5-甲基苯氧基]乙氧基]苯基]-N-[2-[(乙醯基氧基)甲氧基]-2-氧基乙基]-,(乙醯基氧基)甲酯/ | 506 | 526 | LifeTechnologies | 123632-39-3 |
ISAC155 | Fluo-4 | C51H50F2N2O23;甘胺酸,N-[4-[6-[(乙醯基氧基)甲氧基]-2,7-二氟-3-側氧基-3H-呫噸-9-基]-2-[2-[2-[雙[2-[(乙醯基氧基)甲氧基]-2-側氧基乙基]胺基]-5-甲基苯氧基]乙氧基]苯基]-N-[2-[(乙醯基氧基)甲氧基]-2-側氧基乙基]-,(乙醯基氧基)甲酯/ | 494 | 516 | LifeTechnologies | 273221-59-3 |
ISAC152 | FLMA | 螢光素-5-順丁烯二醯亞胺 | 495 | 520 | PierceNet | 75350-46-8 |
ISAC157 | Fluoro-Emerald | 葡聚糖,螢光素,10,000 MW,陰離子型,離胺酸可固定 | 495 | 523 | LifeTechnologies | 194369-11-4 |
ISAC159 | Fura紅 | LifeTechnologies | 149732-62-7 | |||
ISAC162 | Fura3 | Fura-2 LeakRes (AM) | 325 | 510 | SigmaAldrich | 172890-84-5 |
ISAC164 | FxCycle遠紅 | 640 | 658 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC165 | FxCycle紫 | C16H17Cl2N5;1H-吲哚-6-甲脒,2-[4-(胺基亞铵基甲基)苯基]-,二鹽酸鹽/ | 358 | 462 | LifeTechnologies | 28718-90-3 |
ISAC167 | GFP | 綠色螢光蛋白 | 488 | 515 | MyBiosource | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC169 | GFP激發紫 | 398 | 515 | MyBiosource | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC170 | GFP-Vex1 | 398 | 515 | MyBiosource | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC171 | HiLyte Fluor 488 | 501 | 527 | Anaspec | 1051927-29-7 | |
ISAC172 | HiLyte Fluor 555 | 550 | 566 | Anaspec | 1051927-30-0 | |
ISAC173 | HiLyte Fluor 647 | 649 | 674 | Anaspec | 925693-87-4 | |
ISAC174 | HiLyte Fluor 680 | 0 | 0 | Anaspec | 1051927-34-4 | |
ISAC175 | HiLyte Fluor 750 | 754 | 778 | Anaspec | 1051927-32-2 | |
ISAC176 | Hoechst 33258 | 345 | 455 | SigmaAldrich | 23491-45-4 | |
ISAC177 | Hoechst 33342 | 雙苯醯亞胺H 33342三鹽酸鹽 | 343 | 455 | SigmaAldrich | 23491-52-3 |
ISAC179 | 羥基香豆素 | C10H6O5;7-羥基香豆素-3-羧酸;2H-1-苯并哌喃-3-羧酸,7-羥基-2-側氧基-/;4-氯甲基-7-羥基香豆素 | 360 | 450 | LifeTechnologies | 43070-85-5 |
ISAC18 | Indo-1 | Indo-1 AM鈣感測器染料;C47H51N3O22;1H-吲哚-6-羧酸,2-[4-[雙[2-[(乙醯基氧基)甲氧基]-2-側氧基乙基]胺基]-3-[2-[2-[雙[2-[(乙醯基氧基)甲氧基]-2-側氧基乙基]胺基]-5-甲基苯氧基]乙氧基]苯基]-,(乙醯基氧基)甲酯/ | 347 | 480 | LifeTechnologies | 96314-96-4 |
ISAC187 | JC-1 | 5,5',6,6'-四氯-1,1',3,3'-四乙基苯并咪唑基羰花青碘化物;C25H27Cl4IN4 | 593 | 595 | LifeTechnologies | 3520-43-2 |
ISAC189 | Krome橙 | 398 | 530 | Beckman Coulter | 1558035-65-6 | |
ISAC190 | Leadmium | 490 | 520 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC191 | LIVE/DEAD可固定淺綠色死細胞染劑 | 淺綠LIVE/DEAD | 367 | 526 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC193 | LIVE/DEAD可固定藍色死細胞染劑 | 藍LIVE/DEAD | 343 | 442 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC195 | LIVE/DEAD可固定遠紅死細胞染劑 | 650 | 670 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC196 | LIVE/DEAD可固定綠色死細胞染劑 | 綠LIVE/DEAD | 498 | 525 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC198 | LIVE/DEAD可固定近IR死細胞染劑 | 752 | 776 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC199 | LIVE/DEAD可固定紅色死細胞染劑 | 594 | 612 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC200 | LIVE/DEAD可固定紫色死細胞染劑 | 紫LIVE/DEAD | 403 | 455 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC202 | LIVE/DEAD可固定黃色死細胞染劑 | 黃LIVE/DEAD | 401 | 551 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC204 | Lucifer黃 | C13H9Li2N5O9S2;1H-苯并[de]異喹啉-5,8-二磺酸,6-胺基-2-[(肼基羰基)胺基]-2,3-二氫-1,3-二側氧基-,二鋰鹽/ | 428 | 544 | LifeTechnologies | 82446-52-4 |
ISAC206 | 鎂綠 | C33H17Cl2K5N2O13;甘胺酸,N-[2-(羧基甲氧基)-4-[[(2',7'-二氯-3',6'-二羥基-3-側氧基螺[異苯并呋喃-1(3H),9'-[9H]呫噸]-5-基)羰基]胺基]苯基]-N-(羧基甲基)-,五鉀鹽/ | 507 | 531 | LifeTechnologies | 170516-41- |
ISAC208 | Marina藍 | C16H11F2NO7;2,5-吡咯啶二酮,1-[[(6,8-二氟-7-羥基-4-甲基-2-側氧基-2H-1-苯并哌喃-3-基)乙醯基]氧基]-/; | 364 | 461 | LifeTechnologies | 215868-23-8 |
ISAC210 | mBanana | 540 | 553 | Clontech | 1114839-40-5 | |
ISAC211 | mCherry | 587 | 610 | Clontech | 1628764-31-7 | |
ISAC212 | mCitrine | 516 | 529 | 未商品化 | 1357606-54-2 | |
ISAC213 | 甲基香豆素 | AMCA-X,SE (6-((7-胺基-4-甲基香豆素-3-乙醯基)胺基)己酸,丁二醯亞胺酯);C22H25N3O7 | 360 | 448 | LifeTechnologies | 1333-47-7 |
ISAC216 | MitoTracker綠 | C34H28Cl5N3O;苯并噁唑鎓,2-[3-[5,6-二氯-1,3-雙[[4-(氯甲基)苯基]甲基]-1,3-二氫-2H-苯并咪唑-2-亞基]-1-丙烯基]-3-甲基-,氯化物/ | 490 | 512 | LifeTechnologies | 1304563-13-0 |
ISAC218 | MitoTracker橙 | C24H24Cl2N2O | 550 | 575 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC219 | MitoTracker紅 | C39H36Cl5N3 | 578 | 598 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC220 | mOrange | 548 | 562 | Clontech | 1114839-60-9 | |
ISAC221 | mPlum | 590 | 649 | Clontech | 1399820-93-9 | |
ISAC222 | mRaspberry | 597 | 624 | Clontech | 1452799-41-5 | |
ISAC223 | mRFP1 | 584 | 607 | 未商品化 | 1452799-30-2 | |
ISAC224 | mStrawberry | 574 | 596 | Clontech | 1114834-99-9 | |
ISAC225 | Na-Green | Sodium Green™,四(四甲基銨)鹽;C84H100Cl4N8O19 | 506 | 532 | LifeTechnologies | 195244-55-4 |
ISAC228 | 尼祿紅 | C20H18N2O2;5H-苯并[\u03B1]啡噁嗪-5-酮,9-(二乙基胺基)-/ | 559 | 637 | LifeTechnologies | 7385-67-3 |
ISAC230 | 俄勒岡綠 | 491 | 519 | LifeTechnologies | 195136-58-4 | |
ISAC232 | 俄勒岡綠488-X,丁二醯亞胺酯 | 500 | 525 | LifeTechnologies | 890416-18-9 | |
ISAC233 | 俄勒岡綠514 | Oregon Green® 514羧酸,丁二醯亞胺酯;C26H12F5NO9S | 510 | 532 | LifeTechnologies | 198139-53-6 |
ISAC235 | 太平洋藍 | PacBlue;Pacific Blue™丁二醯亞胺酯;C14H7F2NO7 | 405 | 455 | LifeTechnologies | 215868-31-8 |
ISAC236 | 太平洋藍丁二醯亞胺酯 | 405 | 455 | LifeTechnologies | 215868-33-0 | |
ISAC237 | 太平洋橙 | PacOrange | 403 | 551 | LifeTechnologies | 1122414-42-9 |
ISAC240 | PE-Alexa Fluor 610 | RPE-AF610 | 563 | 628 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC241 | PE-Alexa Fluor 647 | RPE-AF647 | 567 | 669 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC242 | PE-Alexa Fluor 680 | RPE-AF680 | 570 | 702 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC243 | PE-Alexa Fluor 700 | RPE-AF700 | 563 | 720 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC244 | PE-Alexa Fluor 750 | RPE-AF750 | 570 | 776 | AbD Serotec | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC245 | PE-CF594 | PE-Dazzle 594 | 564 | 612 | BDBioscences | 1613592-67-8 |
ISAC72 | PE-Cy5 | 565 | 667 | BDBioscences | 1448849-77-1 | |
ISAC248 | PE-Cy5.5 | 563 | 695 | AbD Serotec | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC249 | PE-Cy7 | 563 | 760 | AbD Serotec | 1429496-42-3 | |
ISAC250 | PE-DY590 | 563 | 599 | LSBio | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC251 | PE-DY647 | 563 | 672 | LSBio | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC252 | PerCP | 490 | 675 | AbD Serotec | 422551-33-5 | |
ISAC253 | PerCP-Cy5.5 | 488 | 695 | AbD Serotec | 1474026-81-7 | |
ISAC254 | PerCP-eFluor 710 | 488 | 710 | eBioscience | 1353683-31-4 | |
ISAC115 | PE-德克薩斯紅 | 563 | 613 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC256 | PE-Vio770 | 565 | 775 | Miltenyl Biotech | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC257 | pHrodo | pHrodo™紅,丁二醯亞胺酯(pHrodo™紅,SE);pHrodo™綠STP酯 | 560 | 586 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC260 | pHrodo綠STP酯 | 560 | 586 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC258 | pHrodo紅,丁二醯亞胺酯 | 560 | 586 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC261 | 藻藍蛋白 | 617 | 646 | SigmaAldrich | 11016-15-2 | |
ISAC262 | PicoGreen | Quant-iT™ PicoGreen® dsDNA試劑 | 502 | 522 | LifeTechnologies | 177571-06-1 |
ISAC264 | PKH2 | PKH2綠色螢光細胞連接蛋白 | 490 | 504 | SigmaAldrich | 145687-07-6 |
ISAC266 | PKH26 | PKH26紅色螢光細胞連接蛋白 | 551 | 567 | SigmaAldrich | 154214-55-8 |
ISAC268 | PKH67 | PKH67綠色螢光細胞連接蛋白 | 490 | 504 | SigmaAldrich | 257277-27-3 |
ISAC270 | POPO-1 | C41H54I4N6O2;苯并噁唑鎓,2,2'-[1,3-丙二基雙[(二甲基亞铵基)-3,1-丙二基-1(4H)-吡啶基-4-亞基次甲基]]雙[3-甲基]-,四碘化物/ | 433 | 457 | LifeTechnologies | 169454-15-3 |
ISAC272 | PO-PRO-1 | C20H27I2N3O;苯并噁唑鎓,3-甲基-2-[[1-[3-(三甲基銨基)丙基]-4(1H)-亞吡啶基]甲基]-,二碘化物/; | 435 | 457 | LifeTechnologies | 157199-56-9 |
ISAC274 | 碘化丙啶 | C27H34I2N4;菲錠,3,8-二胺基-5-[3-(二乙基甲基銨基)丙基]-6-苯基-,二碘化物 | 350 | 617 | LifeTechnologies | 25535-16-4 |
ISAC276 | PURE | 0 | 0 | 未商品化 | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC277 | Pyronin Y | 547 | 560 | SigmaAldrich | 92-32-0 | |
ISAC278 | Qdot 525 | 350 | 525 | LifeTechnologies | 885332-45-6 | |
ISAC279 | Qdot 545 | 350 | 545 | LifeTechnologies | 948906-89-6 | |
ISAC280 | Qdot 565 | 350 | 565 | LifeTechnologies | 859509-02-7 | |
ISAC281 | Qdot 585 | 350 | 585 | LifeTechnologies | 885332-46-7 | |
ISAC282 | Qdot 605 | 350 | 605 | LifeTechnologies | 849813-89-4 | |
ISAC283 | Qdot 625 | 350 | 625 | LifeTechnologies | 1144512-19-5 | |
ISAC284 | Qdot 655 | 350 | 655 | LifeTechnologies | 674287-64-0 | |
ISAC285 | Qdot 705 | 350 | 705 | LifeTechnologies | 885332-47-8 | |
ISAC286 | Qdot 800 | 350 | 800 | LifeTechnologies | 885332-50-3 | |
ISAC287 | RD1 | R-藻紅蛋白 | 563 | 578 | LifeTechnologies | 1376573-14-6 |
ISAC295 | 羅丹明 | 550 | 570 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC290 | Rho 110 | 羅丹明110 | 497 | 520 | LifeTechnologies | 13558-31-1 |
ISAC293 | Rho 123 | 羅丹明123 | 507 | 529 | LifeTechnologies | 62669-70-9 |
ISAC296 | 羅丹明綠 | 羅丹明绿™羧酸,丁二醯亞胺酯,鹽酸鹽;C25H18ClN3O7 | 505 | 527 | LifeTechnologies | 189200-71-3 |
ISAC297 | 羅丹明綠羧酸,丁二醯亞胺酯,鹽酸鹽 | 505 | 527 | LifeTechnologies | 254732-34-8 | |
ISAC298 | 羅丹明紅 | 573 | 591 | LifeTechnologies | 99752-92-8 | |
ISAC299 | 羅丹明紅-X | 羅丹明红™-X,丁二醯亞胺酯;C37H44N4O10S2 | 570 | 576 | LifeTechnologies | 178623-12-6 |
ISAC300 | 羅丹明紅-X,丁二醯亞胺酯 | 570 | 576 | LifeTechnologies | 178623-13-7 | |
ISAC301 | 核黃素 | 266 | 531 | SigmaAldrich | 83-88-5 | |
ISAC239 | R-藻紅蛋白 | PE | 563 | 578 | LifeTechnologies | 11016-17-4 |
ISAC30 | SNARF-1羧酸,乙酸鹽,丁二醯亞胺酯 | 549 | 586 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC302 | SNARF-1 pH 6 | SNARF®-1羧酸,乙酸鹽,丁二醯亞胺酯;C33H24N2O9 | 549 | 586 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC304 | SNARF-1 pH 9 | 576 | 640 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC305 | Spectral Red | 506 | 665 | MyBiosource | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC306 | SureLight P1 | 545 | 667 | Abcam (Columbia Biosciences) | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC307 | SureLight P3 | 614 | 662 | Abcam | 1365659-06-8 | |
ISAC308 | SureLight PBXL-3 | 614 | 662 | Abcam | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC309 | SYBR綠 | 498 | 522 | SigmaAldrich | 217087-73-5 | |
ISAC310 | SYTO 11 | 506 | 526 | LifeTechnologies | 173080-67-6 | |
ISAC311 | SYTO 13 | 488 | 506 | LifeTechnologies | 173080-69-8 | |
ISAC312 | SYTO 16 | 488 | 520 | LifeTechnologies | 173080-72-3 | |
ISAC313 | SYTO 17 | 618 | 637 | LifeTechnologies | 189233-66-7 | |
ISAC314 | SYTO 45 | 450 | 486 | LifeTechnologies | 335078-86-9 | |
ISAC315 | SYTO 59 | 622 | 643 | LifeTechnologies | 235422-34-1 | |
ISAC316 | SYTO 60 | 650 | 681 | LifeTechnologies | 335079-14-6 | |
ISAC317 | SYTO 61 | 618 | 651 | LifeTechnologies | 335079-15-7 | |
ISAC318 | SYTO 62 | 650 | 681 | LifeTechnologies | 286951-08-4 | |
ISAC319 | SYTO 82 | 540 | 560 | LifeTechnologies | 335079-10-2 | |
ISAC320 | SYTO 9 | 482 | 500 | LifeTechnologies | 208540-89-0 | |
ISAC321 | SYTOX AADvanced | 546 | 646 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC322 | SYTOX藍 | 431 | 480 | LifeTechnologies | 396077-00-2 | |
ISAC323 | SYTOX綠 | 504 | 523 | LifeTechnologies | 194100-76-0 | |
ISAC324 | SYTOX橙 | 547 | 570 | LifeTechnologies | 324767-53-5 | |
ISAC325 | SYTOX Red | 640 | 658 | LifeTechnologies | 915152-67-9 | |
ISAC326 | tdTomato | 554 | 581 | Clontech | 1114838-94-6 | |
ISAC334 | 四甲基羅丹明 | TMRho | 553 | 581 | LifeTechnologies | 70281-37-7 |
ISAC329 | 德克薩斯紅 | Texas Red®-X,丁二醯亞胺酯;C41H44N4O10S2 | 589 | 615 | LifeTechnologies | 82354-19-6 |
ISAC330 | 德克薩斯紅-X,丁二醯亞胺酯 | 589 | 615 | LifeTechnologies | 216972-99-5 | |
ISAC331 | 噻唑橙 | 500 | 530 | SigmaAldrich | 107091-89-4 | |
ISAC332 | ThiolTracker紫 | 406 | 526 | LifeTechnologies | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC335 | TO-PRO-1 | TO-PRO®-1碘化物(515/531);C24H29I2N3S;喹啉鎓,4-[(3-甲基-2(3H)-亞苯并噻唑基)甲基]-1-[3-(三甲基銨基)丙基]-,二碘化物/; | 509 | 533 | LifeTechnologies | 157199-59-2 |
