KR940007072A - 올레핀계 단량체와의 에틸렌 공중합체. 그의 제조방법 및 촉매 - Google Patents
올레핀계 단량체와의 에틸렌 공중합체. 그의 제조방법 및 촉매 Download PDFInfo
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- KR940007072A KR940007072A KR1019930019666A KR930019666A KR940007072A KR 940007072 A KR940007072 A KR 940007072A KR 1019930019666 A KR1019930019666 A KR 1019930019666A KR 930019666 A KR930019666 A KR 930019666A KR 940007072 A KR940007072 A KR 940007072A
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- olefin
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 4
- -1 organometallic aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical group CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 3
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical group CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical group CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical group CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QTULRRSTQFQXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].C[Si](=[Zr+2](C1(C(=C(C(=C1)C)C)C)C)C1(C(=C(C(=C1)C)C)C)C)C Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C[Si](=[Zr+2](C1(C(=C(C(=C1)C)C)C)C)C1(C(=C(C(=C1)C)C)C)C)C QTULRRSTQFQXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- ZMMRKRFMSDTOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].C1C=CC=C1.C1C=CC=C1 ZMMRKRFMSDTOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical group [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010703 silicon Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Chemical group CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
- C08F4/65922—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
- C08F4/65927—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually bridged
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
- C08F210/18—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers with non-conjugated dienes, e.g. EPT rubbers
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
Abstract
본원 발명은 공단량체의 몰 백분율(%α)과 공중합체의 밀도(D)가 관계식 % α+150D≤141을 만족함을 특징으로 하는 (a) α-올레핀, (b) 시클로올레핀 및/또는 (c) 디엔으로 부터 선택된 공단량체와의 에틸렌 공중합체 및 그의 제조방법 및 촉매에 관한 것이다.
Description
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
Claims (12)
- 에틸렌 단위의 함량이 80∼90 몰%이고, α-올레핀계, 시클로올레핀계 및/또는 폴리엔계 공단량체로 부터 유도된 단위의 함량이 1∼20몰%이고, (a) 식 CH2=CH-CH2R의 α-올레핀(식중, R은 수소 또는 탄소수 1 내지 20의 직쇄, 즉쇄 또는 시클릭 알킬 라디칼이다.), (b) 시클로올레핀, 및 (c) 폴리엔에서 선택된 하나 이상의 공단량체와의 에틸렌 공중합체에 있어서, α-올레핀계 공단량체의 몰 백분율(%α)과 공중합체의 밀도(D)가 관계식 %α+150D≤141을 만족함을 특징으로 하는 에틸렌 공중합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, α-올레핀계 공단량체의 몰 백분율(%α) 및 공중합체의 밀도(D)가 관계식 % α+150D≤140을 만족하는 에틸렌 공중합체.
- 제1 또는 2항에 있어서, 식 CH2=CH-CH2R의 α-올레핀은 프로필렌, 1-부텐, 1-헥센 및 1-옥텐으로 부터 선택되는 에틸렌 공중합체.
- 하기의 (A)와 (B)와의 반응 생성물로 부터 수득된 촉매계의 존재하에서 수행되는, 식 CH3=CH-CH2R(식중, R은 탄소수 1 내지 20의 직쇄, 측쇄 또는 시클릭 알킬 라디칼이다.)의 α-올레핀, 시클로올레핀 및/또는 폴리엔으로 부터 선택된 하나 이상의 공단량체와의 에틸렌 공중합체의 제조방법. (A) 일반식 XR1 2(C5R1 4)2ZrQ1Q2의 지르코노센(식중, X은 탄소, 실리콘 또는 게르마늄 원자이고, 치환기 R1은 같거나 다르고, 탄소수 1 내지 7의 알킬 라디칼이고, C5R1 4은 치환된 시클로펜타디에닐 고리이고, 기 XR1 2가교는 두개의 시클로펜타디에닐 고리 C5R1 4를 연결하고, Q1및 Q2은 같거나 다르고, 수소, 할로겐 또는 R1이다.), 및 (B) 유기 금속성 알루미늄 화합물과 물간의 몰비가 1:1 이상, 약 100:1 이하인, 물과 식 AlR2 3-zHz의 유기 금속성 알루미늄 화합물간의 반응 생성물(식중, 치환기 R2은같거나, 다르고, Si 또는 Ge 원자를 함유할 수 있는 탄소수 1∼10의 알킬, 알케닐 또는 알킬아릴 라디칼이고, 단 치환기 R2중 하나 이상은 직쇄 알킬기와 다르고, Z은 0 또는 1이다.).
