JPH01270584A - Soil-conditioning fertilizer and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject fertilizer having excellent plant blight controlling effect and effective in preventing continuous cropping injury, at a low cost, by digesting a lignin-rich grassy with fungus and fermenting the digested product. CONSTITUTION:A lignin-rich grassy material such as rice hull, barley hull, bagasse, buckwheat husk or bean-stalk is crushed and optionally compounded with bean curd refuse, rice bran, etc., to obtain a culture medium. Fungus such as Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Grifola frondosa, Pholiota nameko, Lentinus edodes or BUNA-SHIMEJI is inoculated and cultured in the medium. The obtained digested material is optionally mixed with feces of breeding animals such as domestic animals or poultry and fed to a breeding animal to effect the fermentation of the material with intestinal bacteria, etc. The objective fertilizer composed of fermented feces, etc., can be produced by this process.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a fertilizer that can remove, reduce or prevent the occurrence of disorders by improving soil where continuous cropping disorders have occurred, and can control crop diseases. .

[Conventional technology]

Conventional fertilizers are mainly applied to the soil in the form of chemical fertilizers to compensate for the lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Although this method is effective in the short term, if it is continued for several decades, chemical fertilizer components will accumulate in the soil, causing serious damage to continuous cropping, and weakening the crop's resistance to pests and diseases. It is known to reduce the occurrence of Insecticides and fungicides cannot fundamentally solve this problem.

For this reason, organic fertilizers such as compost are used in some cases, but their production requires considerable labor and is not always effective.

Sawdust has traditionally been used as a medium for growing mushrooms, and it is possible to use the by-product medium scum as fertilizer, but since it contains cyanide and tar components derived from sawdust, the cellulose and Microbial decomposition of lignin is prevented. As a result, in order to turn carbon into fertilizer, it is necessary to expose it to the wind and rain for a long period of time, making it economically unviable. Therefore, in regions where mushrooms are cultivated, the culture medium waste is incinerated or disposed of, causing pollution. Furthermore, if the culture medium residue is used as organic fertilizer as it is, the agricultural land will be significantly acidified and soil damage will occur.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

The present invention aims to solve the problems mentioned in section 1 above, namely, the problem of continuous cropping problems caused by long-term use of chemical fertilizers and the problem of processing medium scum produced as a by-product of mushroom cultivation.

[Means for solving problems]

As a result of extensive research over many years, the present inventor discovered that a medium containing rice husk, corn, and mulberry is suitable as a medium for mushroom cultivation, and that when the medium residue is fermented, it is converted into a fertilizer with excellent soil reforming properties. They also discovered that the culture medium residue can be used as feed, and that excreted feces can be used as fertilizer with the same effect as described in 1.

Based on these discoveries, the present inventor conducted further research and established the present invention.

The present invention involves culturing mushroom fungi in a medium containing a soil-improved fertilizer made by fermenting the digested matter of grassy material rich in likunin and grassy material rich in likunin, and adding mushrooms as needed. This is a method for producing a soil-amended fertilizer, which is characterized by collecting the soil and fermenting the obtained digestive medium.

Examples of grassy materials rich in licunin include the stems, leaves, and bamboo grass of plants in the Phytaceae family, but readily available materials include rice hulls, barley bark,
Preferably, the waste is a by-product during the agricultural processing of plants of the Carotid family, such as corn, corn, or sugarcane. In addition, buckwheat garas, Japanese peas, etc. are also used.

If the grassy material is crushed and mixed with okara, rice bran, etc., it becomes a good medium for mushroom cultivation.If mushroom fungi are inoculated into this medium and cultured, the grassy material will be digested by the enzymes of the mushroom fungus and produce digested products. becomes. Usually, culture is carried out under conditions suitable for the development of fruiting bodies, the fruiting bodies are harvested, and the digested product of the leathery bodies is obtained in the form of the remaining medium residue.

Examples of mushrooms include enokitake, oyster mushroom,
Any mushroom fungus that can be grown in a medium, such as Funashimeshi, Maitake, Nameko, and Shiitake, can be used.

