TW201538533A - 乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合用分散劑 - Google Patents
乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合用分散劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201538533A TW201538533A TW104103652A TW104103652A TW201538533A TW 201538533 A TW201538533 A TW 201538533A TW 104103652 A TW104103652 A TW 104103652A TW 104103652 A TW104103652 A TW 104103652A TW 201538533 A TW201538533 A TW 201538533A
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- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- pva
- vinyl
- suspension polymerization
- molecular weight
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- -1 vinyl compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 36
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical group CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
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- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 9
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoform Chemical compound BrC(Br)Br DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229950005499 carbon tetrachloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M sodium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][13C](=O)[13C](F)(F)F UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BEQKKZICTDFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,6-pentaoxepane-5,7-dione Chemical compound O=C1OOOOC(=O)O1 BEQKKZICTDFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCHPKWUIAASXPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;methanol Chemical compound OC.CC(O)=O ZCHPKWUIAASXPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ketodiacetal Natural products O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- JPOXNPPZZKNXOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromochloromethane Chemical compound ClCBr JPOXNPPZZKNXOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950005228 bromoform Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- DBUPOCYLUHVFHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carboxyoxy 2,2-diethoxyethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)COC(=O)OOC(O)=O DBUPOCYLUHVFHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoform Chemical compound IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- POJPQMDDRCILHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexabromoethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br POJPQMDDRCILHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGVPXEPSTZMAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentabromoethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br OGVPXEPSTZMAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDUOUNIIAGIPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-tribromoethane Chemical compound CC(Br)(Br)Br ZDUOUNIIAGIPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F114/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F114/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F114/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F114/06—Vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F116/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F116/02—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
