PL127283B1 - Method of obtaining new methanediol diesters with penicillines and 1,1-penicillatic acid dioxide - Google Patents
Method of obtaining new methanediol diesters with penicillines and 1,1-penicillatic acid dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- PL127283B1 PL127283B1 PL1980230846A PL23084680A PL127283B1 PL 127283 B1 PL127283 B1 PL 127283B1 PL 1980230846 A PL1980230846 A PL 1980230846A PL 23084680 A PL23084680 A PL 23084680A PL 127283 B1 PL127283 B1 PL 127283B1
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- formula
- acid
- amino
- compound
- dioxide
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- -1 methanediol diesters Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde hydrate Natural products OCO CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 57
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002960 penicillins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- RBKMMJSQKNKNEV-RITPCOANSA-N penicillanic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H]1C(C)(C)S[C@@H]2CC(=O)N21 RBKMMJSQKNKNEV-RITPCOANSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- NGHVIOIJCVXTGV-ALEPSDHESA-N 6-aminopenicillanic acid Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@H]1C(C)(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H]([NH3+])C(=O)N21 NGHVIOIJCVXTGV-ALEPSDHESA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- NGHVIOIJCVXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6beta-amino-penicillanic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1C(C)(C)SC2C(N)C(=O)N21 NGHVIOIJCVXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229960005256 sulbactam Drugs 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101150041968 CDC13 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CCOC(Cl)=O RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003385 ring cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKENQMMABCRJMK-RITPCOANSA-N sulbactam Chemical compound O=S1(=O)C(C)(C)[C@H](C(O)=O)N2C(=O)C[C@H]21 FKENQMMABCRJMK-RITPCOANSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOMTVKMKHZMFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-thiazinane 1,1-dioxide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O=S1(=O)CCNCC1 UOMTVKMKHZMFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(Cl)=O JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde Chemical group NC1=NC(Cl)=C(C=O)C(Cl)=N1 GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOETUEMZNOLGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(Cl)=O YOETUEMZNOLGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMZCDNSFRSVYKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylacetyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VMZCDNSFRSVYKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJCWONGJFPCTTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxyphenylglycine Chemical group OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LJCWONGJFPCTTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930186147 Cephalosporin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical class Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000066 S-methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S* 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000004350 Strabismus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PSLUFJFHTBIXMW-WYEYVKMPSA-N [(3r,4ar,5s,6s,6as,10s,10ar,10bs)-3-ethenyl-10,10b-dihydroxy-3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-1-oxo-6-(2-pyridin-2-ylethylcarbamoyloxy)-5,6,6a,8,9,10-hexahydro-2h-benzo[f]chromen-5-yl] acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@]2(O[C@](C)(CC(=O)[C@]2(O)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)CCC(C)(C)[C@@H]21)C=C)C)OC(=O)C)C(=O)NCCC1=CC=CC=N1 PSLUFJFHTBIXMW-WYEYVKMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006242 amine protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150117004 atg18 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 229940124587 cephalosporin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro formate Chemical compound ClOC=O FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002081 enamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHYCRLGKOZWVEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCOC(C)=O MHYCRLGKOZWVEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMYNMYVRWWCRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynoxyethane Chemical group CCOC#C WMYNMYVRWWCRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004970 halomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DJANLSNABDFZLA-RQJHMYQMSA-N methyl (2S,5R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound S1C(C)(C)[C@H](C(=O)OC)N2C(=O)C[C@H]21 