Cultivation of these bacteria is widely performed by artificial cultivation, and known culture conditions can be followed in the present invention.

Fertilizer can be obtained by fermenting the digestate of the leathery body or the digested medium thus obtained.

Fermentation as used in the present invention refers to the decomposition conversion of organic matter by the action of microorganisms, and fermentation can also be carried out by leaving the above-mentioned digested matter or digestion medium alone, contaminating it with bacteria, and allowing it to rot. This can be promoted by mixing in the feces of domesticated animals such as livestock, poultry, etc.

In addition, digested matter or digestion medium is effective as feed, so
Feed containing this may be fed to domestic animals, fermented by the animal's intestinal bacteria, and the feces may be used as fertilizer.

The fertilizer thus obtained is an excellent organic fertilizer that can improve the soil that has been damaged by continuous cropping, and has the effect of increasing the resistance of crops to pests and diseases.

Example 1 Oyster mushrooms were grown in bottles using a conventional method using a medium containing 60F corn corn, 70g rice husks, 200g okara, and 50y bran, and adjusting the moisture content to 63%. After cultivation, the grown oyster mushrooms were harvested, 300 kq of dried chicken manure was mixed with 1.000/cg of the remaining digestive medium, and the mushrooms were cut back twice, once every 10 days. 2
At the time of turning around the day (50 kg of deep soil from the pot was mixed. After another 20 days, pressure was applied to the whole mixture, and the two sides of J were covered with vinyl chloride sheet I, compressed, and as much air was removed as possible. The mixture was allowed to stand for a while and fermented to obtain a product.

Example 2 Each monthly charge was mixed in the ratio of 60 g of corn corn, 70 y of rice husks, 200 g of okara, and 50 g of wheat bran, and Tunatake was cultivated in a medium with a moisture content of 60%. The Funatake was harvested to obtain a by-product digestive medium. .

Sheep manure was obtained by feeding 2-year-old Suffolk sheep with 3 kg (50% moisture) of the above-mentioned digestive medium per day in addition to hay and silage. This sheep dung 1,000 kq
500 kq of pig manure and 200 Icy of waste scallop wood flour grown from shiitake mushrooms were mixed with the mixture, and the mixture was fermented and aged for 3 months by turning the mixture 3 times every 25 days to obtain a product.

Experimental example (fertilizer test) Test site: Highland test area where damage has occurred due to continuous cultivation of snail; 300 tsubo is roughly divided into areas A, B and C, and each area is further divided into 3 areas, each with A-1. ,2,3, B-1,2,3, and C-1,2,3.

Application material: Area A Product of Example 1 Area B Commercially available soil conditioner (product name Oles, Matsumoto Microorganism Sales Co., Ltd.) Area C Chicken manure Cultivar variety: Nozawana Cultivation method, period: Seeds are sown from August to September. from 4
Method for measuring the 0-day disease attack rate: The diseased plants were those that were infected with Nekobu disease and developed a knot at the base, and the number of diseased plants per 100 plants was calculated.

The results are shown in the table below.

Category Application rate Incidence rate A, -1500 kg 50% A, -21,000 kg 20% A -3150
0kg 5% B area B-1200 9 30% B -21,000kL2 20% B -32,000kg 5% C area 0-1 500kg 60% C-21000kg 50% C-31,500kg 60% Continuous production from the above table The effect of the fertilizer of the present invention on disorders is obvious.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, a fertilizer that combines the effects of a soil conditioner to overcome continuous cropping problems with the effects of organic fertilizer and crop disease control is provided at low cost.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A soil reforming fertilizer obtained by fermenting the digested material of lignin-rich herbaceous material by mushroom fungi. 2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the digested product is mixed with the feces of a domestic animal and fermented. 3. The fertilizer according to claim 1, comprising feces obtained by feeding digested matter to a domestic animal and fermenting it by intestinal bacteria. 4. The fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the obtained feces are mixed with the feces of domestic animals and fermented. 5. A method for producing a soil-improved fertilizer, which comprises culturing mushroom fungi in a medium containing a herbaceous material rich in lignin, collecting mushrooms as necessary, and fermenting the resulting digestive medium.