ISAC338 | TO-PRO-3 | TO-PRO®-3碘化物(642/661);C26H31I2N3S;喹啉鎓,4-[3-(3-甲基-2(3H)-亞苯并噻唑基)-1-丙烯基]-1-[3-(三甲基銨基)丙基]- ,二碘化物/ | 642 | 661 | LifeTechnologies | 157199-63-8 |
ISAC341 | TOTO-1 | TOTO®-1碘化物(514/533);C49H58I4N6S2;喹啉鎓,1-1'-[1,3-丙二基雙[(二甲基亞銨基)-3,1-丙二基]]雙[4-[(3-甲基-2(3H)-亞苯并噻唑基)甲基]]-,四碘化物/ | 509 | 533 | LifeTechnologies | 143413-84-7 |
ISAC344 | TOTO-3 | TOTO®-3碘化物(642/660);C53H62I4N6S2 | 642 | 661 | LifeTechnologies | 166196-17-4 |
ISAC346 | TriColor | 563 | 670 | LifeTechnologies | 478184-50-8 | |
ISAC347 | TRITC | 四甲基羅丹明;四甲基羅丹明-5-(及6)-異硫氰酸酯;C25H21N3O3S;呫噸鎓,9-(2-羧基異硫氰酸根基苯基)-3,6-雙(二甲基胺基)-,內鹽/ | 547 | 572 | LifeTechnologies | 745735-42-6 |
ISAC351 | TruRed | 490 | 695 | 未商品化 | 396076-95-2 | |
ISAC352 | V19 | 397 | 572 | 未商品化 | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC353 | V450 | 405 | 448 | BDBioscences | 1257844-82-8 | |
ISAC354 | V500 | 415 | 500 | BDBioscences | 1333160-12-5 | |
ISAC355 | VioBlue | 400 | 452 | Miltenyl Biotech | 1431147-59-9 | |
ISAC356 | VioGreen | 388 | 520 | Miltenyl Biotech | 名稱未發現 | |
ISAC357 | Vybrant DyeCycle綠 | 505 | 535 | LifeTechnologies | 1431152-50-9 | |
ISAC358 | Vybrant DyeCycle橙 | 518 | 563 | LifeTechnologies | 1055990-89-0 | |
ISAC359 | Vybrant DyeCycle玉紅 | 637 | 686 | LifeTechnologies | 1345202-72-3 | |
ISAC360 | Vybrant DyeCycle紫 | 370 | 436 | LifeTechnologies | 1015439-88-9 | |
ISAC361 | YFP | 黃色螢光蛋白 | 505 | 530 | Clontech | 名稱未發現 |
ISAC363 | YO-PRO-1 | YO-PRO®-1碘化物(491/509);C24H29I2N3O | 491 | 506 | LifeTechnologies | 152068-09-2 |
ISAC365 | YO-PRO-3 | YO-PRO®-3碘化物(612/631);C26H31I2N3O;喹啉鎓,4-[3-(3-甲基-2(3H)-亞苯并噁唑基)-1-丙烯基]-1-[3-(三甲基銨基)丙基]-,二碘化物/ | 613 | 629 | LifeTechnologies | 157199-62-7 |
ISAC368 | YOYO-1 | YOYO®-1碘化物(491/509);C49H58I4N6O2; | 491 | 509 | LifeTechnologies | 143413-85-8 |
ISAC370 | YOYO-3 | YOYO®-3碘化物(612/631);C53H62I4N6O2;喹啉鎓,1,1'-[1,3-丙二基雙[(二甲基亞銨基)-3,1-丙二基]]雙[4-[3-(3-甲基-2(3H)- 亞苯并噁唑基)-1-丙烯基]]-,四碘化物/; | 613 | 629 | LifeTechnologies | 156312-20-8 |
ISAC373 | ZsGreen | 494 | 517 | Clontech | 1216871-88-3 |
市售珠粒(包括但不限於由Bangs Laboratories, Inc、Sperhotech Inc.、Thermo Scientific, Inc.及等效供應商銷售者)可與本文所述之水凝膠粒子組合使用。取決於檢定,選擇具有適當珠粒直徑、螢光發射及/或激發光譜及/或螢光強度之珠粒在此項技術中之一般技能範圍內。舉例而言,結合藍光、紅光或UV雷射使用之品質控制珠粒可包埋於本文提供之一種或多種水凝膠粒子中。舉例而言,用於藍光雷射器(目錄號A-16500 (2.5 µm)、A-16503 (6.0 µm))、紅光雷射器(目錄號A-16501 (2.5 µm)、A-16504 (6.0 µm))或UV雷射器(目錄號A-16502 (2.5 µm)、A-16505 (6.0 µm))之Alignflow™流式細胞術對準珠粒可包埋於本文提供之一種或多種水凝膠粒子中。
在一個實施方案中,將可在365 nm - 650 nm之任何波長下激發之螢光珠粒包埋於水凝膠粒子中。在一個實施方案中,該珠粒為含有螢光團混合物、例如4種螢光團、5種螢光團、6種螢光團、7種螢光團或8種螢光團之「彩虹粒子」。就此而言,使用者根據所詢問之螢光團來選擇激發粒子之波長。彩虹粒子可購得,例如,購自BD Bioscience(目錄號556298(中等範圍FL1螢光)、556286(6種顏色,3.0-3.4 µm)、556288(6種顏色,6.0-6.4 µm)、559123(8種顏色))及Spherotech(各種直徑,例如,目錄號RCP20-5(4種顏色)、RCP-30-5(6個峰)、RCP-30-5A(8個峰))。
細胞分選設置珠粒可包埋於本文提供之一種或多種水凝膠粒子中。在一個實施方案中,細胞分選設置珠粒接近生物樣品之尺寸、發射波長及強度,並且可用於校準流式細胞儀之細胞分選系統,其包括雷射源、光學器件及射流。在一個實施方案中,細胞分選設置珠粒包埋於一種或多種水凝膠粒子中並且適合用於UV、藍光、綠光/黃光或紅光雷射。在一個實施方案中,當使用綠色雷射時,包埋珠粒在570 nm下激發,在575 nm發射,但亦可在488 nm激發。市售細胞分選設置珠粒可獲自例如Life Technologies(目錄號C-16506(UV雷射)、C-16508(藍光雷射)、C-16509(綠光-黃光雷射)、C-16507(紅光雷射))。
補償控制珠粒亦可包埋於本文提供之一種或多種水凝膠粒子中。精確補償為在流式細胞術中用於有效多色分析之重要參數。然而,基於細胞之補償控制並非完全有效,因為許多抗原並非高度表達,並且弱陽性細胞可導致不準確的補償設置。
在一個實施方案中,補償控制珠粒包括螢光抗體結合物捕捉能力(正補償珠粒)或為惰性的(負補償珠粒)。該補償珠粒與螢光團結合人類、小鼠、大鼠、倉鼠或兔抗體混合;兩種組分提供具有適當陰性群體之不同的高信號陽性對照,其隨後可用於適當地設置補償,而與實際實驗中之細胞強度無關。一旦抗體與珠粒混合,即將其包埋於本文提供之一種或多種水凝膠粒子中。市售補償珠粒可獲自例如Life Technologies(目錄號A-10344、A-10389、A10497、A10513)及Spherotech(目錄號CMIg-P-08-2K、CMIg-P-30-2K、CMIg-P-50-3K、CMIg-P-70-3K)。
在一個實施方案中,具有包埋/囊封珠粒之水凝膠粒子用作細胞檢定(例如,吞噬檢定、細胞毒性檢定、活動性檢定、存活力檢定等)之參考。吞噬為細胞吞噬固體粒子以形成被稱為吞噬體之內部囊泡的過程。就此而言,在吞噬細胞吞噬粒子之前及之後,水凝膠粒子可經調節以具有與吞噬細胞實質上相似之一種或多種光學特性。因此,在一個實施方案中,本文提供之水凝膠粒子用作吞噬檢定之對照粒子。在另一個實施方案中,(i)在粒子攝取之前,水凝膠粒子之一種或多種光學特性與吞噬細胞實質上相似,及(ii)在粒子攝取之後,第二水凝膠粒子之一種或多種光學特性與吞噬細胞實質上相似。就此而言,產生用於量測吞噬細胞攝取粒子之對照。
在一個實施方案中,該吞噬細胞為專業吞噬細胞。在另一個實施方案中,該吞噬細胞為非專業吞噬細胞(即,消耗死亡細胞及外來生物體之細胞)。在另一個實施方案中,該非專業吞噬細胞為上皮細胞、內皮細胞、纖維母細胞或間質細胞。在一個實施方案中,水凝膠粒子經調節以具有與下表3中所述之專業吞噬細胞實質上相似之一種或多種光學特性(在粒子攝取之前及/或之後)。
表 3. | |
位置 | 吞噬細胞類型 |
血液 | 中性粒細胞、單核細胞 |
骨髓 | 巨噬細胞、單核細胞、竇狀細胞、襯裏細胞 |
骨組織 | 破骨細胞 |
腸道及腸派亞氏淋巴結 | 巨噬細胞 |
結締組織 | 組織細胞、巨噬細胞、單核細胞、樹突狀細胞 |
肝臟 | 庫佛氏細胞(Kupffer cell)、單核細胞 |
肺 | 自我複製巨噬細胞、單核細胞、肥大細胞、樹突狀細胞 |
淋巴組織 | 自由及固定之巨噬細胞及單核細胞、樹突狀細胞 |
神經組織 | 小膠質細胞(CD4+) |
脾臟 | 自由及固定之巨噬細胞、單核細胞、竇狀細胞 |
胸腺 | 自由及固定之巨噬細胞、單核細胞 |
皮膚 | 定居朗格漢斯細胞、樹突狀細胞、習知巨噬細胞、肥大細胞 |
在一個實施方案中,用諸如核酸或珠粒之物質包埋之複數個本發明水凝膠粒子用作基因組流式細胞術檢定之對照試劑。就此而言,可由包埋物質來模擬特定數目之特定染色體、RNA序列及/或DNA序列之複本。該水凝膠粒子隨後可用作關於遺傳信息諸如染色體複本數、RNA序列複本數及/或RNA序列複本數所探測之樣品的對照。
流式細胞術之去卷積之三種主要模式為粒子之兩種無源光學特性(前向散射,FSC,對應於折射率或RI;及側向散射,SSC)及給定細胞類型表面上存在之生物標誌物。因此,允許本揭示案之水凝膠粒子在此三種模式方面模擬特定細胞類型之組合物可用於提供流式細胞術之合成、穩固的校準劑。
在一個實施方案中,所揭示水凝膠粒子之折射率(RI)為大於約1.10、大於約1.15、大於約1.20、大於約1.25、大於約1.30、大於約1.35、大於約1.40、大於約1.45、大於約1.50、大於約1.55、大於約1.60、大於約1.65、大於約1.70、大於約1.75、大於約1.80、大於約1.85、大於約1.90、大於約1.95、大於約2.00、大於約2.10、大於約2.20、大於約2.30、大於約2.40、大於約2.50、大於約2.60、大於約2.70、大於約2.80或大於約2.90。
在另一個實施方案中,所揭示水凝膠粒子之折射率(RI)為約1.10至約3.0、或約1.15至約3.0、或約1.20至約3.0、或約1.25至約3.0、或約1.30至約3.0、或約1.35至約3.0、或約1.4至約3.0、或約1.45至約3.0、或約1.50至約3.0、或約1.6至約3.0、或約1.7至約3.0、或約1.8至約3.0、或約1.9至約3.0、或約2.0至約3.0。
在一些實施方案中,所揭示水凝膠粒子之折射率(RI)為小於約1.10、小於約1.15、小於約1.20、小於約1.25、小於約1.30、小於約1.35、小於約1.40、小於約1.45、小於約1.50、小於約1.55、小於約1.60、小於約1.65、小於約1.70、小於約1.75、小於約1.80、小於約1.85、小於約1.90、小於約1.95、小於約2.00、小於約2.10、小於約2.20、小於約2.30、小於約2.40、小於約2.50、小於約2.60、小於約2.70、小於約2.80或小於約2.90。
所揭示水凝膠粒子之SSC相比於靶細胞之SSC進行最有意義地量測。在一些實施方案中,如藉由細胞計量裝置所量測,所揭示水凝膠粒子具有在靶細胞之30%內、25%內、20%內、15%內、10%內、5%內或1%內之SSC。
在一個實施方案中,藉由在水凝膠中併入高折射率分子(或其複數)來調節水凝膠粒子之SSC。在一個實施方案中,在水凝膠粒子中提供高折射率分子,並且在另一個實施方案中,該高折射率分子為膠體二氧化矽、丙烯酸烷酯、甲基丙烯酸烷酯或其組合。因此,在一些實施方案中,本揭示案之水凝膠粒子包含丙烯酸烷酯及/或甲基丙烯酸烷酯。在一個實施方案中,調節單體之濃度以進一步調節水凝膠粒子之折射率。
丙烯酸烷酯或甲基丙烯酸烷酯可於烷基基團中含有1至18個、1至8個、或2至8個碳原子,諸如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基或第三丁基、2-乙基己基、庚基或辛基基團。該烷基基團可為支鏈或直鏈的。
高折射率分子亦可包括乙烯基芳烴諸如苯乙烯及甲基苯乙烯,其視情況在芳環上經諸如甲基、乙基或第三丁基之烷基基團或經諸如氯苯乙烯之鹵素取代。
在一些實施方案中,藉由調整組合物中存在之單體百分比,由此改變在水凝膠形成期間存在之水含量來調節FSC。在一個實施方案中,在使用單體及共聚單體時,調整單體及共聚單體之比率來改變水凝膠粒子之前向散射特性。此示於圖11及圖12中。
所揭示水凝膠粒子之FSC相比於靶細胞之FSC進行最有意義地量測。在一些實施方案中,如藉由細胞計量裝置所量測,所揭示水凝膠粒子具有在靶細胞之30%內、25%內、20%內、15%內、10%內、5%內或1%內之FSC。
FSC與粒子體積有關,並且因此如本文所述可藉由改變粒子直徑來調節。一般而言,已觀測到,大物體相比較小物體反射更多光,從而導致高前向散射信號(反之亦然)。因此,在一個實施方案中,改變粒子直徑以調節水凝膠粒子之FSC特性。舉例而言,藉由在粒子形成期間利用較大微流體通道來改變(在一個實施方案中增加)水凝膠粒子直徑。
可藉由將奈米粒子囊封於水凝膠內以模擬靶細胞中之細胞器來工程改造SSC。在一些實施方案中,本揭示案之水凝膠粒子包含一種或多種類型之奈米粒子,其選自由以下組成之群:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)奈米粒子、聚苯乙烯(PS)奈米粒子及二氧化矽奈米粒子。亦參見圖11及圖12,其示出添加各種濃度之奈米粒子允許調節粒子之側向散射。不希望受理論束縛,如本文所述,選擇性調節水凝膠之正向及側向散射之能力允許穩固平臺來模擬大量細胞類型。
儘管主要關於光學特性之修改描述了本發明,但本發明不限於此。舉例而言,可製造並調節水凝膠粒子以調節粒子之電容,例如,以校準庫爾特計數器(coulter counter)。在一個實施方案中,藉由改變組合物中之水凝膠單體量來調節水凝膠粒子之電容。舉例而言,聚苯胺、聚乙炔;聚苯乙炔;聚吡咯(X = NH)及聚噻吩(X = S)共聚單體;及聚苯胺(X = NH/N)及聚苯硫醚(X = S)共聚單體濃度皆可以調整以改變電容。在一個實施方案中,增加此等單體中之一種或多種之濃度以增加水凝膠粒子之電容。
在一些實施方案中,相比於相同直徑之聚苯乙烯珠粒,本揭示案之水凝膠粒子具有更緊密類似於靶細胞之材料模數特性(例如,彈性)。
在形成水凝膠粒子後,一個或多個粒子表面可經官能化,例如以模擬靶細胞或標記靶細胞之一種或多種光學特性。該官能化水凝膠粒子亦可包括包埋珠粒或物質,諸如如上所述之生物分子。在一個實施方案中,一個或多個水凝膠粒子經一種或多種螢光染料、一種或多種細胞表面標誌物(或其抗原決定基結合區域)或其組合官能化。在一個實施方案中,藉由使至少一種雙官能單體聚合來形成水凝膠粒子,並且在形成後,該水凝膠粒子包括一個或多個官能基,其可用於進一步連接細胞表面標誌物、細胞表面標誌物之抗原決定基結合區域、螢光染料或其組合。在一個實施方案中,游離官能基為胺基、羧基、羥基或其組合。取決於所需官能化,應理解,可使用多種雙官能單體,例如以使用不同化學及利用不同分子將粒子官能化。
水凝膠粒子可經此項技術中已知之任何螢光染料官能化,該螢光染料包括出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中之MolecularProbes®手冊-A Guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Technologies中列出之螢光染料。可藉由包含游離胺基之化合物(例如烯丙胺)來介導官能化,該化合物可併入如上文所討論之用於形成水凝膠之雙官能單體中。
可用於官能化本文所述之水凝膠粒子之表面之已知螢光染料的非限制性實例包括:6-羧基-4',5'-二氯-2',7'-二甲氧基螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基伊紅;5-羧基螢光素;6-羧基螢光素;5-(及6)-羧基螢光素;S-羧基螢光素-雙(5-羧基甲氧基-2-硝基苄基)醚、-丙胺酸-羧醯胺或丁二醯亞胺酯;5-羧基螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(4,6-二氯三嗪基)胺基螢光素;2',7'-二氟螢光素;伊紅-5-異硫氰酸酯;赤蘚紅5-異硫氰酸酯;6-(螢光素-5-羧醯胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;6-(螢光素-5-(及6)-羧醯胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;螢光素-S-EX丁二醯亞胺酯;螢光素-5-異硫氰酸酯;螢光素-6-異硫氰酸酯;OregonGreen® 488羧酸、或丁二醯亞胺酯;Oregon Green® 488 異硫氰酸酯;Oregon Green® 488-X丁二醯亞胺酯;Oregon Green® 500羧酸;Oregon Green® 500羧酸、丁二醯亞胺酯或三乙銨鹽;Oregon Green® 514羧酸;Oregon Green® 514羧酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;羅丹明Green™羧酸、丁二醯亞胺酯或鹽酸鹽;羅丹明Green™羧酸、三氟乙醯胺或丁二醯亞胺酯;羅丹明Green™-X丁二醯亞胺酯或鹽酸鹽;RhodolGreen™羧酸、N,O-雙(三氟乙醯基)或丁二醯亞胺酯;雙(4-羧基哌啶基)磺醯羅丹明或二(丁二醯亞胺酯);5-(及6)羧基萘並螢光素、5-(及6)羧基萘並螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯;5-羧基羅丹明6G鹽酸鹽;6-羧基羅丹明6G鹽酸鹽、5-羧基羅丹明6G丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基羅丹明6G丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基羅丹明6G丁二醯亞胺酯;5-羧基-2',4',5',7'-四溴碸螢光素丁二醯亞胺酯或雙(二異丙基乙基銨)鹽;5-羧基四甲基羅丹明;6-羧基四甲基羅丹明;5-(及6)-羧基四甲基羅丹明;5-羧基四甲基羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基四甲基羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基四甲基羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基-X-羅丹明;5-羧基-X-羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;6-羧基-X羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;5-(及6)-羧基-X羅丹明丁二醯亞胺酯;5-羧基-X-羅丹明三乙銨鹽;LissamineTM羅丹明B磺醯氯;孔雀石綠;異硫氰酸酯;NANOGOLD®單(磺基丁二醯亞胺酯);QSY® 21羧酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;QSY® 7羧酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;羅丹明紅TM-X丁二醯亞胺酯;6-(四甲基羅丹明-5-(及6)-羧醯胺基)己酸;丁二醯亞胺酯;四甲基羅丹明-5-異硫氰酸酯;四甲基羅丹明-6-異硫氰酸酯;四甲基羅丹明-5-(及6)-異硫氰酸酯;Texas Red®磺醯基;Texas Red®磺醯氯;Texas Red®-X STP酯或鈉鹽;Texas Red®-X丁二醯亞胺酯;Texas Red®-X丁二醯亞胺酯;及X-羅丹明-5-(及6)異硫氰酸酯。
用於本文所述之水凝膠粒子之螢光染料的其他實例包括(但不限於)可購自Invitrogen之BODIPY®染料,包括(但不限於)BODIPY® FL;BODIPY® TMR STP酯;BODIPY® TR-X STP酯;BODIPY® 630/650-X STP酯;BODIPY® 650/665-X STP酯;6-二溴-4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3,5-二丙酸;4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-戊酸;4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-戊酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;磺基丁二醯亞胺酯或鈉鹽;6-((4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙醯基)胺基)己酸;6-((4,4-二氟-5,7二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙醯基)胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;N-(4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙醯基)半胱胺酸、丁二醯亞胺酯或三乙銨鹽;6-4,4-二氟-1,3-二甲基-5-( 4-甲氧基苯基)-4-硼-3a,4a4,4-二氟-5,7-二苯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;4,4-二氟-5,7-二苯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-苯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;丁二醯亞胺酯;6-((4,4-二氟-5-苯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙醯基)胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-(4-苯基-1,3-丁二烯基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-(2-吡咯基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;6-(((4,4-二氟-5-(2-吡咯基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-基)苯乙烯基氧基)乙醯基)胺基己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-苯乙烯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;4,4-二氟-5 -苯乙烯基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸;丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7-四甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-8-丙酸;4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7-四甲基-4硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-8-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;4,4-二氟-5-(2-噻吩基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-丙酸丁二醯亞胺酯;6-(((4-(4,4-二氟-5-(2-噻吩基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-基)苯氧基)乙醯基)胺基)己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯;及6-(((4,4-二氟-5-(2-噻吩基)-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮雜-s-二環戊二烯並苯-3-基)苯乙烯基氧基)乙醯基)胺基己酸或丁二醯亞胺酯。
在一個實施方案中,用於衍生一種或多種水凝膠粒子之表面的螢光染料包括(但不限於)可購自Invitrogen之Alexa fluor染料,包括(但不限於)Alexa Fluor® 350羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 430羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 488羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 532羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 546羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 555羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 568羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 594羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 633羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 64 7羧酸;Alexa Fluor® 660羧酸;及Alexa Fluor® 680羧酸。在另一個實施方案中,用於本文所述之水凝膠粒子及方法之螢光染料包括可購自Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech之花青染料,包括(但不限於)Cy3 NHS酯;Cy 5 NHS酯;Cy5.5 NHS酯;及Cy7 NHS酯。
