JPWO2018042792A1 - 化合物半導体及びその製造方法ならびに窒化物半導体 - Google Patents
化合物半導体及びその製造方法ならびに窒化物半導体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
1×1017cm−3以上の酸素を不純物として含有し、
5×1019cm−3以上の電子濃度を有し、N型導電性であり、
電子移動度が46cm2/V・s以上である化合物半導体を提供する。
本発明において、窒化物の化合物半導体を製造するために用いる「パルススパッタリング法(PSD法)」や化合物半導体を製造するための材料・製造方法は当業者において周知の基礎的事項である。
(b)デューティー比:5%
(c)平均投入電力:100W
(d)パルス周波数:1kHz
(e)成長圧力:2×10−3Torr
(f)ドーパント:Si
まず、図9は本発明の13族窒化物半導体を基板上に形成した化合物半導体素子20の断面模式図を示す。21は基板(サファイア)、22はGaNである。
図10は、本発明の化合物半導体を用いたコンタクト構造の断面模式図を示す。31はGaN基板、32はGaN(PSD法で成膜した化合物半導体の膜)、34は絶縁層、33は外部に接続され得る配線電極、35はコンタクトホール部である。
図11は、本発明の13族窒化物化合物半導体を用いたコンタクト構造40の断面模式図を示す。図11中、41はn型GaNコンタクト層、42はTi層、43はAl層、44はNi層、45はAu層である。本例では複合型の金属電極が用いられている。成膜後に900℃程度で熱処理が行われる。
図12は、本発明を適用し得る薄膜トランジスタの模式的な斜視図である。薄膜トランジスタの電極のコンタクト層に高濃度のn型GaN層を適用することができる。
スパッタリングターゲット(Si):純度99.999%の単結晶
スパッタリングターゲット(Ge):純度99.99%の単結晶
Ga:純度99.99999%
窒素ガス:純度99.9999%
スパッタリングターゲット(Si):純度99.999%の単結晶
スパッタリングターゲット(Ge):純度99.99%の単結晶
Ga:純度99.99999%
Al:純度99.999%
In:純度99.999%
窒素ガス:純度99.9999%
図19は、縦形パワーMOSFETの断面概略図である。この縦形パワーMOSFET100は、n+−GaN層102、n−−GaN層103、p−GaN層104の積層構造の上に、本発明に係る窒化物半導体のn+−GaN層105が形成されている。この本発明に係るn+−GaN層105のパターニング加工には全面にn+−GaN層を堆積した後に、リソグラフィー技術を用いるか、あるいは、試料表面の一部のみに窒化ガリウムの結晶面を露出させ、その露出部に選択的にn+−GaN層をエピタキシャル成長する選択成長技術を用いてもよい。なお、符号106で示したものは絶縁膜、符号101で示したものはドレイン、符号107で示したものはソース、符号108で示したものはゲートである。
図20は、GaN系LEDの断面概略図である。LED200は、窒化物半導体から成る基板201の上に、n型窒化物半導体層202、量子井戸層を含む活性層203、p型窒化物半導体層204、および本発明のn+−GaN層205が順次積層されている。
図21は、ショットキダイオードの断面概略図である。このショットキダイオード300は、裏面に本発明のn+−GaN層306を形成したn+−GaN基板301の表面にn−−GaN層302が形成され、n+−GaN層306の側にはオーミック電極303が、n−−GaN層302側にはショットキ電極304が形成されている。なお、図中に符号305で示したものは絶縁膜である。
2 巻きだしロール
3 巻き取りロール
4 基板フィルム
5 成膜室
10 連続成膜装置
11 チャンバ
12 基板電極
13 ターゲット電極
14 直流電源
15 電源制御部
16 窒素供給源
17 加熱装置
12a 放熱シート
21 基板
22 GaN
31 基板
32 GaN
33 絶縁層
34 絶縁層
35 コンタクトホール部
41 n型GaNコンタクト層
42 Ti層
43 Al層
44 Ni層
45 Au層
100 縦形パワーMOSFET
101 ドレイン
102 n+−GaN層
103 n−−GaN層
104 p−GaN層
105 n+−GaN層
106 絶縁膜
107 ソース
108 ゲート
200 LED
201 基板
202 n型窒化物半導体層
203 活性層
204 p型窒化物半導体層
205 n側電極
206 p側電極
300 ショットキダイオード
301 n+−GaN基板
302 n−−GaN層
303 オーミック電極
304 ショットキ電極
305 絶縁膜
306 n+−GaN層
1×1017cm-3以上の酸素を不純物として含有し、
5×1019cm-3以上の電子濃度を有し、N型導電性であり、
電子移動度が46cm2/(V・s)以上である化合物半導体を提供する。
Claims (30)
- 窒素と13族元素であるB、Al、GaまたはInからなる群より選ばれる一つの元素を含有する2元系、3元系または4元系の化合物半導体であって、
1×1017cm−3以上の酸素を不純物として含有し、
5×1019cm−3以上の電子濃度を有し、N型導電性であり、
電子移動度が46cm2/V・s以上である化合物半導体。 - GaとNを主成分とする請求項1に記載の化合物半導体。
