TW201406960A - (7s)-1-(3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)n-甲基甲胺之酵素合成方法及於依伐布雷定(ivabradine)及其鹽類合成之應用 - Google Patents
(7s)-1-(3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)n-甲基甲胺之酵素合成方法及於依伐布雷定(ivabradine)及其鹽類合成之應用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於式(I)之化合物(7S)-1-(3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)N-甲基甲胺之酵素合成方法:□及在依伐佈雷定(ivabradine)及其與醫藥上可接受酸之加成鹽合成中之應用。
Description
本發明係關於式(I)之化合物(7S)-1-(3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)N-甲基甲胺之酵素合成方法:
及其於以下合成中之應用:式(II)之依伐佈雷定(ivabradine)
或3-{3-[{[(7S)-3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基]甲基}(甲基)胺基]丙基}-7,8-二甲氧基-1,3,4,5-四氫-2H-3-苯并氮雜卓-2-酮,
其與醫藥上可接受之酸之加成鹽及其水合物。
依伐佈雷定及其與醫藥上可接受之酸之加成鹽(且更尤其其鹽酸鹽)具有極有價值之藥理及治療性質、尤其減慢心律性質,該等性質使得彼等化合物可用於治療或預防心肌缺血之各種臨床病況中(例如心絞痛、心肌梗塞及相關之心律異常)以及涉及心律異常之各種病理中(尤其室上性心律異常)及心臟衰竭中。
在歐洲專利說明書EP 0 534 859中已闡述依伐佈雷定及其與醫藥上可接受之酸之加成鹽(且更尤其其鹽酸鹽)之製備及治療用途。
彼專利說明書闡述自式(I)化合物開始合成依伐佈雷定鹽酸鹽。
式(I)化合物係依伐佈雷定及其醫藥上可接受鹽之合成中之關鍵中間體。
先前技術揭示用以獲得式(I)化合物之若干方法。
專利說明書EP 0 534 859闡述藉由以下合成式(I)化合物:藉由用四氫呋喃中之BH3還原式(III)之外消旋腈:
隨後添加鹽酸,以得到式(IV)外消旋胺之鹽酸鹽:
使其與氯甲酸乙酯反應得到式(V)之胺基甲酸酯:
將其藉由LiAlH4還原得到式(VI)外消旋甲基化胺:
將其利用樟腦磺酸拆分,得到式(I)化合物。
彼方法具有自式(III)之外消旋腈開始僅以2%至3%之極低產率得到式(I)化合物之缺點。
彼極低之產率係歸因於式(VI)二級胺之拆分步驟之低產率(4%至5%)。
專利說明書EP 1 598 333闡述藉由以下獲得式(I)化合物:將式(IV)之外消旋一級胺利用N-乙醯基-L-麩胺酸轉化為鹽,隨後重結晶且然後使其恢復為鹼,得到式(VII)之光學活性一級胺:
然後利用上述相同反應順序將其甲基化(轉化為胺基甲酸酯,且隨後還原)。
彼方法自式(IV)之外消旋一級胺開始在4步驟中以約30%之產率獲得式(I)之甲胺。
本發明之問題係藉由自式(IV)之外消旋一級胺開始減少步驟數
目,在維持良好的總產率同時獲得式(I)化合物。
更特定地,本發明係關於式(IX)之胺基甲酸酯之合成方法:
其中R1代表直鏈或具支鏈之C1-C6烷基、烯丙基或苄基,其係由式(IV)之外消旋胺利用脂酶(在酵素之國際分類中EC 3.1.1.3)與式R1O-(CO)-OR1之碳酸酯(其中R1係如上文所定義),以相對於該式(IV)之胺自1莫耳當量至15莫耳當量範圍內之量,在有機或水溶劑、有機溶劑混合物,或有機與水溶劑混合物中,在每升溶劑或溶劑混合物自5g/L至500g/L之式(IV)化合物之濃度,以10/1至1/100、較佳1/1至1/10之E/S比率,在25℃至40℃溫度進行對映選擇性酵素醯化。
由本發明之方法所獲得式(IX)之胺基甲酸酯較佳具有大於85%之對映異構體純度,亦即對映異構體過量大於70%。
在可用於本發明酵素酯化方法中之脂酶中,可提及(但不限於)螢光假單胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)之脂酶、洋蔥假單胞菌(Pseudomonas cepacia)之脂酶、豬胰臟之脂酶,及脂酶PS‘Amano’SD(洋蔥伯克氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia))及IM(固定於矽藻土上)。
