NO154345B - Analogifremgangsmaate for fremstilling av kardiotonisk virksomme 5-(pyridinyl)-2(1h)-pyridinoner. - Google Patents

Analogifremgangsmaate for fremstilling av kardiotonisk virksomme 5-(pyridinyl)-2(1h)-pyridinoner. Download PDF

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Publication number
NO154345B
NO154345B NO803550A NO803550A NO154345B NO 154345 B NO154345 B NO 154345B NO 803550 A NO803550 A NO 803550A NO 803550 A NO803550 A NO 803550A NO 154345 B NO154345 B NO 154345B
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Prior art keywords
nylon
carbon black
filaments
pyridinones
pyridinyl
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NO803550A
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English (en)
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NO154345C (no
NO803550L (no
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George Yohe Lesher
Richard Everett Philion
Donald Frederick Page
Chester Joseph Opalka
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Sterling Drug Inc
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Priority claimed from US06/135,100 external-priority patent/US4297360A/en
Priority claimed from US06/198,461 external-priority patent/US4313951A/en
Application filed by Sterling Drug Inc filed Critical Sterling Drug Inc
Publication of NO803550L publication Critical patent/NO803550L/no
Publication of NO154345B publication Critical patent/NO154345B/no
Publication of NO154345C publication Critical patent/NO154345C/no

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/84Nitriles
    • C07D213/85Nitriles in position 3
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/24Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/44Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
    • C07D213/46Oxygen atoms
    • C07D213/50Ketonic radicals
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/62Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D213/63One oxygen atom
    • C07D213/64One oxygen atom attached in position 2 or 6
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    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/72Nitrogen atoms
    • C07D213/73Unsubstituted amino or imino radicals
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    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/72Nitrogen atoms
    • C07D213/74Amino or imino radicals substituted by hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals
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    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/72Nitrogen atoms
    • C07D213/75Amino or imino radicals, acylated by carboxylic or carbonic acids, or by sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof, e.g. carbamates
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79Acids; Esters
    • C07D213/80Acids; Esters in position 3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81Amides; Imides
    • C07D213/82Amides; Imides in position 3

