TW201803049A - 半導體裝置的散熱結構 - Google Patents

半導體裝置的散熱結構 Download PDF

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TW201803049A
TW201803049A TW106109642A TW106109642A TW201803049A TW 201803049 A TW201803049 A TW 201803049A TW 106109642 A TW106109642 A TW 106109642A TW 106109642 A TW106109642 A TW 106109642A TW 201803049 A TW201803049 A TW 201803049A
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heat
semiconductor device
heat dissipation
insulating
dissipation structure
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大村英一
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歐姆龍股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明提供一種具備能夠適用於表面安裝用薄型半導體裝置的優異的散熱性的半導體裝置的散熱結構。本發明的半導體元件(10)的散熱結構(101),該半導體元件(10)具有與基板(20)電連接的電性接合面(11a)及其相反側的散熱面(11b),其中,散熱面(11b)經由非絕緣零件(32)而接合或接觸至散熱片(31),並且該散熱片(31)經由絕緣零件(41)而接合或接觸至散熱器(30)。

Description

半導體裝置的散熱結構
本發明涉及一種表面安裝型半導體裝置(半導體元件(device))的散熱結構(也稱作冷卻結構),尤其涉及一種具備能夠適用於薄型封裝的半導體裝置的散熱性及絕緣可靠性的散熱結構。
圖4(a)是例示以往的引腳型(lead type)離散零件1的概略立體圖,圖4(b)是例示近年開發的表面安裝型半導體元件10的概略立體圖。
伴隨半導體開關元件的高速化,必須減小元件自身的寄生電感(inductance)。不同於圖4(a)所示的以往的離散零件1(例如引腳型的絕緣柵雙極電晶體(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor,IGBT)),例如在圖4(b)所示的半導體元件10中,開關速度非常高,因此為了實現盡可能小的寄生電感,正推進元件封裝的薄型化。
此種半導體元件10如圖4(b)所示,被收納在超薄型的封裝11中,例如具有:電性接合面11a,配置有與基板電連接的一個以上的電極(端子)12;以及散熱面11b,在該電性接合面11a的相反側配置有大的散熱電極13。在該半導體元件10的安裝時,必須具備優異的散熱性及絕緣可靠性,例如提出有專利文獻1~專利文獻3等的技術。
現有技術文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻1:日本專利特開2014-241340號公報 專利文獻2:日本專利特開2000-311971號公報 專利文獻3:日本專利特開2008-028163號公報。
[發明所要解決的問題]
圖5(a)是例示以往的散熱結構201的概略的剖面圖,圖5(b)是例示作為該變形例的散熱結構201A的概略的剖面圖。
圖5(a)所示的散熱結構201中,在作為具有導電性的散熱/冷卻零件(以下簡稱作“散熱零件”)的一例的散熱器(heat sink)30上,經由絕緣零件41而以該散熱面11b朝下地接合或接觸的方式搭載有半導體元件10,並且該電性接合面11a的電極12被焊接至基板20的下表面圖案(pattern)22。
根據此種散熱結構201,由半導體元件10所產生的熱從該散熱面11b經由絕緣零件41而傳至散熱器30。
而且,圖5(b)所示的散熱結構201A中,基板20的下表面圖案22經由絕緣零件41而接觸至散熱器30上,並且基板20的上表面圖案21與半導體元件10的電性接合面11a的電極12被焊接在一起。