- C08F116/04—Acyclic compounds
- C08F116/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F118/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F118/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F118/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F118/08—Vinyl acetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/06—Vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F216/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
- C08F216/04—Acyclic compounds
- C08F216/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/42—Nitriles
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/38—Alcohols, e.g. oxidation products of paraffins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
一種乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合用分散劑,其包含皂化度為65~90莫耳%,且滿足下列式(1)~(3)之聚乙烯醇。藉此,可減少聚合時粗粒子之形成量,得到粒徑分布集中且塑化劑吸收性高之乙烯聚合物。
0.4≦(MwUV/MwRI)≦0.95 (1)
3≦(MwUV/MnUV)≦12 (2)
0.1≦A220≦0.8 (3)
Description
本發明係關於一種包含聚乙烯醇之乙烯化合物懸浮聚合用分散劑,以及使用該分散劑製造乙烯聚合物之方法。
聚乙烯醇(以下亦略稱為「PVA」)習知為水溶性合成高分子。PVA相較於其它合成高分子,強度特性及造膜性特別優異。因此,PVA係使用於薄膜及纖維之原料、紙加工及纖維加工用之添加劑、接著劑、乳化聚合及懸浮聚合用安定劑以及無機物之黏合劑等。如前述,PVA使用於各種用途。
PVA一般可作為氯乙烯懸浮聚合用之分散劑使用。懸浮聚合中,利用油溶性觸媒使分散於水性媒體之乙烯化合物聚合,藉此得到粒子狀乙烯聚合物。此時,以提高所得到聚合物之品質為目的,於水性媒體中添加分散劑。控制乙烯化合物懸浮聚合得到之乙烯聚合物品質之因素,有聚合率、水與乙烯化合物(單體)之比、聚合溫度、油溶性觸媒種類及量、聚合容器之類型、聚合容器中內容物攪拌速度以及分散劑種類等。其中又以
分散劑種類對乙烯聚合物品質具有重大影響。
乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合中使用之分散劑,要求(1)可得到聚合時粗粒子形成量少,且粒徑分布集中之乙烯聚合物,以及(2)可得到粒子孔隙率高,塑化劑吸收性高之乙烯聚合物。習知將甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素等纖維素衍生物以及部份皂化PVA單獨或組合作為分散劑使用。但是,該等分散劑難以實現前述(1)及(2)。
非專利文獻1(高分子刊行會1984年發行「POVAL」369~373頁及411~415頁)中,揭示聚合度2000,皂化度80莫耳%之PVA以及聚合度700~800,皂化度70莫耳%之PVA作為氯乙烯懸浮聚合用分散劑。但是,該等分散劑無法充分實現前述(1)及(2)。
專利文獻1(日本特公平5-88251號公報)中,揭示一種包含PVA之分散劑,該PVA之平均聚合度為500以上,重量平均聚合度Pw與數量平均聚合度Pn之比(Pw/Pn)為3.0以下,具有含羰基及與其相鄰之伸乙烯基結構[-CO-(CH=CH-)2],0.1%水溶液於波長280nm及320nm之吸光度各為0.3以上及0.15以上,且波長320nm吸光度(b)相對於波長280nm吸光度(a)之比(b)/(a)為0.30以上。
專利文獻2(日本特開平5-105702號公報)中,揭示一種包含PVA之分散劑,該PVA之皂化度為75~85莫耳%,0.1重量%水溶液於波長280nm之吸光度為0.1以上,羧基含量為0.01~0.15莫耳%,且0.1重量%水溶液之濁點為50℃以上。
專利文獻3(日本特開平8-208724號公報)中
,揭示一種包含PVA之懸浮聚合用分散劑,該PVA係於分子內具有前述結構[-CO-(CH=CH-)2],1重量%水溶液於波長280nm之吸光度為2.5以上,平均聚合度為500以上,皂化度為60~90莫耳%,重量平均分子量Mw相對於數量平均分子量Mn之比(Mw/Mn)為2.5以下,關於皂化度之嵌段特徵值為0.45以下,且甲醇可溶成分為10重量%以下。
專利文獻4(日本特開2007-063369號公報)中,揭示一種包含PVA之懸浮聚合用分散劑,該PVA係藉由將順丁烯二酸衍生物與乙烯酯單體共聚合後皂化得到含羧基PVA後,進行洗淨及乾燥,於主鏈隨機導入以該羧基為起點之乙烯性雙鍵而得到。
專利文獻5(國際公開第2008/96727號)中,揭示一種包含在分子主鏈導入有α,β-不飽和羰基結構之PVA之懸浮聚合用分散劑,該PVA係將一氧化碳與乙烯酯單體共聚合後皂化,其後進行洗淨及乾燥而得到。