根據本發明較佳之脂酶係洋蔥假單胞菌之脂酶及PS‘Amano’IM之脂酶。
較佳碳酸酯R1O-(CO)-OR1係其中R1代表烯丙基、乙基或苄基
者。
在可於本發明之酵素醯化反應之有機溶劑中,可提及(但不限於)乙酸乙酯、TBME、THF、2-MeTHF、甲苯、1,4-二噁烷、第三戊醇、CPME及乙腈。
較佳溶劑係TBME、THF、2-MeTHF及1,4-二噁烷,該等單獨或呈與pH=7之緩衝液之混合物。
根據本發明之酵素醯化反應圖係如下:
然後將式(IX)之胺基甲酸酯自反應混合物分離,且隨後利用氫化鋁(例如氫化鋰鋁(LiAlH4))或雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氫化鋁鈉(Red-Al)將其還原,以得到式(I)之甲基化胺。
將後者隨後與式(X)化合物偶合:
其中X代表鹵素原子,較佳係碘原子,或者,在還原劑存在下使其與式(XI)化合物進行還原胺化反應:
其中R2代表選自CHO及CHR3R4之基團,其中R3及R4各自代表直鏈或具支鏈(C1-C6)烷氧基或與載有其之碳原子一起形成1,3-二噁烷、1,3-二氧雜環戊烷或1,3-二氧雜環庚烷
環,以得到依伐佈雷定,其隨後利用醫藥上可接受之酸轉化為加成鹽。
式(I)化合物亦可以與醫藥上可接受之酸之加成鹽、較佳其鹽酸鹽之形式用於還原胺化反應中。在此種情況下,直接獲得呈鹽酸鹽形式之依伐佈雷定。
外消旋化合物應理解為係呈兩種對映異構物以自55:45至45:55比率之混合物形式之化合物。
呈兩種對映異構物之混合物形式之胺的對映選擇性醯化應理解為優先醯化混合物之一種對映異構物。
在醫藥上可接受之酸中,可提及(但不限於)鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、富馬酸、酒石酸、馬來酸、檸檬酸、抗壞血酸、草酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸及樟腦酸。
在用以式(I)化合物及式(XI)化合物之間的還原胺化反應之還原劑中,可提及(但不限於)氫化物供體化合物(例如三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉或氰基硼氫化鈉)及在觸媒(例如鈀、鉑、鎳、釕、銠或其化合物,尤其在載體上或以氧化物形式)存在下之二氫(dihydrogen)。
用以式(I)化合物及式(XI)化合物之間之還原胺化反應之較佳還原劑係由碳載鈀催化之二氫。
以下實例用於說明本發明。
CPME 環戊基甲基醚
DEA 二乙胺
E 對映選擇性係數
E/S 酵素/受質比率,以g/g表示
ee 對映異構體過量
eq 莫耳當量
HPLC 高效液相層析
Red-Al 雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氫化鋁鈉
NMR 核磁共振(光譜)
TBME 第三丁基甲基醚
THF 四氫呋喃
2-Me HF 2-甲基四氫呋喃
rpm 轉數/分鐘
將5mg 1-(3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)甲胺及12.6mg(10eq)碳酸二乙酯溶解在2-MeTHF中。
隨後將5mg洋蔥假單胞菌之脂酶II(PS-CII Amano)添加到混合物(E/S比率1/1)中。將反應混合物維持在30℃,並在250rpm下旋轉攪拌24小時至96小時。
在允許測定胺基甲酸酯及胺兩者之對映異構體過量之條件下藉由對掌性相HPLC監測該反應:對掌性相條件:Chiralpak® IC 250*4.6管柱50%無水乙醇+0.1% DEA+50%庚烷+0.1% DEA 1ml/min, 25℃, 288nm
將0.5g 1-(3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)甲胺溶解於50mL 2-MeTHF且隨後添加碳酸二乙酯(1.5mL,12eq)。將0.5g(E/S比率1/1)洋蔥假單胞菌之脂酶II(PS-CII Amano)添加到混合物,將其在30℃下維持48小時並在220rpm下攪拌。