基於水凝膠粒子之所需光譜激發及發射特性來選擇合適的一種或多種染料在此項技術中之一般技能範圍內。
在一個實施方案中,水凝膠粒子經一種或多種細胞表面標誌物(參見例如表4及表7-8)或其片段官能化,例如,在跨膜蛋白之情況下為其細胞外部分,例如,藉由經由水凝膠粒子表面上存在之游離胺、游離羧基及/或游離羥基將一種或多種細胞表面標誌物、其細胞外布恩或配位元體結合區域連接至該粒子。亦可經由連接子,例如抗生蛋白鏈菌素/生物素結合物,用染料或細胞表面分子來官能化水凝膠粒子。
取決於靶細胞,個別水凝膠粒子可經一種或多種細胞表面標誌物或其片段(例如,在跨膜蛋白之情況下為其細胞外部分)衍生化以進一步模擬靶細胞之結構特性。下文提供之表4及表7-8闡述取決於靶細胞可用於衍生化水凝膠粒子之細胞表面標誌物的非限制性清單。儘管提供細胞表面標誌物,但應理解,細胞表面標誌物之一部分,例如,受體結合部分、配位元體結合部分或標誌物之細胞外部分可用於衍生化水凝膠粒子(在游離官能基處,如上所述)。亦參見圖11及圖12,其示出用例如細胞表面受體進行水凝膠表面改質以及FSC及/或SSC之選擇性調節允許製造具有所需特徵之水凝膠粒子。
表4. | ||
靶細胞 | 細胞表面標誌物( 人類) | 細胞表面標誌物( 小鼠) |
B細胞 | CD19、CD20 | CD19、CD22(B細胞活化標誌物)、CD45R/B220 |
T細胞 | CD3、CD4、CD8 | CD3、CD4、CD8 |
活化T細胞 | CD25、CD69 | CD25、CD69 |
樹突狀細胞 | CD1c、CD83、CD123、CD141、CD209、MHC II | CD11c、CD123、MHC II |
漿細胞樣樹突狀細胞* | CD123、CD303、CD304 | CD11cint 、CD317 |
血小板(靜息) | CD42b | CD41 |
血小板(活化) | CD62P | CD62P |
自然殺手細胞 | CD16、CD56 | CD49b(純系DX5) |
造血幹細胞 | CD34、CD90 | CD48、CD117、CD150、Sca-1 |
巨噬細胞 | CD11b、CD68、CD163 | F4/80、CD68 |
單核細胞 | CD14、CD16、CD64 | CD11b、CD115、Ly-6C |
漿細胞 | CD138 | CD138 |
紅細胞 | CD235a | TER-119 |
嗜中性粒細胞 | CD15、CD16 | CD11b、Ly-6B.2、Ly6G、Gr-1 |
嗜鹼性粒細胞 | 2D7抗原、CD123、CD203c、FcεRIα | CD200R3、FcεRIα |
嗜酸性粒細胞 | CD11b、CD193、EMR1、Siglec-8 | CD11b、CD193、F4/80、Siglec-F |
粒細胞 | CD66b | CD66b、Gr-1/Ly6G、Ly6C |
內皮細胞 | CD146 | CD146 MECA-32、CD106、CD31、CD62E(活化內皮細胞) |
上皮細胞 | CD326 | CD326 (EPCAM1) |
自然殺手(NK)細胞 | CD56 | CD335 (NKp46) |
髓源性抑制細胞(MDSC) | CD11b、CD14、CD33 (Siglec-3) | CD11b、GR1 |
細胞類型包括(但不限於)各種細胞株,諸如CHO、HEK-293、BHK-21、NS0、MDCK、VERO、MRC-S、W1-38及Sp2/0小鼠骨髓瘤(融合瘤)。表5及表6各提供用於本文所述之水凝膠粒子之其他細胞類型。
表 5. |
表皮之角化細胞 |
表皮之基底細胞 |
手指甲及腳趾甲之角化細胞 |
甲床之基底細胞 |
毛幹細胞 |
髓質毛幹細胞 |
皮質毛幹細胞 |
表皮毛幹細胞 |
毛根鞘細胞 |
表皮毛根鞘細胞 |
赫胥黎層(Huxley's layer)之毛根鞘細胞 |
亨勒層(Henle's layer)之毛根鞘細胞 |
外部毛根鞘細胞 |
毛母細胞(幹細胞) |
舌頭之複層鱗狀上皮之表面上皮細胞 |
口腔之複層鱗狀上皮之表面上皮細胞 |
食管之複層鱗狀上皮之表面上皮細胞 |
肛管之複層鱗狀上皮之表面上皮細胞 |
尿道遠端之複層鱗狀上皮之表面上皮細胞 |
陰道之複層鱗狀上皮之表面上皮細胞 |
此等上皮細胞之基底細胞 |
尿路上皮細胞 |
唾液腺細胞 |
唾液腺之黏液細胞 |
唾液腺之漿液細胞 |
舌中之馮·埃布納腺(von Ebner's gland)細胞 |
乳腺細胞 |
淚腺細胞 |
耳耵聹腺細胞 |
小汗腺細胞 |
小汗腺細胞 |
大汗腺細胞 |
眼瞼中之莫爾腺細胞 |
皮脂腺細胞 |
鼻中之鮑曼氏腺細胞 |
十二指腸中之布倫納腺細胞 |
精囊細胞 |
前列腺細胞 |
尿道球腺細胞 |
巴氏腺(Bartholin's gland)細胞 |
利特雷氏腺(gland of Littre)細胞 |
子宮內膜細胞 |
呼吸道及消化道之隔離杯狀細胞 |
胃壁黏液細胞 |
胃腺產酶細胞 |
胃腺泌酸細胞 |
胰腺腺泡細胞 |
小腸潘氏細胞(Paneth cell) |
肺II型肺細胞 |
肺克拉拉細胞 |
垂體前葉細胞 |
中間垂體細胞 |
垂體後葉細胞 |
腸道及呼吸道之細胞 |
甲狀腺細胞 |
副甲狀腺細胞 |
腎上腺細胞 |
類固醇激素 |
性腺細胞 |
腎臟之近腎絲球器細胞 |
球旁細胞 |
黃斑 |
緻密細胞 |
極周細胞 |
系膜細胞 |
小腸刷狀緣細胞 |
外分泌腺之紋狀管細胞 |
膽囊上皮細胞 |
腎臟近端小管之刷狀緣細胞 |
腎臟遠端小管細胞 |
輸精小管之無纖毛細胞 |
附睾主細胞 |
附睾基底細胞 |
肝細胞 |
白色脂肪細胞 |
棕色脂肪細胞 |
肝臟脂肪細胞 |
I型肺細胞 |
胰管細胞 |
腎絲球壁細胞 |
腎絲球足細胞 |
亨勒環細段細胞 |
集合管細胞(腎臟中) |
精囊管細胞 |
前列腺管細胞 |
血管及淋巴管之血管內皮細胞 |
有孔之血管內皮細胞 |
連續之血管內皮細胞 |
脾臟血管內皮細胞 |
滑膜細胞 |
漿膜細胞 |
耳朵之外淋巴空間襯裏鱗狀細胞 |
耳朵之內淋巴空間襯裏細胞 |
鱗狀細胞 |
內淋巴囊之柱狀細胞 |
「暗」細胞 |
前庭膜細胞 |
血管紋基底細胞 |
血管紋邊緣細胞 |
克勞迪厄斯氏細胞(cell of Claudius) |
蔔歇細胞(cell of Boettcher) |
脈絡叢細胞 |
軟蛛網膜鱗狀細胞 |
眼睫狀體上皮細胞 |
角膜「內皮」細胞 |
呼吸道纖毛細胞 |
輸卵管及子宮內膜之纖毛細胞 |
睾丸網及輸精小管之纖毛細胞 |
中樞神經細胞之纖毛細胞 |
上皮 |
成釉細胞 |
非上皮 |
軟骨細胞 |
成骨細胞/骨細胞 |
骨祖細胞 |
眼睛玻璃體之透明細胞 |
耳朵外淋巴空間之星狀細胞 |
骨骼肌細胞 |
心肌細胞 |
平滑肌細胞(各種) |
肌上皮細胞 |
紅細胞 |
巨核細胞 |
巨噬細胞及相關細胞 |
嗜中性粒細胞 |
嗜酸性粒細胞 |
嗜鹼性粒細胞 |
肥大細胞 |
T淋巴細胞 |
B淋巴細胞 |
光感受器(視桿、視錐,並且可為感藍、感綠、感紅) |
柯氏器官(organ of Corti)之內毛細胞 |
柯氏器官之外毛細胞 |
耳前庭器之I型毛細胞 |
耳前庭器之II型毛細胞 |
II型味蕾細胞 |
嗅覺神經元 |
嗅上皮之基底細胞 |
I型頸動脈體細胞 |
II型頸動脈體細胞 |
表皮梅克爾細胞(Merkel cell) |
專門針對觸覺之初級感覺神經元(各種) |
專門針對溫度-冷敏感之初級感覺神經元 |
專門針對溫度-熱敏感之初級感覺神經元 |
專門針對疼痛之初級感覺神經元(各種) |
本體感受性初級感覺神經元(各種) |
自主神經元 |
內柱細胞 |
外柱細胞 |
內指狀細胞 |
外指狀細胞 |
邊緣細胞 |
漢森細胞 |
前庭器之支援細胞 |
味蕾之支援細胞(I型味蕾細胞) |
嗅上皮之支援細胞 |
許旺氏細胞(Schwann cell) |
衛星細胞(包封周圍神經細胞體) |
腸神經膠質細胞 |
神經元 |
神經膠質細胞 |
前晶狀體上皮細胞 |
晶狀體纖維(含晶狀體蛋白之細胞) |
黑素細胞 |
視網膜色素上皮細胞 |
卵原細胞/卵母細胞 |
精母細胞 |
精原細胞(精母細胞之幹細胞) |
卵巢濾泡細胞 |
塞特利氏細胞(Sertoli cell)(睾丸中) |
胸腺上皮細胞 |
唾液腺黏液細胞 |
唾液腺1號 |
舌中之馮·埃布納腺細胞 |
乳腺細胞 |
淚腺細胞 |
耳耵聹腺細胞 |
小汗腺暗細胞 |
小汗腺透明細胞 |
大汗腺細胞 |
眼瞼莫爾腺細胞 |
皮脂腺細胞 |
鼻中之鮑曼氏腺細胞 |
十二指腸中之布倫納腺細胞 |
精囊細胞 |
前列腺細胞 |
尿道球腺細胞 |
巴氏腺細胞 |
利特雷氏腺細胞 |
子宮內膜細胞 |
呼吸道及消化道之杯狀細胞 |
胃壁黏液細胞 |
胃腺產酶細胞 |
胃腺泌酸細胞 |
胰腺腺泡細胞 |
小腸潘氏細胞 |
肺之肺細胞 |
肺克拉拉細胞 |
垂體前葉細胞 |
生長激素細胞 |
泌乳細胞 |
促甲狀腺激素細胞 |
促性腺激素細胞 |
腎上腺皮質激素細胞 |
黑素細胞刺激素 |
大細胞性神經分泌細胞: |
腸道及呼吸道分泌細胞: |
甲狀腺細胞 |
甲狀腺上皮細胞 |
濾泡旁細胞 |
副甲狀腺細胞 |
副甲狀腺主細胞 |
嗜酸細胞 |
腎上腺細胞 |
嗜鉻細胞 |
分泌類固醇激素(鹽皮質激素及糖皮質激素) |
分泌睾酮之睾丸萊氏細胞(Leydig cell) |
分泌雌激素之卵泡濾泡內鞘細胞 |
分泌孕酮之破裂卵泡黃體細胞 |
顆粒黃體細胞 |
卵泡膜黃體細胞 |
球旁細胞(腎素分泌) |
腎黃斑緻密細胞 |
腎極周細胞 |
腎系膜細胞 |
表皮角化細胞 |
表皮基底細胞 |
手指甲及腳趾甲之角化細胞 |
甲床基底細胞(幹細胞) |
髓質毛幹細胞 |
皮質毛幹細胞 |
表皮毛幹細胞 |
表皮毛根鞘細胞 |
赫胥黎層之毛根鞘細胞 |
亨勒層之毛根鞘細胞 |
外部毛根鞘細胞 |
毛母細胞(幹細胞) |
角膜複層鱗狀上皮之上皮細胞 |
舌複層鱗狀上皮之上皮細胞 |
口腔複層鱗狀上皮之上皮細胞 |
食管複層鱗狀上皮之上皮細胞 |
肛管複層鱗狀上皮之上皮細胞 |
尿道遠端複層鱗狀上皮之上皮細胞 |
引導複層鱗狀上皮之上皮細胞 |
角膜上皮之基底細胞(幹細胞) |
舌上皮之基底細胞(幹細胞) |
口腔上皮之基底細胞(幹細胞) |
食管上皮之基底細胞(幹細胞) |
肛管上皮之基底細胞(幹細胞) |
尿道遠端上皮之基底細胞(幹細胞) |
陰道上皮之基底細胞(幹細胞) |
尿路上皮細胞 |
柯氏器官之聽覺內毛細胞 |
柯氏器官之聽覺外毛細胞 |
嗅上皮基底細胞 |
冷敏感性初級感覺神經元 |
熱敏感性初級感覺神經元 |
表皮梅克爾細胞(觸覺感測器) |
嗅覺受體神經元 |
疼痛敏感性初級感覺神經元(各種類型) |
眼睛視網膜中之感光細胞: |
感光視桿細胞 |
眼睛光感受器感藍視錐細胞 |
眼睛光感受器感綠視錐細胞 |
眼睛光感受器感紅視錐細胞 |
本體感受性初級感覺神經元 |
觸覺敏感性初級感覺神經元 |
I型頸動脈體細胞 |
II型頸動脈體細胞 |
耳前庭系統之I型毛細胞 |
耳前庭系統之II型毛細胞 |
I型味蕾細胞 |
膽鹼激導性神經細胞 |
腎上腺素激導性神經細胞 |
肽激導性神經細胞 |
柯氏器官之內柱細胞 |
柯氏器官之外柱細胞 |
柯氏器官之內指狀細胞 |
柯氏器官之外指狀細胞 |
柯氏器官之邊緣細胞 |
柯氏器官之漢森細胞 |
前庭器支援細胞 |
味蕾支援細胞 |
嗅上皮支援細胞 |
許旺氏細胞 |
衛星神經膠質細胞 |
腸神經膠質細胞 |
星形膠質細胞 |
神經元細胞 |
寡突膠質細胞 |
紡錘體神經元 |
晶狀體前上皮細胞 |
含晶狀體蛋白之晶狀體纖維細胞 |
肝細胞 |
脂肪細胞(白色脂肪細胞、棕色脂肪細胞、肝臟肝細胞) |
腎壁細胞 |
腎絲球足細胞 |
腎近端小管刷狀緣細胞 |
亨勒細段細胞環 |
腎遠端小管細胞 |
腎集合管細胞 |
I型肺細胞 |
胰管細胞 |
非橫紋肌管細胞 |
主細胞 |
潤細胞 |
管細胞 |
腸刷狀緣細胞 |
外分泌腺紋狀管細胞 |
膽囊上皮細胞 |
輸精管無纖毛細胞 |
附睾主細胞 |
附睾基底細胞 |
成釉細胞上皮細胞 |
耳前庭系統之半月平面上皮細胞 |
柯氏器官齒間上皮細胞 |
疏鬆結締組織纖維母細胞 |
角膜纖維母細胞(角膜基質細胞) |
肌腱纖維母細胞 |
骨髓網狀組織纖維母細胞 |
非上皮纖維母細胞 |
周細胞 |
椎間盤之髓核細胞 |
成牙骨質細胞/牙骨質細胞 |
成牙本質細胞/牙本質細胞 |
透明軟骨軟骨細胞 |
纖維軟骨軟骨細胞 |
彈性軟骨軟骨細胞 |
成骨細胞/骨細胞 |
骨祖細胞 |
眼睛玻璃體之透明細胞 |
耳朵外淋巴空間之星狀細胞 |
肝星狀細胞(伊東細胞) |
胰腺星狀細胞 |
骨骼肌細胞 |
紅骨骼肌細胞(慢) |
白骨骼肌細胞(快) |
中間骨骼肌細胞 |
肌梭核袋細胞 |
肌梭核鏈細胞 |
衛星細胞(幹細胞) |
心肌細胞 |
普通心肌細胞 |
節點心肌細胞 |
浦肯野纖維細胞 |
平滑肌細胞 |
虹膜之肌上皮細胞 |
外分泌腺之肌上皮細胞 |
紅血球 |
巨核細胞 |
單核細胞 |
結締組織巨噬細胞 |
表皮朗格漢斯細胞 |
破骨細胞(骨骼中) |
樹突狀細胞(淋巴組織中) |
小膠質細胞(中樞神經細胞中) |
嗜中性粒細胞 |
嗜酸性粒細胞 |
嗜鹼性粒細胞 |
融合瘤細胞 |
肥大細胞 |
輔助T細胞 |
抑制T細胞 |
細胞毒性T細胞 |
自然殺手T細胞 |
B細胞 |
自然殺手細胞 |
網織紅細胞 |
血液及免疫系統之幹細胞及定向祖細胞(各種類型) |
卵原細胞/卵母細胞 |
精細胞 |
精母細胞 |
精原細胞 |
精子 |
卵泡細胞 |
塞特利氏細胞(睾丸中) |
胸腺上皮細胞 |
間質腎細胞 |
表 6. | ||||
角質化上皮細胞 | ||||
表皮角化細胞(=分化上皮細胞) | ||||
表皮基底細胞(幹細胞) | ||||
手指甲及腳趾甲之角化細胞 | ||||
甲床基底細胞(幹細胞) | ||||
毛幹細胞 | ||||
髓質 | ||||
皮質 | ||||
表皮 | ||||
毛根鞘細胞 | ||||
表皮根鞘細胞 | ||||
赫胥黎層之根鞘細胞 | ||||
亨勒層之根鞘細胞 | ||||
外根鞘細胞 | ||||
毛母細胞(幹細胞) | ||||
濕複層障壁上皮細胞 | ||||
角膜、舌、口腔、食管、肛管、尿道遠端、陰道之複層鱗狀上皮之表面上皮細胞 | ||||
此等上皮細胞之基底細胞(幹細胞) | ||||
尿路上皮細胞(膀胱及尿管襯裏) | ||||
專門針對外分泌之上皮細胞 | ||||
唾液腺細胞 | ||||
黏液細胞(富含多糖之分泌) | ||||
漿液性細胞(富含糖蛋白酶之分泌) | ||||
舌中之馮·埃布納腺細胞(分泌以沖刷味蕾) | ||||
乳腺細胞,分泌乳汁 | ||||
淚腺細胞,分泌淚液 | ||||
耳耵聹腺細胞,分泌蠟 | ||||
小汗腺細胞,分泌糖蛋白(暗細胞) | ||||
小汗腺細胞,分泌小分子(透明細胞) | ||||
大汗腺細胞(分泌有氣味,性激素敏感) | ||||
眼瞼中之莫爾腺細胞(特殊汗腺) | ||||
皮脂腺細胞,分泌富含脂質之皮脂 | ||||
鼻中之鮑曼氏腺細胞(分泌以沖刷嗅上皮) | ||||
十二指腸中之布倫納腺細胞,分泌黏液及酶之鹼性溶液 | ||||
精囊細胞,分泌精液組分,包括果糖(作為遊動精子之燃料) | ||||
前列腺細胞,分泌其他精液組分 | ||||
尿道球腺細胞,分泌黏液 | ||||
巴氏腺細胞,分泌引道潤滑劑 | ||||
利特雷氏腺細胞,分泌黏液 | ||||
子宮內膜細胞,主要分泌碳水化合物 | ||||
呼吸道及消化道之隔離杯狀細胞,分泌黏液 | ||||
胃內層黏膜細胞 | ||||
胃腺產酶細胞,分泌胃蛋白酶原 | ||||
胃腺泌酸細胞,分泌HCl | ||||
胰腺腺泡細胞,分泌消化酶及碳酸氫鹽 | ||||
小腸潘氏細胞,分泌溶菌酶 | ||||
肺II型肺細胞,分泌界面活性劑 | ||||
肺克拉拉細胞(功能未知) | ||||
專門用於分泌激素之細胞 | ||||
垂體前葉細胞,分泌生長激素、促卵泡激素、黃體激素、催乳激素、促腎上腺皮質激素及/或促甲狀腺激素 | ||||
中間垂體細胞,分泌促黑素細胞激素 | ||||
垂體後葉細胞,分泌催產素及/或加壓素 | ||||
腸道及呼吸道之細胞,分泌血清素、內啡肽、生長抑素、胃泌素、胰泌素、膽囊收縮素、胰島素、胰高血糖素及/或蛻皮素 | ||||
甲狀腺細胞,分泌 | ||||
甲狀腺激素 | ||||
降鈣素 | ||||
副甲狀腺細胞,分泌 | ||||
副甲狀腺激素 | ||||
嗜酸細胞(功能未知) | ||||
腎上腺細胞,分泌 | ||||
腎上腺素 | ||||
去甲腎上腺素 | ||||
類固醇激素 | ||||
鹽皮質激素 | ||||
糖皮質激素 | ||||
性腺細胞,分泌 | ||||
睾酮(睾丸萊氏細胞) | ||||
雌激素(卵泡之內膜層細胞) | ||||
孕酮(破裂卵泡之黃體細胞) | ||||
腎臟之近腎絲球器細胞 | ||||
球旁細胞(分泌腎素) | ||||
黃斑緻密細胞 極周細胞 系膜細胞 | { | (不確定但可能功能相關;可能涉及促紅細胞生成素分泌) | ||
腸道、外分泌腺及泌尿生殖道中之上皮吸收細胞 | ||||
小腸刷狀緣細胞(具有微絨毛) | ||||
外分泌腺之紋狀管細胞 | ||||
膽囊上皮細胞 | ||||
腎近端小管之刷狀緣細胞 | ||||
腎遠端小管細胞 | ||||
輸精小管之無纖毛細胞 | ||||
附睾主細胞 | ||||
附睾基底細胞 | ||||
專門針對代謝及儲存之細胞 | ||||
肝細胞(肝臟細胞) | ||||
脂肪細胞 | ||||
白色脂肪 | ||||
棕色脂肪 | ||||
肝臟脂肪細胞 | ||||
主要提供障壁功能,作為肺、腸道、外分泌腺及生殖泌尿道襯裏之上皮細胞 | ||||
I型肺細胞(肺空氣空間襯裏) | ||||
胰管細胞(泡心細胞) | ||||
汗腺、唾液腺、乳腺等之非橫紋肌管細胞 | ||||
(各種) | ||||
腎絲球壁細胞 | ||||
腎絲球足細胞 | ||||
亨勒環細段細胞(腎臟中) | ||||
集合管細胞(腎臟中) | ||||
精囊管、前列腺等之細胞(各種) | ||||
閉合內體腔襯裏上皮細胞 | ||||
血管及淋巴管之血管內皮細胞 | ||||
有孔 | ||||
連續 | ||||
脾臟 | ||||
滑膜細胞(關節腔襯裏,在很大程度上分泌透明質酸) | ||||
漿膜細胞(腹膜、胸膜及心包腔襯裏) | ||||
耳朵外淋巴空間襯裏鱗狀細胞 | ||||
耳朵內淋巴空間襯裏鱗狀細胞 | ||||
鱗狀細胞 | ||||
內淋巴囊之柱狀細胞 | ||||
具有微絨毛 | ||||
不具有微絨毛 | ||||
「暗」細胞 | ||||
前庭膜細胞 | ||||
血管紋基底細胞 | ||||
血管紋邊緣細胞 | ||||
克勞迪厄斯氏細胞 | ||||
蔔歇細胞 | ||||
脈絡叢細胞(分泌腦脊液) | ||||
軟蛛網膜鱗狀細胞 | ||||
眼睫狀體上皮細胞 | ||||
色素 | ||||
非色素 | ||||
角膜「內皮」細胞 | ||||
具有推進功能之纖毛細胞 | ||||
呼吸道之纖毛細胞 | ||||
輸卵管及子宮內膜之纖毛細胞(女性中) | ||||
睾丸網及輸精小管之纖毛細胞(男性中) | ||||
中樞神經細胞之纖毛細胞(腦腔襯裏室管膜細胞) | ||||
專門用於細胞外基質分泌之細胞 | ||||
上皮 | ||||
成釉細胞(分泌牙齒之牙釉質) | ||||
耳朵前庭器之半月平面細胞 | ||||
(分泌蛋白聚糖) | ||||
柯氏器官之齒間細胞(分泌覆蓋柯氏器官之毛細胞之頂蓋「膜」) | ||||
非上皮(結締組織) | ||||
纖維母細胞(各種,屬於疏鬆結締組織、角膜、肌腱、骨髓網狀組織等) | ||||
毛細血管之周細胞 | ||||
椎間盤之髓核細胞 | ||||
成牙骨質細胞/牙骨質細胞(分泌齒根骨狀牙骨質) | ||||
成牙本質細胞/牙本質細胞(分泌牙本質) | ||||
軟骨細胞 | ||||
透明軟骨 | ||||
纖維軟骨 | ||||
彈性軟骨 | ||||
成骨細胞/骨細胞 | ||||
骨祖細胞(成骨細胞之幹細胞) | ||||
眼睛玻璃體之透明細胞 | ||||
耳朵外淋巴空間之星狀細胞 | ||||
收縮細胞 | ||||
骨骼肌細胞 | ||||
紅色(慢) | ||||
白色(快) | ||||
中間 | ||||
肌梭-核袋 | ||||
肌梭-核鏈 | ||||
衛星細胞(幹細胞) | ||||
心肌細胞 | ||||
普通 | ||||
節點 | ||||
浦肯野纖維 | ||||
平滑肌細胞(各種) | ||||
肌上皮細胞 | ||||
虹膜 | ||||
外分泌腺 | ||||
血液及免疫系統之細胞 | ||||
紅細胞 | ||||
巨核細胞 | ||||
巨噬細胞及相關細胞 | ||||
單核細胞 | ||||
結締組織巨噬細胞(各種) | ||||
朗格漢斯細胞(表皮中) | ||||
破骨細胞(骨骼中) | ||||
樹突狀細胞(淋巴組織中) | ||||
小膠質細胞(中樞神經細胞中) | ||||
嗜中性粒細胞 | ||||
嗜酸性粒細胞 | ||||
嗜鹼性粒細胞 | ||||
肥大細胞 | ||||
T淋巴細胞 | ||||
輔助T細胞 | ||||
抑制T細胞 | ||||
殺手T細胞 | ||||
B淋巴細胞 | ||||
IgM | ||||
IgG | ||||
IgA | ||||
IgE | ||||
殺手細胞 | ||||
血液及免疫系統之幹細胞及定向祖細胞(各種) | ||||
感官感測器 | ||||
光感受器 | ||||
視桿 | ||||
視錐 | ||||
感藍 | ||||
感綠 | ||||
感紅 | ||||
聽力 | ||||
柯氏器官之內毛細胞 | ||||
柯氏器官之外毛細胞 | ||||
加速度及重力 | ||||
耳前庭器之I型毛細胞 | ||||
耳前庭器之II型毛細胞 | ||||
味覺 | ||||
II型味蕾細胞 | ||||
嗅覺 | ||||
嗅覺神經元 | ||||
嗅上皮基底細胞(嗅覺神經元之幹細胞) | ||||
血液pH | ||||
頸動脈體細胞 | ||||
I型 | ||||
II型 | ||||
觸覺 | ||||
表皮梅克爾細胞 | ||||
專門針對觸覺之初級感覺神經元(各種) | ||||
溫度 | ||||
專門針對溫度之初級感覺神經元 | ||||
冷敏感 | ||||
熱敏感 | ||||
疼痛 | ||||
專門針對疼痛之初級感覺神經元(各種) | ||||
骨骼肌肉系統中之構造及力量 | ||||
本體感受性初級感覺神經元(各種) | ||||
自主神經元 | ||||
膽鹼激導性(各種) | ||||
腎上腺素激導性(各種) | ||||
肽激導性(各種) | ||||
感覺器官及外周神經元之支援細胞 | ||||
柯氏器官之支援細胞 | ||||
內柱細胞 | ||||
外柱細胞 | ||||
內指狀細胞 | ||||
外指狀細胞 | ||||
邊緣細胞 | ||||
漢森細胞 | ||||
前庭器支援細胞 | ||||
味蕾支援細胞(I型味蕾細胞) | ||||
嗅上皮支援細胞 | ||||
許旺氏細胞 | ||||
衛星細胞(包封周圍神經細胞體) | ||||
腸神經膠質細胞 | ||||
中樞神經系統之神經元及神經膠質細胞 | ||||
神經元(大量各種類型,仍不良分類) | ||||
神經膠質細胞 | ||||
星形膠質細胞(各種) | ||||
寡突膠質細胞 | ||||
晶狀體細胞 | ||||
晶狀體前上皮細胞 | ||||
晶狀體纖維(含晶狀體蛋白之細胞) | ||||
色素細胞 | ||||
黑素細胞 | ||||
視網膜色素上皮細胞 | ||||
生殖細胞 | ||||
卵原細胞/卵母細胞 | ||||
精母細胞 | ||||
精原細胞(精母細胞之幹細胞) | ||||
滋養細胞 | ||||
卵泡細胞 | ||||
塞特利氏細胞(睾丸中) | ||||