但是,專利文獻1~5揭示之分散劑有時無法充分實現前述(1)及(2)。又由於具有強紫外線吸收之PVA容易因加熱而著色,對成形後之乙烯聚合物色相有造成負面影響之情形。
[專利文獻1]日本特公平5-88251號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開平5-105702號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開平8-208724號公報
[專利文獻4]日本特開2007-063369號公報
[專利文獻5]國際公開第2008/96727號
[非專利文獻1]「POVAL」高分子刊行會,1984年發行,369-373及411-415頁
本發明係用以解決前述課題,目的在於提供一種懸浮聚合用分散劑,相較於習知分散劑,可得到聚合時粗粒子形成量少,粒徑分布集中且塑化劑吸收性高之乙烯聚合物。
前述課題可藉由提供一種乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合用分散劑而解決,該分散劑包含聚乙烯醇(以下亦略稱為「PVA」),其皂化度為65~90莫耳%,且滿足下列式(1)~(3)。
0.4≦(MwUV/MwRI)≦0.95 (1)
3≦(MwUV/MnUV)≦12 (2)
0.1≦A220≦0.8 (3)
MwUV:於凝膠滲透層析(以下亦略稱為「GPC」)測定中,藉由吸光光度偵檢器(測定波長220nm)求得之前述PVA重量平均分子量
MwRI:於GPC測定中,藉由示差折射率偵檢器求得之前述PVA重量平均分子量
MnUV:於GPC測定中,藉由吸光光度偵檢器(測定波長220nm)求得之前述PVA數量平均分子量
A220:前述PVA之0.1質量%水溶液吸光度(光徑長10mm,測定波長220nm)
前述課題可藉由提供一種前述懸浮聚合用分散劑之製造方法而解決,其係藉由醛類或分子中具有2個以上鹵素原子之鹵化合物存在下將乙烯酯聚合得到聚乙烯酯後,將該聚乙烯酯皂化得到前述PVA。
前述分散劑存在下,於水性媒體中懸浮聚合乙烯化合物之乙烯聚合物製造方法為本發明適宜實施態樣。此時,水性媒體與乙烯化合物之質量比(水性媒體/乙烯化合物)較佳為0.9~1.2。
使用本發明分散劑時,相較於習知分散劑,可得到粗粒子形成量少,粒徑分布集中且塑化劑吸收性高之乙烯聚合物。
本發明之乙烯化合物懸浮聚合用分散劑,係包含皂化度65莫耳%~90莫耳%,且滿足下列式(1)~(3)之PVA。
0.4≦(MwUV/MwRI)≦0.95 (1)
3≦(MwUV/MnUV)≦12 (2)
0.1≦A220≦0.8 (3)
MwUV:於GPC測定中,藉由吸光光度偵檢器(測定波長220nm)求得之前述PVA重量平均分子量
MwRI:於GPC測定中,藉由示差折射率偵檢器求得之前述PVA重量平均分子量
MnUV:於GPC測定中,藉由吸光光度偵檢器(測定波長220nm)求得之前述PVA數量平均分子量
A220:前述PVA之0.1質量%水溶液吸光度(光徑長10mm,測定波長220nm)
唯於前述GPC測定中,使用六氟異丙醇(以下亦將六氟異丙醇略稱為HFIP)作為移動相。MwUV、MwRI及MnUV係聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(以下亦略稱為「PMMA」)換算之分子量。另外,前述PVA於波長220nm之紫外線吸收係來自[-CO-(CH=CH-)1]結構。
本發明之GPC測定中,使用具有示差折射率偵檢器及吸光光度偵檢器,且可同時進行藉由該等偵檢器之測定之GPC裝置。吸光光度偵檢器必須為可測定波長220nm吸光度者。提供測定之PVA藉由GPC管柱分離各分子量成分。各分子量成分之濃度係以示差折射率偵檢器測定,各分子量成分之吸光度(測定波長220nm)係以吸光光度偵檢器測定。本發明之GPC測定中,測定數種類分子量相異之單分散PMMA標準品,從GPC溶析體積與標準品PMMA分子量製作檢量線。使用所得到之檢量線,從PVA溶析體積求得該PVA之PMMA換算分子量。本發明中,藉由示差折射率偵檢器之測定係使用利用該偵檢器
而製作之檢量線;藉由吸光光度偵檢器之測定係使用利用該偵檢器而製作之檢量線。如此,藉由示差折射率偵檢器測定各分子量成分之濃度,藉由吸光光度偵檢器測定各分子量成分之吸光度(測定波長220nm)。
吸光光度偵檢器可為測定特定波長紫外線吸收之偵檢器,亦可為將特定範圍波長之紫外線吸收進行分光測定之偵檢器。
前述GPC測定中,用於溶解樣品之溶媒及移動相係使用HFIP。HFIP可溶解PVA及PMMA。又,為了抑制試料對於GPC管柱填充劑之吸附,亦可對HFIP添加三氟乙酸鈉等鹽類。鹽類濃度若為前述PVA可正常分離之範圍則無特別限制,通常為1~100毫莫耳/公升,較佳為5~50毫莫耳/公升。
前述GPC測定之試料(PVA)濃度,通常為1.00mg/ml,注入量為100μl。
前述PVA之重量平均分子量MwUV及數量平均分子量MnUV,係相對於從GPC溶析體積換算之該PVA分子量,以吸光光度偵檢器(測定波長220nm)測定值繪圖得到層析圖而求得。前述PVA之重量平均分子量MwRI,係相對於從GPC溶析體積換算之該PVA分子量,以示差折射率偵檢器測定值繪圖得到層析圖而求得。本發明中,MwUV、MwRI及MnUV係PMMA換算值。
前述PVA必須滿足下列式(1)。
0.4≦(MwUV/MwRI)≦0.95 (1)
如前述式(1)所示,MwRI之所以較MwUV大,被認為
特別起因於低分子量成分吸收波長220nm之紫外線。MwRI相當於前述PVA全體之重量平均分子量,MwUV相當於前述PVA中所含具有吸收波長220nm紫外線之結構(分子鏈中之雙鍵)之成分之重量平均分子量。因此,(MwUV/MwRI)為0.95以下,代表雙鍵選擇性導入於PVA中之低分子量成分。通常,使用PVA作為分散劑進行懸浮聚合時,由於該PVA中之低分子量成分缺乏安定性,而有粗粒子形成量變多之情形。對此,藉由如前述於該PVA之低分子量成分之分子鏈中導入雙鍵,將提高安定性。因此,(MwUV/MwRI)為0.95以下時表現高聚合安定性。滿足前述式(1)之PVA,例如可於PVA製造時,藉由採用後述方法作為皂化後進行之乾燥方法而得到。
另一方面,(MwUV/MwRI)小於0.4時,雙鍵導入量過多,而有聚合中產生粗粒子,或對所得到乙烯聚合物之色相造成負面影響之情形。又,前述PVA若不滿足前述式(1),則使用得到之分散劑進行聚合時,將形成大量粗粒子,所得到乙烯聚合物之粒徑分布變廣而降低品質。前述PVA較佳滿足下列式(1’),更佳滿足下列式(1”),特佳滿足下列式(1''')。