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Description

Fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av nylon som inneholder carbon black jevnt dispergert deri.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av nylon inneholdende carbon black, jevnt dispergert deri.
Det er kjent å fremstille filamenter
fra nylon med carbon black jevnt fordelt deri. Filamenter fremstilt fra nylon fylt med carbon black frembyr mange fordeler ved fremstillingen sammenlignet med filamenter farvet etter fremstillingen. Noen av disse fordeler er farveekthet og jevnhet. Skjønt forskjellige måter har vært foreslått for å blande og arbeide carbon black inn i nylon for å få en god dispergering deri, oppviser filamenter eller lignende tråd-formig materiale som er smeltespunnet fra carboninneholdende nylon tydelig dårli-gere fysikalske egenskaper, særlig med hensyn til strekkfasthet. Nedsettelsen i
styrke er større enn man skulle vente når virkningen av tilsetning av andre materialer til nylon, for eksempel varmestabili-satorer, lysstabillsatorer, anti-skumnings-midler, viskositetsstabilisatorer og matter-ingsmidler, tas i betraktning.
Ved de tidligere foreslåtte pigmenterin-ger av nylon ble anvendt kommersielt til-gjengelige carbon blacks. Ifølge britisk pa-tent nr. 846 907 har man også anvendt furnace carbon blacks med lavt oxygeninnhold. Analyser av de forskjellige typer av kommersielle sorte pigmenter viser at det molekylære oxygeninnhold deri kan være så høyt som 12 vektprosent. I denne
forbindelse henvises til Industrial and
Engineering Chemistry, Bind 48, side 162— 166, Januar 1956. Av det totale molekylære oxygeninnhold antas ca. 18 prosent å være tilstede i 1,4-kinon-formen og fra 5 til 19 prosent i form av carboxylgrupper. Dess-uten er der for hver 3,2 oxygenatomer i carboxylgruppene øyensynlig tilstede et oxygenatom i form av fenolgrupper. Ved noen anvendelser, så som ved forsterkning av gummimaterialer, er tilstedeværelsen av molekylært oxygen i carbon black ganske fordelaktig. Det har imidlertid vist seg at konvensjonelle carbon blacks er dårlige materialer for pigmentering av nylonsmel-ter, idet de innvirker uheldig på de fysikalske egenskaper av filamentene og lignende, fremstilt derav.
I henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse har det vist seg at carbon black behandlet slik at det molekylære oxygeninnhold derav er redusert til under 3,0 vektprosent, lettere kan inkorporeres i nylon ved intim sammenblanding av de to materialer, og at det erholdte pigmenterte nylon kan smelte-spinnes til tekstilfilamenter av utmerket kvalitet. Fortrinnsvis er oxygeninnholdet av det anvendte carbon black 0,05—2,5 vektprosent på det tidspunkt da det inkorporeres i nylonet.
Nylon er et velkjent materiale og fremstilles ved polykondensasjon av dicarboxyl-syrer og diaminer eller ved polykondensasjon av aminosyrer for å danne høymole-kylvekts polymerer. Særlig fordelaktig nylon fremstilles ved polykondensasjonen av hexamethylendiamin og adipinsyre eller ved polykondensasjon av 6-aminocapron-syre. Ved foreliggende oppfinnelse kan også nylonpolymer blandinger og copolymerer pigmenteres. Ved foreliggende fremgangsmåte fremstilles nylon som inneholder carbon black jevnt dispergert, under anvendelse av et carbon black som inneholder større mengder oxygen i fri eller bundet form, idet oxygeninnholdet i carbon black nedsettes til under 3 pst. hvorpå det på kjent måte blandes intimt med nylon.
Flere metoder har vist seg egnet for å oppnå det nødvendige lave oxygeninnhold i carbon black. En foretrukken metode for å nedsette oxygeninnholdet av carbon blacks går ut på å oppvarme materialet i en hyd-rogenatmosfære i nærvær av platinaoxyd. En annen fremgangsmåte innbefatter å bringe carbon black materialet i intim kon-takt med ca. 2—4 prosent diazomethan i absolutt ether. En tredje fremgangsmåte er en lengre behandling av carbon black pigmentet ved 1000°C i en strøm av nitrogen-gass eller under vakuum.
Det behandlede carbon black med en gjennomsnittlig partikkelstørrelse på 5—70 millimikron kan inkorporeres i nylon på forskjellige konvensjonelle måter. Dispergering av carbon black materialene med lavt innhold av molekylært oxygen kan lettere oppnåes i mengder på ca. 0,05—10 vektprosent. Ubehandlede carbon blacks er tilbøyelige til å danne agglomerater og kostbare og tidskrevende operasjoner kre-ves for å redusere agglomeratdannelsen. Det er ganske forbausende at behandlede carbon blacks ikke er tilbøyelig til å danne slike agglomerater.
En foretrukken måte for å dispergere de behandlede carbon blacks i nylon innbefatter å blande materialene omhyggelig mens nylonet er i smeltet tilstand. De sorte pigmenter kan imidlertid tilsettes under eller før polykondensasjonen av det nylondannende materiale begynner.
En annen viktig fremgangsmåte innbefatter å omrøre fliser av nylon og findelt carbon black og derpå smelte de erholdte belagte nylonfliser. Det smeltede nylon blir så ekstrudert til jevnt sortfarvede filamenter av høy kvalitet. Artikler kan formes fra det sorte nylon, filmer og bust kan ekstru-deres fra dette og overflater kan belegges med det.
For en mere detaljert beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen henvises til de følgende spe-sielle eksempler. Alle deler og prosenter er angitt i vekt hvor ikke annet uttrykke-lig er anført.
Eksempel 1.
Carbon black med et molekylært oxygeninnhold på 12 prosent ble tilsatt til en strøm av smeltet nylon-66-polymer av fi-berkvalitet. Mengden av pigment var slik at blandingen inneholdt 1,0 prosent pigment. Den erholdte strøm ble ført gjennom en tannhjulpumpe og derpå gjennom åpningene på en smeltespinningsdyse for å frembringe en bunt på 140 filamenter. Filamentene ble trukket til en total denier på 840. Mange brudd i filamentene inntrådte under trekkingen. En nærmere under-søkelse av garnet viste nærvær av agglomerater av carbon black hvilket betød en dårlig dispergering av pigment i polymeren. Strekkfastheten av garnet var bare 2,5 g/denier.
Eksempel 2.
Det i eksempel 1 anvendte carbon black ble oppvarmet i en nitrogenatmo-sfære ved 1000°C i ca. 150 minutter. Ved slutten av behandlingen viste en analyse av en prøve at den hadde et molekylært oxygeninnhold på 0,25 prosent. Det således behandlede carbon black ble tilsatt til en strøm av smeltet nylon-66-polymer av fi-berkvalitet. Mengden av sort pigment var slik at blandingen inneholdt 1,0 prosent pigment. Den dannede strøm ble ført gjennom en tannhjulspumpe og så gjennom åpningene på en smeltespinnedyse for å fremstille en bunt på 140 filamenter. Filamentene ble trukket til en total denier på 840. Meget få brudd på filamentene inntrådte under trekningen. En nærmere un-dersøkelse av garnet viste at praktisk talt ingen agglomerater av carbon black var tilstede, hvilket betød en utmerket dispergering av pigmentet i polymeren. Strekkfastheten på garnet var 6,5 g/denier.
Lignende forbedringer ble funnet når nylon-6 ble pigmentert med carbon black av lavt molekylært oxygeninnhold og når oxygeninnholdet av det anvendte carbon black ble redusert på andre måter.
Det vil således sees at foreliggende oppfinnelse gir mange fordeler. Der skaffes en bekvem proses for fremstilling av carbon-fylt nylon. Det sorte pigment dispergeres lettere i nylonet. Mindre agglomeratdan-nelse inntrer når det behandlede sorte pigment inkorporeres i nylon.

