TW201021193A - Corrosion control of stacked integrated circuits - Google Patents
Corrosion control of stacked integrated circuits Download PDFInfo
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- TW201021193A TW201021193A TW098127471A TW98127471A TW201021193A TW 201021193 A TW201021193 A TW 201021193A TW 098127471 A TW098127471 A TW 098127471A TW 98127471 A TW98127471 A TW 98127471A TW 201021193 A TW201021193 A TW 201021193A
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
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Description
201021193 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 且更特定而言係關於多 本揭示案係關於積體電路(1C) 層K:’且甚至更特定而言係關於用於控制層之間的腐蝕的 系統及方法。 【先前技術】 1C技術中需要將晶片(晶沖隹疊在一起以形成多棒 D)IC裝置。-種形成3_D裝置之方法為將兩個(或更多)層 集中到-起且接著將該等層囊封入單—結構中。個別層之 表面上的電導體及/或接觸件用於在不同層上的電路之間 載運電信號。此等導體/接觸件極小,直㈣為數微米, 且在曝露至腐姓性氣氛時將相對快速地腐飯。腐姓 擾3D裝置之信號處理能力。 :蚀由兩個晶粒(當將其集中在—起時)之間 ^起。在此等間隙内可捕集諸如水及氧之腐純材料。 捕集之腐綠材料接著與金屬㈣/接觸件相互作 用,從而產生可靠性問題。 = 決方法為用填充劑材料填充「間隙」 =非恆定,所以填充劍的量亦非值定。因此,難以! 全填充間隙。另—方而難以70
f置之大^ m ,使用過多填充劍將增加所得3_D 裝置之大小,藉此改變外形尺寸。 另-解決方法為消除間隙或使其極 的’個別晶粒之表面將必須極其平坦,藉此增1= 以及處理晶粒之成本。 曰加裝置成本 142625.doc 201021193 一額外問題為層之間捕集之氣體在溫度增加或外部壓力 減少期間膨脹。膨脹之氣體對經結合層施加分離壓力。 【發明内容】 本揭示案係針對用於防止腐蝕性元素(例如,氧化劑)與 堆疊ic裝置之兩個層之間的界面處之金屬連接接觸的系統 及方法。當層被定位成靠近彼此時,在該等層之平坦表面 之邊界處形成空穴。此空穴由層之間的周邊密封部分界 定。在一實施例中,在空穴内產生真空,藉此消除或減少 空穴内之腐蝕性氣氛。在另一實施例中,用非氧化氣體 (諸如氬氣)填充空穴。一旦空穴不含氧化元素,可囊封周 邊密封部分以防止污染物滲漏入空穴且防止密封部分自身 腐餘。 前文已頗為廣泛地概述本發明之特徵及技術優點以便更 好地理解隨後之本發明之詳述。在下文中將描述本發明之 其他特徵及優勢,其形成本發明之申請專利範圍的標的。 熟習此項技術者應瞭解,所揭示之概念及特定實施例可易 於用作修改或設計其他用於執行本發明之相同目的之結構 的基礎。熟習此項技術者亦應認識到,該等等效構造並未 2離在附力4請專利範圍中陳述之本發明之精神及範嘴。 *結合隨附圖式考慮時’自以下描述可更好地理解據信表 本發月特性之新穎特徵(關於其組織及操作方法)以及其 他二的及優點。然而應明確瞭解,僅為說明及描述之目的 提供各圖’且其並非意欲定義本發明之限制。 【實施方式】 142625.doc 201021193 為了更全面地理解本發明,現結合隨附圖式來參考以下 描述。 現轉向圖1A,展示包含頂部晶粒丨丨及底部晶粒丨2之堆疊 1C裝置10。頂部晶粒π具有作用層101及基板層102。底部 晶粒12具有作用層103及基板層1〇4。圖丨八展示被集中在一 起以用於結合目的之前經定位的頂部晶粒及底部晶粒。