KR930001137A - 폴리머 후막 회로 제작 방법 및 그 개인 데이타 카드 - Google Patents
폴리머 후막 회로 제작 방법 및 그 개인 데이타 카드 Download PDFInfo
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- KR930001137A KR930001137A KR1019920010202A KR920010202A KR930001137A KR 930001137 A KR930001137 A KR 930001137A KR 1019920010202 A KR1019920010202 A KR 1019920010202A KR 920010202 A KR920010202 A KR 920010202A KR 930001137 A KR930001137 A KR 930001137A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/24—Reinforcing the conductive pattern
- H05K3/245—Reinforcing conductive patterns made by printing techniques or by other techniques for applying conductive pastes, inks or powders; Reinforcing other conductive patterns by such techniques
- H05K3/246—Reinforcing conductive paste, ink or powder patterns by other methods, e.g. by plating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/378—Special inks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07773—Antenna details
- G06K19/07788—Antenna details the antenna being of the capacitive type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/4805—Shape
- H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
- H01L2224/48091—Arched
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
- H01L2224/48225—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
- H01L2224/48227—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/484—Connecting portions
- H01L2224/48463—Connecting portions the connecting portion on the bonding area of the semiconductor or solid-state body being a ball bond
- H01L2224/48464—Connecting portions the connecting portion on the bonding area of the semiconductor or solid-state body being a ball bond the other connecting portion not on the bonding area also being a ball bond, i.e. ball-to-ball
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
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- H01L2924/01013—Aluminum [Al]
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- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
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- H01L2924/01029—Copper [Cu]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01078—Platinum [Pt]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01079—Gold [Au]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01087—Francium [Fr]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/19—Details of hybrid assemblies other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/1901—Structure
- H01L2924/1904—Component type
- H01L2924/19041—Component type being a capacitor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/30—Technical effects
- H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
- H01L2924/3011—Impedance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
- H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
- H05K1/095—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks for polymer thick films, i.e. having a permanent organic polymeric binder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
- H05K2203/0703—Plating
- H05K2203/072—Electroless plating, e.g. finish plating or initial plating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/901—Printed circuit
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49155—Manufacturing circuit on or in base
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49155—Manufacturing circuit on or in base
- Y10T29/49162—Manufacturing circuit on or in base by using wire as conductive path
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
Abstract
내용 없음
Description
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 본 발명에 따라 구조된 무접촉 개인 데이타 카드의 투시도,
제2도는 제1도에 2-2평면을 따라 절취된 개인 데이타 카드의 단면도.
Claims (9)
- 전도성 잉크로 폴리머 막(14)상에 전도성 패드(16,17)와 상호 접속 통로(18)의 형태를 프린팅하여 폴리머후막 회로(12)를 형성하는단계와, 막 위에 선택된 패드로 니켈층(22)을 적용하는단계와, 상기 선택된 패드상의 니켈층 위에 골드층(24)을 적용하는 단계와, 니켈 그리고 다음에는 골드가 그곳에 적용되는 상기 선택된 패드의 대응하는 하나와, 적어도 한개의 반도체 다이(19)와, 상관되는 다수개의 리드(21)의 각각과 와이어 결합하는 단계와, 적어도 한개의 추가 층(28,30,32)을 막에 적층시키는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 개인 데이타카드 제작방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 니켈은 무전해 도금으로 상기 선택된 패드에 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 개인 데이타카드 제작방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 골드는 무전해 도금으로 상기 선택된 패드상에 니켈에 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 개인 데이타카드 제작방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 보강층(28)은 폴리머 막의 제1표면에 적층되고, 전방 및 후방 라벨(30,32)은 각각의 막과 보강층에 각각 적층되는 것을 특징으로 하는 개인 데이타카드 제작방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 코일(26)은 막에 부측되고, 막 위에 한쌍의 전도성 패드의 대응하는 한개에 접속된 쌍의 리드(27)의 각각을 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 개인 데이타카드 제작 방법.
- 폴리머 막(14)의 시트로 형성된 폴리머 후막 회로(12)는 전도성 잉크로 그위에 프린트된 상호 접속 통로(18)와 패드(16,17)의 형태를 가지고, 다수개의 선택된 패드의 각각은 그곳에 적용되는 니켈층(22)과 니켈층을 덮는 골드층(24)을 구비하고, 적어도 한개의 반도체 다이(19)는 리드(21)에 의해 니켈 그리고 다음에 골드가 그곳에 적용되는 선택된 패드의 대응하는 한개와 각각 와이어 결합돠는 다수개의 접점(20)을 구비하고, 적어도 한개의 추가 층(28,30,32)은 폴리머 후막 회로에 적충되는 것을 특징으로 하는 개인 데이타 카드.