Claims (1)

  1. Fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av nylon som inneholder carbon black jevnt dispergert, under anvendelse av et carbon black som inneholder større mengder oxygen i fri eller bundet form, karakterisert ved at oxygeninnholdet i carbon black nedsettes til under 3 pst. hvorpå det på kjent måte blandes intimt med nylon.
NO803550A 1979-11-26 1980-11-25 Analogifremgangsmaate for fremstilling av kardiotonisk virksomme 5-(pyridinyl)-2(1h)-pyridinoner. NO154345C (no)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9750479A 1979-11-26 1979-11-26
US06/135,100 US4297360A (en) 1980-03-28 1980-03-28 5-(Pyridinyl)pyridine-2,3-diamines, preparation thereof and their cardiotonic use
US06/198,461 US4313951A (en) 1979-11-26 1980-10-20 3-Substituted-6-(lower-alkyl)-5-(pyridinyl)-2(1H)-pyridinones, their cardiotonic use and intermediates therefor
US06/204,726 US4312875A (en) 1980-03-28 1980-11-06 5-(Pyridinyl)-6-(lower-alkyl)-2(1H)-pyridinones, 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-5-(pyridinyl)-6-(lower-alkyl)nicotinic acids and lower-alkyl esters thereof, and cardiotonic use thereof

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Publication Number Publication Date
NO803550L NO803550L (no) 1981-05-27
NO154345B true NO154345B (no) 1986-05-26
NO154345C NO154345C (no) 1986-09-03

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NO803550A NO154345C (no) 1979-11-26 1980-11-25 Analogifremgangsmaate for fremstilling av kardiotonisk virksomme 5-(pyridinyl)-2(1h)-pyridinoner.
NO85854001A NO156127C (no) 1979-11-26 1985-10-09 1-pyridinyl-2(dialkylamino)-etenylalkylketoner.

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO85854001A NO156127C (no) 1979-11-26 1985-10-09 1-pyridinyl-2(dialkylamino)-etenylalkylketoner.