- 제4항에 있어서, 지르코노센 화합물이 디메틸실란디일-비스(테트라메틸시클로펜타디에닐) 지르코늄디클로라이드인 방법.
- 제4항 또는 5항에 있어서, 유기 금속성 알루미늄 화합물이 트리이소부틸 알루미늄인 방법.
- 제4항 내지 6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 지방족 또는 지환족 탄화 수소 용매의 존재하에서 수행하는 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 탄화수소 용매가 액체 상태의 프로판 및 부텐에서 선택되는 방법.
- 제4 내지 8항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 방법으로 수득가능한 에틸렌 공중합체.
- 하기의 (A) 및 (B)간의 반응 생성물을 함유하는 올레핀의 중합 반응용 촉매, (A) 일반식 XR1 2(C5R1 4)ZrQ1Q2의 지르코노센 (식중, X는 탄소, 실리콘 또는 게르마늄 원자이고, 치환기 R1은 같거나 다르고, 탄소수 1 내지 7의 알킬라디칼이고, C5R1 4은 치환된 시클로펜타디에닐 고리이고, 기 XR1 2가교는 두개의 시클로펜타디에닐 고리 C5R1 4를 연결하고, Q1및 Q2은 같거나 다르고, 수소, 할로겐 또는 R1이다.), 및 (B) 유기 금속성 알루미늄 화합물과 물간의 몰비가 1:1 이상, 약 100:1 이하인, 물과 식 AlR2 3-zH2의 유기 금속성 알루미늄 화합물간의 반응 생성물(식중, 치환기 R2은 같거나, 다르고, Si 또는 Ge 원자를 함유할 수 있는 탄소수 1∼10의 알킬, 알케닐 또는 알킬아릴 라디칼이고, 단 치환기 R2중 하나 이상은 3개 이상의 탄소 원자를 함유하고, 바람직하기로는 측쇄이며, Z은 0 또는 1이다.).
- 제10항에 있어서, 지르코노센 화합물이 디메틸실란디일-비스(테트라메틸시클로펜타디에닐) 지르코늄디클로라이드인 촉매.
- 제10항 또는 11항에 있어서, 유기 금속성 알루미늄 화합물이 트리이소부틸 알루미늄인 촉매.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI922180A IT1255514B (it) | 1992-09-24 | 1992-09-24 | Copolimeri dell'etilene con monomeri olefinici, processo per la loro preparazione e catalizzatore |
| ITMI92A002180 | 1992-09-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR940007072A true KR940007072A (ko) | 1994-04-26 |
| KR100294783B1 KR100294783B1 (ko) | 2001-09-17 |
Family
ID=11363985
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019930019666A KR100294783B1 (ko) | 1992-09-24 | 1993-09-24 | 올레핀계단량체와의에틸렌공중합체,그의제조방법및촉매 |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0589364B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP3461539B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR100294783B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN1050141C (ko) |
| AT (1) | ATE315593T1 (ko) |
| AU (1) | AU672425B2 (ko) |
| BR (1) | BR9303880A (ko) |
| CA (1) | CA2106733C (ko) |
| DE (1) | DE69333963T2 (ko) |
| ES (1) | ES2256835T3 (ko) |
| FI (1) | FI934167A (ko) |
| IT (1) | IT1255514B (ko) |
| NO (2) | NO303341B1 (ko) |
| PL (1) | PL173769B1 (ko) |
| RU (1) | RU2140930C1 (ko) |
| ZA (1) | ZA937012B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1270253B (it) * | 1994-06-20 | 1997-04-29 | Spherilene Srl | Copolimeri dell'etilene e procedimento per la preparazione di polimeri dell'etilene |
| FI970349A (fi) * | 1997-01-28 | 1998-07-29 | Borealis As | Uudet metalloseeniyhdisteiden aktivaattorisysteemit |
| US5866706A (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 1999-02-02 | Boulder Scientific Co. | Preparation and separation of RAC and MESO compound mixtures |
| US6960634B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2005-11-01 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Methods for adjusting melt properties of metallocene catalyzed olefin copolymers |
| EP1803747A1 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-04 | Borealis Technology Oy | Surface-modified polymerization catalysts for the preparation of low-gel polyolefin films |
| KR101561381B1 (ko) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-10-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 폴리부텐-1 단독 중합체 또는 공중합체의 제조방법 |