0.43≦(MwUV/MwRI)≦0.90 (1’)
0.46≦(MwUV/MwRI)≦0.85 (1”)
0.50≦(MwUV/MwRI)≦0.80 (1''')
前述PVA必須滿足下列式(2)。
3≦(MwUV/MnUV)≦12 (2)
當(MwUV/MnUV)小於3時,使用所得到分散劑進行懸
浮聚合時,粗粒子形成量有增多之情形。另一方面,當(MwUV/MnUV)大於12時亦形成大量粗粒子,所得到乙烯聚合物之粒徑分布變廣而有品質降低之情形。前述PVA較佳滿足下列式(2’),更佳滿足下列式(2”),特佳滿足下列式(2''')。
3.2≦(MwUV/MnUV)≦11.0 (2’)
3.4≦(MwUV/MnUV)≦10.0 (2”)
3.5≦(MwUV/MnUV)≦9.0 (2''')
前述吸光度A220之測定中,使用光徑長10mm之容槽(cell)。測定波長為220nm。將前述PVA溶解於蒸餾水中調製0.1質量%水溶液以提供測定。
前述PVA必須滿足下列式(3)。
0.1≦A220≦0.8 (3)
當前述PVA之0.1質量%水溶液吸光度A220小於0.1時,使用所得到分散劑進行懸浮聚合時,粗粒子形成量有增多之情形。另一方面,當大於0.80時,則有所得到乙烯聚合物粒子之孔隙率低,塑化劑吸收性不足之情形,或對所得到乙烯聚合物之色相造成負面影響之情形。
前述PVA之皂化度為65~90莫耳%,更佳為68%~85%,特佳為68~80莫耳%。皂化度若小於65莫耳%,將發生PVA不溶於水之情形。另一方面,皂化度若大於90莫耳%,則使用所得到分散劑進行懸浮聚合時,有形成大量粗粒子之情形。又,得到之乙烯聚合物粒子孔隙率低,而有塑化劑吸收性不足之情形。
前述皂化度係藉由JIS-K6726記載之皂化度
測定方法測定。此時,即使含有乙烯醇單元及乙酸乙烯酯單元以外之單元亦為少量,因此忽略。
前述PVA之黏度平均聚合度較佳為200~3000,更佳為400~2000、特佳為500~1000。黏度平均聚合度若小於200,則有難以工業化生產之顧慮。又,使用所得到分散劑進行乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合時,有聚合安定性降低之情形。另一方面,黏度平均聚合度若大於3000,則使用所得到分散劑進行聚合時,得到之乙烯聚合物粒子孔隙率低,而有塑化劑吸收性不足之情形。
前述黏度平均聚合度係根據JIS-K6726而測定。具體來講,可將PVA再皂化精製後,於30℃水中測定極限黏度[η](單位:公升/g),藉由以下式算出。
聚合度=([η]×10000/8.29)(1/0.62)
前述PVA之製造方法無特別限定,較佳為乙烯酯聚合後皂化之方法。前述乙烯酯可列舉乙酸乙烯酯、甲酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、癸酸乙烯酯以及維沙狄克酸乙烯酯等,該等中又較佳為乙酸乙烯酯。
從容易調整前述PVA分子量分布之觀點來看,適合為醛類或分子中具有2個以上鹵素原子之鹵化合物存在下,將乙烯酯聚合得到聚乙烯酯後,將該聚乙烯酯皂化而得到前述PVA之方法。前述醛類或鹵化合物,係作為鏈轉移劑作用生成低分子量聚乙烯酯,同時生成其後皂化及乾燥過程中吸收波長220nm紫外線之化學結構。因此,藉由改變該等之添加量,可調整前述PVA之分子量分布。
用於乙烯酯聚合之前述醛類,可列舉甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、丙烯醛等單醛類、乙二醛及戊二醛等二醛類,其中又較佳使用乙醛及丙醛。
前述製造方法中添加之前述醛量相對於乙烯酯與醛類之合計莫耳數較佳為1.0~8莫耳%,更佳為1.2~7莫耳%,特佳為1.5~6莫耳%。醛量若小於1.0莫耳%,將發生式(1)之MwUV/MwRI大於0.95,式(2)之MwUV/MnUV小於3,式(3)之A220小於0.1之情形。又當大於8莫耳%時,將發生式(1)之MwUV/MwRI小於0.4,式(3)之A220大於0.8之情形。
用於乙烯酯聚合之前述分子中具有2個以上鹵素原子之鹵化合物,可列舉二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、二溴甲烷、三溴甲烷、四溴甲烷、二碘甲烷、三碘甲烷、四碘甲烷、溴氯甲烷等鹵化甲烷、二氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、四氯乙烷、五氯乙烷、六氯乙烷、二溴乙烷、三溴乙烷、四溴乙烷、五溴乙烷及六溴乙烷等鹵化乙烷,其中又較佳使用三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、三溴甲烷及四溴甲烷。
前述製造方法中添加之前述鹵化合物量相對於乙烯酯與鹵化合物之合計莫耳數較佳為0.05~0.7莫耳%,更佳為0.07~0.6莫耳%,特佳為0.1~0.5莫耳%。鹵化合物量若小於0.05莫耳%,將發生式(1)之MwUV/MwRI大於0.95,式(2)之MwUV/MnUV小於3,式(3)之A220小於0.1之情形。又當大於0.7莫耳%時,將發生式(1)之MwUV/MwRI小於0.4,式(3)之A220大於0.8之情形。
乙烯酯之聚合方法,可採用塊狀聚合法、溶液聚合法、懸浮聚合法以及乳化聚合法等任意之聚合方法。又,聚合可於無溶媒或醇系溶媒存在下進行。其中又較佳採用無溶媒之塊狀聚合法及使用醇系溶媒之溶液聚合法。醇系溶媒無特別限定,例如可將甲醇、乙醇及丙醇等單獨或混合2種以上使用。
聚合方式無特別限定,可為分批聚合、半分批聚合、連續聚合及半連續聚合中任一種,但為了得到特定分子量分布範圍之PVA,較佳為分批聚合,又若為連續聚合,較佳將2個以上反應器連續連接進行聚合。
聚合時乙烯酯之聚合率無特別限定,從容易得到具有前述分子量分布之PVA之觀點來看,較佳為50%以上,更佳為55%以上,特佳為60%以上。當聚合率小於50%時,將發生式(2)之MwUV/MnUV小於3之情形。
乙烯酯聚合時之溫度(聚合溫度)無特別限定。聚合溫度較佳為0~200℃,更佳為30~140℃。該溫度若低於0℃,將無法得到充分之聚合速度。該溫度若高於200℃,則使用之乙烯酯有分解之顧慮。
乙烯酯聚合溫度之控制方法無特別限定。該控制方法可舉例如藉由控制聚合速度,使聚合產生之熱與聚合容器表面之放熱達到平衡之方法。亦可舉出藉由使用適當熱媒之夾套控制之方法。從安全面來看,較佳為後者之方法。
乙烯酯聚合時使用之聚合起始劑,可因應聚合方法,從習知之起始劑(例如偶氮系起始劑、過氧化物
