JPS61183194A - Use of wheat straw or like - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention uses a large amount of wheat culm (including leaves) left in the field after wheat harvest as a medium for mushroom production, and the residue (waste) is used effectively in the field of agriculture and forestry production. Regarding how to reuse.

The present invention involves first mixing crushed wheat culm with nutrients such as bran and bran or other organic materials to make a mushroom culture medium, which is then sterilized and then inoculated and cultured to produce mushrooms.
Next, the present invention relates to a method for effectively and highly utilizing the residue (waste hoda) as fuel, bed material, compost material, livestock bedding, feed, etc.

Conventional technology In wheat cultivation areas, wheat culms are left in the field after grain harvest;
In the case of double cropping, the utility value is low and in order to hasten the planting of the succeeding crop, it is often incinerated in the field and disposed of as ash, resulting in the problem of smoke pollution. In recent years, the technology of collecting wheat culms in packages such as Heaper 2 and using them as silage by adding ammonia has gradually become popular.In addition to this, there is also a method of using them as compost raw material or bedding material.

In Japan, where the use of wheat culm for processed straw products has disappeared, the methods of using it for feed, compost raw material, and bedding as described above are as follows.
Although ivy is useful in solving smoke pollution, considering the future depletion of organic materials in Japan and the economic situation of rural areas, it is necessary to pursue even more efficient and economical use of resources. The problems with this are: ■ It is necessary to find a way to repeatedly use resources as much as possible, and ■ It is necessary to remove lignin from hard-to-decompose substances such as barley rods, which can be an obstacle when reusing them as feed or compost raw materials. It is said that

Means to Solve the Problems In order to simultaneously solve the above problems ① and ②, the present invention
After harvesting the barley grains, we collected the barley culms left in the field, and as a preliminary step to using them using conventional technology, we used a method to crush them and mix them with nutrients, etc., to create a mushroom culture medium, and to generate and harvest mushrooms. .

By cultivating mushrooms using wheat culms as a medium and producing and selling the mushrooms, it becomes possible to use wheat culms, which had previously had extremely low utility value, in an economically advantageous manner. Since the mushrooms are decomposed by fungi and harmful substances are removed, they are converted into materials that are more suitable as feed materials and compost materials.

Furthermore, the decrease in dry organic materials in the mushroom culture medium due to mushroom production is extremely small, and it goes without saying that the culture medium residue (waste hoda) can be reused as fuel, bedding material, livestock bedding, etc. .

Embodiment A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In Figure 1, 1 is a warehouse for packing wheat culms, 2 is a wheat culm cutter, 3 is a crusher, 4 is a warehouse for fine-grained wood materials, and 5 is a bran or bran room, in which crushed wheat culms and fine-grained wood materials are stored. , bran or rice bran are sent to the mixer 6 by a screw conveyor or the like. The mixing ratio at this time is about 8 pieces of crushed wheat culm.
0%, fine-grained wood material approximately 10%, and bran approximately 10% (this mixing ratio can be changed at will), and the mixer is equipped with a water sprayer and water is added while mixing to achieve a moisture content of approximately 65%. Adjust to. In step 7, the mixture is packed into a polypropylene bag using a bagging machine to form a mushroom culture medium. This mushroom culture is made in a high temperature sterilization chamber of 8.

After sterilization at 100°C for 8 hours, maitake bacteria were inoculated in a sterile environment in a sterile room 9, and cultured in a temperature-controlled and humidity-controlled culture room 10 at a temperature of about 23°C and a relative humidity of about 60% for about 45 days. cultivated,
The maitake mushrooms were then transferred to the growth chamber 11, which was adjusted to a temperature of about 17°C and a relative humidity of about 90%, and about 150 Maitake mushrooms grew in about 15 days. Harvest r. Residue (waste) after harvesting maitake mushrooms is accumulated in a collection site 12, and a portion is used as a composting raw material in a composting device 17.

A part of the residue (waste) is used as fuel for the hot water boiler 13, and this hot water is stored in the hot water tank 14 and then sent to the culture room heating device 15 to adjust the temperature in winter. Note that 16 is a temperature control device for the generation chamber. 10 cultivation rooms during the summer
．． Cooling devices 18 and 19 are provided to lower the temperature of the generation chamber 11, a ventilation device 20 is provided in the culture chamber 10, and a ventilation device 21 is provided in the generation chamber 11. Further, humidity control is performed by spraying water into the room using a humidity sensor (not shown).

In this way, mushrooms are first cultivated and produced using wheat culms, and the residue of this culture medium (waste mushrooms) is reused as compost raw material and fuel, thereby making wheat culms, which were previously thought to have low economic value and actually hinder agricultural work, economical. The ash from the waste hoda burned in the boiler can also be used as fertilizer.

In addition to the method of reusing waste husks as compost material and fuel, it is also extremely effective to reuse them as livestock feed because lignin is decomposed in waste husks.
17 in the figure can be used as a cowshed instead of a composting device, and the waste can be appropriately loosened and fed.

In addition, although this example cited an example in which fine-grained wood material is used in combination with wheat culms, it is also possible to use only wheat culms and nutrients as a mushroom culture medium, and even if rice straw is used instead of wheat culms, the above-mentioned results can be achieved. Of course, it can also be used in the same way.

Effects of the Invention Wheat culms that have been left in the fields in large quantities in wheat growing areas are collected and crushed, first used as a mushroom culture medium for economically advantageous mushroom production, and then used as feed,
It can be used as a compost raw material, fuel, bedding material, bedding material, etc., and has the effect of contributing to increasing agricultural production and income through the effective use of resources.

In view of the recent situation where logs for mushrooms are running out, replacing wood with barley culms will significantly contribute to reducing mushroom production costs and will also have the effect of eliminating smoke pollution caused by field incineration.

Figure 1 shows an example of the layout of a mushroom cultivation facility and attached boilers, hot water tanks, composting facilities, etc., and arrows indicate raw materials, culture medium, and residue ( Shows the flow of waste (waste hoda).

Claims (1)

[Claims] After harvesting the grains, the barley stems (including leaves) are placed in a mushroom culture medium (
A method for effectively utilizing barley rods, etc., which is characterized by using the residue (waste wood) after producing mushrooms as fuel, bedding material, compost material, feed, bedding, etc. .