此 貫施例中,基板層1 〇2將結合至作用層i 〇3且因此此為「背 籲 面對正面」結合排列。如將論述,「正面對正面」、「背面 對背面」、「正面對背面」或「背面對正面」組合中之任一 排列可使用本文中論述之概念以形成分層半導體組件。 圖1A-1C描繪兩層堆疊ic裝置,然而堆疊IC裝置可包含 更多層。基板層102含有連接(元件)112,用於將層1〇1上之 組件ιιι(或端子)連接至層103上之主動組件115(或端子)。 當使層102及103之平坦表面集中在—起時,使用連接器路 桎112產生此等連接,該連接器路徑112又與層1〇3之平坦 • 表面上的襯墊U4配對。在頂部晶粒11及底部晶粒12的周 邊周圍分別形成有元件110及113,元件110及113將在使該 等層配對時會合以形成密封部分(如將可見)。在所展示之 實施例巾,密封部分m及113為金屬,但可包含其他材 料。 圖1B展示晶粒丨丨及12會合,且在由周邊配對元件 110/113所界定之區域内形成一或多個間隙。元件 110/113會合以形成周邊周圍之密封部分。應注意到現自 組件111至組件115存在使用連接器,元件112及114的電連 142625.doc 201021193 接。 元件被適曰疋位,則可在環境受控腔室中選擇性建 立新氣氛,使得新氣氛與在不採取氣氛干預措施的情況下 通常會形成的氣氛(例如’環境氣氛)不同。舉例而言普 l氣氛可含有水、其他蒸氣及’或可引起腐蝕的其他氣 體,腐蝕又將對Ic裝置的正常操作造成干擾。 如將論述,在該實例中,可(例如)使用栗(未展示)來降 低環i兄又控腔至中的大氣壓力,及/或用惰性氣體或非氧 氣體實質上置換環境受控腔室内的氣氛來建立在環境受控 腔至内建立之選擇性建立的非腐姓性環境。所建立之氣氛 經設計以驅除氣、匕芬/ 尺及/或其他氧化劑,藉此減少腐蝕。 一旦建立適當環境’則將晶粒壓縮在—起且結合,最好是 在空氣中大於攝氏150度的溫度下使得間隙㈣中存 環境。 注意到可藉由使用—或多個栗來建立低壓。替代降低壓 或除降低壓力以外’此等泵亦可用以將所要環境(諸如 氬氣或氮氣)注入環境受控腔室。該低壓可低至所要位 準,甚至達到實質上建立真空的程度。 亦應注意到,在-些情形中可能需要在層之間建立—個 以上間隙,且相對於不同間隙建立不同環境。可藉由在需 成為獨立間隙之部分的周圍置放配對元件削川]來建 立間隙。因此’可相對於一些間隙建立低壓,且在相同堆 叠1C裝置内的其他間隙中建立不同環境。此等不同環境可 在相同層之間及/或在不同層之間。 142625.doc 201021193 圖1C展不在密封部分110/113外部添加保護層140。可 (例如)藉由電漿增強化學氣相沈積(pcvD)添加此保護層, X幫助防止經後封空穴内之環境與普通環境中所見之腐勉 性X素(諸如水或氧)接觸。層14〇可為絕緣層,諸如亞硝酸 矽或氧化矽。(若需要)薄膜14〇可完全圍繞堆疊丨匸裝置之外 4沈積而非僅在密封環n〇/113上沈積,如圖ic所示。此 層140之功畲b為在密封環11〇/113與其外部環境之間形成障 籲壁°因為金屬密封部分⑽113不太可能足夠緊㈣圍繞 全部周邊以形成無任何滲漏的完美密封結合,所以建立保 濩層140。此外,若密封部分11〇/113係由金屬形成,則密 封部分110/113可能被腐蝕。 圖2展不具有晶粒21及22之一替代性堆疊…裝置排列 2〇,其中層中的至少兩者之「正面」202、2〇3以「正面對 正面」關係結合。此與圖丨A至丨c中展示之「背面對正 面」結合相反。在圖2中,堆疊IC裝置2〇具有層間電接觸 φ 件212、213以及通道210(若需要)以提供至外部組件的連接 性。應注意到此實施例中層之間的金屬周邊密封環由部分 214及2 15構成。當然,可使用任何組合及任何數目之層。 可使用晶粒對晶粒堆疊、晶粒對晶圓堆疊及(在一些情 形中)晶圓對晶圓堆疊達成本文中論述之概念。圖3展示其 中晶粒30-1與晶粒31-1配對之晶粒對晶圓堆疊,晶粒3 hi 仍為晶圓300之部分。晶粒30-1與晶粒3丨」可具有不同大 小。此可使用結合至位於晶圓3〇〇上之晶粒31_丨至31_]^中 之任一者之任何數目之其他晶粒(未展示)來順序地或並行 142625.doc 201021193 地重複。