| KR101747401B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-08 | 2017-06-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 가공성이 우수한 에틸렌/알파-올레핀 공중합체 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0780933B2 (ja) * | 1986-11-20 | 1995-08-30 | 三井石油化学工業株式会社 | オレフインの重合方法 |
| IT1237398B (it) * | 1989-01-31 | 1993-06-01 | Ausimont Srl | Catalizzatori per la polimerizzazione di olefine. |
| US5369196A (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1994-11-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Production process of olefin based polymers |
| PT575875E (pt) * | 1992-06-18 | 2001-01-31 | Montell Technology Company Bv | Catalisadores para a polimerizacao de olefinas |
-
1992
- 1992-09-24 IT ITMI922180A patent/IT1255514B/it active IP Right Grant
-
1993
- 1993-09-17 AT AT93114988T patent/ATE315593T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-17 DE DE69333963T patent/DE69333963T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-17 ES ES93114988T patent/ES2256835T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-17 EP EP93114988A patent/EP0589364B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1993-09-22 ZA ZA937012A patent/ZA937012B/xx unknown
- 1993-09-22 CA CA002106733A patent/CA2106733C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-22 JP JP23669493A patent/JP3461539B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-23 BR BR9303880A patent/BR9303880A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-23 NO NO933386A patent/NO303341B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-23 RU RU93054770A patent/RU2140930C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-23 AU AU47569/93A patent/AU672425B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-09-23 PL PL93300469A patent/PL173769B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-23 FI FI934167A patent/FI934167A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-09-24 KR KR1019930019666A patent/KR100294783B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-24 CN CN93119613A patent/CN1050141C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-02-04 NO NO980486A patent/NO980486D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL300469A1 (en) | 1994-04-18 |
| DE69333963T2 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
| AU672425B2 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
| DE69333963D1 (de) | 2006-04-06 |
| EP0589364A3 (ko) | 1994-08-03 |
| NO933386L (no) | 1994-03-25 |
| ES2256835T3 (es) | 2006-07-16 |
| FI934167A (fi) | 1994-03-25 |
| NO933386D0 (no) | 1993-09-23 |
| NO980486L (no) | 1994-03-25 |
| NO303341B1 (no) | 1998-06-29 |
| KR100294783B1 (ko) | 2001-09-17 |
| PL173769B1 (pl) | 1998-04-30 |
| EP0589364B1 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
| ATE315593T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
| CA2106733C (en) | 2009-05-12 |
| ITMI922180A1 (it) | 1994-03-24 |
| IT1255514B (it) | 1995-11-09 |
| JP3461539B2 (ja) | 2003-10-27 |
| CN1088588A (zh) | 1994-06-29 |
| CN1050141C (zh) | 2000-03-08 |
| FI934167A0 (fi) | 1993-09-23 |
| NO980486D0 (no) | 1998-02-04 |
| ZA937012B (en) | 1994-04-18 |
| ITMI922180A0 (it) | 1992-09-24 |
| CA2106733A1 (en) | 1994-03-25 |
| AU4756993A (en) | 1994-03-31 |
| RU2140930C1 (ru) | 1999-11-10 |
| JPH06192340A (ja) | 1994-07-12 |
| EP0589364A2 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
| BR9303880A (pt) | 1994-06-21 |
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