DJANLSNABDFZLA-RQJHMYQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl chloroformate Chemical compound COC(Cl)=O XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1CCOC1 BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005897 peptide coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOODSJOROWROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylsulfuric acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OS(O)(=O)=O MOODSJOROWROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008174 sterile solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003511 tertiary amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical class CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D499/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
- C07D499/21—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring with a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 6 and a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2
- C07D499/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring with a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 6 and a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2 with modified 2-carboxyl group
- C07D499/32—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D499/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/10—Antioedematous agents; Diuretics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/039,539 US4244951A (en) | 1979-05-16 | 1979-05-16 | Bis-esters of methanediol with penicillins and penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
PL127283B1 true PL127283B1 (en) | 1983-10-31 |
Family
ID=21906015
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PL1980224225A PL127434B1 (en) | 1979-05-16 | 1980-05-14 | Method of obtaining new methanodiole diesters with with penicillines and 1,1-penicillatic acid dioxide |
PL1980230846A PL127283B1 (en) | 1979-05-16 | 1980-05-14 | Method of obtaining new methanediol diesters with penicillines and 1,1-penicillatic acid dioxide |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PL1980224225A PL127434B1 (en) | 1979-05-16 | 1980-05-14 | Method of obtaining new methanodiole diesters with with penicillines and 1,1-penicillatic acid dioxide |
Country Status (44)
Families Citing this family (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IE49881B1 (en) * | 1979-02-13 | 1986-01-08 | Leo Pharm Prod Ltd | B-lactam intermediates |
US4309347A (en) * | 1979-05-16 | 1982-01-05 | Pfizer Inc. | Penicillanoyloxymethyl penicillanate 1,1,1',1'-tetraoxide |
DE3051044C2 (US07847105-20101207-C00016.png) * | 1979-06-19 | 1989-03-30 | Leo Pharmaceutical Products Ltd. A/S (Loevens Kemiske Fabrik Produktionsaktieselskab), Ballerup, Dk | |
US4364957A (en) * | 1979-09-26 | 1982-12-21 | Pfizer Inc. | Bis-esters of alkanediols as antibacterial agents |
US4342768A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1982-08-03 | Pfizer Inc. | Bis-esters of 1,1-alkanediols with 6-beta-hydroxymethylpenicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide and beta-lactam antibiotics |
IL61880A (en) * | 1980-01-21 | 1984-11-30 | Bristol Myers Co | 2beta-chloromethyl-2alpha-methylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid sulfone derivatives,their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
US4488994A (en) * | 1980-09-08 | 1984-12-18 | Pfizer Inc. | Bis-esters of methanediol with penicillins and penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide |
IE51516B1 (en) * | 1980-10-06 | 1987-01-07 | Leo Pharm Prod Ltd | 1,1-dioxapenicillanoyloxymethyl 6-(d-alpha-amino-alpha-phenylacetamido)penicillanate napsylate |
IL64009A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1984-09-30 | Rech Applications Therap | Crystalline 1,1-dioxopenicillanoyloxymethyl 6-(d-alpha-amino-alpha-phenylacetamido)penicillanate tosylate hydrates,their production and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
US4474698A (en) * | 1980-12-11 | 1984-10-02 | Pfizer Inc. | Process for preparing esters of penicillanic acid sulfone |
US4323499A (en) * | 1981-01-05 | 1982-04-06 | Pfizer Inc. | 6-(2-Aryl-2-(1,1-dioxopenicillanoyloxy-methoxycarbonyl)acetamido penicillanic acids |
US4478748A (en) * | 1981-02-20 | 1984-10-23 | Pfizer Inc. | Bis-esters of alkanediols |
IN157669B (US07847105-20101207-C00016.png) * | 1981-03-23 | 1986-05-17 | Pfizer | |
US4321196A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1982-03-23 | Pfizer Inc. | Bis-esters of methanediol with acetonides of ampicillin or amoxicillin and penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide |
US4393001A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1983-07-12 | Pfizer Inc. | Intermediates for production of 1,1-dioxopenicillanoyloxymethyl 6-(2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)penicillanates |