可接著關於一晶粒對或 /E, ^ „ 吓哥日日粒對進行囊封 (圖中未展不)以提供保護性外部密封部分 300分離晶W㈣成個料疊職置。者自曰曰圓 /4展示-替代性實施例,其中在環境受控㈣中^ :層K:裝置。如所示’晶粒4〇與晶粒41結合地定位以在腔 内形成堆疊㈣置_。晶粒做41經適^位且接 著環境控制術使用環42及43以在層之間的周邊周圍形成 密封而建立適當環境。在配對層之間的空穴内的此環境 (例如)可為低壓(包括真空’若需要)或該環境可為氣艘, 诸如氮氣或氬氣,或防止或減少腐蝕或其他不當效應之任 何其,,質或物質之組合。在需要改良之導熱性之情形 中,氬氣為較佳氣體。壓力較佳應低於丨atm。 較佳將堆疊1C裝置400加熱至13(rc至4〇(rc之溫度,使 得當堆疊1C裝置400冷卻時,層之間的間隙處在低於大氣 壓力之壓力下。在加熱之同時,可接著使用壓縮熱結合以 結合晶粒40及41。一旦層被結合,則可在整個堆疊IC裝置 400上沈積保護膜(未展示),或若需要,僅在層間密封環 42/43周圍沈積保護膜。注意到由在結合前加熱該等層引 起之空穴内之減小的壓力起促進將該等層固持在一起之作 用。此外,若溫度上升,則該(或該等)空穴内之壓力將不 足以使層分開。 圖5展示用於控制多層1(:裝置之層之間的腐蝕的方法之 一實施例50。區塊501控制一或多個晶粒相對於第二晶粒 (或晶圓)的定位。當區塊502判定定位完成,使得建立周邊 142625.doc 201021193 密封部分(例如,圖2中之214/215)時,區塊5〇3以眾多方法 中之任一種方法(諸如以上所論述之方法)或以其他方式在 晶粒之間建立受控環境。 重複區塊503及504直至區塊5〇4判定已建立適當環境, 在區塊504判定已建立適當環境的情況下區塊505將晶粒結 D在一起。若需要,區塊5〇6如上文所論述在所建立之密 - 封部分外部添加保護障壁。 φ 儘管區塊501及502被展示為在區塊503及504之前,但預 期區塊503及504可發生於區塊5〇1及5〇2之前。應瞭解,儘 管密封部分被展示為在周邊周圍,但密封部分可僅在某些 元件周圍且可在兩個層之間形成一個以上密封區域。/、一 雖然已詳細地描述本發明及其優點,但應理解可在不偏 離由附加之申請專利範圍所界定之本發明之精神及範相 m提下在本文中進行各種改變、替代及變化。此外,本申 請案之範禱並非意欲限於說明書中所述之過程、機器、製 ❹ '、物質組合物、手段、方法及步驟之特定實施例。如一 般熟習此項技術者將易於自本發明之揭示内容瞭解,可根 據本發明利用當前現有或稍後將開發的執行與本文所描述 之相應實施例實質上相同之功能或達成實f上相同結果的 過程、機4、製造、物質組合物'手段、方法或步驟。因 此,附加之申請專利範圍意欲在其料中包括該等過程、 機器、製造、物質組合物、手段、方法或步驟。 【圖式簡單說明】 夕 圖1八至1。展示根據本發明之實施例之多層㈣置的實 142625.doc 201021193 例及製造該等多層IC裝置的例示性方法; 圖2展示根據本發明之實施例之一替代性堆疊ic裝置; 圖3展示根據本發明之實施例之晶粒至晶圓堆疊之一實 施例; 圖4展示根據本發明之實施例之一替代性實施例,其中 在環境受控腔室中結合多層1C裝置;及 圖5展示根據本發明之實施例之用於控制多層ic裝置之 層之間之腐蝕之方法之一實施例。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 堆疊1C裝置 11 頂部晶粒 12 底部晶粒 20 替代性堆疊1C裝置排列 21 晶粒 22 晶粒 30-1 晶粒 31-1 晶粒 31-N 晶粒 40 晶粒 41 晶粒 42 層間密封環 43 層間密封環 50 用於控制多層1C裝置之 法之一實施例 方 142625.doc • 10- 201021193
101 作用層 102 基板層 103 作用層 104 基板層 110 元件/密封部分 111 組件 112 連接/連接器元件 113 元件/密封部分 114 襯塾/連接器元件 115 主動組件 120 間隙 140 保護層 202 正面 203 正面 210 通道 212 電接觸件 213 電接觸件 214 周邊密封部分 215 周邊密封部分 300 晶圓 400 堆疊1C裝置 401 腔室 402 環境控制 142625.doc • 11 -