胸腺上皮細胞 外分泌上皮細胞 • 唾液腺黏液細胞(富含多糖之分泌) • 唾液腺1號(富含糖蛋白酶之分泌) • 舌中之馮·埃布納腺細胞(洗滌味蕾) • 乳腺細胞(乳汁分泌) • 淚腺細胞(淚液分泌) • 耳中之耵聹腺細胞(耳垢分泌) • 小汗腺暗細胞(糖蛋白分泌) • 小汗腺透明細胞(小分子分泌) • 大汗腺細胞(分泌有氣味,性激素敏感) • 眼瞼中之莫爾腺細胞(特殊汗腺) • 皮脂腺細胞(富含脂質之皮脂分泌) • 鼻中之鮑曼氏腺細胞(洗滌嗅上皮) • 十二指腸中之布倫納氏腺細胞(酶及鹼性黏液) • 精囊細胞(分泌精液組分,包括用於遊動精子之果糖) • 前列腺細胞(分泌精液組分) • 尿道球腺細胞(黏液分泌) • 巴氏腺細胞(陰道潤滑劑分泌) • 利特雷氏腺細胞(黏液分泌) • 子宮內膜細胞(碳水化合物分泌) • 呼吸道及消化道之隔離杯狀細胞(黏液分泌) • 胃壁黏液細胞(黏液分泌) • 胃腺產酶細胞(胃蛋白酶原分泌) • 胃腺泌酸細胞(鹽酸分泌) • 胰腺腺泡細胞(碳酸氫鹽及消化酶分泌) • 小腸潘氏細胞(溶菌酶分泌) • 肺II型肺細胞(界面活性劑分泌) • 肺克拉拉細胞 激素分泌細胞 • 垂體前葉細胞 • 生長激素細胞 • 泌乳細胞 • 促甲狀腺激素細胞 • 促性腺激素細胞 • 腎上腺皮質激素細胞 • 中間垂體細胞,分泌黑素細胞刺激素 • 大細胞神經分泌細胞 • 分泌催產素 • 分泌加壓素 • 腸道及呼吸道細胞 • 分泌血清素 • 分泌內啡肽 • 分泌生長抑素 • 分泌胃泌素 • 分泌胰泌素 • 分泌膽囊收縮素 • 分泌胰島素 • 分泌胰高血糖素 • 分泌蛻皮素 • 甲狀腺細胞 • 甲狀腺上皮細胞 • 濾泡旁細胞 • 副甲狀腺細胞 • 副甲狀腺主細胞 • 嗜酸細胞 • 腎上腺細胞 • 嗜鉻細胞 • 分泌類固醇激素(鹽皮質激素及糖皮質激素) • 分泌睾酮之睾丸萊氏細胞 • 分泌雌激素之卵泡濾泡內鞘細胞 • 分泌孕酮之破裂卵泡黃體細胞 • 粒層細胞黃體細胞 • 卵泡膜黃體細胞 • 球旁細胞(腎素分泌) • 腎黃斑緻密細胞 • 腎極周細胞 • 腎系膜細胞 主要源自外胚層外皮系統 角質化上皮細胞 • 表皮角化細胞(分化表皮細胞) • 表皮基底細胞(幹細胞) • 手指甲及腳趾甲之角化細胞 • 甲床基底細胞(幹細胞) • 髓質毛幹細胞 • 皮質毛幹細胞 • 表皮毛幹細胞 • 表皮毛根鞘細胞 • 赫胥黎層之毛根鞘細胞 • 亨勒層之毛根鞘細胞 • 外部毛根鞘細胞 • 毛母細胞(幹細胞) 濕複層障壁上皮細胞 • 角膜、舌、口腔、食管、肛管、尿道遠端及陰道之複層鱗狀上皮之表面上皮細胞 • 角膜、舌、口腔、食管、肛管、尿道遠端及陰道之上皮之基底細胞(幹細胞) • 泌尿上皮細胞(膀胱及泌尿管襯裏) 神經系統 吾等人體中存在神經細胞,亦稱為神經元。它們向外分枝。此等細胞構成神經組織。神經元由具有細胞核及細胞質之細胞體組成,由此產生長的薄毛髮樣部分。感官感測器細胞 • 柯氏器官之聽覺內毛細胞 • 柯氏器官之聽覺外毛細胞 • 嗅上皮基底細胞(嗅覺神經元之幹細胞) • 冷敏感性初級感覺神經元 • 熱敏感性初級感覺神經元 • 表皮梅克爾細胞(觸覺感測器) • 嗅覺受體神經元 • 疼痛敏感性初級感覺神經元(各種類型) • 眼睛中之視網膜感光細胞: • 光感受器視桿細胞 • 眼睛之光感受器感藍視錐細胞 • 眼睛之光感受器感綠視錐細胞 • 眼睛之光感受器感紅視錐細胞 • 本體感受性初級感覺神經元(各種類型) • 觸覺敏感性初級感覺神經元(各種類型) • I型頸動脈體細胞(血液pH感測器) • II型頸動脈體細胞(血液pH感測器) • 耳前庭系統之I型毛細胞(加速度及重力) • 耳前庭系統之II型毛細胞(加速度及重力) • I型味蕾細胞 自主神經系統 • 膽鹼激導性神經細胞 • 腎上腺素激導性神經細胞 • 肽激導性神經細胞 感覺器官及外周神經元支援細胞 • 柯氏器官之內柱細胞 • 柯氏器官之外柱細胞 • 柯氏器官之內指狀細胞 • 柯氏器官之外指狀細胞 • 柯氏器官之邊緣細胞 • 柯氏器官之漢森細胞 • 前庭器支援細胞 • 味蕾支援細胞 • 嗅上皮支援細胞 • 許旺氏細胞 • 衛星神經膠質細胞(包封周圍神經細胞體) • 腸道神經膠質細胞中樞神經系統神經元及神經膠質細胞 • 星形膠質細胞(各種類型) • 神經元細胞(大量多種類型,仍不良分類) • 寡突膠質細胞 • 紡錘體神經元 晶狀體細胞 • 晶狀體前上皮細胞 • 含晶狀體蛋白之晶狀體纖維細胞 主要源自中胚層代謝及儲存細胞 • 肝細胞(肝臟細胞) • 脂肪細胞: • 白色脂肪細胞 • 棕色脂肪細胞 • 肝臟脂肪細胞障壁功能細胞 ( 肺、腸、外分泌腺及泌尿生殖道 ) 腎臟 • 腎臟壁細胞 • 腎絲球足細胞 • 腎近端小管刷狀緣細胞 • 亨勒細段細胞環 • 腎遠端小管細胞 • 腎集合管細胞[需要消除歧義 ] • I型肺細胞(肺細胞空氣空間襯裏) • 胰管細胞(泡心細胞) • 非紋狀管細胞(汗腺、唾液腺、乳腺等) • 主細胞 • 潤細胞 • 管細胞(精囊、前列腺等) • 腸刷狀緣細胞(具有微絨毛) • 外分泌腺紋狀管細胞 • 膽囊上皮細胞 • 輸精管非纖毛細胞 • 附睾主細胞 • 附睾基底細胞 細胞外基質細胞 • 成釉細胞上皮細胞(牙釉質分泌) • 耳前庭系統之半月平面上皮細胞(蛋白聚糖分泌) • 柯氏器官齒間上皮細胞(分泌覆蓋毛細胞之頂蓋膜) • 疏鬆結締組織纖維母細胞 • 角膜纖維母細胞(角膜基質細胞) • 肌腱纖維母細胞 • 骨髓網狀組織纖維母細胞 • 其他非上皮纖維母細胞 • 周細胞 • 椎間盤髓核細胞 • 成牙骨質細胞/牙骨質細胞(齒根骨狀ewan細胞分泌) • 成牙本質細胞/牙本質細胞(齒牙本質分泌) • 透明軟骨軟骨細胞 • 纖維軟骨軟骨細胞 • 彈性軟骨軟骨細胞 • 成骨細胞/骨細胞 • 骨祖細胞(成骨細胞之幹細胞) • 眼睛玻璃體之透明細胞 • 耳朵外淋巴空間之星狀細胞 • 肝星狀細胞(伊東細胞) • 胰腺星狀細胞 收縮細胞 • 骨骼肌細胞 • 紅色骨骼肌細胞(慢) • 白色骨骼肌細胞(快) • 中間骨骼肌細胞 • 肌梭核袋細胞 • 肌梭核鏈細胞 • 衛星細胞(幹細胞) • 心肌細胞 • 普通心肌細胞 • 節點心肌細胞 • 浦肯野纖維細胞 • 平滑肌細胞(各種類型) • 虹膜肌上皮細胞 • 外分泌腺肌上皮細胞 血液及免疫系統細胞 • 紅血球(紅細胞) • 巨核細胞(血小板前驅體) • 單核細胞(白細胞) • 結締組織巨噬細胞(各種類型) • 表皮朗格漢斯細胞 • 破骨細胞(骨骼中) • 樹突狀細胞(淋巴組織中) • 小膠質細胞(中樞神經細胞中) • 嗜中性粒細胞 • 嗜酸性粒細胞 • 嗜鹼性粒細胞 • 融合瘤細胞 • 肥大細胞 • 輔助T細胞 • 抑制T細胞 • 細胞毒性T細胞 • 自然殺手T細胞 • B細胞 • 自然殺手細胞 • 網織紅細胞 • 血液及免疫系統之幹細胞及定向祖細胞(各種類型) 生殖細胞 • 卵原細胞/卵母細胞 • 精細胞 • 精母細胞 • 精原細胞(精母細胞之幹細胞) • 精子 滋養細胞 • 卵泡細胞 • 塞特利氏細胞(睾丸中) • 胸腺上皮細胞 間質細胞 • 間質腎細胞 | ||||
表 7. 用於本文所述之水凝膠粒子之 B 細胞成熟標誌物 | |
B 細胞類型 | 細胞表面標誌物 |
Pro-B | CD19、CD20、CD34、CD38、CD45R |
Pre-B | CD19、CD20、CD38、CD45R |
不成熟B | CD19、CD20、CD40、CD45R、IgM |
Tr-B | CD10、CD19、CD20、CD24、CD28 |
Naïve-B | CD19、CD20、CD23、CD40、CD150 (SLAM)、IgD、IgM |
B-1 | CD19、CD20、CD27、IgM |
記憶B | CD19、CD20、CD28、CD40、IgA、IgG |
漿細胞 | CD9、CD28、CD31、CD38、CD40、CD95 (FAS)、CD184 (CXCR4) |
表 8 用於本文所述之水凝膠粒子之細胞表面標誌物 |
14-3-3 αβ |
14-3-3 ε |
14-3-3 ζ |
14-3-3 θ |
14-3-3 σ |
15-脂肪加氧酶1 |
160 kD中等神經絲 |
200 kD重神經絲 |
2H2 |
3G11雙唾液酸神經節苷酯抗原 |
4E-BP1 |
磷酸化4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) |
5-甲基胞苷 |
5HT3A受體 |
5T4 |
68kDa輕神經絲 |
7.1 |
70 kD輕神經絲 |
A20 |
A2B5 |
AAK1 |
ABCA1 |
ABCA7 |
ABCB4 |
ABCB5 |
ABCC10 |
ABCC11 |
ABCG1 |
ABI2 |
ABIN3 |
ABIN3β |
ABL2 |
Abraxas |
ACAA1 |
ACADM |
ACAT2 |
ACBD3 |
ACD |
ACE2 |
乙醯基輔酶A羧化酶 |
乙醯基輔酶A羧化酶α |
乙醯基輔酶A合成酶 |
乙醯化離胺酸 |
AChRα |
AChRβ |
AChRγ |
烏頭酸酶2 |
ACOT12 |
ACSA2 |
ACSF2 |
ACSM5 |
Act1 |
活化分子8(B細胞) |
IB型啟動素A受體 |
IIB型啟動素A受體 |
ACTN3 |
ACY1 |
ACY3 |
ADA |
ADAM12 |
ADE2 |
腺苷A1受體 |
腺苷A2aR |
腺病毒 |
腺病毒纖維單體及三聚體 |
腺病毒六鄰體蛋白 |
腺苷酸激酶1 |
腺苷酸丁二酸裂解酶 |
ADFP |
ADH1B |
ADH6 |
ADH7 |
ADI1 |
脂聯素 |
脂聯素受體2 |
脂肪甘油三酯脂酶 |
ADP核糖基化因數 |
ADP-核糖基轉移酶2.2基因 |
腎上腺皮質鐵氧化蛋白 |
AF10 |
AFAP1 |
AFP |
AG2 |
AGAP1 |
AGPAT5 |
AGR2 |
AHSG |
AICDA |
AID |
AIF |
AIM-2 |
Aiolos |
AIPL1 |
AIRE |
AK3 |
AK3L1 |
AK5 |
Akt |
Akt (pS473) |
Akt (pT308) |
Akt1 |
Akt2 |
Akt3 |
白蛋白 |
醇脫氫酶 |
醛還原酶 |
ALDH1A1 |
ALDH1L1 |
ALDH2 |
ALDH3A1 |
ALDH3A2 |
ALDH5A1 |
ALDH6A1 |
ALDH7A1 |
ALDOB |
醛縮酶B |
Alexa Fluor 405/瀑布藍 |
Alexa Fluor 488 |
ALG2 |
Alix |
過敏原1 |
α1抗胰蛋白酶 |
α1連環蛋白 |
α1鈉鉀ATP酶 |
α2連環蛋白 |
α2巨球蛋白 |
α肌動蛋白1 |
α肌動蛋白2 |
α輔肌動蛋白 |
α輔肌動蛋白2 |
α輔肌動蛋白3 |
α輔肌動蛋白4 |
α接合素 |
α內收蛋白 |
αB晶狀體蛋白 |
α胞襯蛋白 |
α中連蛋白 |
α突觸核蛋白 |
ALS1 |
AMACR |
胺基肽酶P |
AML1 |
神經元突觸前膜蛋白 |
AMPKα |
AMPKα1 |
AMPKα2 |
AMPKβ1 |
AMPKγ1 |
Amyloidβ 42 |
ANAPC2 |
AND1 |
雄激素受體 |
血管緊張素I |
血管緊張素II受體2 |
血管緊張素III |
ANKRD53 |
膜聯蛋白IV |
膜聯蛋白V |
ANP |
抗杖魚庫多蟲(Anti-Kudoa thrysites) |
抗布魯斯錐蟲前列環素(GPEET) |
抗布魯斯錐蟲前列環素(磷酸化GPEET) |
抗球蛋白(Coombs) |
抗凝血酶III |
AP2 α |
AP2 αβ |
AP2 γ |
AP2M1 |
AP2S1 |
APAF1 |
APBB3 |
APC |
APC-1 |
APC-10 |
APC-11 |
APC-2 |
APC-3 |
APC-5 |
APC-7 |
APC-8 |
APE1 |
APG12 |
APG3 |
APG5 |
APG7 |
APMAP |
Apo-2.7 |
Apo-2.7 (7A6) |
ApoE |
ApoE4 |
APOER2 |
載脂蛋白AI |
載脂蛋白AII |
載脂蛋白AIV |
載脂蛋白B |
載脂蛋白CIII |
載脂蛋白D |
載脂蛋白E |
載脂蛋白F |
載脂蛋白H |
載脂蛋白J |
載脂蛋白L1 |
載脂蛋白M |
凋亡之嗜中性粒細胞 |
APP |
水通道蛋白1 |
水通道蛋白5 |
ARF1 |
ARF5 |
ARFGAP1 |
ARFRP1 |
Argonaute-1 |
ARH |
ARHGAP25 |
ARHGAP4 |
ARL11 |
ARL5B |
ARPC5 |
Artemis |
芳基烴受體 |
ASB-1 |
ASCC1 |
ASCC2 |
ASGPR |
Asialo-GM1 |
ASK1 |
天冬醯胺合成酶 |
Ataxin 1 |
ATF1 |
ATF2 |
ATG4A |
ATG9A |
ATIC |
大西洋鮭魚Ig |
ATM |
ATP檸檬酸裂解酶 |
ATP1B3 |
ATP5A |
ATP5H |
ATP5J |
ATP5O |
ATP6V0D1 |
ATP6V1B1 |
ATPB |
ATRIP |
Aurora A |
磷酸化Aurora A (Thr288) |
Aurora B |
磷酸化Aurora B (Thr232) |
AVEN |
A型禽流感神經胺酸酶 |
親和素 |
Axin 2 |
Axl |
B及啟動T細胞 |
B細胞 |
B細胞子集 |
B細胞(泛反應性) |
B淋巴細胞抗體[UCH-B1] |
b-內啡肽 |
磷酸化B-Raf (Thr598/Ser601) |
B18R |
B7-H4 |
BACE1 |
BACE2 |
BACH1 |
桿狀病毒包膜gp64蛋白 |
BAG1 |
BAG2 |
BAG3 |
BAG4 |
BAIAP2 |
BAK |
BAMBI |
BAP31 |
BAP37 |
基底細胞細胞角蛋白 |
嗜鹼性粒細胞 |
Bassoon |
BATF |
Bax |
BCAR1 |
BCAR2 |
BCKD複合物E2亞基 |
Bcl-10 |
Bcl-2 |
Bcl-2 (pS70) |
Bcl-2樣12 |
Bcl-2樣2 |
Bcl-22 |
Bcl-2A1 |
Bcl-2α |
Bcl-3 |
Bcl-6 |
Bcl-xL |
Bcl-XS/L |
BCR |
BCSC1 |
BDH2 |
BDKRB2 |
BDNF |
Beclin1 |
Bestrophin 3 |
β2腎上腺素受體 |
β3腎上腺素激導性受體 |
β3鈉鉀ATP酶 |
β肌動蛋白 |
β抑制蛋白1 |
β抑制蛋白2 |
β連環蛋白 |
β連環蛋白(npaa 27-37) |
β連環蛋白(npaa 35-50) |
β連環蛋白(pS45) |
β肌萎縮蛋白聚糖 |
β半乳糖苷酶 |
β半乳糖苷酶融合蛋白 |
β突觸核蛋白 |
β2微球蛋白 |
BHMT |
Bid |
雙鏈蛋白聚糖 |
膽紅素氧化酶 |
Bim |
BimL |
BIN1 |
BIN3 |
生物素 |
BiP |
BLBP |
Blimp-1 |
BLK |
BLNK |
BLNK (pY84) |
A血型抗原 |
AB血型抗原 |
B血型抗原 |
H ab血型抗原 |
H ab血型抗原/n血型抗原 |
H血型抑制劑 |
路易士a血型 |
M血型抗原 |
N血型抗原 |
Blooms症候群蛋白Blm |
BM1 |
BMAL1 |
BMI1 |
Bmk |
BMP15 |
BMP4 |
BMP7 |
BMPR1A |
BMPR2 |
BMX |
bMyc |
BNIP2 |
BNIP3 |
BNIP3L |
BOB1 |
BORA |
北蛋白(Borealin) |
萊姆病螺旋體(Borrelia burgdorferi) |
BPI |
BRaf |
BRCA1 |
BRCC36 |
BRD3 |
BrdU |
BRF1 |
BRG1 |
BRN3A |
Btk |
Btk (pY551)/Itk (pY511) |
BTLN-2 |
BTN1A1 |
Bu1 |
Bu1a |
Bu1a/Bu1b |
Bu1b |
BubR1 |
Bulb |
丁醯膽鹼酯酶 |
C肽 |
C反應性蛋白 |
C/EBPβ |
C1抑制劑 |
C15orf40 |
C16orf72 |
C1orf50 |
C1Q |
C1QA |
C1QB |
C1QC |
C1QG |
C1r |
C1s |
C20orf30 |
C20orf43 |
C21orf56 |
C21orf59 |
C2orf43 |
C3 |
C3aR |
C3b |
C3c |
C3d |
C4 |
C4結合蛋白 |
C4b |
C4c |
C4d |
C4orf42 |
C5 |
C5aR1 |
C5L2 |
C6 |
C6orf64 |
C8A/B/G |
C9 |
C9orf41 |
CA125 |
CA19.9 |
CAB39 |
CACNA1S |
CACNA2 |
CACNG1 |
CAD |
鈣黏蛋白1 |
鈣黏蛋白10 |
鈣黏蛋白11 |
鈣黏蛋白7 |
鈣黏蛋白8 |
鈣黏蛋白9 |
鈣黏蛋白E |
鈣黏蛋白H |
鈣黏蛋白K |
鈣黏蛋白P |
鈣黏蛋白R |
CAK C端 |
CAK N端 |
磷酸化CAK (Ser164/Thr170) |
鈣結合蛋白 |
鈣調磷酸酶A |
降鈣素受體 |
鈣感測受體 |
鈣結合蛋白 |
鈣粒蛋白A |
鈣粒蛋白B |
鈣調蛋白 |
鈣聯蛋白-ER膜標誌物 |
需鈣蛋白酶1 |
需鈣蛋白酶2 |
需鈣蛋白酶9 |
需鈣蛋白酶S1(小亞基) |
鈣蛋白酶抑制蛋白 |
鈣調節蛋白 |
鈣網蛋白 |
鈣視網膜蛋白 |
集鈣蛋白2 |
CaMKI |
CaMKII |
磷酸化CaMKII (Thr286) |
CaMKIIδ |
CamKIV |
CaMKIα |
CAMLG |
cAMP蛋白激酶催化亞基 |
cAMP蛋白激酶催化亞基α |
大麻素受體I |
大麻素受體II |
CAP-G2 |
CAP18 |
CAP2 |
CAP3 |
碳酸酐酶I |
碳酸酐酶IX |
羧酸酯酶1 |
羧基肽酶A1 |
羧基肽酶A2 |
CARD11 |
CARD8 |
CARD9 |
心肌肌鈣蛋白T |
CARKL |
CARM1 |
酪蛋白激酶1 α |
酪蛋白激酶1 γ2 |
酪蛋白激酶2 β |
胱天蛋白酶1 |
胱天蛋白酶10 |
胱天蛋白酶11 |
胱天蛋白酶12 |
胱天蛋白酶2 |
胱天蛋白酶2L |
胱天蛋白酶3 |
胱天蛋白酶4 |
胱天蛋白酶5 |
胱天蛋白酶6 |
胱天蛋白酶7 |
胱天蛋白酶8 |
胱天蛋白酶9 |
過氧化氫酶 |
兒茶酚-O-甲基轉移酶 |
組織蛋白酶D |
組織蛋白酶K |
組織蛋白酶L |
窖蛋白1 |
窖蛋白1 (pY14) |
窖蛋白2 |
Cbl |
CBP |
CBWD1 |
CBX1 |
cCbl (pY700) |
cCbl (pY774) |
CCDC98 |
CCK4 |
CCL11 |
CCL17 |
CCL18 |
CCL19-Fc |
CCL20 |
CCL21 |
CCL25 |
CCL3 |
CCL5 |
CCL6 |
CCNB1IP1 |
CCR10 |
CCR11 |
CCRD6 |
CCRL2 |
CD1 |
CD1.1 |
CD10 |
CD100 |
CD101 |
CD102 |
CD103 |
CD104 |
CD105 |
CD106 |
CD107a |
CD107b |
CD108 |
CD109 |
CD11 |
CD110 |
CD111 |
CD112 |
CD113 |
CD114 |
CD115 |
CD116 |
CD117 |
CD118 |
CD119 |
CD11a |
CD11a、菌株多態性 |
CD11a/CD18 |
CD11b |
CD11b/c |
CD11c |
CD11d |
CD120a |
CD120b |
CD121a |
CD121b |
CD122 |
CD123 |
CD124 |
CD125 |
CD126 |
CD127 |
CD129 |
CD13 |
CD130 |
CD131 |
CD132 |
CD133 |
CD133/2 |
CD134 |
CD135 |
CD136 |
CD137 |
CD137L |
CD138 |
CD139 |
CD14 |
CD140a |
CD140b |
CD140b (pY1009) |
CD140b (pY1021) |
CD140b (pY771) |
CD140b (pY857) |
CD141 |
CD142 |
CD143 |
CD144 |
CD146 |
CD147 |
CD148 |
CD15 |
CD150 |
CD151 |
CD152 |
CD153 |
CD154 |
CD155 |
CD156c |
CD157 |
CD158a |
CD158a/h |
CD158b |
CD158b1/b2/j |
CD158d |
CD158e |
CD158e/k |
CD158e1 |
CD158e1/e2 |
CD158f |
CD158g |
CD158h |
CD158i |
CD158j |
CD159a |
CD159c |
CD15s |
CD16 |
CD16/32 |
CD16/56 |
CD160 |
CD161 |
CD161a |
CD162 |
CD162R |
CD163 |
CD164 |
CD165 |
CD166 |
CD167a |
CD168 |
CD169 |
CD16b |
CD17 |
CD170 |
CD171 |
CD172 |
CD172a |
CD172a/b |
CD172b |
CD172g |
CD173 |
CD177 |
CD178 |
CD178.1 |
CD179a |
CD179b |
CD18 |
CD180 |
CD181 |
CD182 |
CD183 |
CD184 |
CD185 |
CD186 |
CD19 |
CD191 |
CD192 |
CD193 |
CD194 |
CD195 |
CD195(細胞質) |
磷酸化CD195 (Ser337) |
磷酸化CD195 (Ser349) |
CD196 |
CD197 |
CD198 |
CD199 |
CD1a |
CD1b |
CD1b/c |
CD1c |
CD1d |
CD1d αGalCer複合物 |
CD2 |
CD20 |
CD200 |
CD200R |
CD200R3 |
CD201 |
CD202b |
CD203a |
CD203c |
CD204 |
CD205 |
CD206 |
CD207 |
CD208 |
CD209 |
CD209b |
CD21 |
CD21/CD35 |
CD210 |
CD212 |
CD213a1 |
CD213a2 |
CD217 |
CD218a |
CD22 |
CD22 (pY822) |
CD22.2 |
CD220 |
CD220α |
CD221 |
CD221 (pY1131) |
CD222 |
CD223 |
CD224 |
CD226 |
CD227 |
CD229 |
CD229.1 |
CD23 |
CD230 |
CD231 |
CD233 |
CD234 |
CD235a |
CD235ab |
CD236 |
CD239 |
CD24 |
CD240CE |
CD240DCE |
CD243 |
CD244 |
CD244.1 |
CD244.2 |
CD245 |
CD246 |
CD247 |
CD247 (pY142) |
CD249 |
CD25 |
CD252 |
CD253 |
CD254 |
CD255 |
CD256 |
CD257 |
CD258 |
CD26 |
CD261 |
CD262 |
CD263 |
CD264 |
CD265 |
CD266 |
CD267 |
CD268 |
CD269 |
CD27 |
CD270 |
CD271 |
CD272 |
CD273 |
CD274 |
CD275 |
CD276 |
CD277 |
CD278 |
CD279 |
CD28 |
CD280 |
CD281 |
CD282 |
CD283 |
CD284 |
CD284/MD2複合物 |
CD286 |
CD289 |
CD29 |
CD290 |
CD294 |
CD298 |
CD299 |
CD2a |
CD3 |
CD3/CD44 |
CD30 |
CD300 |
CD300a |
CD300e |
CD300f |
CD301 |
CD303 |
CD303a |
CD304 |
CD305 |
CD307d |
CD309 |
CD31 |
CD310 |
CD312 |
CD314 |
CD314(啟動) |
CD314(阻斷) |
CD317 |
CD318 |
CD319 |
CD32 |
CD321 |
CD323 |
CD324 |
CD325 |
CD326 |
CD328 |
CD329 |
CD32B |
CD33 |
CD334 |
CD335 |
CD336 |
CD337 |
CD338 |
CD339 |
CD34 |
CD340 |
CD344 |
CD349 |
CD35 |
CD351 |
CD354 |
CD357 |
CD358 |
CD36 |
CD360 |
CD361 |
CD36L1 |
CD37 |
CD38 |
CD39 |
CD39L4 |
CD3D |
CD3G |
CD3γ |
CD3δ |
CD3ε |
CD3ε(CD3分子複合物) |
CD4 |
CD4(結構域1) |
CD4(結構域2) |
CD4 v4 |
CD40 |
CD40bp |
CD41 |
CD41/CD61 |
CD41a |
CD41b |
CD42a |
CD42b |
CD42d |
CD43 |
CD44 |
CD44 (v3) |
CD44 (v4) |
CD44 (v5) |
CD44 (v6) |
CD44 (v7) |
CD44.2 |
CD44std |
CD44v6 |
CD44var (v10) |
CD44var (v3) |
CD44var (v3-v10) |
CD44var (v4) |
CD44var (v5) |
CD44var (v6) |
CD44var (v7) |
CD44var (v7-v8) |
CD45 |
CD45.1 |
CD45.2 |
CD45R |
CD45RA |
CD45RB |
CD45RC |
CD45RO |
CD46 |
CD47 |
CD48 |
CD49a |
CD49a/CD29 |
CD49b |
CD49b/CD29 |
CD49b/CD61 |
CD49c |
CD49d |
CD49d/CD29 |
CD49e |
CD49e/CD29 |
CD49f |
CD49f/CD29 |
CD4α |
CD5 |
CD5.1 |
CD5.2 |
CD5.6 |
CD50 |
CD51 |
CD51/61 |
CD52 |
CD53 |
CD54 |
CD55 |
CD56 |
CD57 |
CD58 |
CD59 |
CD59a |
CD6 |
CD60b |
CD61 |
CD62E |
CD62L |
CD62P |
CD63 |
CD64 |
CD64 a,b同種抗原 |
CD64.1 |
CD65 |
CD65s(唾液酸化CD65) |
CD66 |
CD66a |
CD66a/b/c/e |
CD66a/c/d |
CD66a/c/d/e |
CD66a/c/e |
CD66a/e |
CD66b |
CD66c |
CD66c/e |
CD66e |
CD66f |
CD68 |
CD69 |
CD7 |
CD70 |
CD70b |
CD71 |
CD72 |
CD72 a,b,c同種抗原 |
CD72 b,c同種抗原 |
CD72.1 |
CD73 |
CD74 |
CD75 |
CD77 |
CD78 |
CD79a |
CD79b |
CD8 |
CD80 |
CD81 |
CD82 |
CD83 |
CD84 |
CD85 |
CD85a |
CD85d |
CD85g |
CD85h |
CD85j |
CD85k |
CD86 |
CD87 |
CD88 |
CD89 |
CD8α |
CD8α.1 |
CD8α.2 |
CD8β |
CD9 |
CD90.1 |
CD90.2 |
CD90.9 |
CD91 |
CD91α |
CD91β |
CD93 |
CD94 |
CD95 |
CD96 |
CD97 |
CD98 |
CD98hc |
CD99 |
CD99R |
Cdc-123 |
Cdc-2 (p34) |
磷酸化Cdc-25A (Ser17) |
Cdc-25C |
Cdc-37 |
Cdc-45L |