在48小時後,將反應混合物過濾以移除酵素且隨後蒸發。在SiO2管柱上分離用環己烷/乙酸乙酯95/5、隨後80/20及最後50/50溶析以回收更具極性胺後,獲得構型S之胺基甲酸酯。
隨後以相對於起始胺32.5%之產率獲得構型S之胺基甲酸乙酯(224mg)(相對於所預期胺基甲酸酯之量65%)且對映異構體純度90%。
在允許測定胺基甲酸酯及胺兩者之對映異構體過量之條件下由對掌相HPLC監測該反應:對掌相條件:Chiralpak® IC 250*4.6管柱50%無水乙醇+0.1% DEA+50%庚烷+0.1% DEA 1ml/min,25℃,288nm
將0.87g 1-(3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)甲胺溶解
於100mL 2-MeTHF中且隨後添加碳酸二烯丙基酯(1.5mL,~2eq)。隨後將0.5g(E/S比率1/1)洋蔥假單胞菌之脂酶II(PS-CII Amano)添加至混合物中,其在30℃維持42小時以220rpm攪拌。
隨後將反應混合物過濾以移除酵素且隨後蒸發。在SiO2管柱上分離,用環己烷/乙酸乙酯95/5、隨後80/20及最後50/50溶析以回收更極性胺後,獲得胺基甲酸烯丙基酯。隨後以相對於起始胺35%之產率獲得構型S之胺基甲酸烯丙基酯(440mg)(相對於所預期胺基甲酸酯之量70%)且對映異構體純度88%。
根據下文所述方法,藉由反相HPLC分析反應混合物,且藉由對掌相HPLC監測胺基甲酸酯及胺之對映選擇性(ee):反相條件:Phenomenex® LUNA HST 50*3管柱C18(2)2.5μm 0%至100% B經8min 0.8ml/min 40℃
A(1000水+25 ACN+1 TFA)
B(1000 ACN+25水+1 TFA)
對掌性相條件:Chiralpak® IC 250*4.6管柱50%異丙醇+0.1% EA+50%庚烷+0.1% EA 1ml/min,30℃,288nm
將0.5g 1-(3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)甲胺溶解於50mL 2-MeTHF中且隨後添加碳酸二苄基酯(4.5g,7eq)。將0.5g(E/S比率1/1)洋蔥假單胞菌之脂酶II(PS-C II Amano)添加到混合物,將其維持在30℃下並以220rpm攪拌。
在24小時後,將反應混合物過濾以移除酵素且隨後蒸發。在SiO2管柱上分離用環己烷/乙酸乙酯95/5、隨後80/20及最後50/50溶析以回收更具極性胺後,獲得構型S之胺基甲酸酯。
隨後以相對於起始胺30%之產率(相對於所預期胺基甲酸酯之量為60%)獲得構型S之胺基甲酸苄基酯(0.26g)且對映異構體純度係95%。
根據下文所述方法,藉由反相HPLC分析反應混合物,且藉由對掌性相HPLC監測胺基甲酸酯及胺之對映選擇性(ee):反相條件:Phenomenex® LUNA HST 50*3管柱C18(2)2.5μm 0%至100% B經8min 0.8ml/min 40℃
A(1000水+25 ACN+1 TFA)
B(1000 ACN+25水+1 TFA)
對掌性相條件:Chiralpak® IC 250*4.6管柱50%異丙醇+0.1% DEA+50%庚烷+0.1% DEA 1ml/min,25℃,288nm
在氮氣氛下,將氫化鋰鋁(1.41kg)及四氫呋喃(32.5 l)裝載於反應器中,隨後在20℃下傾倒於四氫呋喃(50 l)中之{[(7S)-3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基]甲基}胺基甲酸乙酯溶液(5kg)中。在回流下加熱1小時且隨後冷卻至低於15℃之溫度下,並用水(1 l)、5N氫氧化鈉水溶液(1 l)且然後水(1 l)水解反應混合物。濾除所獲得固體。乾
燥有機相。以油形式回收標題產物,產率93%。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm/TMS)=2.60(m;3H);2.85(m;1H);3.15(m;1H);3.25(dd;1H);3.30(m;1H);3.62(m;1H);3.70(s;6H);6.82(s;1H);6.89(s;1H);8.48(s1;1H)。