根據此種散熱結構201A,由半導體元件10所產生的熱從該電性接合面11a的電極12經由基板20上所設的導熱孔(thermal via)或嵌體(inlay)與絕緣零件41而傳至散熱器30。
在這些散熱結構201、201A中,存在如下所述的問題,但至少必須消除問題1),即,必須使作為發熱體的半導體元件10與散熱器30之間的熱電阻成為最小。進而,優選的是,也能夠消除2)~4)的問題。
1)發熱體(半導體元件10)的散熱(冷卻)性能(絕緣零件41的導熱)
2)封裝11上的上表面電極與下表面電極的絕緣
3)封裝11與散熱零件的絕緣
4)基板20的電性配線與散熱零件的絕緣
鑒於以往技術的此類問題,本發明的目的在於提供一種具備能夠適用於表面安裝用的薄型半導體裝置的優異的散熱性的半導體裝置的散熱結構,優選的是,提供一種還兼具優異的絕緣可靠性的半導體裝置的散熱結構。
[解決問題的技術手段]
為了達成所述目的,本發明的半導體裝置的散熱結構中,所述半導體裝置具有與基板電連接的電性接合面及其相反側的散熱面,所述半導體裝置的散熱結構的特徵在於,所述散熱面經由非絕緣構件而接合或接觸至導電性高導熱構件,並且所述導電性高導熱構件經由第1絕緣構件而接合或接觸至散熱零件。
此處,優選的是,所述導電性高導熱構件的厚度大於所述半導體裝置的厚度,所述導電性高導熱構件在俯視時小於所述散熱零件。優選的是,在所述半導體裝置及所述導電性高導熱構件例如在俯視時均設為大致矩形形狀的情況下,所述導電性高導熱構件的各邊的長度大於所述導電性高導熱構件的厚度的兩倍與所述半導體裝置的各邊的長度之和。但是,所述導電性高導熱構件在俯視時並不限於大致矩形形狀,例如也可為大致圓形形狀,其大小只要依照大致矩形形狀的情況來定即可。而且,優選的是,所述第1絕緣構件在俯視時大於所述導電性高導熱構件。
根據此種結構的半導體裝置的散熱結構,由半導體裝置所產生的熱從該散熱面經由非絕緣構件傳至導電性高導熱構件而擴散,進而經由第1絕緣構件而傳至散熱零件,因此具備優異的散熱性。
在本發明的半導體裝置的散熱結構中,也可在所述基板與所述導電性高導熱構件之間,以覆蓋所述半導體裝置的外周及所述基板的圖案的至少一部分的方式而配置有第2絕緣構件。進而,所述第2絕緣構件也可以佔據所述基板與所述散熱零件之間的空間的方式而配置。
此處,所述第2絕緣構件也可具有向所述散熱零件固定用的貫穿孔。所述第2絕緣構件例如也可通過絕緣耐熱性樹脂的成形或切削加工品、絕緣耐熱性的膠帶(tape)、絕緣耐熱性樹脂的密封件、或者這些中的任意兩個以上的組合而配置。
根據此種結構的半導體裝置的散熱結構,能夠具備優異的散熱性,並且還能夠避免絕緣破壞的發生。
[發明的效果]
根據本發明的半導體裝置的散熱結構,由半導體裝置所產生的熱從該散熱面經由非絕緣構件傳至導電性高導熱構件而擴散,進而經由第1絕緣構件而傳至散熱零件,因此具備優異的散熱性。
進而,當在所述基板與所述導電性高導熱構件之間以覆蓋所述半導體裝置的外周及所述基板的圖案的至少一部分的方式而配置有第2絕緣構件時,能夠具備優異的散熱性,並且能夠避免絕緣破壞的發生。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
以下,參照附圖來說明本發明的幾種實施方式。
<第1實施方式>
圖1是表示本發明的第1實施方式的散熱結構101的概略的剖面圖。
如圖1所示,該散熱結構101中,在作為具有導電性的散熱零件的一例的散熱器30(例如導熱率190 W/mk以上)上,經由薄的片材(sheet)狀的絕緣零件41而以接合或接觸的方式搭載有作為非絕緣的熱擴散元件(具有導電性的高導熱零件)的一例的散熱片(heat spreader)31。在該散熱片31上,經由薄的非絕緣零件32而以將其散熱面11b朝下地接合或接觸的方式搭載有作為發熱體的一例且被收納在超薄型封裝11中的半導體元件10。該電性接合面11a的電極12通過焊接等而電連接於基板20的下表面圖案22。
半導體元件10中,各電極12及散熱電極13均較封裝11的外形而配置在內側,且被控制為大致封裝厚度T1。封裝厚度T1例如優選為2 mm以下。