Cdc-6 |
CDc-7 |
Cdk1 |
Cdk2 |
Cdk4 |
Cdk5 |
Cdk6 |
Cdk7 |
Cdk9 |
CdkA1 |
CdkN2A |
CdkN3 |
CDT1 |
CDX2 |
CEACAM19 |
CEACAM20 |
CEACAM7 |
CEBPα |
CEBPβ |
CEND1 |
CENPA |
CENPE |
CENPF |
CENPH |
中心體蛋白2 |
CFAH |
cFos |
CFTR |
CGB5 |
cGK1 |
CH2 |
CHCHD5 |
CHD3 |
CHD4 |
Chemerin |
CHIPS、C端 |
CHIPS、N端 |
Chk1 |
Chk2 |
硫酸軟骨素 |
CHOP |
嗜鉻粒蛋白C |
ChT1 |
chTOG |
cIAP1 |
cIAP2 |
CIAS1 |
CIDEA |
CIP4 |
CISD1 |
CITED1 |
CITED2 |
cJun |
磷酸化cJun (Tyr91/Tyr93) |
CKIIα |
CKMT2 |
CLASP1 |
網格蛋白 |
緊密連接蛋白-1 |
緊密連接蛋白-10 |
緊密連接蛋白-15 |
緊密連接蛋白-16 |
緊密連接蛋白-18(C端) |
緊密連接蛋白-18(中間) |
緊密連接蛋白-4 |
緊密連接蛋白-5 |
緊密連接蛋白-8 |
CLAW-H |
CLEC12A |
CLEC1B |
CLEC4A |
CLEC4M |
CLEC9A |
CLIP |
CLOCK |
肉毒桿菌毒素B |
CLPP |
cMaf |
cMet |
CMKLR1 |
CMRF44 |
CMRF56 |
cMyb |
cMyc |
CNDP2 |
CNTFRα |
COASY |
套體素δ |
絲切蛋白 |
Colec12 |
膠原蛋白I |
膠原蛋白I/III |
膠原蛋白II |
膠原蛋白III |
膠原蛋白IV |
膠原蛋白V |
膠原蛋白VI |
膠原蛋白VII |
COMMD1 |
補體因數B |
複雜I免疫捕獲 |
共軛膽鹼戊二酸 |
連接蛋白26 |
連接蛋白30 |
連接蛋白30.2 |
連接蛋白30.3 |
連接蛋白32 |
連接蛋白36 |
連接蛋白37 |
連接蛋白37(C端) |
連接蛋白37(中間) |
連接蛋白39 |
連接蛋白39(中間) |
連接蛋白40(C端) |
連接蛋白40(中間) |
連接蛋白43 |
連接蛋白45 |
連接蛋白45(C端) |
連接蛋白46 |
連接蛋白47 |
連接蛋白57(C端) |
連接蛋白57(中間) |
接觸蛋白2 |
COPS3 |
冠狀病毒 |
冠蛋白1A |
冠蛋白1B |
皮層蛋白 |
皮質胸腺細胞 |
COX I |
COX I/III |
COX II |
COX IV |
COX VA |
COX VIA1 |
柯薩奇腺病毒受體 |
CPF |
CPI17α |
Cpn10 |
CPO |
CPS1 |
CPT2 |
CRABP1 |
CRABP2 |
CRALBP |
肌酸激酶BB |
肌酸激酶MM |
CREB |
磷酸化CREB (Ser133) |
cRel |
Cripto1 |
CRISP3 |
Crk p38 |
CrkL |
CrkL (pY207) |
CROT |
CRRY |
CRTAM |
CRTC3 |
CRY2 |
隱花色素I |
以隱孢子蟲 |
小隱孢子蟲 |
CRYZL1 |
CSK |
CSK結合蛋白 |
CSPS |
cSrc |
CST2 |
CTDSP1 |
CTNNA3 |
CTNNBL1 |
Cullin 1 |
Cullin 2 |
Cullin 3 |
Cullin 4A |
Cullin 4A/B |
Cullin 4B |
皮膚淋巴細胞抗原 |
CUTL1 |
CX3CL1 |
CX3CR1 |
CXCL1 |
CXCL10 |
CXCL12α |
CXCL12β |
CXCL13 |
CXCL9 |
CXCR7 |
CXorf26 |
花青 |
CYB5R2 |
CYB5R3 |
細胞週期蛋白A |
細胞週期蛋白A2 |
細胞週期蛋白B1 |
細胞週期蛋白B2 |
細胞週期蛋白D1 |
細胞週期蛋白D2 |
細胞週期蛋白D3 |
細胞週期蛋白E |
細胞週期蛋白E2 |
細胞週期蛋白H |
細胞週期蛋白D1/D2/D3 |
親環素40 |
CYLD |
CysLT1 |
血清胱蛋白C |
血清胱蛋白S |
細胞色素B245重鏈 |
細胞色素B245輕鏈 |
細胞色素c |
細胞色素P450 17A1 |
細胞色素P450 19A1 |
細胞色素P450 1A2 |
細胞色素P450 2A6 |
細胞色素P450 2B6 |
細胞色素P450 2C9 |
細胞色素P450 2J2 |
細胞色素P450 3A4 |
細胞色素P450 3A5 |
細胞色素P450還原酶 |
細胞角蛋白 |
細胞角蛋白(酸性) |
細胞角蛋白(鹼性) |
細胞角蛋白(泛反應性) |
細胞角蛋白1 |
細胞角蛋白10 |
細胞角蛋白10/13 |
細胞角蛋白13 |
細胞角蛋白14 |
細胞角蛋白14/15/16/19 |
細胞角蛋白15 |
細胞角蛋白16 |
細胞角蛋白17 |
細胞角蛋白18 |
細胞角蛋白19 |
細胞角蛋白2 |
細胞角蛋白20 |
細胞角蛋白4 |
細胞角蛋白4/5/6/8/10/13/18 |
細胞角蛋白40 |
細胞角蛋白5 |
細胞角蛋白5/6/18 |
細胞角蛋白5/8 |
細胞角蛋白6 |
細胞角蛋白6a |
細胞角蛋白7 |
細胞角蛋白7/17 |
細胞角蛋白8 |
細胞角蛋白8/18/19 |
D4-GDI |
DAB2 |
DACH1 |
DAND5 |
DAP1 |
DAP12 |
DAPK1 |
DAPK2 |
DARPP32 |
Daxx |
DAZL |
DBC1 |
DCAMKL1 |
DCC |
DCIR2 |
DCLRE1B |
DCP1a |
DcR3 |
DCTN2 |
DcTRAIL-R1 |
DcTRAIL-R2 |
DCXR |
DDB1 |
DDDDK標籤 |
DDX3 |
DDX4 |
DDX50 |
DECR1 |
Dectin1 |
Dectin2 |
DEF8 |
防禦素α1 |
缺失 |
δ1連環蛋白 |
δ樣蛋白1 |
δ樣蛋白4 |
δ阿片樣受體 |
δC |
δD |
樹突狀細胞標誌物 |
去氧胞苷激酶 |
結蛋白 |
橋粒芯蛋白2 |
橋粒芯蛋白1 |
橋粒斑蛋白 |
消去蛋白 |
葡聚糖 |
DGKA |
Dicer |
DISC1(C端) |
DISC1(中間) |
散亂3 |
雙唾液酸神經節苷酯GD2 |
雙唾液酸神經節苷酯GD3 |
Dkk1 |
Dkk3 |
DLC8 |
DLK1 |
Dlx5 |
DM-GRASP |
DMT1 |
DNA-PKcs |
磷酸化DNA-PKcs (Thr2609) |
DNAI1 |
DNAJA2 |
DNAJB2 |
DNAJC3 |
DNAPK |
DNM1L |
Dnmt1 |
Dnmt3b |
DNP |
DOK2 |
DOK7 |
多巴胺受體D1 |
多巴胺受體D3 |
多巴胺受體D5 |
多巴胺β羥化酶 |
雙皮質素 |
DP1 |
DPH2 |
DPP10 |
DPP3 |
DPP9 |
Dppa4 |
DPYD |
DR3 |
DRAK1 |
DRAK2 |
Drebrin |
DTYMK |
DUSP23 |
DUSP27 |
DUSP3 |
DUSP5 |
DUSP6 |
DUX4 |
DYKDDDDK抗原決定基標籤 |
動力素 |
動力素1 |
動力蛋白啟動蛋白 |
動力蛋白輕鏈2 |
肌養素結合蛋白 |
Dysferlin |
短棒菌素α |
短棒菌素β |
磷酸肌萎縮蛋白聚糖(Tyr893) |
大腸桿菌O/E |
E2A-Pbx1 |
E2F1 |
E47 |
E4BP4 |
結合至I-A之Ea52-68肽 |
結合至I-A之Ea52-68肽 |
EAAT1 |
早期B譜系 |
EBF1 |
EBI3 |
EBP50 |
ECGF1 |
ECH1 |
ECRG4 |
EDA |
EDA-A2R |
EDG1 |
EDG2 |
EDG3 |
EDG6 |
EEA1 |
EEF1G |
EEF2 |
EEF2K |
EEN |
EFEMP1 |
EFEMP2 |
Eg5 |
磷酸化Eg5 (Thr927) |
EGF |
EGF受體 |
EGF受體(pY1173) |
EGF受體(pY845) |
EGF受體(pY992) |
EGR1 |
EGR2 |
EHD1 |
eIF1 |
eIF2C2 |
EIF2S1 |
eIF2γ |
eIF3 |
eIF3D |
eIF3D (p66) |
eIF3F |
eIF3G |
eIF3H (p40) |
eIF3I (p36) |
eIF3J |
eIF3K |
eIF4B |
eiF4E |
eIF4E (pS209) |
eIF4E2 |
eIF5A |
eIF6 |
彈性蛋白酶 |
Elk1 |
Elk1 (pS383) |
ELK3 |
延伸蛋白B |
延伸蛋白C |
EMAP II |
Embigin |
EMG1 |
Emi1 |
EMR3 |
EMSY |
Ena/Vasp樣 |
EndoG |
EndoGlyx-1 |
內皮黏蛋白 |
內皮細胞 |
內皮脂肪酶 |
內皮小靜脈標誌物 |
內皮 |
Engrailed1 |
ENO1 |
烯醇酶1 |
eNOS |
eNOS (pS1177) |
Entpd2 |
Eomes |
Eos |
Epac1 |
Eph受體A1 |
Eph受體A2 |
Eph受體A4 |
Eph受體B4 |
Eph受體B6 |
蝶素A2 |
蝶素A3 |
EPHX2 |
EPM2AIP1 |
EPOR |
EPS15R |
Epsin 1 |
Epsin 2 |
ER-HR3 |
ER-MP54 |
ER-TR7 |
ER81 |
ERAB |
ERCC1 |
ERG |
ERK1 |
ERK1/2 (pT185/pY187) |
ERK1/2 (pT202/pY204) |
ERK1/ERK2 |
ERK2 |
ERK5 |
ERMAP |
ERp29 |
ERp72 |
紅系細胞 |
埃茲蛋白/根蛋白/膜突 |
磷酸化ERα (Ser167) |
ESAM |
雌激素誘導蛋白pS2 |
雌激素受體 |
雌激素受體α |
雌激素受體β |
雌激素相關受體α |
ETAR |
亞乙烯基腺苷 |
ETS1 |
EVI2A |
EVI2B |
EWSR1 |
EXD1 |
EXOSC3 |
EXOSC7 |
EYA2 |
EZH1/2 |
埃茲蛋白 |
埃茲蛋白(pY353) |
F-肌動蛋白 |
F10A1 |
F4/80 |
FAA4 |
FABP4 |
因數I |
因數IX |
因數VIII.vWF(缺失) |
因數XIIIa |
FADD |
FAHD2A |
FAK |
FAK (pS910) |
FAM119A |
FAM175A |
FAM84B |
FAM91A1 |
FANCC |
FANCD2 |
磷酸化範可尼貧血D2 (Ser222) |
FAP |
Fascin |
FBP1 |
FBXO21 |
FBXO31 |
FBXO42 |
FBXO43 |
Fc受體結合抑制劑 |
Fc受體IgA+IgM |
FcR |
FcRL6 |
FcRLA |
FcεRI |
FDC |
FDFT1 |
FDPS |
FE65 |
FeLV p27 |
FEN1 |
FER |
鐵蛋白重鏈 |
鐵蛋白輕鏈 |
鐵蛋白、粒線體 |
FES |
胎兒血紅蛋白 |
FGF酸性 |
FGF鹼性 |
FGF21 |
FGFR1 |
FGFR2 |
FGR |
FH |
FHL1 |
核仁纖維蛋白 |
原纖維蛋白 |
纖維蛋白原 |
纖維蛋白原α鏈 |
纖維蛋白原γ鏈 |
纖維蛋白肽A |
纖維蛋白肽B |
成纖維細胞活化蛋白α |
成纖維細胞表面蛋白 |
成纖維細胞/上皮細胞 |
纖維連接蛋白 |
纖維連接蛋白受體 |
Fibulin5 |
Ficolin B |
絲聚蛋白 |
細絲蛋白A |
FITC |
FITC/俄勒岡綠 |
FIV |
FIV gp120 |
FIV gp95 |
FIV p24 |
FIV p24 gag |
FKBP12 |
FKBP4 |
FKBP6 |
FKBPL |
FLiC |
Flightless1 |
FLIP |
Flt3L |
螢光蛋白 |
FLV gp70 |
FLYWCH2 |
FMC7 |
fMLP受體 |
FMRP |
FNTA |
FNTB |
濾泡樹突狀細胞 |
Fos |
FOXA1 |
FOXA2 |
FOXC2 |
FOXD3 |
FOXI1 |
FOXJ1 |
FOXM1 |
Foxo1 |
Foxo3A |
FOXP1 |
FOXP3 |
FPRL1 |
FR4 |
Fra2 |
Fragilis |
FRAT1 |
Frataxin |
Frequenin |
Frizzled-1 |
FSHα |
FSHβ |
FUK |
FUS |
FXYD3 |
FYB |
Fyn |
Fyn (pY528)/c-Src (pY530) |
Fyn相關激酶 |
FZR1 |
G-CSF |
G3BP |
G6PD |
GAB1 |
GAB2 |
GABA B受體2 |
GABARAP |
GAD65 |
GAD67 |
GADD34 |
半乳糖腦苷 |
半乳糖腦苷 |
半乳糖凝集素1 |
半乳糖凝集素10 |
半乳糖凝集素3 |
半乳糖凝集素4 |
半乳糖凝集素7 |
半乳糖凝集素8 |
半乳糖凝集素9 |
γ突觸核蛋白 |
神經節苷酯GD2 |
神經節苷酯GD3 |
神經節苷酯GM1 |
Gankyrin |
GAP |
GAP43 |
GAPDH |
GARP |
GAS2 |
GAS7 |
GAT2 |
GATA1 |
GATA2 |
GATA3 |
GATA4 |
GATM |
GBA3 |
GBE1 |
GBP1 |
GBP2 |
GBP5 |
GC1qR |
GCDFP15 |
GCDH |
GCK1 |
GCLM |
GCN2 |
GCN5 |
GCTM2 |
GDAP1L1 |
GDF15 |
凝溶膠蛋白 |
Gemin1 |
橋蛋白 |
GFAP |
GFP |
GILZ |
GIMAP4 |
GIPR |
GIT2 |
GITRL |
GLAST |
Gli1 |
膠質纖維酸性蛋白 |
胰升糖素 |
GLIPR1L1 |
胰高血糖素 |
糖皮質激素受體 |
糖皮質激素受體α |
葡萄糖1脫氫酶 |
葡萄糖6磷酸異構酶 |
GLUH1 |
GLUT1 |
GLUT2 |
GLUT4 |
GLUT5 |
麩胺酸受體2 |
麩胺酸受體2/3 |
麩胺酸受體3 |
麩胺酸受體4 |
麩胺醯胺 |
麩胺醯胺合成酶 |
穀氧還蛋白2 |
谷胱甘肽NEM |
谷胱甘肽NEW |
谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶1 |
谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶4 |
谷胱甘肽還原酶 |
谷胱甘肽S轉移酶θ2 |
谷胱甘肽S轉移酶κ1 |
谷胱甘肽S轉移酶μ |
谷胱甘肽合成酶 |
糖原合成酶1 |
糖蛋白IX |
糖蛋白VI |
GM-CSF |
GM130 |
GM3.2 |
GNB2 |
GNB2L1 |
GNLY |
GNMT |
GnRHR |
高爾基蛋白(58K) |
高爾基區 |
GOLM1 |
GOLPH2 |
GOSR1 |
gp340 |
gp49R |
GPA33 |
GPCR5C |
GPR-120 |
GPR-143 |
GPR-151 |
GPR-18 |
GPR-30 |
GPR-40 |
GPR-48 |
GPR-49 |
GPR-50 |
GPR-56 |
GPR-73A |
GPR-73B |
GPR-77 |
GPR-83 |
GPR-86 |
GPR-C5C |
GPR-C5D |
顆粒體 |
顆粒溶解素 |
顆粒酶A |
顆粒酶B |
顆粒酶K |
GRAP2 |
GRASP1 |
GRASP65 |
GRB2 |
GRB7 |
GRHPR |
GRIM19 |
GRK1 |
GRK2 |
GRK3 |
GRK5 |
GRK6 |
生長激素受體 |
GRP170 |
GRP94 |
GSC |
GSK3α |
GSK3α/β |
GSK3β |
GSPT2 |
GST |
GST抗原決定基標籤 |
GSTA4 |
GTF2D1 |
GTP酶HRAS |
GTPBP4 |
鳥苷酸激酶 |
H-2 |
H-2.m31 |
H-2Db |
H-2Dd |
H-2Kd |
H2-M |
H2-M3 |
H2A.X |
磷酸化H2A.X (Ser139) |
H2A1J |
H60 |
HA標籤 |
HADHA |
HADHA/HADHB |
HADHB |
HADHSC |
HAND1 |
HAO1 |
結合珠蛋白 |
HARS |
HARS2 |
HBF |
hCGα |
hCGβ |
hCGβ4 |
HCN4 |
HDAC1 |
HDAC10 |
HDAC2 |
HDAC3 |
HDAC4 |
HDAC6 |
HDAC9 |
HDHD1A |
HDHD2 |
HDJ2 |
HDLBP |
HE4 |
HEC1 |
HEF1 |
Helios |
造血相關巨噬細胞 |
造血譜系混合液 |
造血祖細胞 |
血紅蛋白 |
血紅蛋白F |
血紅蛋白亞基α |
B型肝炎病毒 |
B型肝炎病毒核心抗原 |
B型肝炎病毒E抗原 |
B型肝炎病毒表面抗原(Ad/Ay) |
C型肝炎病毒 |
C型肝炎病毒核心抗原 |
C型肝炎病毒NS4 |
Hepsin |
HER3 |
HER4 |
Hes1 |
己糖激酶 |
己糖激酶1 |
己糖激酶2 |
HFE1 |
HGF |
HGFA抑制劑1 |
HHEX |
HHV8 GPCR |
HIBCH |
HID1 |
HIF-1α |
HIF-2α |
HIF1AN |
HINT1 |
HIP2 |
HIPK2 |
海馬鈣蛋白 |
組織胺H3受體 |
組織細胞 |
組蛋白H1 |
組蛋白H1.0 |
組蛋白H2A |
組蛋白H2B |
組蛋白H2B型1B |
組蛋白H3 |
磷酸化組蛋白H3 (Ser10) |
磷酸化組蛋白H3 (Ser28) |
組蛋白H3.3 |
組蛋白H4 |
HIV1核心抗原 |
HIV1 p17 |
HIV1 p24 |
HIV1 p55/p17 |
HIV1 tat |
HL60 |
HLA I類 |
HLA-2Kb/2Db |
HLA-2kb/2Dd |
HLA-A |
HLA-A/B/C |
HLA-A1/A11/A26 |
HLA-A1/A36 |
HLA-A10/A11 |
HLA-A10/A28/B75 |
HLA-A10/B62/B71 |
HLA-A11 |
HLA-A2 |
HLA-A2/A25/A32 |
HLA-A2/A28 |
HLA-A2/A3/A29 |
HLA-A2/A69 |
HLA-A2/B17 |
HLA-A2/B5 |
HLA-A2/B57 |
HLA-A23/A24 |
HLA-A24/A11/A2403 |
HLA-A25 |
HLA-A25/A26 |
HLA-A25/A26/A34 |
HLA-A25/A32 |
HLA-A26/A34/B71/B62 |
HLA-A29 |
HLA-A3 |
HLA-A30/A31 |
HLA-A33/B8 |
HLA-A34/B71/A26 |
HLA-A9 |
HLA-A9/A25/A32 |
HLA-A9/A32/B13 |
HLA-B |
HLA-B12 |
HLA-B13/B62/B15 |
HLA-B14 |
HLA-B17 |
HLA-B17/B35/B44 |
HLA-B21/B70/B55 |
HLA-B27/B44/B47 |
HLA-B35/B57/B75/B77 |
HLA-B44/B75/B17 |
HLA-B48/B60 |
HLA-B5/B49/B56 |
HLA-B7 |
HLA-B8 |
HLA-B8/B14 |
HLA-BC |
HLA-Bw4/A9/A32 |
HLA-Bw6 |
HLA-Bw6/B77 |
HLA-I類自由鏈 |
HLA-D |
HLA-DM |
HLA-DO |
HLA-DP |
HLA-DQ |
HLA-DQ/DR |
HLA-DQ1/DQ3 |
HLA-DQ1/DR7 |
HLA-DQ3 |
HLA-DQ6 |
HLA-DQ7 |
HLA-DQA1 |
HLA-DQB1 |
HLA-DQw1 |
HLA-DR |
HLA-DR/DP |
HLA-DR/DP/DQ |
HLA-DR1 |
HLA-DR11 |
HLA-DR3/DR6 |
HLA-DR4 |
HLA-DR7 |
HLA-DR7/DRβ |
HLA-DR8/DR12 |
HLA-DR9 |
HLA-DRA |
HLA-DRβ |
HLA-DRβ3 |
HLA-E |
HLA-G |
HLCS |
HLF |
HLXB9 |
HMG14 |
HMG17 |
HMG4 |
HMGB1 |
HMGB2 |
HMOX1 |
HMOX2 |
HNF4α |
hnRNPA1 |
hnRNPC1/C2 |
hnRNPD |
hnRNPK |
hnRNPL |
hnRNPU |
hnRNPUL1 |
歸巢受體 |
HOXB4 |
HOXB5 |
HP1α |
HPa1 |
HPa2 |
HPD |
HPd1 |
HPd2 |
HPi1 |
HPi2 |
HPi3 |
HPi4 |
HPR1 |
HPRT1 |
HPV16 E1/E4 |
HPx1 |
HPx2 |
Hrk |
Hsc70 |
HSD17B1 |
HSD3B1 |
HSF1 |
HSF2 |
HSF4 |
HSL |
Hsp105 |
Hsp14 |
Hsp22 |
HSP25 |
Hsp27 |
Hsp40 |
Hsp47 |
Hsp60 |
Hsp70 |
Hsp70-2 |
Hsp90 |
Hsp90α |
Hsp90β |
HspA4 |
HspA6 |
HSPA9 |
HspB2 |
HspB7 |
HSV標籤 |
HTLV I gp46 |
HTLV I p19 |
HtrA2 / Omi |
人乳頭瘤病毒16 (E7) |
亨廷頓素 |
HUS1 |
氫鉀ATP酶β |
I-Ak (Aαk) |
I-Ak (Aβk) |
Ia(B細胞) |
IBA1 |
IBP2 |
ICAD |
IDO |
IFABP |
IFN-α |
IFN-α1 |
IFN-α2β |
IFN-β |
IFN-γ |
IFN-γRβ |
IFN-Ω |
IFNA1 |
IFNAR1 |
IFT88 |
Ig |
Ig(多特異性) |
Ig輕鏈κ |
Ig輕鏈λ |
Ig輕鏈λ1, λ2, λ3 |
IgA |
IgA (Fab2) |
IgA (H) |
IgA, κ |
IgA, λ |
IgA1 |
IgA2 |
IgD |
IgD(δ重鏈) |
IgDa |
IgDb |
IgE |
IgE, κ |
IgEa |
IgEb |
IgG |
IgG (Fab H/L) |
IgG (Fab) |
IgG (Fab2 Fc) |
IgG (Fab2 H/L) |
IgG (Fab2) |
IgG (Fc) |
IgG (H/L) |
IgG(γ鏈特異性) |
IgG Fd |
IgG輕鏈 |
IgG, κ |
IgG/IgM |
IgG/IgM/IgA |
IgG/IgM/IgA (Fab2 H/L) |
IgG/IgM/IgA (Fab2) |
IgG/IgM/IgA (H/L) |
IgG/IgY |
IgG1 |
IgG1(重鏈) |
IgG1, κ |
IgG1, λ |
IgG1/2a |
IgG1/3 |
IgG1a |
IgG1b |
IgG2 |
IgG2, κ |
IgG2, λ |
IgG2/3 |
IgG2a |
IgG2a, κ |
IgG2a, λ |
IgG2a/b |
IgG2b |
IgG2b, κ |
IgG2c |
IgG2c, κ |
IgG3 |
IgG3, κ |
IgG3, λ |
IgG4 |
IgGDa |
IgK |
IGKC |
IgL |
IGLC2 |
IgM |
IgM (Fab2) |
IgM (Fc) |
IgM (H/L) |
IgM, κ |
IgM, λ |
IgMa |
IgMb |
IgY |
Ig’s |
Ihh |
Ikaros |
IkBα |
IkBβ |
IkBζ |
IKKα |
IKKβ |
IKKγ p(S376) |
IKKε |
IL-10 |
IL-11Rα |
IL-12 |
IL-12 (p35) |
IL-12 (p70) |
IL-12 Rβ1 |
IL-12 Rβ2 |
IL-12/IL-23 (p40) |
IL-13 |
IL-15 |
IL-15/IL-15R |
IL-15Rα |
IL-16 |
IL-17D |
IL-17A |
IL-17A/F |
IL-17B |
IL-17C |
IL-17E |
IL-17F |
IL-18 |
IL-18BP |
IL-19 |
IL-1RA |
IL-1RN |
IL-1α |
IL-1β |
IL-2 |
IL-20R2 |
IL-20Rα |
IL-20Rβ |
IL-21 |
IL-22 |
IL-22Rα2 |
IL-23 (p19) |
IL-23R |
IL-24 |
IL-25 |
IL-27 |
IL-27 (p28) |
IL-27Rα |
IL-28 |
IL-28Rα |
IL-29 |
IL-3 |
IL-31 |
IL-32αβγδ |
IL-32αβδ |
IL-33 |
IL-34 |
IL-4 |
IL-4Rα |
IL-5 |
IL-6 |
IL-7 |
IL-7Rα |
IL-8 |
IL-9 |
ILF3 |
ILK |
ILK1 |
免疫螢光N-γ |
IMP3 |
輸入蛋白9 |
A型流行性感冒病毒M2蛋白 |
B型流行性感冒病毒核蛋白 |
ING1 |
ING2 |
ING3 |
ING4 |
抑制素α |
iNOS |
INPP4A |
INPP4B |
胰島素 |
胰島素降解酶(IDE) |
胰島素受體R |
整合素α4/β7 |
整合素α9/β1 |
整合素αV/β5 |
整合素αV/β6 |
磷酸化整合素β1 (Tyr783) |
磷酸化整合素β1 (Tyr795) |
整合素β5 |
整合素β6 |
整合素β7 |
插入DNA |
精子頂端體蛋白 |
精子頂端體蛋白 |
不變NK T |
IP10 |
IQGA1 |
IRAK1 |
IRAK3 |
IRAK4 |
IRE1 |
IRF1 |
IRF3 |
IRF4 |
IRF5 |
IRF6 |