- 제6항에 있어서, 폴리머 막 위에 프린트된 전도성잉크는 구리 부하된 폴리머 잉크를 포함하는 특징으로 하는 개인 데이타 카드
- 제6항에 있어서, 코일(26)은 카드내로 ac 결합용 폴림 막에 부착되는 것을 특징으로 하는 개인 데이타 카드 .
- 제6항에 있어서, 보강층(28)은 폴리머 막의 제1표면에 적층되고, 전방 및 후방 라벨(30,32)은 필름의 대향측 표면과 보강층에 각각 적층되는 것을 특징으로 하는 개인 데이 타카드.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US720,130 | 1991-06-24 | ||
US07/720,130 US5272596A (en) | 1991-06-24 | 1991-06-24 | Personal data card fabricated from a polymer thick-film circuit |
US720130 | 1991-06-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR930001137A true KR930001137A (ko) | 1993-01-16 |
KR960006928B1 KR960006928B1 (ko) | 1996-05-25 |
Family
ID=24892779
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019920010202A KR960006928B1 (ko) | 1991-06-24 | 1992-06-12 | 폴리머 후막 회로 제작 방법 및 그 개인 데이타 카드 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5272596A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0520682B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2633441B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR960006928B1 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69219017T2 (ko) |
TW (1) | TW214003B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZA941671B (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1994-10-12 | Csir | Attaching an electronic circuit to a substrate. |
US5544412A (en) * | 1994-05-24 | 1996-08-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Method for coupling a power lead to a bond pad in an electronic module |
DE4424775A1 (de) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-01-11 | Grace Gmbh | Antiblockingmittel und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE4431604A1 (de) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-07 | Siemens Ag | Schaltungsanordnung mit einem Chipkartenmodul und einer damit verbundenen Spule |
WO1996023277A1 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-01 | Interprint Formularios Ltda. | Memory card and method of producing same |
US5671525A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1997-09-30 | Gemplus Card International | Method of manufacturing a hybrid chip card |
US6036099A (en) | 1995-10-17 | 2000-03-14 | Leighton; Keith | Hot lamination process for the manufacture of a combination contact/contactless smart card and product resulting therefrom |
US5817207A (en) | 1995-10-17 | 1998-10-06 | Leighton; Keith R. | Radio frequency identification card and hot lamination process for the manufacture of radio frequency identification cards |
US6441736B1 (en) | 1999-07-01 | 2002-08-27 | Keith R. Leighton | Ultra-thin flexible durable radio frequency identification devices and hot or cold lamination process for the manufacture of ultra-thin flexible durable radio frequency identification devices |
US6027027A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 2000-02-22 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Luggage tag assembly |
US5922397A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 1999-07-13 | Ormet Corporation | Metal-plating of cured and sintered transient liquid phase sintering pastes |
US5910644A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1999-06-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Universal surface finish for DCA, SMT and pad on pad interconnections |
AU2002301482B2 (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2004-06-10 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Radio Frequency Identification Tag on Flexible Substrate |
BR9811636A (pt) * | 1997-09-11 | 2000-08-08 | Precision Dynamics Corp | Etiqueta de identificação de rádio freqâência em substrato flexìvel |
EP1296280A1 (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2003-03-26 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Rf-id tag with integrated circuit consisting of organic materials |
US5980785A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-11-09 | Ormet Corporation | Metal-containing compositions and uses thereof, including preparation of resistor and thermistor elements |
NL1012135C2 (nl) * | 1999-05-25 | 2000-11-28 | Nedap Nv | Identificatielabel met impedantieconverter. |
US6472612B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-29 | Intel Corporation | Printed circuit board with embedded thermocouple junctions |
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-
1991
- 1991-06-24 US US07/720,130 patent/US5272596A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-06-12 KR KR1019920010202A patent/KR960006928B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-06-15 JP JP4178931A patent/JP2633441B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-18 EP EP92305580A patent/EP0520682B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-18 DE DE69219017T patent/DE69219017T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-19 TW TW081104810A patent/TW214003B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW214003B (ko) | 1993-10-01 |
DE69219017D1 (de) | 1997-05-22 |
DE69219017T2 (de) | 1997-07-31 |
JPH0740692A (ja) | 1995-02-10 |
JP2633441B2 (ja) | 1997-07-23 |
KR960006928B1 (ko) | 1996-05-25 |
EP0520682A1 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
EP0520682B1 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
US5272596A (en) | 1993-12-21 |
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