將(7S)-3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基]N-甲基甲胺(5kg)、乙酸乙酯(40 l)及乙醇(10 l)裝載於反應器中。在20℃下攪拌30分鐘且隨後經由反應器之底部閥或浸管添加氣態氯化氫(1.012kg)。將所得懸浮液在15-20℃下攪拌1小時且隨後將其過濾或在抽吸下排出。將沈澱用乙酸乙酯/乙醇4/1之混合物(2×5 l)洗滌且隨後乾燥以得到產率為92%之標題產物。
將5.5kg 3-[2-(1,3-二氧雜環戊-2-基)乙基]-7,8-二甲氧基-1,3-二氫-2H-3-苯并氮雜卓-2-酮、27.5 l乙醇及550g碳載鈀裝載於高壓釜中。
用氮氣且隨後用氫吹掃,加熱至55℃且隨後在此溫度下在5巴之壓力下氫化直至已吸附理論量之氫。
然後恢復至周圍溫度並隨後使高壓釜減壓。
然後添加4kg(7S)-3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基]N-甲基甲胺鹽酸鹽、111乙醇、5.51水及1kg。
用氮氣且隨後用氫吹掃,加熱至85℃且隨後在此溫度下在30巴之壓力下氫化直至已吸附理論量之氫。
然後恢復至周圍溫度,吹掃高壓釜且隨後過濾反應混合物;蒸餾掉溶劑且隨後藉由自甲苯/1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮混合物結晶以分離依伐佈雷定鹽酸鹽。
由此以85%之產率獲得依伐佈雷定鹽酸鹽且化學純度大於99%。
將外消旋1-(3,4-二甲氧基雙環[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)甲胺(5mg;c=10g/L)及式R1O-(CO)-OR1之碳酸酯(10eq)溶解於0.5mL TBME中。
然後將正研究之5mg(c=10g/L)脂酶添加到介質(E/S比率=1/1)中。將反應混合物維持在30℃,並在250rpm下旋轉攪拌24小時。
根據以下方法藉由對掌性相HPLC來分析反應混合物以檢查對映選擇性:Chiralpak® IC 20μm管柱,250*4.6乙腈/丙-2-醇/DEA 90/10/0.1%;1.3ml/min;30℃,288nm
結果匯總於下表中:
IXa:R1=烯丙基
IXb:R1=苄基
IXc:R1=乙基
a對映異構體過量ee(% en)=對映體E2%-對映體E1%/對映體E2%+對映體E1%(對映體E2為主要對映異構體)
b對映選擇性係數E=ln[(1-c)(1-ee(S)]/ln[(1-c)(1+ee(S)];c=轉化程度=ee(胺)/[ee(胺基甲酸酯)+ee(胺)]
Claims (11)
- 一種合成式(IX)之化合物之方法,
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該脂酶係選自螢光假單胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)之脂酶、洋蔥假單胞菌(Pseudomonas cepacia)之脂酶、豬胰臟之脂酶,及脂酶PS‘Amano’SD(洋蔥伯克氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia))及IM(固定於矽藻土上)。
- 如請求項2之方法,其中該脂酶係洋蔥假單胞菌脂酶或脂酶PS‘Amano’IM。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法,其中該E/S比率係自1/1至1/10。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法,其中該溶劑係選自TBME、THF、2-MeTHF及1,4-二噁烷,單獨或與pH=7緩衝液之混合物。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法,其中R1係乙基、烯丙基或苄基。
- 一種合成式(I)化合物之方法,
- 如請求項7之方法,其中該式(I)化合物隨後與式(X)化合物偶合:
- 如請求項8之方法,其中X係碘原子。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中用於該還原胺化反應中之式(I)化合物係呈其鹽酸鹽形式,以得到呈鹽酸鹽形式之依伐佈雷定。
- 如請求項8或10之方法,其中與式(XI)化合物之還原胺化反應係在碳載鈀催化之二氫存在下實施。
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