IRF7 |
IRF7 (pS477/pS479) |
IRF8 |
IRF9 |
IRS1 |
IRS1 (pY896) |
IRS2 |
IRS4 |
ISG15 |
ISG20 |
ISL1 |
Isthmin1 |
ITCH |
整合素α7 |
ITK |
ITPR1 |
Jagged2 |
JAK2 |
JAK3 |
JAM2 |
JAML |
日本腦炎病毒NS1糖蛋白 |
JNK |
磷酸化JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) |
JNK1/JNK2/JNK3 |
JNK2 |
連接黏附分子C |
親聯蛋白-1(C端) |
親聯蛋白-1(中間) |
親聯蛋白-2(C端) |
親聯蛋白-3(C端) |
KAP1 |
KATNA1 |
KCNH1 |
KDEL |
KDM4D |
Ki-67 |
KIF22 |
KIF3A |
KIF4A |
KIFA3 |
Kindlin2 |
動質體膜蛋白11 (KMP-1)) |
KIR-2.1 |
KIR-2D(全CD158) |
KLF4 |
KLF6 |
KLH |
KLHL11 |
KLRA3 |
KLRC1 |
KLRG1 |
KMT4 |
KMT5A |
KOR-SA3544 |
KS1/4 |
Ksp37 |
KSR1 |
Ku70 |
Ku70/80 |
Ku80 |
扙魚庫多蟲 |
庫尼茲蛋白酶抑制劑 |
Kv4.2 |
L/S-MAG |
標記檢查試劑 |
乳酸脫氫酶 |
乳酸脫氫酶B |
λ |
Lamin A |
Lamin A/C |
Lamin B受體 |
Lamin B1 |
Lamin B2 |
Lamin C |
板層素 |
板層素5 |
板層素受體 |
板層素β1 |
LAMP2a |
LAMP2b |
LAT |
LAT (pY171) |
LAT (pY226) |
LBP |
LC3 |
LC3B |
LCAT |
Lck |
Lck (pY505) |
LDH1 |
LDH1/B/C |
LDL(MDA氧化) |
LDLR |
LEF1 |
利什曼原蟲LPG(重複抗原決定基) |
碩大利什曼原蟲表面蛋白酶(GP-63) |
LEKTI |
白血病抑制因數 |
白三烯A4水解酶 |
白三烯B4受體 |
LHX3 |
LI-鈣黏蛋白 |
LIF |
DNA連接酶I |
DNA連接酶III |
LIM連接酶2 |
LIME1 |
LIMK1 |
LIMS1 |
Lin28 |
譜系混合液 |
類脂1 |
LIS1 |
肝羧酸酯酶1 |
LKB1 |
LMO2 |
LOX |
LOX1 |
LRP5/6 |
LRP6 |
LRPAP1 |
LSD1 |
LSP1 |
LSS |
LTα |
螢光素酶 |
LXRα |
Ly-108 |
Ly-49A |
Ly-49A/D |
Ly-49AB6 |
Ly-49C/F/I/H |
Ly-49C/I |
Ly-49D |
Ly-49E/F |
Ly-49F |
Ly-49G |
Ly-49G2 |
Ly-49G2B6 |
Ly-49H |
Ly-49I |
Ly-51 |
Ly-6A.2/Ly-6E.1 |
Ly-6A/E |
Ly-6b |
Ly-6B.2 |
Ly-6C |
Ly-6D |
Ly-6G |
Ly-6G/C |
Ly-6K |
Ly-77 |
淋巴毒素β |
淋巴毒素β受體 |
Lyn |
LYRIC |
溶血磷脂酶1 |
溶酶體酸性脂肪酶 |
溶酶體 |
溶菌酶 |
Lyve1 |
M-CSF |
M13噬菌體外殼蛋白g8p |
M13噬菌體蛋白 |
MAA |
Mac-2BP |
macroH2A.1 |
巨噬細胞 |
巨噬細胞活化劑 |
巨噬細胞半乳糖凝集素 |
巨噬細胞/粒細胞 |
巨噬細胞/單核細胞 |
MAD2 |
MadCAM1 |
MADD |
MADH7 |
MAFB |
MAG |
MAGE-A |
MAGE1 |
MAIR2 |
MAIR4 |
MALT1 |
乳腺球蛋白A |
MAP1LC3A |
MAP2 |
MAP2B |
MAP2K1IP1 |
MAP3K8 |
磷酸化MAP4 (Ser768) |
MAP4K1 |
MAP4K4 |
MAPK12 |
MAPK6 |
MAPKAP激酶2 |
磷酸化MAPKAP激酶2 (Thr334) |
MARCKS |
MARCO |
邊緣區B細胞 |
MARK2 |
MARK3 |
MART1 |
肥大細胞 |
肥大細胞蛋白酶11 |
成熟巨噬細胞標誌物 |
MBD1 |
MBD2 |
MBL |
MCL1 |
MCM2 |
MCM3 |
MCM4 |
MCM5 |
MCM6 |
MCM7 |
MCP-1 |
MCP-4 |
MCP-8 |
MCSF |
MD1 |
MD2 |
MDC |
MECT1 |
MEF2A |
MEIS1 |
MEK1 |
MEK1 (p298) |
MEK1 (pS218)/MEK2 (pS222) |
MEK1/2 (pS222) |
MEK2 |
MEK3 |
MEK4 |
MEK5 |
MEK6 |
MEK7 |
MEKK1 |
MEKK2 |
MEKK3 |
MEKK4 |
黑素瘤 |
MELK |
MEMO1 |
Mena |
Menin |
MEOX2 |
Merlin |
MERTK |
間皮素 |
金屬硫蛋白 |
MetRS |
mGluR5 |
MGMT |
MHC I類 |
MHC I類(H-2Db) |
MHC I類(H-2Dd) |
MHC I類(H-2Dk) |
MHC I類(H-2Dq/Lq) |
MHC I類(H-2Kb) |
MHC I類(H-2Kb/Db) |
MHC I類(H-2Kb/Dd) |
MHC I類(H-2Kd a3結構域) |
MHC I類(H-2Kd) |
MHC I類(H-2Kd/Dd) |
MHC I類(H-2Kd/Dd/q/u/v) |
MHC I類(H-2Kk) |
MHC I類(H-2Kq) |
MHC I類(H-2Ks) |
MHC I類(H-2Ld) |
MHC I類(H-2Ld/Db) |
MHC Ib類(H2-M3) |
MHC II類 |
MHC II類(DQ) |
MHC II類(DR) |
MHC II類(I-A) |
MHC II類(I-A/E) |
MHC II類(I-Ab) |
MHC II類(I-Ab/Ad) |
MHC II類(I-Ab/As) |
MHC II類(I-Ad) |
MHC II類(I-Ak) |
MHC II類(I-Ak/Ad/Ab/Aq/Ar) |
MHC II類(I-Ak/As) |
MHC II類(I-Ap) |
MHC II類(I-Aq) |
MHC II類(I-E) |
MHC II類(I-Eκ) |
MHC II類(RT1B) |
MHC II類(RT1Bu) |
MHC II類(RT1D) |
MHC II類β |
MHC Qa1b |
MICA |
MICA/MICB |
MICB |
微褶皺(M)細胞 |
微管相關蛋白2ab |
微管相關蛋白RP/EB 2 |
中期因數 |
鹽皮質激素受體 |
MIP-1β |
MIPEP |
粒線體 |
粒線體內膜蛋白 |
粒線體融合素1 |
粒線體融合素2 |
有絲分裂細胞 |
MKK6 |
MLH1 |
MLK3 |
MLL1 |
MLLT11 |
MMP1 |
MMP10 |
MMP11 |
MMP12 |
MMP13 |
MMP14 |
MMP15 |
MMP17 |
MMP19 |
MMP2 |
MMP20 |
MMP21 |
MMP26 |
MMP3 |
MMP8 |
MMP9 |
Mnk1 |
mNOS |
MnSOD |
膜突蛋白 |
單胺氧化酶B |
單核細胞/粒細胞 |
單核吞噬細胞 |
小鼠胚胎纖維母細胞(mEF)飼養細胞 |
小鼠譜系 |
MPP1 |
MRCL3 |
MRE11 |
MRGPR-X2 |
MRI1 |
MRP14 |
MRP2 |
MRP3 |
MRP4 |
MRP5 |
MRP6 |
MRP8 |
MRP8/14 |
MSC (W8B2) |
MSC (W3D5) |
MSC (W5C5) |
MSC (W7C6) |
MSC/NPC |
MSH2 |
MSH6 |
MSI2H |
MSK1 |
MST1 |
MST1/MST2 |
MST3 |
MST4 |
MST4/MST3/STK25 |
mTOR |
Muc-16 |
Muc-2 |
Muc-3 |
Muc-4 |
Muc-7 |
MULT-1 |
Munc13-4 |
Munc18 |
MUPP1 |
Mus81 |
Musashi1 |
毒蕈鹼乙醯膽鹼受體2 |
肌肉肌動蛋白 |
盲肌樣1 |
MVP |
MYBBP1A |
MYBPC3 |
Myc標籤 |
MyD88 |
髓鞘鹼性蛋白 |
髓鞘寡突膠質細胞糖蛋白 |
髓鞘PLP |
髓系抗原 |
骨髓細胞核分化抗原 |
髓系 |
肌纖蛋白 |
肌細胞生成素 |
肌球蛋白重鏈 |
肌球蛋白IIA |
肌球蛋白輕鏈2 |
肌球蛋白輕鏈3 |
肌球蛋白輕鏈激酶 |
肌球蛋白磷酸酶 |
肌球蛋白磷酸酶1/2 |
MYST2 |
NADH2 |
Naf1 |
NAK |
Nanog |
NAPE-PLD |
NAT1 |
原生脂磷壁酸 |
利鈉肽受體A |
自然殺手細胞 |
自然殺手細胞活化結構 |
NBS1 |
NC1.1 |
NCF4 |
Nck |
NCOA1 |
NCOA2 |
NCX1 |
NDUFAF1 |
NDUFB4 |
NDUFS3 |
NEDD8 |
NEK2 |
NEK6 |
NEK7 |
NEK9 |
磷酸化NEK9 (Thr210) |
巢蛋白 |
NETO2 |
Neurabin1 |
神經調節蛋白1 |
神經調節蛋白3 |
神經母細胞瘤 |
神經D1 |
神經D2 |
神經纖維瘤蛋白 |
神經絲重蛋白 |
神經絲中蛋白 |
神經元素2 |
神經激肽1受體 |
神經元特異性烯醇化酶 |
神經生長因數受體 |
神經緊張素受體1 |
NFκB p50/p105 |
NFκB p65 (pS536) |
NFATc1 |
NFκB p50 |
NFκB p50/p105 |
NFκB p52/p100 |
NFκB p65 |
NFκB p65 (pS529) |
NG2 |
NGF |
Nhedc2 |
NHERF1 |
Nicastrin |
Ninein |
硝基酪胺酸 |
NKG2A/C/E |
NKG2AB6 |
NKp80 |
NKX3.1 |
NM23A |
NMDA受體2A |
NMDA受體2B |
NMDE2 |
NMDZ1 |
NMNA2 |
nMyc |
nNOS |
NNTM |
孤啡肽 |
Nod2 |
Nodal |
頭蛋白 |
NONO |
非特異性細胞毒性細胞 |
Notch1 |
Notch2 |
Notch3 |
Notch4 |
NOX2 |
NOX4 |
NOXA2 |
NPC |
NPM-ALK |
磷酸化NPM/B23 (Thr199) |
磷酸化NPM/B23 (Thr234/Thr237) |
NPY5R |
NQO1 |
NR2E1 |
NRC2C |
Nrf2 |
NRG3 |
NSPA/B |
NTAL |
NTF97 |
核仁蛋白 |
磷酸化核仁蛋白(Thr76/Thr84) |
核仁磷酸蛋白 |
NUDC |
NUMA1 |
Nur77 |
O乙醯基GD3 |
Oct2 |
Oct3/4 |
Oct3/4A |
Oct4 |
ODAG |
OGDH |
OLIG1 |
OLIG2 |
寡突膠質細胞標誌物 |
寡突膠質細胞標誌物O1 |
寡突膠質細胞標誌物O4 |
制癌蛋白M受體 |
Orai1 |
OSCAR |
OSR1 |
骨黏連蛋白 |
骨橋蛋白 |
骨保護素 |
Otx2 |
OVA (SIINFEKL) H-2Kb |
卵圓細胞標誌物 |
卵清蛋白 |
卵巢癌相關抗原 |
OX-62 |
p110δ |
p120連環蛋白 |
p120連環蛋白(pS268) |
p120連環蛋白(pS288) |
p120連環蛋白(pS879) |
p120連環蛋白(pT310) |
p120連環蛋白(pT916) |
p120連環蛋白(pY228) |
p13 |
p130 |
p130 Cas |
p130 Cas (pY249) |
p14ARF |
p150,95 |
p19ARF |
p21 |
p22phox |
p23 |
p27Kip1 |
P2RX4 |
P2RY8 |
P2X3 |
P2X7 |
P2Y6 |
p34Cdc-2 |
p38 |
p38 MAPK (pT180/pY182) |
p400 |
p53 |
乙醯化p53 (Lys305) |
乙醯化p53 (Lys382) |
磷酸化p53 (Ser15) |
磷酸化p53 (Ser37) |
磷酸化p53 (Ser392) |
p53BP1 (Ser1778) |
p57Kip2 |
p60 CAF1 |
p62 |
p63 |
p63 (TA) |
p70 S6激酶β |
p90 Rsk |
磷酸化p90 Rsk (Thr368/Ser372) |
p95 NBS1 |
p97 |
PA28γ |
PABP1 |
PABP2 |
PABPN1 |
PAC1 |
PAD2 |
PAG1 |
PAK1 |
PAK2 |
PAK3 |
全肌動蛋白 |
全巨噬細胞 |
全內皮細胞抗原 |
PAR1 |
1型副流行性感冒病毒 |
2型副流行性感冒病毒 |
3型副流行性感冒病毒 |
PARC |
PARD3 |
PARK7/DJ1 |
PARP,裂解形式 |
PARP16 |
PARP4 |
PARVA |
Pax2 |
Pax5 |
Pax6 |
Pax7 |
Pax8 |
Pax9 |
樁蛋白 |
磷酸化樁蛋白(Tyr118) |
磷酸化樁蛋白(Tyr31) |
PBEF |
PBK |
PBP |
PBR |
PBX3 |
PCB |
PCNA |
PCYT1A |
PD-1H |
PD-ECGF |
PDC-TREM |
PDCD4 |
PDCD6 |
PDE3B |
PDECGF |
PDGF-AA |
PDI |
PDK1 |
PDK2 |
PDPK1 |
PDPK1 (pS241) |
PDX1 |
PDZK1 |
PE |
PECR |
PEI-轉鐵蛋白感染 |
Pellino 1 |
正五聚蛋白3 |
PEPD |
穿孔蛋白 |
過氧化物酶1 |
過氧化物酶2 |
過氧化物酶6 |
PEX5 |
PF4 |
PGC1α |
PGIS |
PGP9.5 |
PGRP-Ia |
PGRP-S |
PHD1 |
PHD2 |
磷脂醯絲胺酸 |
磷酸化SHIP |
磷脂酶A2啟動蛋白(PLAP) |
磷脂酶C β3 |
磷脂酶C γ1 |
磷脂酶D1 |
磷酸絲胺酸/酥胺酸/酪胺酸 |
磷酸酪胺酸 |
PI 3激酶催化亞基α |
PI 3激酶催化亞基γ |
PI 3激酶p110 β |
PI 3激酶p110 δ |
PI 3激酶p150 |
PI 3激酶p85 α |
PI 4激酶β |
PIAS1 |
PIAS3 |
PICK1 |
PIM1 |
PIM2 |
Pin1 |
PINK1 |
PIP5K2α |
PIP5KIγ |
PIR-A/B |
Pirh2 |
PIST |
PiTX3 |
PIWIL2 |
PKA RIIα (pS99) |
PKA RIIβ (pS114) |
PKA2β |
PKAR2 |
PKAγ |
PKC |
PKCq |
PKCα |
PKCα (pT497) |
PKCα (pT638) |
PKCβ |
PKCβ2 |
PKCγ |
PKCδ |
PKCε |
PKCζ |
PKCθ |
PKCÏ… |
PKN |
PKN2 |
PKR |
PKX1 |
PLA2G1B |
胎盤鹼性磷酸酶 |
胎盤蛋白14 |
橋粒斑菲素蛋白3 |
絲束蛋白L |
血小板 |
PLAU |
PLCγ1 |
PLCγ1 (pY783) |
PLCγ2 |
PLCγ2 (pY759) |
網蛋白 |
多效生長因數 |
叢蛋白A1 |
叢蛋白B2 |
PLGF |
PLK1 |
磷酸化PLK1 (Thr210) |
PLK4 |
PLSCR1 |
PLVAP |
PLZF |
PMCA(1-4) |
PMCA4 |
PMEL17/SILV |
PMN |
PMP70 |
PMS2 |
PNAd |
PNPH |
足糖萼蛋白 |
平足蛋白 |
POKEMON |
多組胺酸標籤 |
PON1 |
PON3 |
PP2Aα |
PP2Aαβ |
PPM1A |
PPP1A |
PPP5C |
PPP6C |
PR3 |
PRA1 |
PRC1 |
Pre-BCR |
Pre-T細胞受體α鏈 |
前白蛋白 |
早老蛋白1 |
早老蛋白2 |
朊蛋白PrP |
PRKRA |
PRLR |
PRMT1 |
PRMT5 |
鬆弛素原1/2 |
鬆弛素原2 |
前纖維蛋白1 |
孕酮受體 |
抑制素蛋白 |
激動素原1 |
激動素原2 |
催乳素 |
ProMBP1 |
前列腺素D2受體 |
前列腺素脫氫酶1 |
前列腺素E受體EP3 |
前列腺細胞表面抗原 |
前列腺特異性抗原 |
前列腺酸性磷酸酶 |
蛋白酶體20S C2 |
蛋白酶體20S α2 |
蛋白酶體20S α3 |
蛋白酶體20S α5 |
蛋白酶體20S α6 |
蛋白酶體20S α7 |
蛋白酶體20Sα1/2/3/5/6/7 |
蛋白A |
蛋白G |
蛋白激酶D2 |
蛋白磷酸酶1β |
蛋白磷酸酶抑制劑1 |
蛋白S |
蛋白酶啟動受體4 |
凝血酶原 |
PSA-NCAM |
PSD95 |
銅綠假單胞菌 |
PSMA |
PSMD14 |
牛皮癬素 |
PTAFR |
PTBP1 |
PTEN |
PTGER2 |
PTGER4 |
PTHLH |
PTK7 |
PTP1B |
PTP4A2 |
PTPS |
PTPμ |
PTRH2 |
PU.1 |
PU60 |
PUMA |
PUMAγ |
Pumilio1 |
Pumilio2 |
PXR |
PYCARD |
Pygopus2 |
Pyk2 |
Pyk2 (pY402) |
丙酮酸脫氫酶E1α |
丙酮酸脫氫酶E2 |
丙酮酸脫氫酶E2/E3bp |
q2 |
Qa1(b) |
Qa2 |
RAB11A |
RAB25 |
RAB27A |
RAB4 |
RAB5a |
RAB9 |
Rac1 |
Rac1/Cdc42 |
RAD17 |
磷酸化RAD17 (Ser645) |
RAD23A |
RAD51 |
RAD54 |
RAD9A |
根蛋白 |
RAE-1γ |
RAE-1δ |
RAF1 |
RAGE |
RAIDD |
虹鱒魚Ig |
RalBP1 |
RanBP9 |
RanGAP1 |
RAP1A/RAP1B |
RAP1GAP |
Raptor |
RARα |
RAS |
RASGAP |
RASGRF1 |
RASSF1A |
Rb |
Rb (a.a. 332-344) |
Rb (pS780) |
Rb (pS807/pS811) |
RbAp46 |
RbAp48 |
RBC |
RBC(多克隆兔) |
RBM35A |
RBP4 |
RBX1 |
RCC1 |
RcRL6 |
紅細胞 |
鬆弛素1 |
鬆弛素1/2 |
鬆弛素2 |
RelB |
RELMβ |
RELT |
腎素 |
RENT1 |
瘦素 |
反義導向分子C |
抵抗素 |
REST |
Ret |
網狀纖維母細胞及網狀纖維 |
內質網蛋白1A |
網狀細胞 |
視網膜母細胞瘤1 |
RFLAT1 |
RFP |
RGS6 |
RGS7 |
RGS9 |
RHEB |
Rho |
RhoA |
RHOC |
RhoGAP |
RhoGDI |
RIAM |
RICTOR |
RIG1 |
RIP1 |
RIP2 |
利妥昔單抗 |
RLA DQ |
RLA DR |
RNA聚合酶II |
RNA聚合酶II CTD重複YSPTSPS |
RNASE-L |
RNASE1 |
RNF144B |
RNF168 |
RNF36 |
RNPEP |
ROCK1 |
ROR1 |
ROR2 |
RORα |
RORγ |
ROS |
RPA32/RPA2 |
RPA70 |
RPS6 |
RSF1 |
RSK1 p90 |
RSK2 |
RSK3 |
RSK4 |
RT1A |
RT1Aa |
RT1Aa,b |
RT1Aa,b,l |
RT1Ac |
RT1Au |
RT1B |
RT6.1 |
RT6.2 |
雷諾定受體 |
RYK |
RyR |
S-Tag |
S100A1 |
S100A10 |
S100A13 |
S100A4 |
S100A6 |
S100A9 |
S100α |
S100α2 |
S100β |
S6 (pS235/pS236) |
S6 (pS240) |
S6 (pS244) |
S6K |
SAA4 |
Sall4 |
A型副傷寒沙門菌 |
鼠傷寒沙門菌 |
鮭魚Ig(H及L鏈) |
鮭魚Ig(H鏈) |
SAM68 |
SAMD2 |
SAP |
SARA |
SATB1 |
SATB2 |
SC5A5 |
SC6A4 |
SCAI |
SCD1 |
混雜酶1 |
SCY1樣3 |
SDF1 |
SDF1α |
SDHA |
SDHB |
分泌組分 |
保全素 |
SELP |
Sema4A |
Sema7A |
SENP1 |
SEPP1 |
SERCA2 |
SerpinB1 |
SerpinB2 |
SerpinB6 |
Sestrin1 |
SFRP2 |
SGK1 |
SHC1 |
鮑氏志賀氏菌(Shigella Boydii) |
SHIP1 |
SHP1 |
SHP2 |
SHP2 (pY542) |
SIAH2 |
SIGIRR |
Siglec-10 |
Siglec-8 |
Siglec-9 |
Siglec-F |
Siglec-H |
SIK2 |
SIRT1 |
SIRT2 |
SIRT3 |
SIRT5 |
SIT1 |
SIX2 |
SKP1A |
SLA-DR |
Slan |
SLC1A3 |
SLC1A7 |
SLC22A1 |
SLC22A5 |
SLC26A6 |
SLC26A7 |
SLC30A4 |
SLC39A11 |
SLC4A3 |
SLC6A19 |
SLC6A6 |
SLC7A10 |
SLC7A14 |
SLC7A3 |
SLC7A8 |
SLC8A2 |
SLC9A6 |
SLP76 |
SLP76 (pY128) |
SM22α |
SMAC |
SMAC3 |
SMAD1 |
SMAD1 (pS463/465) |
SMAD1/5 |
SMAD1/9 |
SMAD2 |
SMAD2/3 (pS465/467)缺失 |
SMAD3 |
SMAD4 |
SMAD5 |
SMAD6 |
SMC1 |
SMC1L1 |
SMN |
平滑肌特異性蛋白 |
SMURF2 |
SNAP25 |
SNX1 |
SOAT1 |
SOCS1 |
SOCS2 |
SOCS3 |
SOCS6 |
SOD2 |
鈉鉀ATP酶 |
音蝟因數 |
分揀蛋白 |
SOSC3 |
SOX1 |
SOX10 |
SOX17 |
SOX18 |
SOX2 |
SOX2(COOH端) |
SOX2(NH2端) |
SOX9 |
SP-D |
Sp1 |
Sp3 |
血影蛋白α1 |
SPHK1 |
Spt16 |
Src (pY418) |
SREBP1 |
ssDNA |
SSEA3 |
SSEA4 |
SSEA5 |
SSH3BP1 |
SSR2 |
SSR5 |
SSRP1 |
SSX2IP |
Stat1 |
Stat1(N端) |
Stat1 (pS727) |
Stat1 (pY701) |
Stat1α |
Stat2 |
Stat3 |
Stat3 (pS727) |
Stat3 (pY705) |
Stat4 |
Stat4 (pY693) |
Stat5 |
Stat5 (pY694) |
Stat5a |
Stat5b |
Stat6 |
Stat6 (pY641) |
磷酸化Stathmin/Op18 (Ser16) |
Stathmin1 |
Stefin B |
幹細胞因數 |
STIM1 |
STK3 |
STK33 |
STK39 |
STOM |
STRO1 |
STUB1 |
SULT1A1 |
SULT1A3/SULT1A4 |
SULT1C2 |
SULT2A1 |
SUMO1 |
SUMO2 |
SUMO3 |
SUN1 |
融合抑制劑 |
SUPT16H |
存活蛋白 |
磷酸化存活蛋白(Thr34) |
SV40大T及小t抗原 |
SWC1a |
SWC6 |
SYBL1 |
Syk |
Syk (pY348) |
突觸蛋白I |
突觸蛋白II |
Synaptojanin2 |
突觸素 |
Syndecan4 |
SynGAP |
Synip |
突觸融合蛋白 |
突觸融合蛋白6 |
Syntrophin |
SYWC |
T細胞(泛反應性) |
T淋巴細胞 |
T及B細胞活化抗原 |
T7標籤 |
TAB1 |
TACE |
TACI |
TAF172 |
TAF250 |
TAG72 |
踝蛋白1 |
踝蛋白2 |
Tamm Horsfall(卵類黏蛋白) |
TANK1 |
TAP1 |
TAP2 |
TARDBP |
TARP |
抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶 |
TAS1R1 |
Tau |
TBA1B |
Tbet |
TBK1 (pS172) |
TBX1 |
TC10 |
TCF3 |
TCF7L1 |
TCF7L2 |
TCL1 |
TCP1α |
TCP1β |
TCR |
TCR DO11.10 |
TCR HY |
TCR Vα11 |
TCR Vα11.1/11.2b,d |
TCR Vα2 |
TCR Vα24 |
TCR Vα24-Jα18 |
TCR Vα3.2 |
TCR Vα3.2b,c |
TCR Vα7.2 |
TCR Vα8 |
TCR Vα8.3 |
TCR Vβ1 |
TCR Vβ10a |
TCR Vβ10b |
TCR Vβ11 |
TCR Vβ12 |
TCR Vβ12b |
TCR Vβ13 |
TCR Vβ13.1 |
TCR Vβ13.2 |
TCR Vβ13.6 |
TCR Vβ14 |
TCR Vβ16 |
TCR Vβ17 |
TCR Vβ17α |
TCR Vβ18 |
TCR Vβ2 |
TCR Vβ20 |
TCR Vβ21.3 |
TCR Vβ22 |
TCR Vβ23 |
TCR Vβ3 |
TCR Vβ4 |
TCR Vβ5 |
TCR Vβ5.1 |
TCR Vβ5.1/5.2 |