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AT (1) AT379387B (no)
CH (1) CH649535A5 (no)
DE (1) DE3044568A1 (no)
DK (1) DK151799C (no)
ES (1) ES8301920A1 (no)
FI (1) FI76564C (no)
FR (2) FR2470124B1 (no)
GB (2) GB2065642B (no)
GR (1) GR71608B (no)
HK (2) HK31189A (no)
IE (1) IE50632B1 (no)
IL (2) IL61501A (no)
IT (1) IT1148740B (no)
LU (1) LU82957A1 (no)
MX (1) MX155904A (no)
NL (2) NL192202C (no)
NO (2) NO154345C (no)
NZ (1) NZ195564A (no)
PT (1) PT72106B (no)
SE (1) SE442398B (no)

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US4465686A (en) * 1981-09-08 1984-08-14 Sterling Drug Inc. 5-(Hydroxy- and/or amino-phenyl)-6-(lower-alkyl)-2-(1H)-pyridinones, their cardiotonic use and preparation
FR2529891A1 (fr) * 1982-07-12 1984-01-13 Nativelle Sa Ets Derives du pyridyl-3 alcoxy-5 pyrazole, procede de preparation et application en therapeutique
IL69407A (en) * 1982-08-23 1987-10-20 Warner Lambert Co 2(1h)-pyridinones,their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL70169A0 (en) * 1982-11-18 1984-02-29 Sterling Drug Inc 2(1h)-pyridinones,their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
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AU8495091A (en) * 1990-08-21 1992-03-17 Upjohn Company, The Bisphosphonic acid derivatives as anti-arthritic agents
CZ403592A3 (en) * 1992-02-20 1993-12-15 Hoechst Ag Arylcarbonylaminoalkyldihydrooxopyridines, process of their preparation and their use
US7772188B2 (en) 2003-01-28 2010-08-10 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders
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HK31189A (en) 1989-04-21
GB8315983D0 (en) 1983-07-13
FI76564C (fi) 1988-11-10
CH649535A5 (fr) 1985-05-31
NL970028I2 (nl) 1998-03-02
IL61501A (en) 1984-06-29
NL192202B (nl) 1996-11-01
FR2553767A1 (fr) 1985-04-26
FI803652L (fi) 1981-05-27
DE3044568A1 (de) 1981-08-27
IT8026218A0 (it) 1980-11-25
NL8006399A (nl) 1981-06-16
NO154345C (no) 1986-09-03
FI76564B (fi) 1988-07-29
GB2131421B (en) 1985-06-26
IL69847A0 (en) 1983-12-30
GB2065642B (en) 1984-04-04
MX155904A (es) 1988-05-23
HK83090A (en) 1990-10-19
PT72106A (fr) 1980-12-01
DK151799C (da) 1988-06-20
NL970028I1 (nl) 1997-10-01
IE802430L (en) 1981-05-26
SE8008252L (sv) 1981-05-27
DE3044568C2 (no) 1990-11-29
FR2553767B1 (fr) 1987-01-16
NO803550L (no) 1981-05-27
LU82957A1 (fr) 1981-06-04
DK501180A (da) 1981-05-27
ES507620A0 (es) 1982-11-16
IT1148740B (it) 1986-12-03
GB2131421A (en) 1984-06-20
FR2470124B1 (fr) 1986-12-19
NL192202C (nl) 1997-03-04
NZ195564A (en) 1983-09-30
SE442398B (sv) 1985-12-23
FR2470124A1 (fr) 1981-05-29
DK151799B (da) 1988-01-04
IL61501A0 (en) 1981-05-20
ES8301920A1 (es) 1982-11-16
NO156127C (no) 1987-07-29
IE50632B1 (en) 1986-05-28
NO156127B (no) 1987-04-21
AT379387B (de) 1985-12-27
GB2065642A (en) 1981-07-01
PT72106B (fr) 1981-09-29
NO854001L (no) 1981-05-27
GR71608B (no) 1983-06-17
ATA578080A (de) 1985-05-15

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