系起始劑以及氧化還原系起始劑等)中選擇。偶氮系起始劑可舉例如2,2’-偶氮雙異丁腈、2,2’-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)以及2,2’-偶氮雙(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈)等。過氧化物系起始劑可舉例如過氧化二碳酸二異丙酯、過氧化二碳酸二-2-乙基己酯及過氧化二碳酸二乙氧乙酯等過氧碳酸化合物;過氧化新癸酸三級丁酯、過氧化新癸酸α-異丙苯酯及過氧化癸酸三級丁酯等過酸酯(perester)化合物;乙醯基環己基磺醯基過氧化物;2,4,4-三甲基戊基-2-過氧化苯氧乙酸酯等。亦可將該等之起始劑組合過硫酸鉀、過硫酸銨以及過氧化氫等作為起始劑。氧化還原系起始劑可舉例如前述過氧化物與亞硫酸氫鈉、碳酸氫鈉、酒石酸、L-抗壞血酸以及保險粉(rongalite)等還原劑組合之起始劑。於高溫進行聚合時,有發生乙烯酯分解之情形。此時,以防止分解為目的,可將如酒石酸之抗氧化劑以相對於乙烯酯為1~100ppm左右添加於聚合系統。
乙烯酯聚合時,亦可於無損本發明主旨之範圍,共聚合其它單體。該其它單體可舉例如乙烯及丙烯等α-烯烴類;(甲基)丙烯酸及其鹽;(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸三級丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二酯及(甲基)丙烯酸十八酯等(甲基)丙烯酸酯類;(甲基)丙烯醯胺;N-甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-乙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、二丙酮(
甲基)丙烯醯胺、(甲基)丙烯醯胺丙磺酸及其鹽、(甲基)丙烯醯胺丙基二甲胺及其鹽或其4級鹽、N-羥甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺及其衍生物等(甲基)丙烯醯胺衍生物;甲基乙烯基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、正丙基乙烯基醚、異丙基乙烯基醚、正丁基乙烯基醚、異丁基乙烯基醚、三級丁基乙烯基醚、十二基乙烯基醚以及十八基乙烯基醚等乙烯基醚類;丙烯腈及甲基丙烯腈等腈類;氯乙烯及氟乙烯等鹵化乙烯類;氯化亞乙烯及氟化亞乙烯等鹵化亞乙烯類;乙酸烯丙酯及氯化烯丙基等烯丙基化合物;順丁烯二酸、亞甲基丁二酸以及反丁烯二酸等不飽和二羧酸及其鹽或其酯;乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷等乙烯基矽基化合物;乙酸異丙烯酯等。這種其它單體之共聚合量通常為5莫耳%以下。
所得到聚乙烯酯之皂化方法無特別限定,可採用習知之皂化方法。可舉例如使用氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、甲氧化鈉等鹼性觸媒或對甲苯磺酸等酸性觸媒之加醇分解反應或加水分解反應。可用於此反應之溶媒,可舉例如甲醇及乙醇等醇類;乙酸甲酯及乙酸乙酯等酯類;丙酮甲乙酮等酮類;苯及甲苯等芳香烴等。該等溶媒可單獨或組合2種以上使用。其中又以甲醇或甲醇/乙酸甲酯混合溶液作為溶媒,使用氫氧化鈉等鹼性觸媒皂化為簡便而適宜。
鹼性觸媒之使用量,以所得到聚乙烯酯中之乙烯酯單元為基準之莫耳比較佳為0.002~0.2,特佳為0.004~0.1。皂化觸媒可於皂化反應初期一次全部添加,
或者亦可於皂化反應初期部份添加,剩餘於皂化反應途中追加。
皂化反應較佳於5~80℃,更佳於20~70℃之溫度進行。皂化反應所需時間較佳為5分鐘~10小時,更佳為10分鐘~5小時。皂化反應可由分批法及連續法之任一方式實施。皂化反應結束後,亦可因應需要中和殘存之皂化觸媒,可使用之中和劑,可列舉乙酸及乳酸等有機酸,以及乙酸甲酯等酯化合物等。
皂化反應時添加之由鹼金屬構成之鹼性物質,通常藉由因皂化反應進行而產生之乙酸甲酯等酯類或皂化後添加之乙酸等有機酸等所中和,而成為乙酸鈉等有機酸鹼金屬鹽。本發明PVA中之有機酸鹼金屬鹽含量無特別限定,通常為2.5質量%以下。為了得到如此之PVA,亦可將所得到PVA藉由洗淨液洗淨。洗淨液可列舉甲醇、丙酮、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、己烷及水等。該等可單獨使用,亦可作為混合液使用。該等中又較佳為甲醇、乙酸甲酯及水。
如此從得到之PVA除去殘留洗淨液,使其乾燥。洗淨液除去及乾燥方法無特別限定,可適用習知方法,但從容易調整分子量分布之觀點來看,較佳控制乾燥機內氧濃度小於10%,粉體溫度90~120℃之狀態下,乾燥2~6小時。當粉體溫度小於90℃時,將發生式(2)之MwUV/MnUV小於3,式(3)之A220小於0.1之情形。又當大於120℃時,將發生(1)之MwUV/MwRI大於0.95,式(2)之MwUV/MnUV大於12,式(3)之A220大於0.8之情形。當乾燥
時間小於2小時,將發生式(2)之MwUV/MnUV小於3,式(3)之A220小於0.1之情形。又若大於6小時,將發生(1)之MwUV/MwRI大於0.95,式(2)之MwUV/MnUV大於12,式(3)之A220大於0.8之情形。
如此得到之前述PVA作為乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合用分散劑係有用。本發明之分散劑中,可因應需要摻混通常使用於懸浮聚合之防腐劑、防黴劑、防結塊劑以及消泡劑等添加劑。該等添加劑之含量通常為1.0質量%以下。
於本發明分散劑存在下懸浮聚合乙烯化合物之乙烯聚合物製造方法係本發明之適宜實施態樣。作為原料單體使用之乙烯化合物,可列舉氯乙烯等鹵化乙烯;乙酸乙烯酯及丙酸乙烯酯等乙烯酯單體;(甲基)丙烯酸該等之酯與鹽;順丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸以及該等之酯與酸酐;苯乙烯、丙烯腈、氯化亞乙烯以及乙烯基醚等。該等之中,較佳為將氯乙烯單獨或組合可與氯乙烯共聚合之單體進行懸浮聚合。可與氯乙烯共聚合之單體,可列舉乙酸乙烯酯及丙酸乙烯酯等乙烯酯;(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯及(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯等(甲基)丙烯酸酯;乙烯及丙烯等α-烯烴;順丁烯二酸酐以及亞甲基丁二酸等不飽和二羧酸;丙烯腈、苯乙烯、氯化亞乙烯以及乙烯基醚等。