US4376076A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1983-03-08 | Pfizer Inc. | Bis-esters of 1,1-alkanediols with 6-beta-hydroxymethylpenicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide |
US4381263A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1983-04-26 | Pfizer Inc. | Process for the preparation of penicillanic acid esters |
US4582829A (en) * | 1981-09-09 | 1986-04-15 | Pfizer Inc. | Antibacterial 6'-(2-amino-2-[4-acyloxyphenyl]acetamido)penicillanoyloxymethyl penicillanate 1,1-dioxide compounds |
US4540687A (en) * | 1981-09-09 | 1985-09-10 | Pfizer Inc. | Antibacterial 6'-(2-amino-2-[4-acyloxyphenyl]acetamido)penicillanoyloxymethyl penicillanate 1,1-dioxide compounds |
ZA826687B (en) * | 1981-09-14 | 1983-07-27 | Pfizer | Beta-lactamase inhibiting 2-beta-substituted-2-alpha-methyl 5(r)penam-3-alpha-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxides and intermediates therefor |
US4351840A (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1982-09-28 | Pfizer Inc. | Antibacterial esters of resorcinol with ampicillin and penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide derivatives |
US4359472A (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1982-11-16 | Pfizer Inc. | Bis-hydroxymethyl carbonate bridged antibacterial agents |
US4457924A (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1984-07-03 | Pfizer, Inc. | 1,1-Alkanediol dicarboxylate linked antibacterial agents |
US4452796A (en) * | 1982-06-14 | 1984-06-05 | Pfizer Inc. | 6-Aminoalkylpenicillanic acid 1,1-dioxides as beta-lactamase inhibitors |
EP0084730A1 (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1983-08-03 | Beecham Group Plc | Esters of penicillin derivatives with beta-lactamase inhibitors, their preparation and their use |
US4444686A (en) * | 1982-01-25 | 1984-04-24 | Pfizer Inc. | Crystalline penicillin ester intermediate |
US4432987A (en) * | 1982-04-23 | 1984-02-21 | Pfizer Inc. | Crystalline benzenesulfonate salts of sultamicillin |
US4377590A (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1983-03-22 | Pfizer Inc. | Derivatives of ampicillin and amoxicillin with beta-lactamase inhibitors |
US4428935A (en) | 1982-05-24 | 1984-01-31 | Pfizer Inc. | Penicillanic acid dioxide prodrug |
US4375434A (en) * | 1982-06-21 | 1983-03-01 | Pfizer Inc. | Process for 6'-amino-penicillanoyloxymethyl penicillanate 1,1-dioxide |
US4530792A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1985-07-23 | Pfizer Inc. | Process and intermediates for preparation of 1,1-dioxopenicillanoyloxymethyl 6-beta-aminopenicillanate |
US4868297A (en) * | 1982-12-06 | 1989-09-19 | Pfizer Inc. | Process for preparing sultamicillin and analogs |
US4462934A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-07-31 | Pfizer Inc. | Bis-esters of dicarboxylic acids with amoxicillin and certain hydroxymethylpenicillanate 1,1-dioxides |
US4536393A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1985-08-20 | Pfizer Inc. | 6-(Aminomethyl)penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide esters and intermediates therefor |
JPS60214792A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-28 | Taiho Yakuhin Kogyo Kk | ペナム酸エステル誘導体 |
JPH01139584A (ja) * | 1987-11-25 | 1989-06-01 | Yoshitomi Pharmaceut Ind Ltd | ペニシラン酸化合物の製造法 |
GB8808001D0 (en) * | 1988-04-06 | 1988-05-05 | Scras | Stereospecific preparative process for furol(3,4-c)pyridine derivatives |
GB8808701D0 (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1988-05-18 | Erba Carlo Spa | Beta-lactam derivatives |
GB2231049A (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-11-07 | Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical | Method for producing diester compounds |
KR910009271B1 (ko) * | 1989-06-20 | 1991-11-08 | 김영설 | 1,1-디옥소페닐실라노일 옥시메틸 D-6-[α-(메틸렌아미노)페닐-아세트아미도]-페니실라네이트와 그의 파라-톨루엔술폰산염 |
DE69103003T2 (de) * | 1990-04-13 | 1994-11-03 | Pfizer Inc., Groton, Conn. | Verfahren für sultamicillinzwischenprodukt. |
CN100384857C (zh) | 2003-11-28 | 2008-04-30 | 浙江永宁制药厂 | 耐β-内酰胺酶的头孢菌素酯化合物及其盐 |
IT202000031070A1 (it) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-16 | Paolo Bonomi | Procedimento di sintesi di derivati ammidici dell’acido 8-idrossi penicillanico |
CN115385934A (zh) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-11-25 | 北京纳百生物科技有限公司 | 一种舒巴坦半抗原及其合成方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IE34948B1 (en) * | 1970-03-12 | 1975-10-01 | Leo Pharm Prod Ltd | New penicillin esters |
GB1303491A (US07847105-20101207-C00016.png) * | 1970-03-24 | 1973-01-17 | ||
GB1335718A (en) * | 1971-05-05 | 1973-10-31 | Leo Pharm Prod Ltd | Penicillin esters salts thereof and methods for their preparation |