散熱片31的厚度T2優選為例如2 mm以上,其尺寸大於半導體元件10而小於散熱器30。若將半導體元件10的一邊的長度設為L1,則散熱片31的各邊的長度L2優選的是設為L1+2×T2以上。作為其材料,例如可列舉導熱率190 W/mk以上的高導熱性金屬,具體而言,可列舉銅或鋁,但並不限於這些材料。
作為非絕緣零件32,例如可列舉導熱率20 W/mk以上的材料,具體而言,可列舉焊料或石墨(graphite),但並不限於這些材料。
作為絕緣零件41,例如設為導熱率為1 W/mk~10 W/mk且耐電壓為1500 V以上的構件,並且,為了確保絕緣距離,優選的是大於散熱片31。
根據此種散熱結構101,半導體元件10的散熱面11b非絕緣地接觸至散熱片31,並且該散熱片31與散熱器30是絕緣地接觸。由此,由半導體元件10所產生的熱從該散熱面11b經由非絕緣零件32傳至散熱片31而擴散,進而經由絕緣零件41而傳至散熱器30,因此具備優異的散熱性。
<第2實施方式>
圖2是表示本發明的第2實施方式的散熱結構102的概略的剖面圖。另外,對於與第1實施方式相同的構成構件標注相同的參照符號,以下主要對不同點進行說明。
如圖2所示,該散熱結構102中,除了第1實施方式的散熱結構101的結構以外,還在基板20與散熱片31之間,以覆蓋半導體元件10的外周及基板20的圖案(至少能與散熱片31成為高電壓差的圖案)的方式而插入有剖面橫L字狀的絕緣零件42。但是,並不限於此種絕緣零件42的插入,只要通過相同絕緣材料的塗布等,以該絕緣材料存在於半導體元件10外周的方式來配置即可。即,設為在由半導體元件10的外周上的基板20與散熱片31所夾著的空間內具有絕緣材料的絕緣層的結構。
作為絕緣零件42,例如可列舉絕緣耐熱性樹脂(例如聚苯硫醚(PolyPhenylenesulfide,PPS))的成形或切削加工品、絕緣耐熱性的膠帶、絕緣耐熱性樹脂(例如環氧樹脂(epoxy)或矽酮(silicone)等)的密封件、或者任意兩個以上的組合,但並不限於這些材料。
優選的是,散熱片31與半導體元件10的封裝11的接合或接觸部高於周圍。
根據此種散熱結構102,半導體元件10的散熱面11b非絕緣地接觸至散熱片31,並且該散熱片31與散熱器30是絕緣地接觸,進而,半導體元件10的外周及基板20的圖案被絕緣零件42覆蓋。由此,能夠具備優異的散熱性,並且還能夠避免絕緣破壞的發生。
<第2實施方式的變形例>
圖3是表示本發明的第2實施方式的變形例的半導體元件10的散熱結構102A的概略的剖面圖。另外,對於與第2實施方式相同的構成構件標注相同的參照符號,以下主要對不同點進行說明。
如圖3所示,該散熱結構102A中,取代第2實施方式的散熱結構102的結構中的絕緣零件42,在基板20與散熱器30之間插入佔據剩餘空間的絕緣零件42A,並利用螺絲50而固定至散熱器30上所設的螺絲孔30a。該絕緣零件42A在基板20與散熱器30之間不僅覆蓋半導體元件10,還覆蓋也包括基板20的下表面(也包含下表面圖案22)、非絕緣零件32、散熱片31及絕緣零件41在內的整體的外周。
作為非絕緣零件32,例如可列舉焊料或石墨片材等,但並不限於這些材料。
作為散熱片31,例如可列舉銅制者,但並不限於此。其厚度T2例如優選為2 mm以上。若將半導體元件10的一邊的長度設為L1,則其尺寸(將各邊的長度設為L2)優選的是大於L1+2×T2而小於散熱器30。
作為絕緣零件41,例如可列舉絕緣片材(例如導熱率為5 W/mk),但並不限於此。
作為散熱器30,例如可列舉鋁制者,但並不限於此。
根據此種散熱結構102A,與第2實施方式的散熱結構102同樣地,半導體元件10的散熱面11b是非絕緣地接觸至散熱片31,並且該散熱片31與散熱器30是絕緣地接觸,進而,半導體元件10的各電極12的周圍被絕緣零件42A覆蓋。由此,能夠具備優異的散熱性,並且能夠避免絕緣破壞的發生。
以上說明的各實施方式及其變形例等的各結構只要沒有特別的阻礙因素等,則也可相互組合。
另外,本發明能夠不脫離其主旨或主要特徵地以其他的各種形態來實施。因此,所述的各實施方式或各實施例在所有方面不過是簡單的例示,不應作限定性解釋。本發明的範圍是由權利要求書所示,並不受說明書正文任何約束。進而,屬於權利要求書的均等範圍內的變形或變更全部處於本發明的範圍內。
10‧‧‧半導體元件
11‧‧‧封裝
11a‧‧‧電性接合面
11b‧‧‧散熱面