前述懸浮聚合使用之觸媒較佳為水性觸媒。該水性觸媒可列舉水或含有水及有機溶劑者。前述水性觸媒中之水量較佳為90質量%以上。
前述懸浮聚合中,前述分散劑之使用量無特別限制,相對於乙烯化合物100質量份,通常為1質量份以下,較佳為0.01~0.5質量份。
懸浮聚合乙烯化合物時的水性媒體(A)與乙烯化合物(B)之質量比A/B通常為0.9~2.0。從更加提高生產性之觀點來看,A/B較佳為0.9~1.2。習知若提高乙烯化合物比率,則有聚合不安定化之問題。對此,使用本發明分散劑時,即使乙烯化合物比率高,亦表現優異聚合安定性,粗粒子形成量少。又可得到孔隙率較高,塑化劑吸收性較高之乙烯聚合物。
乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合中,可使用習知用於氯乙烯單體等之聚合之油溶性或水溶性聚合起始劑。油溶性聚合起始劑可列舉過氧化二碳酸二異丙酯、過氧化二碳酸二-2-乙基己酯及過氧化二碳酸二乙氧乙酯等過氧碳酸化合物;過氧化新癸酸三級丁酯、過氧化三甲基乙酸三級丁酯、過氧化三甲基乙酸三級己酯以及過氧化新癸酸α-異丙苯酯等過酸酯化合物;乙醯基環己基磺醯基過氧化物、2,4,4-三甲基戊基-2-過氧化苯氧乙酸酯、3,5,5-三甲基己醯基過氧化物以及十二醯基過氧化物等過氧化物;偶氮雙-2,4-二甲基戊腈以及偶氮雙(4-2,4-二甲基戊腈)等偶氮化合物等。水溶性聚合起始劑可列舉過硫酸鉀、過硫酸銨、過氧化氫以及氫過氧化異丙苯等。該等油溶性或水溶性聚合起始劑可單獨或組合2種類以上使用。
乙烯化合物懸浮聚合時,可因應需要使用其
它各種添加劑。添加劑可舉例如醛類、鹵化烴、硫醇等聚合調節劑、酚化合物、硫化合物以及N-氧化物化合物等聚合抑制劑等。又,亦可任意添加pH調整劑及交聯劑等。
乙烯化合物懸浮聚合時,聚合溫度無特別限制,當然可為20℃左右之低溫度,但亦可調整為大於90℃之高溫度。又,為了提高聚合反應系之除熱效率,使用附有回流冷凝器之聚合器亦為適宜實施態樣之一。
前述懸浮聚合中,本發明分散劑可單獨使用,但亦可與甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素以及羥丙基甲基纖維素等水溶性纖維素醚;聚乙烯醇以及膠質(gelatine)等水溶性聚合物;山梨醇酐單月桂酸酯、山梨醇酐三油酸酯、三硬脂酸甘油酯以及環氧乙烷環氧丙烷嵌段共聚合物等油溶性乳化劑;聚氧伸乙基山梨醇酐單月桂酸酯、聚氧伸乙基油酸甘油酯以及月桂酸鈉等水溶性乳化劑等共同使用。
前述懸浮聚合中,可將本發明分散劑與水溶性或水分散性之分散助劑併用。該分散助劑係使用皂化度小於65莫耳%且聚合度50~750之部份皂化PVA,較佳使用皂化度30~60莫耳%且聚合度180~650之部份皂化PVA。又,分散助劑亦可為藉由導入羧酸或磺酸等離子性基等而賦予自我乳化性者。當併用分散助劑時,分散劑與分散助劑添加量之質量比(分散劑/分散助劑)無特別限定,較佳為20/80~95/5,更佳為30/70~90/10。分散劑與分散助劑可於聚合初期一次全部加入,或者亦可於聚合途
中分次加入。
以下使用實施例進一步具體說明本發明。以下實施例及比較例中「份」及「%」若無特別說明,則表示為質量基準。
實施例1
[PVA之製造]
將乙酸乙烯酯2850g、甲醇150g及乙醛75g加入反應器,藉由氮氣氣泡對反應器內進行氮氣取代。另一方面,將2,2’-偶氮雙異丁腈5.7g溶解於甲醇調製起始劑溶液,藉由氮氣氣泡進行氮氣取代。反應器開始升溫,內溫達60℃時,將前述起始劑溶液添加於反應器以開始聚合。聚合中維持聚合溫度於60℃。聚合開始7小時後冷卻容器以停止聚合。此時聚合率為90%。接著於30℃減壓下,不時添加甲醇並進行未反應乙酸乙烯酯之去除,得到聚乙酸乙烯酯之甲醇溶液(濃度50%)。
從該聚乙酸乙烯酯之甲醇溶液採取一部份,以使鹼莫耳比(鹼化合物相對於聚乙酸乙烯酯中乙酸乙烯酯單元之莫耳比)成為0.5的方式添加濃度10%之氫氧化鈉甲醇溶液,於60℃放置5小時以使皂化進行。皂化結束後,以甲醇實施索氏萃取法(Soxhlet extraction)3日,接著於80℃進行3日減壓乾燥而得到精製之PVA。該PVA之聚合度根據JIS K6726測定為600。
於前述濃度50%之聚乙酸乙烯酯甲醇溶液中,以使聚乙酸乙烯酯為30%、水為1%、乙酸甲酯為30%
以及鹼莫耳比達0.010之方式,添加水、甲醇、乙酸甲酯以及濃度10%之氫氧化鈉甲醇溶液,進行聚乙酸乙烯酯之皂化。於鹼添加後約3分鐘,將凝膠化之物質於粉碎機粉碎,於40℃放置1小時使皂化進行後,實施離心除液。將該PVA於藉由吹入氮氣而控制氧濃度小於10%之熱風乾燥機(設定溫度100℃)內乾燥4小時。如此經乾燥之PVA皂化度根據JIS K6726測定為70莫耳%。
[GPC測定]
(測定裝置)
使用VISCOTECH製「GPCmax」進行GPC測定。示差折射率偵檢器使用VISCOTECH製「TDA305」。紫外線可見光吸光光度偵檢器使用VISCOTECH製「UV Detector2600」。GPC管柱使用昭和電工股份有限公司製「GPC HFIP-806M」。又,分析軟體使用裝置附屬之OmniSEC(Version 4.7.0.406)。
(測定條件)
將PVA溶解於含有三氟乙酸鈉20毫莫耳/公升之HFIP,調製1.00mg/ml溶液。將該溶液藉由0.45μm之聚四氟乙烯製過濾器過濾後用於測定。移動相使用與溶解PVA使用之含三氟乙酸鈉HFIP同樣之物質,流速為1.0ml/分鐘。樣品注入量為100μl,於GPC管柱溫度40℃下測定。
(製作檢量線)
將Agilent Technologies製PMMA(峰頂分子量:1944000、790000、467400、271400、144000、79250、
35300、13300、7100、1960、1020、690)作為標準品測定,於前述分析軟體中,分別對於示差折射率偵檢器及紫外線可見光吸光光度偵檢器製作檢量線。使用所得到之檢量線將溶析體積換算為PMMA分子量。
於此裝置條件下,進行前述所得到PVA之測定。對於從GPC溶析體積換算之前述PVA分子量,將吸光光度偵檢器(測定波長220nm)所測定之值繪圖得到層析圖,從該層析圖求得重量平均分子量MwUV以及數量平均分子量MnUV。對於從GPC溶析體積換算之前述PVA分子量,將示差折射率偵檢器所測定之值繪圖得到層析圖,從該層析圖求得重量平均分子量MwRI。從該等數值求出(MwUV/MwRI)為0.55,(MwUV/MnUV)為8.6。
[吸光度測定]
使用島津製作所公司製吸光光度計「UV2100」進行吸光度測定。將所得到PVA溶於水而調製0.1質量%水溶液。接著將該水溶液置入容槽(光徑長10mm),測定波長220nm之吸光度。吸光度為0.30。