- 405nmの波長領域の光に対する吸光係数が2000cm−1以下である請求項2に記載の化合物半導体。
- 450nmの波長領域の光に対する吸光係数が1000cm−1以下である請求項2に記載の化合物半導体。
- AFMによる表面粗さ測定で得られるRMS値が5.0nm以下である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物半導体。
- N型オーミック電極金属に対するコンタクト抵抗が1×10−4Ωcm−2以下である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物半導体。
- 前記13族元素としてGaを含み、さらにAl及び/またはInを含有する請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の化合物半導体。
- Siをドナーとして含有する請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物半導体。
- Geをドナーとして含有する請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物半導体。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の化合物半導体が用いられた導電部と電極とが接続されてなるコンタクト構造。
- 請求項10に記載のコンタクト構造が備えられた半導体素子。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の化合物半導体が用いられた透明電極。
- パルススパッタリング法を用いて、酸素を含むプロセス雰囲気で請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の化合物半導体を成膜する化合物半導体の製造方法。
- 請求項13の化合物半導体の製造方法において、成膜時の基板温度を700℃以下で行う化合物半導体の製造方法。
- 窒素と、B、Al、GaまたはInからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の13族元素を含有する、導電型がn型の窒化物半導体であって、
電子濃度が1×1020cm−3以上で、且つ、比抵抗が0.3×10−3Ω・cm以下である、窒化物半導体。 - 前記電子濃度が2×1020cm−3以上である、請求項15に記載の窒化物半導体。
- n型オーミック電極金属に対するコンタクト抵抗が1×10−4Ωcm−2以下である、請求項15または16に記載の窒化物半導体。
- 酸素不純物を1×1017cm−3以上含有する、請求項15〜17の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体。
- 405nmの波長領域の光に対する吸光係数が2000cm−1以下である、請求項18に記載の窒化物半導体。
- 450nmの波長領域の光に対する吸光係数が1000cm−1以下である、請求項18に記載の窒化物半導体。
- AFMによる表面粗さ測定で得られるRMS値が5.0nm以下である、請求項15〜20の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体。
- 前記少なくとも1種の13族元素はGaである、請求項15〜21の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体。
- 前記窒化物半導体は、SiまたはGeの何れか若しくは双方をドナー不純物として含有している、請求項15〜22の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体。
- 比抵抗が0.2×10−3Ω・cm以上である、請求項15〜23の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体。
- 比抵抗が0.15×10−3Ω・cm以上である、請求項15〜23の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体。
- 比抵抗が0.1×10−3Ω・cm以上である、請求項15〜23の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体。
- (a)電子濃度が1×1020cm−3、且つ、比抵抗が0.3×10−3Ω・cm、
(b)電子濃度が3×1020cm−3、且つ、比抵抗が0.3×10−3Ω・cm、
(c)電子濃度が4×1020cm−3、且つ、比抵抗が0.15×10−3Ω・cm、
及び(d)電子濃度が9×1020cm−3、且つ、比抵抗が0.15×10−3Ω・cmの4点で囲まれた数値範囲を満たす請求項15〜24の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体。 - 請求項18〜27の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体を導電部として備えた、コンタクト構造。
- 請求項18〜27の何れか1項に記載の窒化物半導体を電極部として備えた、コンタクト構造。
- 請求項28または29に記載のコンタクト構造を備えた、半導体素子。
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