TCR Vβ5.2 |
TCR Vβ5.3 |
TCR Vβ6 |
TCR Vβ7 |
TCR Vβ7.1 |
TCR Vβ7.2 |
TCR Vβ8 |
TCR Vβ8.1/8.2 |
TCR Vβ8.2 |
TCR Vβ8.2/8.3 |
TCR Vβ8.2/8.4 |
TCR Vβ8.3 |
TCR Vβ8.5 |
TCR Vβ9 |
TCR Vγ1.1 |
TCR Vγ1.1/γ1.2 |
TCR Vγ2 |
TCR Vγ3 |
TCR Vγ9 |
TCR Vδ1 |
TCR Vδ2 |
TCR Vδ4 |
TCR Vδ6.3/2 |
TCR α |
TCR αβ |
TCR β |
TCR γδ |
TCR ζ |
TCTP |
TdT |
Tec |
TEF1 |
TEM8 |
肌腱蛋白C |
TER119 |
TERF2 |
末端去氧核苷酸轉移酶 |
TERT |
四連蛋白 |
TFF3 |
TFIIB |
TGF-β |
TGF-β1 |
TGF-β3 |
TGF-βR1 |
TGF-βR2 |
TGN38 |
TGN46 |
THAP11 |
THEMIS |
硫氧還蛋白 |
硫氧還蛋白還原酶1 |
ThPOK |
凝血酶受體 |
血栓細胞 |
凝血酶敏感蛋白 |
胸苷激酶1 |
甲狀腺球蛋白 |
TIA-1 |
TIAM2 |
Tie1 |
Tie2 (pY1102) |
Tie2 (pY992) |
磷酸化TIF1β (Ser473) |
TIGIT |
Tim1 |
Tim2 |
Tim3 |
Tim3 Fc融合蛋白 |
Tim4 |
Tim50 |
Timeless |
TIMP1 |
TIMP2 |
TIP49A |
TIRAP |
TIS11b |
TL1A |
TLK1 |
TLR11 |
TLR12 |
CD285 |
TLR7 |
TLR8 |
TMEFF2 |
TMPS2 |
TMSA |
TMTSP |
TNAP |
TNAP3 |
TNF-α |
TNF-β |
TNFR相關蛋白 |
TNPO3 |
Tollip |
TOMM20 |
TOMM22 |
TOP1 |
TOP2A |
TOP2B |
TORC2 |
扭轉蛋白A |
TOX |
TPH1 |
TPPP |
TPTE |
TR11B |
TRA-1-60 |
TRA-1-60R |
TRA-1-81 |
TRA-2-49 |
TRA-2-54 |
TRADD |
TRAF2 |
TRAF4 |
TRAF5 |
TRAF6 |
TRAM2 |
轉鐵蛋白 |
麩胺醯胺轉胺酶 |
麩胺醯胺轉胺酶2 |
轉酮醇酶 |
TRAP1 |
TRAPPC2 |
TRAPα |
Trem樣2 |
Trem樣4 |
TRIB2 |
TRIB3 |
TRIM |
TRIM25 |
TRIM29 |
TRK |
TrkA |
TrkC |
Trop2 |
原肌球蛋白1 |
TROY |
TRPC6 |
TRPM2 |
TRPM8 |
TRX1 |
布氏錐蟲主要溶酶體蛋白 |
布氏錐蟲原細胞週期蛋白(EP) |
剛果錐蟲原細胞週期蛋白 |
枯西氏錐蟲LPG |
磷酸化TSC2 (Ser664) |
磷酸化TSC2 (Thr1462) |
TSG101 |
TSHR |
TSLP |
TSLP受體 |
TSPO |
TTF1 |
Tubb3 |
馬鈴薯球蛋白 |
微管蛋白α |
微管蛋白α1B |
微管蛋白α4a |
微管蛋白α3E |
微管蛋白α8 |
微管蛋白β |
微管蛋白β III類 |
微管蛋白β4 |
微管蛋白γ |
上皮源腫瘤抗原 |
Twist2 |
TXNIP |
TYK2 |
TYMS |
Tyro3 |
酪胺酸酶 |
酪胺酸羥化酶 |
UACA |
UBA52 |
UBC9 |
UBE2 |
UBE2L3 |
UBE2L6 |
UBE2M |
UBE2N |
UBF |
UBF1 |
泛素 |
UBK63 |
UCH37 |
UCK |
UCP2 |
UCP3 |
UFM1 |
ULBP1 |
ULBP2 |
ULBP4 |
ULK3 |
UNC5A |
UNC5B |
UNG |
uPA |
UQCRC1 |
UQCRC2 |
Urm1 |
URP2 |
USF1 |
USP11 |
USP13 |
USP22 |
USP28 |
USP7 |
UTF1 |
V5標籤 |
VAMP5/8 |
VAP1 |
VASA |
VASP |
VAV1 |
VAV2 |
VAV3 |
VDAC1 |
VEGF |
VEGF-120 |
VEGF-A |
VEGF-R1 |
VELIS-3 |
VGLU1 |
絨毛蛋白 |
波形蛋白 |
黏著斑蛋白 |
Viperin |
VIPR1 |
維生素D結合蛋白 |
維生素D受體 |
玻連蛋白 |
VMAT2 |
vMyb/cMyb |
血管性血友病因數 |
VRK1 |
VSV-G標籤 |
WAPL |
WASP |
WC14 |
WC15 |
wCD44 |
WIP (pS488) |
WNT1 |
WNT16 |
WNT2 |
WNT5B |
WNT6 |
WSTF |
WWOX |
黃嘌呤氧化酶 |
XBP1 |
XBP1(COOH端) |
XBPs |
XCL1 |
XIAP |
XPC |
XPNPEP3 |
XRCC2 |
XTP4 |
YAP1 |
YB1 |
YES1 |
YY1 |
ZAP-70 |
ZAP-70 (pY292) |
ZAP-70 (pY319) |
ZAP-70 (pY319)/Syk (pY352) |
ZBP-1 |
ZIPK |
ZO-1(中) |
ZONAB(中) |
Zyxin |
IL-33R |
Globo H |
CCL8 |
Siglec-G |
CD307e |
CLEC6 |
Snail1 |
SMAD1 (pS463/pS465)/SMAD8 (pS465/pS467) |
SMAD2 (pS465/pS467)/SMAD3 (pS423/pS425) |
GSK-3β (pY216) |
NKX6.1 |
FAK (pY397) |
Btk (pY223)/Itk (pY180) |
ERK3 |
CD276β |
MCP-3 |
FcµR |
CD238 |
β2微球蛋白[b,c] |
核幹細胞因數 |
GPR-49(中心LRR) |
GPR-49(N端) |
磷脂酶C β4 |
coilin |
HNF1β |
三硝基苯酚 |
膜聯蛋白VII |
CD301a |
CD301b |
mTOR (pS2448) |
PI16 |
MSC (W5C5) |
LAMP5 |
GPR-19 |
FPRL2 |
CXCL5 |
PAR2 |
PDGF-Rα |
ULBP6 |
ULBP2/5/6 |
IL-17B受體 |
ULBP3 |
精胺酸酶1 |
鹼性磷酸酶 |
ULBP3 |
TrkB |
骨鈣素 |
IL-22Rα1 |
APJ |
IFN-α/β受體亞基2 |
FGFR3 |
SR-A1 |
Rae-1(全) |
CXCL12 |
TREM2 |
Brachyury |
CLEC5A |
整合素α7 |
Mer |
XCR1 |
AML2 |
血管性血友病因數A2 |
MMP7 |
GLP-1R |
FR1 |
IL-1RAcP |
緊密連接蛋白-6 |
瘦素受體 |
鈣黏蛋白6 |
IL-1R II型 |
連接蛋白4 |
δ樣蛋白3 |
ChemR23 |
GPR-39 |
CD158b2 |
IL-10Rα |
LRIG1 |
神經纖毛蛋白2 |
IL-10Rβ |
IL-18Rβ |
GPR-44 |
Eph受體B2 |
磷脂醯肌醇聚糖3 |
IFN-γR2 |
IL-17C受體 |
BMPR1B |
IL-31RA |
OCIL |
Frizzled-7 |
IL-26 |
GPR-15 |
叢蛋白D1 |
CD158 |
FPR1 |
HBEGF |
維生素D3 |
叢蛋白B1 |
生長抑素受體2 |
OV-6 |
CXCL16 |
Siglec-E |
EDG5 |
Ninjurin-1 |
整合素α9 |
MHC II類(I-Ed/j/k/p/r/u/v) |
ThB |
MAP-2(2a及2b) |
IgM μ鏈 |
MHC I類(H-2b/p) |
MHC I類(H-2s/p/q/d/u/r) |
MHC I類(H-2s/f) |
CDw60 |
磷酸化Bad (Ser112) |
裂解的胱天蛋白酶3 (Asp175) |
磷酸化Chk1 (Ser345) |
磷酸化Chk2 (Thr68) |
磷酸化細胞週期蛋白D1 (Thr286) |
磷酸化cFos (Ser32) |
FosB |
GSK-3β (pSer9) |
乙醯化組蛋白H3 (Lys9) |
磷酸化HS1 (Tyr397) |
磷酸化Hsp27 (Ser82) |
ID3 |
CD221β |
磷酸化IRAK4 (Thr345/Ser346) |
磷酸化cJun (Ser73) |
S6 (pS240/pS244) |
Syk (pY525/pY526) |
C23 |
血紅蛋白β |
CD221α |
p27 |
磷酸化cJun (Ser63) |
PPARγ |
ENPP1 |
PILRα |
PILRβ |
Twist1 |
鈣黏蛋白M |
CD302 |
CD66d |
CLEC14A |
CD242 |
配體蛋白聚糖2 |
IL-32α |
CDO |
Cryptic |
內皮素B受體 |
FR3 |
IGSF3 |
CD85f |
蛋白裂解酶 |
MCEMP1 |
mGluR4 |
穩定素1 |
穩定素2 |
鈣黏蛋白13 |
GPR-109A |
TSPAN8 |
Reg1A |
鈣黏蛋白12 |
ECE1 |
FABP5 |
IGSF4C |
Trem樣1 |
啟動素A受體IIA型 |
ALK7 |
BCAM |
BLAME |
CEACAM4 |
緊密連接蛋白-3 |
CLP24 |
CRHR1 |
DC-STAMP |
Eph受體B3 |
FATP4 |
FcRL1 |
FcRL2 |
FcRL3 |
FSH-R |
Gi24 |
組織胺H1受體 |
Neu5Gc |
Lin28A |
IL-33Rα |
ATM (pSer1981) |
整合素α8 |
整合素β7 |
整合素β8 |
CD158k |
KOR |
CD85i |
LRIG3 |
LRP4 |
MMP16 |
MS4A4A |
NAALAD酶樣2 |
神經肽Y受體1型 |
制癌蛋白M受體β |
MS4A3 |
PEAR1 |
PEDF受體 |
叢蛋白A4 |
原鈣黏蛋白1 |
ROBO2 |
ROBO4 |
EDG8 |
清道夫受體A5 |
腦信號蛋白4A |
腦信號蛋白4B |
腦信號蛋白6A |
Siglec-16 |
生長抑素受體3 |
STING |
GPBAR1 |
TM4SF4 |
TMEM87A |
TSPAN2 |
VEGF-R1,2,3 |
ADAM15 |
鈣網蛋白2 |
補體因數H相關4 |
CXCL6 |
CD158a/h/b2/f/g |
結合至I-Ab之Ea52-68肽 |
HLA-Bw4 |
磷酸化ATF1 (Ser63) |
表皮調節素 |
FATP1 |
纖調蛋白聚糖 |
弗林蛋白酶 |
甘丙肽 |
IL-11 |
CD306 |
MFG-E8 |
MINA |
Oct4A |
OLIG1,2,3 |
制癌蛋白M |
腦信號蛋白3E |
Slug |
SOX3 |
STYK1 |
LTBP1 |
TIMP3 |
VAP-B |
WNT9a |
5HT2C |
AATK |
ACLP |
ADAMTS15 |
α1B腎上腺素受體 |
APLP1 |
螢光素/俄勒岡綠 |
RXR-β |
L3MBTL3 |
CCL1 |
PRDM4 |
ACTH |
PDZ結合激酶 |
HuC/HuD神經元蛋白 |
TDRD3 |
EP300 |
碳酸酐酶VI |
縮膽囊素A受體 |
CCL23 |
CD1e |
軟骨凝集蛋白 |
脊索素樣2 |
緊密連接蛋白-10b |
緊密連接蛋白-11 |
緊密連接蛋白-12 |
緊密連接蛋白-17 |
CLEC2A |
凝血因數VII |
CXCL1/2/3 |
DDR2 |
DPCR1 |
二肽基肽酶6 |
上皮細胞膜蛋白3 |
四聚糖 |
鈣粒蛋白C |
FATP2 |
FATP5 |
FcRLB |
GLP-2R |
GLUT3 |
磷脂醯肌醇聚糖6 |
GPR-22 |
GPR-37 |
GPR-37L1 |
INSRR |
LINGO1 |
LINGO2 |
mGluR2 |
mGluR7 |
MMP25 |
神經介素B受體 |
NRAGE |
骨啟動素 |
Porimin |
原動蛋白受體1 |
Prominin2 |
腦信號蛋白3A |
SLAP-130 |
生長抑素受體5 |
SCARF1 |
STAMP2 |
TAFA3 |
TAFA4 |
TM4SF18 |
結節性硬化症1 |
TCF8 |
CMG2 |
IL-17D受體 |
巨噬細胞刺激蛋白受體 |
Siglec-11 |
配體蛋白聚糖3 |
TGF-βR3 |
CD85e |
SOX7 |
啟動素A受體IA型 |
碳水化合物磺基轉移酶15 |
CD300b |
CELSR3 |
凝血因數II |
DC-SCRIPT |
DSCAM-L1 |
FLRT1 |
Frizzled-6 |
磷脂醯肌醇聚糖1 |
IGSF4B |
IL-1R9 |
BAZ2B |
BRD4 |
Kell |
Kremen2 |
LAX1 |
CD85c |
MIF |
腦啡肽酶2 |
OBCAM |
叢蛋白C1 |
RGM-B |
Wilms’腫瘤蛋白1 |
Xg |
DCBLD2 |
ASAM |
橋粒糖蛋白1 |
Frizzled-3 |
MMP24 |
TOR |
WNT3a |
磷脂醯肌醇聚糖5 |
Jagged1/Jagged2 |
Pax3 |
CELSR2 |
細胞週期蛋白D1/D2 |
叢蛋白A2 |
TAFA5 |
FR4 |
CD315 |
NKG2I |
RAMP2 |
TNFRH3 |
生物素 |
GPVI |
MS4A4B |
PIR-B |
腦信號蛋白4F |
IL-1F6 |
CD39L3 |
接觸蛋白3 |
CLEC4B |
MC3R |
PGRP-L |
PLET1 |
ADAM9 |
AMIGO3 |
CD99-L2 |
Eph受體A5 |
蝶素B2 |
CD316 |
Kremen1 |
Eph受體B1 |
叢蛋白B3 |
DMBT1 |
FcRn |
LIMPII |
MUCDHL |
Patched1 |
SLC39A4 |
IGSF4A |
PRAT4B |
HHV8-ORF74 |
磷酸化4E-BP1 (Thr36/45) |
磷酸化4E-BP1 (Thr69) |
DCAR1 |
Von Hippel-Lindau |
同型對照 |
顆粒酶M |
REA同型對照 |
CD300LG |
MR1 |
CD327 |
B7-H6 |
CLEC4G |
BATF3 |
IL-38 |
單羧酸轉運蛋白1 |
MC5R |
TCF7 |
TM4SF1 |
GPR-49(CRL區) |
CD156a |
ADAM33 |
ADAMTS13 |
CCL16 |
CXCL17 |
Deltex1 |
FBXO15 |
GPR34 |
GPRC5A |
胰島素原 |
JAK1 |
MEP1A |
下丘腦分泌素受體2 |
p70S6K |
RAE-1ε |
STRA6 |
FcγRIIA |
胰島素R/IGF-I R異型四聚體 |
SPARCL1 |
Spi-B |
TRAM |
羧基肽酶E |
胰島細胞自體抗原1 |
Patched2 |
ST8SIA2 |
AML1 (pS249) |
AMPKβ1 (pS182) |
BRF1/2 |
磷酸化組蛋白H3 (Thr11) |
MEK1 (pT286) |
MMP16 |
磷酸化MNK (T197/T202) |
NUMB |
磷酸化Hsp27 (Ser78) |
PKCθ (pT538) |
SIRT1 (pS47) |
ZAP-70 (pY493) |
ZAP-70 (pY315/pY319) |
sRAGE |
mCherry |
PI 3激酶調節亞基α |
TIMP4 |
SRC |
ZAP-70 (pT493) |
磷酸化TSC2 (S939) |
RagC |
SHIP2 |
MKK4 (pS257) |
CD79a (pY182) |
TRAF1 |
EVI1 |
SRC3 |
SOX11 |
IL-17F同型二聚體 |
CCRL1 |
FOXP2 |
IFNAR2 |
REA對照 |
CD228 |
Muc-13 |
P2X7R |
Btk (pY223/Itk (pY180) |
CD248 |
GILT |
恢復蛋白 |
心肌肌鈣蛋白I |
PTF1α |
NKX2.2 |
HLA-B7/B27 |
肌球蛋白輕鏈2a |
肌球蛋白輕鏈2v |
上皮抗原 |
CD79αcy |
CD92 |
在一個實施方案中,使用複數個水凝膠粒子來確定靶細胞群體上之特定細胞表面標誌物或其組合之偵測的動態範圍及/或靈敏度。舉例而言,可調節水凝膠粒子群體以具有靶細胞之SSC及/或FSC概況,並且用特定複本數目之細胞表面標誌物(例如,細胞表面受體或其結構域,例如,其抗原決定基結合區域)衍生化水凝膠粒子之子群體。舉例而言,水凝膠粒子之個別子群體各自可衍生化以具有獨特數目之複本,例如,一個子群體將含有100個複本之細胞表面標誌物,第二子群體將含有1,000個複本之相同細胞表面標誌物,第三子群體將含有10,000個複本之相同細胞表面標誌物等。水凝膠粒子群體針對相應的細胞表面標誌物進行螢光染色並且對於每個子群體中之水凝膠粒子偵測螢光。就此而言,水凝膠粒子之子群體可用於對於具有相應細胞標誌物之靶細胞產生螢光發射之標準曲線。該細胞表面標誌物可為本文提供之任何細胞表面標誌物,或其結合區域,或一般技術者已知之細胞表面標誌物。
本揭示案之水凝膠粒子與諸如染色及藉由流式細胞術或FACS進行分析之程序中的靶細胞行為類似。舉例而言,在一個實施方案中,水凝膠粒子具有與表1、表2或表3中闡述之細胞類型之一實質上相似的一種或多種光學特性。
在一些實施方案中,靶細胞為免疫細胞。免疫細胞之非限制性實例包括B淋巴細胞(亦稱為B細胞)、T淋巴細胞(亦稱為T細胞)、自然殺手(NK)細胞、淋巴因數啟動殺手(LAK)細胞、單核細胞、巨噬細胞、嗜中性粒細胞、粒細胞、肥大細胞、血小板、朗格漢斯細胞、幹細胞、樹突狀細胞、外周血單核細胞、腫瘤浸潤(TIL)細胞、基因修飾免疫細胞(包括融合瘤)、藥物修飾免疫細胞,及本文列出之任何細胞類型之衍生物、前驅體或祖細胞。
在一些實施方案中,靶細胞涵蓋具有共用特性之特定類別細胞之任何細胞。舉例而言,靶細胞可為淋巴細胞,包括NK細胞、T細胞及B細胞。靶細胞可為活化淋巴細胞。
在一些實施方案中,靶細胞為原代細胞、培養細胞、已建立細胞、正常細胞、轉化細胞、感染細胞、穩定轉染細胞、短暫轉染細胞、增殖細胞或終末分化細胞。
在一個實施方案中,靶細胞為原代神經元細胞。多種神經元可為靶細胞。作為非限制性實例,靶細胞可為原代神經元;建立神經元;轉化神經元;穩定轉染神經元;或運動或感覺神經元。
在其他實施方案中,靶細胞選自由以下組成之群:原代淋巴細胞、單核細胞及粒細胞。
靶細胞可為幾乎任何類型之細胞,包括原核及真核細胞。
合適的原核靶細胞包括(但不限於)細菌諸如大腸桿菌、各種芽孢桿菌屬物種,及極端微生物細菌諸如嗜熱菌。
合適的真核靶細胞包括(但不限於)真菌諸如酵母及絲狀真菌,包括釀酒酵母屬、麯黴屬、木黴屬及脈孢菌屬物種;植物細胞,包括玉米、高粱、煙草、芸苔、大豆、棉花、番茄、馬鈴薯、苜蓿、向日葵等之細胞;及動物細胞,包括魚類、鳥類及哺乳動物。合適的魚類細胞包括(但不限於)來自鮭魚、鱒魚、羅非魚、金槍魚、鯉魚、比目魚、大比目魚、劍魚、鱈魚及斑馬魚物種之細胞。合適的鳥類細胞包括(但不限於)雞、鴨、鵪鶉、野雞及火雞以及其他原雞或獵鳥之細胞。合適的哺乳動物細胞包括(但不限於)來自馬、牛、水牛、鹿、綿羊、兔、齧齒動物諸如小鼠、大鼠、倉鼠及豚鼠、山羊、豬、靈長類動物、海洋哺乳動物包括海豚及鯨之細胞,以及諸如任何組織或幹細胞類型之人類細胞株之細胞株,及包括多能及非多能之幹細胞,及非人類接合子。
合適的細胞亦包括多種疾病病狀中所涉及之彼等細胞類型,即使在非患病狀態下。因此,合適的真核細胞類型包括(但不限於)所有類型之腫瘤細胞(例如,黑素瘤、骨髓性白血病、肺癌、乳房癌、卵巢癌、結腸癌、腎癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌及睾丸癌)、心肌細胞、樹突狀細胞、內皮細胞、上皮細胞、淋巴細胞(T細胞及B細胞)、肥大細胞、嗜酸性粒細胞、血管內膜細胞、巨噬細胞、自然殺手細胞、紅細胞、肝細胞、包括單核白細胞之白細胞、幹細胞諸如造血、神經、皮膚、肺、腎、肝及肌細胞幹細胞(用於篩選分化及去分化因數)、破骨細胞、軟骨細胞及其他結締組織細胞、角化細胞、黑素細胞、肝細胞、腎細胞及脂肪細胞。在某些實施方案中,該等細胞為原發疾病狀態細胞,諸如原發性腫瘤細胞。合適的細胞亦包括已知的研究細胞,包括(但不限於)Jurkat T細胞、NIH3T3細胞、CHO、COS等。參見特此以引用之方式明確併入之ATCC細胞株目錄。
在一些實施方案中,靶細胞為腫瘤微泡或腫瘤大空泡。腫瘤微泡,亦稱為腫瘤分泌微泡或腫瘤分泌外來體,可見於迴圈血液中並且可具有免疫抑制活性。腫瘤微泡之直徑尺寸通常為30-200 nm之範圍。較大腫瘤微泡可稱為腫瘤大空泡,並且直徑尺寸可為3-10 µm之範圍內。
本文所述之水凝膠粒子可用於一般技術者已知之任何流式細胞儀中。舉例而言,下表9中提供之一種或多種流式細胞儀可用於本文所述之水凝膠及檢定。
實施例
表 9. 用於本文所述實施方案之儀器 | |
儀器 | 製造商 |
MACSQuant® 分析儀10 | Miltenyi |
MACSQuant® VYB | Miltenyi |
BD FACSCalibur™ | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSCanto™高通量採樣器 | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSCanto II | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSCanto™ | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSCount™ | BD Biosciences |
BD Accuri™ C6 | BD Biosciences |
BD LSRFortessa™ X-20 | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSCanto™ II | BD Biosciences |
BD LSR II | BD Biosciences |
BD LSRFortessa™ | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSVerse™ | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSAria™融合 | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSAria™ | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSAria™ III | BD Biosciences |
BD FACSJazz™ | BD Biosciences |
BD Influx™ | BD Biosciences |
Fortessa X50. | BD Biosciences |
FlowSight流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
Guava easyCyte 6-2L Benchtop流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
guava easyCyte 5HT Benchtop流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
guava easyCyte 8 Benchtop流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
guava easyCyte 5 Benchtop流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
guava easyCyte 8HT Benchtop流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
guava easyCyte 6HT-2L Benchtop流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
ImageStreamX Mark II成像流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
Muse細胞分析儀 | Millipore |
guava easyCyte 12HT Benchtop流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
guava easyCyte 12 Benchtop流式細胞儀 | Millipore |
S3e™細胞分選儀 | Bio-Rad |
S3™細胞分選儀 | Bio-Rad |
Avalon細胞分選儀 | Bio-Rad / Propel Labs |
CytoFLEX | Beckman Coulter |
FP 1000細胞製備系統 | Beckman Coulter |
Vi-CELL® XR細胞活力分析儀 | Beckman Coulter |
FC 500系列 | Beckman Coulter |
MoFlo® Astrios™ | Beckman Coulter |
Coulter Epics XL™及XL-MCL™ | Beckman Coulter |
Gallios™ | Beckman Coulter |
CyAn™ ADP分析儀 | Beckman Coulter |
Attune™聲聚集細胞分析儀 | Life Technologies |
Attune® NxT聲聚集細胞分析儀 EVOS Countess II FL | Life Technologies Life Technologies Life Technologies |
EC800細胞分析儀 | Sony |
SH800細胞分選儀 | Sony |