12‧‧‧電極(端子)
13‧‧‧散熱電極
20‧‧‧基板
21‧‧‧上表面圖案
22‧‧‧下表面圖案
30‧‧‧散熱器
30a‧‧‧螺絲孔
31‧‧‧散熱片
32‧‧‧非絕緣零件
41、42、42A‧‧‧絕緣零件
50‧‧‧螺絲
101、102、102A、201、201A‧‧‧散熱結構
L1‧‧‧半導體元件的一邊的長度
L2‧‧‧散熱片的各邊的長度
T1‧‧‧封裝厚度
T2‧‧‧散熱片的厚度
圖1是表示本發明的第1實施方式的散熱結構101的概略的剖面圖。 圖2是表示本發明的第2實施方式的散熱結構102的概略的剖面圖。 圖3是表示本發明的第2實施方式的變形例的散熱結構102A的概略的剖面圖。 圖4(a)是例示以往的引腳型的離散零件1的概略立體圖,圖4(b)是例示近年開發的GaN元件之類的表面安裝型半導體元件10的概略立體圖。 圖5(a)是例示以往的散熱結構201的概略的剖面圖,圖5(b)是例示作為其變形例的散熱結構201A的概略的剖面圖。
10‧‧‧半導體元件
11‧‧‧封裝
11a‧‧‧電性接合面
11b‧‧‧散熱面
12‧‧‧電極(端子)
13‧‧‧散熱電極
20‧‧‧基板
22‧‧‧下表面圖案
30‧‧‧散熱器
31‧‧‧散熱片
32‧‧‧非絕緣零件
41‧‧‧絕緣零件
101‧‧‧散熱結構
L1‧‧‧半導體元件的一邊的長度
L2‧‧‧散熱片的各邊的長度
T1‧‧‧封裝厚度
T2‧‧‧散熱片的厚度

Claims (9)

  1. 一種半導體裝置的散熱結構,所述半導體裝置具有與基板電連接的電性接合面及其相反側的散熱面,所述半導體裝置的散熱結構的特徵在於: 所述散熱面經由非絕緣構件而接合或接觸至導電性高導熱構件,並且 所述導電性高導熱構件經由第1絕緣構件而接合或接觸至散熱零件。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體裝置的散熱結構,其中所述導電性高導熱構件的厚度大於所述半導體裝置的厚度, 所述導電性高導熱構件在俯視時小於所述散熱零件, 在所述半導體裝置及所述導電性高導熱構件在俯視時均設為大致矩形形狀的情況下,所述導電性高導熱構件的各邊的長度大於所述導電性高導熱構件的厚度的兩倍與所述半導體裝置的各邊的長度之和。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的半導體裝置的散熱結構,其中所述第1絕緣構件在俯視時大於所述導電性高導熱構件。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的半導體裝置的散熱結構,其中在所述基板與所述導電性高導熱構件之間,以覆蓋所述半導體裝置的外周及所述基板的圖案的至少一部分的方式而配置有第2絕緣構件。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的半導體裝置的散熱結構,其中在所述基板與所述導電性高導熱構件之間,以覆蓋所述半導體裝置的外周及所述基板的圖案的至少一部分的方式而配置有第2絕緣構件。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的半導體裝置的散熱結構,其中所述第2絕緣構件是以佔據所述基板與所述散熱零件之間的空間的方式而配置。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的半導體裝置的散熱結構,其中所述第2絕緣構件具有向所述散熱零件固定用的貫穿孔。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的半導體裝置的散熱結構,其中所述第2絕緣構件是通過絕緣耐熱性樹脂的成形或切削加工品、絕緣耐熱性的膠帶、絕緣耐熱性樹脂的密封件、或者這些中的任意兩個以上的組合而配置。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第5項至第7項中任一項所述的半導體裝置的散熱結構,其中所述第2絕緣構件是通過絕緣耐熱性樹脂的成形或切削加工品、絕緣耐熱性的膠帶、絕緣耐熱性樹脂的密封件、或者這些中的任意兩個以上的組合而配置。
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