[氯乙烯之懸浮聚合]
將前述得到之PVA以相對於氯乙烯相當為1000ppm之量溶解於去離子水,調製分散安定劑水溶液1150g。將該分散安定劑水溶液添加於容量5L之高壓釜。接著於高壓釜加入過氧化二碳酸二異丙酯之70%甲苯溶液1.5g。脫氣至高壓釜內壓力達0.0067MPa以去除氧氣。其後,加入氯乙烯1000g,將高壓釜內容物升溫至57℃,於攪拌下開始聚合。聚合使用之水(A)與氯乙烯(B)質量比A/B約為
1.1。聚合開始時高壓釜內壓力為0.83MPa。於聚合開始經過7小時,高壓釜內壓力達0.44MPa時停止聚合,去除未反應之氯乙烯。其後取出聚合漿體,於65℃進行乾燥一晚,得到氯乙烯聚合物粒子。
(氯乙烯聚合物之評估)
根據以下方法,對氯乙烯聚合物測定平均粒徑、粗粒子量、塑化劑吸收性以及該氯乙烯聚合物成形所得到薄片之著色性。評估結果示於表2。
(1)平均粒徑
使用泰勒標準篩基準之金屬網,藉由乾式篩分析測定粒度分布,求出氯乙烯聚合物粒子之平均粒徑。
(2)粗粒子量
測定所得到氯乙烯聚合物粒子中,不通過JIS標準篩42之含量(質量%)。數字越小表示粗粒子少,聚合安定性優異。
(3)塑化劑吸收性(CPA)
藉由ASTM-D3367-75記載之方法,於23℃測定所得到氯乙烯聚合物粒子之酞酸二辛酯吸收量。
(4)著色性
將前述得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子100g、二丁基錫雙(順丁烯二酸單芳烷酯)鹽3g以及0.01g顏料藍29添加於磁性燒杯混合,得到氯乙烯樹脂組成物。將得到之聚氯乙烯樹脂組成物藉由測試滾筒於170℃混練5分鐘,製作厚度0.4mm之薄片。將前述薄片切割為45×30mm之複數薄片。將得到之薄片重疊12~14片,於195℃加壓5分鐘製作
厚度5mm之試驗片,使用色度計(Suga Test Instruments股份有限公司製「SM-T-H」)測定黃色指數(YI)。
實施例2~9
將乙酸乙烯酯及甲醇添加量、鏈轉移劑種類及添加量以及皂化後之洗淨與乾燥條件變更為如表1所示以外,與實施例1同樣得到PVA。另外皂化後進行PVA洗淨時,將乾燥前之PVA薄片以室溫浸漬於乙酸甲酯/甲醇=7/3(質量比)之洗淨液30分鐘。洗淨液使用皂化所使用聚乙酸乙烯酯質量之5倍質量。得到之PVA與實施例1同樣進行評估。接著,除使用所得到PVA作為分散劑以外,與實施例1同樣進行氯乙烯之懸浮聚合,對於所得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子實施評估。其結果示於表1及表2。
如表1及表2所示,使用滿足前述條件之本發明分散安定劑進行氯乙烯懸浮聚合時,可得到粗粒子形成少而表現高聚合安定性,且平均粒徑小之聚合物粒子。又,所得到氯乙烯聚合物粒子顯示優異塑化劑吸收性。再者,評估所得到氯乙烯聚合物粒子製作為薄片之著色性,亦得知著色受到抑制。
比較例1及2
將乙酸乙烯酯及甲醇添加量以及聚合條件變更為如表1所示,且不使用鏈轉移劑及變更皂化後洗淨條件以外,與實施例1同樣得到PVA。得到之PVA與實施例1同樣進行評估。接著,除使用所得到PVA作為分散劑以外,與實施例1同樣進行氯乙烯之懸浮聚合,對於所得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子實施評估。其結果示於表1及表2。氯乙
烯單體之懸浮聚合非常不安定,聚合途中粒子凝集生成塊狀物。
比較例3及4
將皂化後洗淨條件及乾燥條件變更為如表1所示以外,與實施例1同樣得到PVA。得到之PVA與實施例1同樣進行評估。接著,除使用所得到PVA作為分散劑以外,與實施例1同樣進行氯乙烯之懸浮聚合,對於所得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子實施評估。其結果示於表1及表2。判斷係由於變更皂化反應後之洗淨條件,進一步使乾燥條件嚴苛,而導致雙鍵生成量增多。所得到氯乙烯聚合物粒子之塑化劑吸收性低,且色相惡化。
比較例5及6
將乙酸乙烯酯及甲醇添加量、鏈轉移劑添加量、聚合條件以及皂化後之洗淨條件變更為如表1所示以外,與實施例1同樣得到PVA。得到之PVA與實施例1同樣進行評估。接著,除使用所得到PVA作為分散劑以外,與實施例1同樣進行氯乙烯之懸浮聚合,對於所得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子實施評估。其結果示於表1及表2。比較例5及6係PVA合成時使用鏈轉移劑(乙醛)少之情形以及使用量多之情形之例。兩者得到之氯乙烯聚合物中,粗粒子量皆為多。又鏈轉移劑量多時(比較例6),使用氯乙烯聚合物製造之薄片色相惡化。
比較例7
將所得到PVA之乾燥條件變更為如表1所示以外,與實施例8同樣得到PVA。得到之PVA與實施例1同樣進行
評估。接著,除使用所得到PVA作為分散劑以外,與實施例1同樣進行氯乙烯之懸浮聚合,對於所得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子實施評估。其結果示於表1及表2。判斷使皂化反應後乾燥條件嚴苛,結果雙鍵生成量增多。所得到氯乙烯聚合物粒子之塑化劑吸收性低,且色相惡化。
比較例8及9
將乙酸乙烯酯及甲醇添加量、鏈轉移劑添加量以及聚合條件變更為如表1所示以外,與實施例8同樣得到PVA。得到之PVA與實施例1同樣進行評估。接著,除使用所得到PVA作為分散劑以外,與實施例1同樣進行氯乙烯之懸浮聚合,對於所得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子實施評估。其結果示於表1及表2。比較例8及9係PVA合成時使用鏈轉移劑(四氯甲烷)少之情形與使用量多之情形之例。當鏈轉移劑量少時(比較例8),得到之氯乙烯聚合物中粗粒子量多。又當鏈轉移劑量多時(比較例9),使用氯乙烯聚合物製造之薄片色相惡化。
比較例10
(PVA之製造)
將乙酸乙烯酯1800g、甲醇1200g及順丁烯二酸酐5g加入反應器,藉由氮氣氣泡對反應器內進行氮氣取代。另一方面,將2,2’-偶氮雙異丁腈2.0g溶解於甲醇調製起始劑溶液,藉由氮氣氣泡進行氮氣取代。反應器開始升溫,內溫達60℃時,將前述起始劑溶液添加於反應器以開始聚合。聚合中維持聚合溫度於60℃。從聚合開始耗費4小時添加順丁烯二酸酐之20%甲醇溶液。聚合率達