SP6800光譜分析儀 | Sony |
SY3200細胞分選儀 | Sony |
A50-Micro' | Apogee Flow Systems |
A50-Universal | Apogee Flow Systems |
Auto40 | Apogee Flow Systems |
FlowSight | Amnis |
ImageStreamX Mark II | Amnis |
JSAN | Bay Bioscience |
CytoSense | CytoBuoy |
CytoSub | CytoBuoy |
CytoSense | CytoBuoy |
CytoBuoy | CytoBuoy |
Cytonome Viva™ G1 | CYTONOME |
GigaSort™ | CYTONOME |
Hydris | CYTONOME |
Agilent 2100生物分析儀 | Agilent Technologies |
NovoCyte | ACEA Biosciences |
CyFlow® Space | Partec technology |
CyFlow® Cube 8 | Partec technology |
CyFlow® Cube 6 | Partec technology |
CyFlow® Ploidy分析儀 | Partec technology |
CyFlow®計數器 | Partec technology |
CyFlow® miniPOC | Partec technology |
CyFlow® SL | Partec technology |
CyFlow®分選儀 | Partec technology |
CyFlow® CCA | Partec technology |
CyFlow®分析儀 | Partec technology |
NucleoCounter® NC-3000™ | Chemometec |
NucleoCounter® NC-250™ | Chemometec |
NucleoCounter® NC-200™ -高精度細胞計數器 | Chemometec |
HPC-100攜帶型流式細胞儀 | Cronus Technologies Ltd |
Cytell細胞成像系統 | GE Healthcare |
MAGPIX | Luminex |
Luminex® 100/200™系統 | Luminex |
FLEXMAP 3D® | Luminex |
ImageXpress® Velos鐳射掃描細胞儀 | molecular devices |
ClonePix™ 2 | molecular devices |
SpectraMax® i3 | molecular devices |
AQ1離散分析儀 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
AQ2離散分析儀 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
AQ400離散分析儀 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
AQUA 900 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
AA3 HR自動分析儀 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
AA1自動分析儀 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
QuAAtro39 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
Infralyzer 2000 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
Technicon自動分析儀II (AAII) | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
Technicon / Bran+Luebbe TrAAcs 800 -2000 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
Bran+Luebbe FIA分析儀 | SEAL Analytical Ltd. |
BioSorter® Large粒子流式細胞儀 | Union Biometrica, Inc. |
COPAS™大粒子流式細胞儀 Cellometer微型細胞計數器 Cellometer Auto T4細胞活力計數器 Cellometer Auto X4細胞活力計數器 Cellometer Auto 1000細胞活力計數器 Cellometer Auto 2000細胞活力計數器 | Union Biometrica, Inc. Nexcelom Nexcelom Nexcelom Nexcelom Nexcelom |
Cellometer Vision CBA | Nexcelom |
Celigo S | Nexcelom |
NovoCyte™ 1000 NovoCyte™ 2000 NovoCyte™ 2060 NovoCyte™ 3000 HPC-100 S1000EXi SE520Xi Sysmex® DI-60 CellaVision® DM96 CellaVision® DM1200 Cytation EasyCell Assistant IN細胞分析儀 | ACEA ACEA ACEA ACEA Handyem Stratedigm Stratedigm Sysmex Sysmex Sysmex BioTek Medica GE Healthcare |
Fluorish 清單 | |
Big Blue | BD Biosciences |
Kermit | Miltenyi |
ac6 | BD Biosciences |
srDAs | BD Biosciences |
a | BD Biosciences |
FACSCanto II Immunology | BD Biosciences |
Test Cyt | Millipore |
milt | Miltenyi |
ac | BD Biosciences |
ietest | BD Biosciences |
Curiel's Aria | BD Biosciences |
Attune®聲聚集細胞分析儀藍/紫 | Life Technologies |
Medawar LSRII | BD Biosciences |
Medawar Calibur | BD Biosciences |
FACSAria INER | BD Biosciences |
Attune R/A | Life Technologies |
Fortessa | BD Biosciences |
Aria | BD Biosciences |
SORTER | BD Biosciences |
Cyan | Beckman Coulter |
LSR II | BD Biosciences |
ARIA | BD Biosciences |
Canto II | BD Biosciences |
F09 -LSR Fortessa 1 | BD Biosciences |
"The Hoff" | BD Biosciences |
6th Floor Hess Fortessa A | BD Biosciences |
Cerebro BDFACSAriaII | BD Biosciences |
Mystique BDFACSArialII | BD Biosciences |
Godzilla BDFACSAriaII | BD Biosciences |
Wolverine BDFACSAriaII | BD Biosciences |
Megatron BDFACSAriaII | BD Biosciences |
Megatron BDFACSAriaII | BD Biosciences |
Fortessa B | BD Biosciences |
6色Canto II | BD Biosciences |
10色LSR II | BD Biosciences |
4雷射13色Influx分選儀 | BD Biosciences |
14色X20 | BD Biosciences |
SORP | BD Biosciences |
FACSAria INER | BD Biosciences |
LSR561 | BD Biosciences |
Fortessa FCF UZH | BD Biosciences |
LSR 2 B | BD Biosciences |
LSRII-C | BD Biosciences |
Cal 3 | BD Biosciences |
Aria II A | BD Biosciences |
LSR 16 | BD Biosciences |
LSB Fortessa | BD Biosciences |
IMMUN LSRII | BD Biosciences |
IRC | BD Biosciences |
UV LSR | BD Biosciences |
5 Laser Aria | BD Biosciences |
Curiel's LSR II | BD Biosciences |
LSR Fortessa | BD Biosciences |
Mauzeroll Aria | BD Biosciences |
Frenette | BD Biosciences |
Fallon | Beckman Coulter |
Galios | Beckman Coulter |
LSRIIFortessa | BD Biosciences |
FACSCanto II CLSB | BD Biosciences |
LSR II SC | BD Biosciences |
UNCA Fortessa | BD Biosciences |
VERSE | BD Biosciences |
ARIAII | BD Biosciences |
ARIAIII | BD Biosciences |
F09 -BD LSRFortessa | BD Biosciences |
HMRI FACSCanto II A | BD Biosciences |
HMRI FACSCantoII B (HTS) | BD Biosciences |
HMRI Aria III | BD Biosciences |
L2 | BD Biosciences |
UoN Canto | BD Biosciences |
LSRII M902 | BD Biosciences |
Fortessa 1 | BD Biosciences |
F05 -FACSAria | BD Biosciences |
F02 -FACSAria III | BD Biosciences |
F10 -BD FACSAria III | BD Biosciences |
F03 -Guava | Millipore |
Aria藍11色 | BD Biosciences |
Aria紅 | BD Biosciences |
Aria橙 | BD Biosciences |
Aria青 | BD Biosciences |
Aria Emerald | BD Biosciences |
Aria Silver BSL3 | BD Biosciences |
LSR Fortessa | BD Biosciences |
LSR II Bldg 4 | BD Biosciences |
LSR Fortessa bldg 4 | BD Biosciences |
CANTO II Bldg 50 | BD Biosciences |
4 Laser LSR II | BD Biosciences |
5 Laser LSR II | BD Biosciences |
FACSArray BL-2 | BD Biosciences |
FACSCalibur | BD Biosciences |
DUAL,用於長期研究 | BD Biosciences |
MoFlo 1095,僅生產 | Beckman Coulter |
BL-2 FACSAria III分選儀 | BD Biosciences |
Astrios BL-2分選儀 | Beckman Coulter |
Tessy | BD Biosciences |
LSR II-1 | BD Biosciences |
Fortessa | BD Biosciences |
4雷射AriaIII | BD Biosciences |
LSRFortessa | BD Biosciences |
UoN FACSAria II細胞分選儀 | BD Biosciences |
Door | Beckman Coulter |
Fortessa | BD Biosciences |
WCI -FACSAria I | BD Biosciences |
LSRII Karp8 | BD Biosciences |
Karp 8 | BD Biosciences |
Canto | BD Biosciences |
Aria分選儀 | BD Biosciences |
DI lab | BD Biosciences |
DI FACSAria | BD Biosciences |
Constance | BD Biosciences |
DI FACSAria III | BD Biosciences |
WCI_FACS Canto | BD Biosciences |
MACSQuant 10 | Miltenyi |
VAMC Memphis LSR | BD Biosciences |
VAMC Memphis S3 | Bio-Rad |
ARIA INER | BD Biosciences |
Uhura | BD Biosciences |
Kirk | BD Biosciences |
Data | Millipore |
Spock | BD Biosciences |
McCoy | BD Biosciences |
藉由參考以下實施例來進一步說明本發明。然而,應注意到,此等實施例,與上述實施方案一樣,具說明性,而不應理解為以任何方式限制本發明之範疇。實施例 1 :水凝膠粒子之產生
用於UV微影之光罩係採購自CADart Services Inc.並且使用AutoCad (AutoDesk, Inc.)進行設計。使用准直UV光源(OAI, Inc.)使SU-8光阻(Microchem, Inc.)在4''矽晶圓上光交聯以產生用於微流體裝置製造之母版。使用關於軟微影及微流體裝置製造之標準公開方法(參見McDonald JC等, 2000, Electrophoresis 21 :27-40)製備並形成PDMS(聚二甲基矽氧烷,Sigma Aldrich, Inc.)。
使用流動聚焦幾何形成微滴,其中兩個油通道聚焦單體水溶液之中心流以中斷油包水乳液中之微滴。使用氟碳油(Novec 7500 3M, Inc.)作為用於微滴形成之外部連續相液體。為了在聚合之前穩定化微滴,向油相中添加0.5% w/w之界面活性劑(Krytox 157 FSH之甲酸銨鹽,Dupont)。為了製造鹼性聚丙烯醯胺凝膠粒子,使用含有N-丙烯醯胺(1-20% w/v)、交聯劑(N,N'-雙丙烯醯胺,0.05-1% w/v)、促進劑及過硫酸銨(1% w/v)之單體水溶液之中心相。向油相中添加促進劑(N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(2%體積%))以在微滴形成後觸發水凝膠粒子聚合。
向基礎凝膠製劑中添加若干共聚單體以增添功能性。烯丙胺提供第一胺基以用於在凝膠形成後進行次要標記。藉由添加共聚單體丙烯酸烯丙酯及甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯來調整凝膠折射率而調節前向散射。藉由在聚合之前向中心水相添加二氧化矽奈米粒子及/或PMMA(聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯))粒子(約100 nm)之膠體懸浮液來調節微滴之側向散射。
藉由利用含有化學上互不相關側基(胺、羧基、順丁烯二醯亞胺、環氧化物、炔等)之共聚單體進行次要標記來達成水凝膠粒子之化學計量倍增。
微滴以5 kHz之平均速率形成並收集於氟碳油相中。聚合在50℃下持續30分鐘完成,並且將所得水凝膠粒子自油洗入水溶液中。實施例 2 : 12 11m 水凝膠粒子之產生及觀察
使含有5%丙烯醯胺、0.25%雙丙烯醯胺、0.05%烯丙胺及0.1%過硫酸銨之水流過中心通道並藉由含有0.1% TEMED之油經過10微米噴嘴聚焦以產生10 µm水凝膠粒子,如圖3A中所示。在聚合後,如圖3B中所示,在水中洗滌粒子,並結合至所關注之染料。如圖3C中所示,利用螢光顯微鏡觀察螢光水凝膠粒子。實施例 3 :水凝膠粒子光學特性之多維調節
如圖4中所描繪,在多個維度上調節水凝膠粒子以匹配不同於聚苯乙烯珠粒之特定細胞類型。使用光學參數諸如FSC及SSC(圖4A)或次要標誌物之組合將細胞去卷積。調節水凝膠粒子以匹配不同於聚苯乙烯珠粒(棕色)之特定細胞類型之SSC及FSC,其在尺寸(FSC)及側向散射中受限(圖4B)。利用化學計量調節比率之特定化學側基及次要標記將水凝膠粒子進一步官能化,從而允許細胞類型精確匹配而不產生如固定細胞株一樣之生物雜訊(圖4C)。實施例 4 :流式細胞儀延遲時間隨水凝膠粒子直徑之變化
如圖5中所示,流式細胞儀之液滴間延遲可與水凝膠粒子直徑精確相關。示出使用70及100 µm之流式細胞儀噴嘴尺寸獲得的3、6、10、32及50 µm直徑之水凝膠粒子之資料。實施例 5 :具有囊封 DNA 之水凝膠粒子與細胞之比較
為了形成具有囊封DNA之水凝膠粒子,將40 µg/mL-1000 µg/mL之重構小牛胸腺DNA添加至於水中含有20% 19:1(丙烯醯胺:雙丙烯醯胺)及0.1%烯丙胺之聚合物混合物中。在微滴形成之前向混合物中添加0.4%過硫酸銨。如實施例1中所述形成水凝膠粒子。具有200 µg/mL囊封小牛胸腺DNA之水凝膠粒子使用碘化丙啶顯示細胞樣染色,如使用市售成像細胞儀所觀察,並且與使用相同程序染色之中國倉鼠卵巢細胞進行比較。使用Nexcelom Cellometer™獲得圖像(圖6)。
將自口腔拭子獲得之細胞在PBS中洗滌並用碘化丙啶染色。並行地,亦以相同方式將含有多種DNA濃度之水凝膠粒子群體染色。利用流式細胞儀(488/590 nm激發/發射)分析細胞及粒子懸浮液。頰細胞及相同範圍之囊封DNA粒子之流式細胞術分析表明,該等粒子顯示多種細胞樣螢光特性(圖7,左圖)。染色強度示出與中值強度之線性相關性,如藉由流式細胞術所量測(圖7,右圖)。實施例 6 :水凝膠粒子側向散射之調節
向聚合物混合物之水性部分中添加12.5%、6.25%、3.125%及0%之膠體二氧化矽並且如實施例1中所述形成水凝膠粒子。使用流式細胞儀獲得正向及側向散射資料。結果表明,側向散射信號(圖8,左圖)隨著較高百分比之囊封奈米粒子增加,而前向散射(圖8,右圖)大致保持不變,表明側向散射及前向散射之獨立調節。實施例 7 :水凝膠粒子前向散射之調節
在此實驗中,水凝膠組合物中之丙烯醯胺:雙丙烯醯胺之百分比在10%與40%之間改變以調節如在流式細胞儀中藉由前向散射所量測之水凝膠粒子之折射率。如圖9中所示,前向散射隨著作為水之一部分之丙烯醯胺:雙丙烯醯胺的百分比增加而增加。實施例 8 :水凝膠粒子光學特性之調節
調節水凝膠粒子以匹配所需細胞亞型之光學特性的實施例。共聚/單體可與奈米粒子組合以調節在流式細胞儀中使用無源光學量測之水凝膠之正向及側向散射特性。藉由組合此等特性與化學上不穩定之共聚單體(例如烯丙胺、丙烯酸),可添加額外之螢光團/蛋白質/生物側基並進行標記(若需要時)以匹配除散射特性之外的細胞子群體染色。此等為使用流式細胞術鑒定細胞之三種主要指標。其他側基(諸如含有重金屬之彼等)例如可用於Cy-TOF(細胞計量術,飛行時間質譜)校準。最後,可囊封生物相容性材料以模擬亞細胞器染色。實施例 9 :水凝膠粒子 光學特性之調節
將50 nm奈米粒子膠體懸浮液併入水凝膠基質中以模擬淋巴細胞及單核細胞之光學特性(圖13A及圖13B)。改變懸浮液之組成百分比以匹配來自血液樣品對照(Streck)之血細胞子群體(圖13C)。
特定言之,調節水凝膠粒子之丙烯醯胺單體濃度(0.7-0.8 M)以增加該等粒子之前向散射以匹配血細胞子群體。亦可改變雙丙烯醯胺交聯劑之百分比以影響前向散射(1-5%)。二氧化矽奈米粒子在組合物中以5%或10%使用以調節側向散射。此實驗之結果示於圖13中。
* * * * * * * *
在整個本申請案中引用之所有文獻、專利、專利申請案、公開案、產品描述及方案出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
本說明書中說明及討論之實施方案僅意欲向熟習此項技術者教示本發明人製造並使用本發明之已知最佳方式。如熟習此項技術者鑒於上述教示所理解,本發明之上述實施方案之修改及變化在不悖離本發明之情況下為可能的。因此,應理解,在申請專利範圍及其等效物之範疇內,可以不同於特定描述之其他方式來實施本發明。
圖1示出所揭示之水凝膠粒子相比於聚苯乙烯珠粒之光學特性;
圖2描繪製造本揭示案之標記水凝膠粒子之方法;
圖3提供本揭示案之標記水凝膠粒子之明場及螢光圖像;及
圖4示出本揭示案之水凝膠粒子作為顯示多種光學散射特性之細胞類型之校準劑的用途。
圖5提供示出流式細胞儀之液滴間延遲與水凝膠粒子直徑之相關性的資料。
圖6提供中國倉鼠卵巢細胞(6A及6B)及本揭示案之水凝膠粒子(6C及6D)之明場(6A及6C)及螢光(6B及6D)圖像。
圖7提供如藉由螢光活化細胞分選(FACS)所量測之人類口腔細胞與囊封不同量DNA之水凝膠粒子之比較的資料。
圖8提供囊封不同濃度之奈米粒子之水凝膠粒子的資料,其證實與前向散射無關之側向散射的調節。
圖9提供製造具有不同百分比之聚合物之水凝膠粒子的資料,其證實藉由前向散射量測之折射率的調節。
圖10示出調節以匹配及/或模擬所需細胞群體指標之水凝膠參數之一個實施方案。
圖11及圖12為示出如何調整水凝膠粒子之前向散射、側向散射及表面特性之實施方案的圖。
圖13為各種水凝膠粒子(A)及(B)及商業血液樣品(C)之散射圖。
Claims (19)
- 一種組合物,其包含: 水凝膠粒子; 水溶液; 該水凝膠粒子懸浮於該水溶液中,該水凝膠粒子包括聚合單體且具有至少一個官能化表面,以及包括散射調節添加劑藉以使該水凝膠粒子具有與對應之靶細胞之光學散射特性實質上相似之光學散射特性, 該光學散射特性係由下列提供:共聚單體、化學側基、囊封材料、膠體二氧化矽或丙烯醯胺對雙丙烯醯胺之比例。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中與對應之靶細胞之光學散射特性實質上相似之該光學散射特性為側向散射(SSC)。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中對應之靶細胞之光學散射特性實質上相似之該光學散射特性為前向散射(FSC)。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該散射調節添加劑包括共聚單體。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該散射調節添加劑包括奈米粒子懸浮液。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該靶細胞為淋巴細胞、單核細胞或粒細胞之一者。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該聚合單體為可生物降解之單體。
- 如請求項7之組合物,其中該可生物降解之單體為單糖、二糖、多糖、肽、蛋白質或蛋白質結構域。
- 如請求項7之組合物,其中該可生物降解之單體為結構多糖。
- 如請求項7之組合物,其中該可生物降解之單體為下列之一者:瓊脂、瓊脂糖、海藻酸、多糖酸、α葡聚糖、支鏈澱粉、直鏈澱粉、阿拉伯木聚糖、β-葡聚糖、愈創葡聚糖、capsullan、角叉菜多糖、纖維糊精、動物纖維素、纖維素、幾丁質、脫乙醯殼多糖、金藻昆布多糖、凝膠多糖、環糊精、α-環糊精、糊精、葡聚糖、聚蔗糖、果聚糖、岩藻多糖、半乳葡甘聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、半乳阿拉伯半乳聚糖、結冷膠、葡聚糖、葡甘露聚糖、葡糖醛酸木聚糖、糖萼、糖原、半纖維素、同多糖、羥丙基甲基纖維素、艾考糊精、菊粉、開菲爾多糖、昆布多糖、香菇多糖、果聚糖多糖、地衣多糖、甘露聚糖、混聯葡聚糖、副澱粉、果膠酸、果膠、五聚澱粉、植物糖原、平菇葡聚糖、聚右旋糖、多糖肽、紫菜聚糖、支鏈澱粉、裂褶多糖、海蔥糖、西佐糖、汶萊膠、三仙膠、木聚糖、木葡聚糖、酵母多糖或其組合。
- 一種組合物,其包含: 懸浮於水溶液中之水凝膠粒子,該水凝膠粒子包括聚合單糖且具有至少一個表面,該表面係經衍生以使該水凝膠粒子具有模擬靶細胞之一種或多種細胞內細胞器之對應光學特性之光學特性,該光學特性係由下列提供:共聚單體、化學側基、囊封材料、膠體二氧化矽或丙烯醯胺對雙丙烯醯胺之比例。
- 如請求項11之組合物,其中該靶細胞為白細胞。
- 如請求項11之組合物,其中該靶細胞為原核細胞或真核細胞之一者。
- 如請求項11之組合物,其中該聚合單體為生物可降解之單體。
- 如請求項14之組合物,其中該可生物降解之單體為單糖、二糖、多糖、肽、蛋白質或蛋白質結構域。
- 如請求項11之組合物,其中該水凝膠粒子之該光學特性為次要標誌物概況。
- 如請求項16之組合物,其中該次要標誌物概況為螢光標誌物概況。
- 如請求項11之組合物,其中該聚合單體為雙官能單體。
- 如請求項16之組合物,其中該次要標誌物概況係與重金屬相關聯。
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TWI787784B (zh) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-12-21 | 台達電子工業股份有限公司 | 即時定量聚合酶連鎖反應(qPCR)系統的光學校正工具及其製備方法、以及qPCR系統的校正方法 |
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