Claims (1)
- 201021193 七、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種分層半導體裝置,其包含: 第-層及第二層’該第一層及該第二層沿該等層之平 坦表面彼此結合,該等層中之每—者包含至少一主動元 件;及 & 面中之經結合者 一環境.密封部分,其圍繞該等平坦 之一周邊邊緣。 參 2.如請求項1之結構,進一步包含一 I質上非腐蝕性環 境’其係在由該密封部分界定之— ^ ^區域内之該等經結合 平坦表面之間。 非腐蝕性環境包含惰 3.如請求項2之結構,其中該實質上 性氣體 4.如請求項2之結構’其中該實質上非腐钱性 低之大氣壓力。 5·如清求項2之結構,進一步包含: 5蔓遮 一形成於該密封部分之一外部邊緣上的環境保 6.如請求項5之結構,其中使用保形托⑽(電聚 氣相沈積)膜來建立該保護遮罩。 7_如請求項2之結構,其中該等層為晶粒。 8·如請求項2之結構,其中該第—層為一晶粒且 化學 為一晶圓 9· -種建構-分層半導體裝置之方法,該方法包含 將該半導體裝置之相鄰層之平坦表面集争在一 該第 層 起以 用 142625.doc 201021193 於結合; 等相鄰層之該等平坦表面之間建立—受控環境;且 在結合該等平坦表面後,維持該受控環境。 ίο. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 如請求項9之方法,其中該建立包含: 建立一低大氣壓力。 如δ月求項9之方法,其中該維持包含: 在結合該等平坦表面之前,提供由駐留於該等平坦表 面中之每一者上之材料所建構的至少一周邊密封部分。 如請求項11之方法,其中該維持進一步包含: 在該周邊密封部分之一外部邊緣上沈積一保護膜。 如睛求項9之方法,其中該建立包含: 在該等平坦表面之間添加非氧氣體。 如請求項13之方法,其中該氣體係選自以下各物之清 單:氬氣、氮氣及混合氣體。 一種堆疊1C裝置,其包含: 一上面具有1C元件之第一晶粒;該第一晶粒具有至少 一表面,該等元件係形成於該至少一表面處; 一上面具有1C元件之第二晶粒,該第二晶粒具有至少 一表面’該等元件係形成於該至少一表面處; 形成於該等晶粒中之每一者之該表面上的至少一密封 元件;且其中 該等晶粒之該等表面結合在一起’使得將該等密封元 件集中在一起以密封該等1C元件中之至少一些IC元件周 圍之一環境。 142625.doc • 1· 201021193 16.如請求項15之堆疊IC裝置,進一步包含: 在該岔封環境内之一選擇性建立的氣氛。 氛為對一 17·如請求項16之堆疊1C裝置,其中該所建立之氣 環境氣氛之一修改。 18·如請求項16之堆疊IC裝置,其中該選擇性建立之環产仪 選自以下各物之清單:低大氣壓力,及非氧氣體。衣兄係 ‘ 19.如請求項16之堆疊1C裝置,進一步包含: 參 囊封材料,其係相對於該等密封元件定位以便維持該 等密封元件内之該所建立環境。 Λ 20. 如請求項17之堆疊IC裝置,其中該等密封元件包含位於 該密封環境之一圓周周圍的金屬部分。 、 21. —種建構—堆疊1(::裝置之方法,該方法包含: 相對於一第二晶粒定位一第一晶粒; 在該苐一晶粒之一平坦表面與該第二晶粒之一平坦表 面之間建立一受控環境,·及 ❹ 結合該第一晶粒與該第二晶粒以形成該堆疊IC裝置。 22. 如請求項21之方法,進一步包含: 對該經結合之堆疊1C裝置添加一環境障壁。 23·如請求項22之方法,其中該建立包含: 藉由建構於該等晶粒上之配對元件而在該等個別平坦 表面之間建立一密封空穴。 24.如請求項23之方法,其中該建立進一步包含: 降低該密封空穴内之大氣壓力。 25 ·如請求項23之方法,其中該建立進一步包含: 142625.doc 201021193 在該密封空穴内注入非氧氣體。 26. 如請求項23之方法,其中該結合包含: 在將該第一晶粒與該第二晶粒壓縮在一起的同時,升 南該等晶粒之溫度。 27. 如請求項21之方法,其中該第二晶粒係包含於其上具有 複數個晶粒的晶圓上。 142625.doc
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