60%時冷卻容器以停止聚合。接著於30℃減壓下,不時添加甲醇並進行未反應乙酸乙烯酯單體之去除,得到聚乙酸乙烯酯之甲醇溶液(濃度50%)。使用得到之聚乙酸乙烯酯甲醇溶液,與實施例1同樣進行聚合度測定。使用得到之聚乙酸乙烯酯,除藉由表1所示條件洗淨及乾燥以外,與實施例1同樣製作PVA及進行評估。再者,除使用所得到之PVA以外,與實施例1同樣進行氯乙烯之懸浮聚合,對於所得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子實施評估。其結果示於表1及表2。
比較例11
將乙酸乙烯酯、甲醇及順丁烯二酸酐添加量變更為如表1所示,並變更添加順丁烯二酸酐之量及時間以外,與比較例10同樣得到PVA。得到之PVA與實施例1同樣進行評估。接著,除使用所得到PVA(分散劑)以外,與實施例1同樣進行氯乙烯之懸浮聚合,對於所得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子實施評估。其結果示於表1及表2。
比較例10及11係如專利文獻4所記載,表示將乙酸乙烯酯與順丁烯二酸酐共聚合得到分子鏈中導入α,β-不飽和羰基化合物(enone)結構之PVA評估結果。兩者得到之氯乙烯聚合物中粗粒子量皆為多。又,使用氯乙烯聚合物製造之薄片色相惡化。
比較例12
與比較例3同樣進行乙酸乙烯酯之聚合、皂化、所得到PVA之洗淨以及離心除液。未對該PVA吹入氮氣,而在不控制氧氣濃度之空氣下,於熱風乾燥機(設定溫度
150℃)內乾燥4小時。得到之PVA與實施例1同樣進行評估。接著,除使用所得到PVA作為分散劑以外,與實施例1同樣進行氯乙烯之懸浮聚合,對於所得到之氯乙烯聚合物粒子實施評估。其結果示於表1及表2。判斷係由於所得到PVA之乾燥未調整氧氣濃度而於空氣下進行,導致雙鍵生成量進一步增多。所得到氯乙烯聚合物粒子之塑化劑吸收性低,且色相大幅惡化。
如前述實施例所示,使用本發明分散劑時,氯乙烯之懸浮聚合非常安定。又,得到粗粒子量少,塑化劑吸收性高之氯乙烯聚合物粒子。再者,使用所得到氯乙烯聚合物製造之成形物著色受到抑制。如此,本發明之分散劑係非常有用。
Claims (5)
- 一種乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合用分散劑,其包含皂化度為65~90莫耳%,且滿足下列式(1)~(3)之聚乙烯醇;0.4≦(MwUV/MwRI)≦0.95 (1) 3≦(MwUV/MnUV)≦12 (2) 0.1≦A220≦0.8 (3)MwUV:於凝膠滲透層析測定中,藉由吸光光度偵檢器(測定波長220nm)求得之該聚乙烯醇重量平均分子量;MwRI:於凝膠滲透層析測定中,藉由示差折射率偵檢器求得之該聚乙烯醇重量平均分子量;MnUV:於凝膠滲透層析測定中,藉由吸光光度偵檢器(測定波長220nm)求得之該聚乙烯醇數量平均分子量;A220:該聚乙烯醇之0.1質量%水溶液吸光度(光徑長10mm,測定波長220nm)。
- 一種如請求項1之懸浮聚合用分散劑之製造方法,其係於醛類的存在下將乙烯酯聚合而得到聚乙烯酯後,將該聚乙烯酯皂化。
- 一種如請求項1之懸浮聚合用分散劑之製造方法,其係於分子中具有2個以上鹵素原子之鹵化合物的存在下將乙烯酯聚合而得到聚乙烯酯後,將該聚乙烯酯皂化。
- 一種乙烯聚合物之製造方法,其係於如請求項1之分散劑的存在下,於水性媒體中懸浮聚合乙烯化合物。
- 如請求項4之乙烯聚合物之製造方法,其中水性媒體與乙烯化合物之質量比(水性媒體/乙烯化合物)為0.9~1.2。
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2015
- 2015-02-04 EP EP15746650.9A patent/EP3103821A4/en active Pending
- 2015-02-04 TW TW104103652A patent/TWI655215B/zh active
- 2015-02-04 KR KR1020167024364A patent/KR102301275B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-02-04 WO PCT/JP2015/053083 patent/WO2015119144A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-02-04 JP JP2015561003A patent/JP6010833B2/ja active Active
- 2015-02-04 US US15/116,748 patent/US9914791B2/en active Active
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TWI752115B (zh) * | 2016-11-24 | 2022-01-11 | 日商電化股份有限公司 | 改質乙烯醇系聚合物及其製造方法 |
TWI755520B (zh) * | 2017-04-21 | 2022-02-21 | 日商可樂麗股份有限公司 | 乙烯化合物之懸浮聚合用分散安定劑及其製造方法、以及乙烯系聚合物之製造方法 |
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KR102301275B1 (ko) | 2021-09-14 |
JP6010833B2 (ja) | 2016-10-19 |
EP3103821A4 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
TWI655215B (zh) | 2019-04-01 |
CN106459252A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
KR20160118319A (ko) | 2016-10-11 |
WO2015119144A1 (ja) | 2015-08-13 |
CN106459252B (zh) | 2018-10-16 |
US9914791B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 |
EP3103821A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
US20160347883A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
JPWO2015119144A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
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