US3838152A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1974-09-24 | American Home Prod | Poly alpha-amino penicillins |
DE2460477A1 (de) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-07-10 | Yamanouchi Pharma Co Ltd | Verbessertes verfahren zur herstellung von 6-alkoxy-substituierten penicillinen |
GB1467604A (en) * | 1974-06-27 | 1977-03-16 | Toyama Chemical Co Ltd | Bis-type penicillins and process for producing the same |
GB1578128A (en) * | 1976-03-30 | 1980-11-05 | Leo Pharm Prod Ltd | Amidinopenicillanoyloxyalkyl amoxycillinates |
IN149747B (US07847105-20101207-C00016.png) * | 1977-06-07 | 1982-04-03 | Pfizer | |
KR830001903B1 (ko) * | 1979-02-13 | 1983-09-19 | 레오 파마슈티칼 프로덕츠 리미티드 | 페니실란산유도체의 제조방법 |
IE49881B1 (en) | 1979-02-13 | 1986-01-08 | Leo Pharm Prod Ltd | B-lactam intermediates |
-
1979
- 1979-05-16 US US06/039,539 patent/US4244951A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-03-31 ZA ZA00801885A patent/ZA801885B/xx unknown
- 1980-04-22 IN IN290/DEL/80A patent/IN154371B/en unknown
- 1980-05-08 CS CS803252A patent/CS276964B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-08 HU HU801136A patent/HU184754B/hu unknown
- 1980-05-08 SU SU802921352A patent/SU1122226A3/ru active
- 1980-05-09 RO RO108682A patent/RO84151B/ro unknown
- 1980-05-09 RO RO80101076A patent/RO80220A/ro unknown
- 1980-05-09 BG BG047702A patent/BG35467A3/xx unknown
- 1980-05-13 NO NO801415A patent/NO801415L/no unknown
- 1980-05-13 SE SE8003603A patent/SE449749B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-13 FI FI801546A patent/FI71742C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-13 CA CA000351802A patent/CA1200545A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-14 FR FR8010886A patent/FR2456745A1/fr active Granted
- 1980-05-14 DK DK211880A patent/DK159786C/da active
- 1980-05-14 PL PL1980224225A patent/PL127434B1/pl unknown
- 1980-05-14 NZ NZ193713A patent/NZ193713A/en unknown
- 1980-05-14 GR GR61944A patent/GR68468B/el unknown
- 1980-05-14 LU LU82452A patent/LU82452A1/fr unknown
- 1980-05-14 AR AR281014A patent/AR226062A1/es active
- 1980-05-14 IL IL60074A patent/IL60074A/xx unknown
- 1980-05-14 PL PL1980230846A patent/PL127283B1/pl unknown
- 1980-05-14 BE BE0/200615A patent/BE883299A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-14 AT AT0258880A patent/AT369373B/de active
- 1980-05-14 NL NL8002793A patent/NL8002793A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-05-14 DE DE19803018590 patent/DE3018590A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-05-14 CH CH380680A patent/CH646177A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-14 MX MX808811U patent/MX6717E/es unknown
- 1980-05-14 PH PH24029A patent/PH16554A/en unknown
- 1980-05-14 ES ES491534A patent/ES491534A0/es active Granted
- 1980-05-14 DE DE19803050440 patent/DE3050440A1/de active Pending
- 1980-05-14 AU AU58396/80A patent/AU520066B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-15 GB GB8016136A patent/GB2051057B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-15 KR KR1019800001917A patent/KR840000105B1/ko active
- 1980-05-15 JP JP6465480A patent/JPS55157589A/ja active Granted
- 1980-05-15 PT PT71248A patent/PT71248A/pt unknown
- 1980-05-15 IE IE1007/80A patent/IE49892B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-15 IT IT22097/80A patent/IT1131187B/it active
- 1980-05-15 YU YU1303/80A patent/YU41925B/xx unknown
- 1980-05-15 GB GB8127095A patent/GB2081269B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-16 GT GT198063473A patent/GT198063473A/es unknown
- 1980-05-16 DD DD80221170A patent/DD150898A5/de unknown
- 1980-05-17 EG EG308/80A patent/EG15129A/xx active
-
1981
- 1981-02-20 FR FR8103436A patent/FR2477154A1/fr active Granted
- 1981-04-27 SU SU813274747A patent/SU1122228A3/ru active
- 1981-04-27 PH PH25556A patent/PH15539A/en unknown
- 1981-04-27 PH PH25555A patent/PH15706A/en unknown
-
1982
- 1982-01-18 AT AT0016082A patent/AT377522B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-03-23 NO NO831026A patent/NO831026L/no unknown
- 1983-03-23 NO NO831025A patent/NO831025L/no unknown
-
1984
- 1984-08-13 SG SG562/84A patent/SG56284G/en unknown
- 1984-09-24 KE KE3460A patent/KE3460A/xx unknown
- 1984-09-24 KE KE3457A patent/KE3457A/xx unknown
-
1985
- 1985-12-30 MY MY322/85A patent/MY8500322A/xx unknown
- 1985-12-30 MY MY324/85A patent/MY8500324A/xx unknown
-
1987
- 1987-09-17 HK HK667/87A patent/HK66787A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-09-17 HK HK669/87A patent/HK66987A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-05-05 EC EC1994001080A patent/ECSP941080A/es unknown
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