RU2015143212A - Катализатор для обработки выхлопных газов - Google Patents

Катализатор для обработки выхлопных газов Download PDF

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RU2015143212A
RU2015143212A RU2015143212A RU2015143212A RU2015143212A RU 2015143212 A RU2015143212 A RU 2015143212A RU 2015143212 A RU2015143212 A RU 2015143212A RU 2015143212 A RU2015143212 A RU 2015143212A RU 2015143212 A RU2015143212 A RU 2015143212A
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catalyst
catalyst composition
concentration
molecular sieve
composition according
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RU2015143212A
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RU2675821C2 (ru
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Джон Леонелло Каски
Джиллиан Элэйн КОЛЛИЕР
Лусия ГАБЕРОВА
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Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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Claims (38)

1. Композиция катализатора, содержащая алюмосиликатное молекулярное сито, имеющее структуру AEI и молярное отношение кремнезема к глинозему от примерно 20 до примерно 30, и от примерно 1 до примерно 5 мас.% промотирующего металла, в расчете на общую массу материала молекулярного сита.
2. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой молекулярное сито имеет молярное отношение кремнезема к глинозему от примерно 20 до примерно 22.
3. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой молекулярное сито имеет молярное отношение кремнезема к глинозему от примерно 22 до примерно 25.
4. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой молекулярное сито имеет молярное отношение кремнезема к глинозему от примерно 25 до примерно 30.
5. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой промотирующий металл выбран из группы, состоящей из меди, никеля, цинка, железа, вольфрама, молибдена, кобальта, титана, циркония, марганца, хрома, ванадия, ниобия, олова, висмута, сурьмы, рутения, родия, палладия, индия, платины, золота, серебра, или комбинации двух или более этих металлов.
6. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой промотирующим металлом является медь, железо или комбинация меди и железа.
7. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой промотирующим металлом является медь.
8. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой промотирующим металлом является железо.
9. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой медь присутствует при загрузке от примерно 2,5 до примерно 3,5 мас.%, в расчете на общую массу цеолитового материала.
10. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой медь присутствует при загрузке от примерно 3,0 до примерно 3,5 мас.%, в расчете на общую массу цеолитового материала.
11. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, в которой молекулярное сито является физической смесью структур типа AEI и FAU, при условии, что молекулярное сито является по меньшей мере на 90 мол.% структурой типа AEI.
12. Композиция катализатора по п. 10, в которой молекулярное сито является по меньшей мере на 99 мол.% структурой типа AEI.
13. Композиция катализатора, содержащая:
a. алюмосиликатное молекулярное сито, имеющее структуру AEI и молярное отношение кремнезема к глинозему от примерно 19 до примерно 30;
b. внекаркасный промотирующий металл (ПМ), расположенный на молекулярном сите и/или внутри него, при этом промотирующий металл присутствует в атомном отношении ПМ к алюминию от примерно 0,15 до примерно 1.
14. Композиция катализатора по п. 13, в которой алюминий является алюминием каркасной структуры.
15. Композиция катализатора по п. 1, где композиция является покрытием из пористого оксида «washcoat», содержащим катализатор.
16. Способ обработки выхлопных газов, включающий:
контактирование выхлопных газов, содержащих NOx и восстановитель, с композицией катализатора по п. 1;
селективное восстановление по меньшей мере части NOx до N2 и H2O.
17. Способ по п. 16, в котором выхлопные газы являются производными от двигателя внутреннего сгорания, работающего на обедненных топливных смесях.
18. Способ по п. 16, в котором восстановителем является NH3.
19. Способ по п. 18, в котором по меньшей мере часть указанного NH3 является производной от ловушки обедненного NOx (LNT), адсорбера-катализатора NOx (NAC) или материала для сохранения NOx.
20. Способ по п. 19, в котором указанные выхлопные газы, контактирующие с катализатором, изменяются попеременным образом между обогащенным состоянием и обедненным состоянием.
21. Способ обработки выхлопных газов, включающий:
контактирование выхлопных газов, содержащих первую концентрацию NOx и первую концентрацию NH3, с катализатором, чтобы производить частично обработанные выхлопные газы, имеющие вторую концентрацию NOx и вторую концентрацию NH3, при этом вторая концентрация NOx и вторая концентрация NH3 ниже, чем первая концентрация NOx и первая концентрация NH3,
контактирование частично обработанных выхлопных газов с катализатором, содержащим композицию по п. 1, чтобы окислять по меньшей мере часть NH3 и чтобы производить очищенные выхлопные газы, имеющие третью концентрацию NH3, при этом третья концентрация NH3 ниже, чем вторая концентрация NH3.
22. Каталитическое изделие, содержащее:
a. композицию катализатора по п. 1;
b. основу, на и/или внутри которой размещен катализатор.
23. Каталитическое изделие по п. 22, в котором основа является проточным монолитом.
24. Каталитическое изделие по п. 22, в котором основа является фильтром с протеканием через стенки.
25. Каталитическое изделие по п. 22, в котором катализатор является покрытием из пористого оксида «washcoat», загруженным на основу.
26. Каталитическое изделие по п. 22, в котором основа экструдирована вместе с катализатором.
27. Система для обработки выхлопных газов, содержащая:
a. каталитическое изделие по п. 22;
b. один или несколько компонентов в верхнем течении потока, выбранных из катализатора окисления дизельного топлива, абсорбера-катализатора NOx, ловушки обедненного NOx, фильтра, инжектора NH3 и катализатора селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR); и
c. необязательно катализатор, предотвращающий проскакивание аммиака ниже по течению потока.
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