CN111788988A - Method and device for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma - Google Patents
Method and device for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma. According to the method for efficiently and artificially cultivating the lucid ganoderma, the culture medium and the cultivating device with the three-layer structure are selected, so that the spawn running speed of lucid ganoderma cultivation can be obviously improved, the lucid ganoderma cultivation period is shortened, the cultivation environment can be adjusted, the mould caused by moisture accumulation is avoided, time and labor are saved, the cost investment is low, the obtained lucid ganoderma product is good in quality, and the spore powder is high in quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial cultivation, in particular to a method and a device for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma.
Background
Ganoderma lucidum is the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum of Polyporaceae, and is also a precious and famous medicinal material. The ganoderma lucidum mainly grows on the rotten tree or the root of the rotten tree; generally, ganoderma lucidum is abundant in mountain forests in Hunan province with high humidity and light. In the aspect of medicine, the lucid ganoderma has the effects of tonifying qi, soothing nerves, relieving cough and asthma and prolonging life, and can be used for preventing and treating symptoms such as dizziness, insomnia, palpitation, short breath, neurasthenia, consumptive disease, cough and asthma and the like.
At present, the demand of the market for the lucid ganoderma is large, and the pure wild lucid ganoderma cannot meet the market demand at all. Therefore, the artificial cultivation ganoderma lucidum industry develops rapidly. In the traditional artificial cultivation process of the lucid ganoderma, wood chips, crop straws and the like are generally adopted as cultivation raw materials in a culture medium, the fungus growing speed is low, the culture period of the lucid ganoderma is long, green mould is easy to generate due to the humid environment in the cultivation process of the lucid ganoderma, insects are easy to grow in the later growth stage, and the yield and the quality of spore powder are low.
Chinese patent CN105794492B discloses a method for cultivating lucid ganoderma, which comprises the following steps: pretreatment of ganoderma lucidum strains: taking flesh tissues of the strain ganoderma pileus positioned at the stipe part as ganoderma lucidum strains, and soaking the ganoderma lucidum strains in a culture solution for 1-3 hours; the first layer of the culture medium is prepared by mixing houttuynia cordata, cynanchum atratum, acid pulp and oak wood chips, then crushing the mixture to 60 meshes, and placing the crushed mixture in steam at 110-120 ℃ for 12-24 hours; the second layer is formed by mixing ceramsite, polyacrylamide, sesame oil, a cell splitting agent and fermented straw coarse grains, and the third layer is formed by mixing mung bean powder, black bean powder, banana puree and peanut powder; and (3) hypha cultivation: inoculating Ganoderma strain in culture medium, placing into a sterilization bag, and sequentially controlling temperature at 24 deg.C and culturing for 8 days; controlling the temperature at 26 ℃, and culturing for 8 days; the temperature was controlled at 28 ℃ and the cultivation was carried out for 5 days. The invention has the functions of improving the survival rate of the ganoderma lucidum and shortening the cultivation period, but can not effectively prevent and control the mould in the ganoderma lucidum cultivation process, and the quality of ganoderma lucidum spore powder is poor.
Chinese patent CN103283485B discloses a method for cultivating lucid ganoderma, which comprises the steps of strain selection, material preparation of lucid ganoderma planting medium, hypha cultivation and lucid ganoderma cultivation. The adopted matrix extracted from wild ganoderma is artificially domesticated into ganoderma lucidum which is obtained by planting a large number of ganoderma lucidum strains capable of being planted, the ganoderma lucidum is called as Huoshan ganoderma lucidum, the Huoshan ganoderma lucidum is planted according to local special environment and soil resources, the yield is higher, and the benefit is better.
Therefore, the invention provides a method and a device for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma, aiming at the problems that the fungus growing speed is low, the cultivating period is long, and the quality of spore powder is influenced by the easy occurrence of mould and insects in the lucid ganoderma cultivating process in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems and provides a method and a device for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a method for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma comprises the following steps:
step one, strain selection: selecting wild Ganoderma as seed source, extracting parent of wild Ganoderma, and culturing parent to obtain new Ganoderma thallus;
step two, preparing a culture medium: the culture medium consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer are respectively weighed and then sequentially stacked to prepare the culture medium with a three-layer structure for later use;
step three, hypha culture: filling the culture medium obtained in the step two into a culture bag, sterilizing at high pressure, naturally cooling to the temperature of 18-22 ℃, then performing aseptic inoculation on the ganoderma lucidum mycelia obtained in the step one, and culturing the inoculated culture bag in the dark at the temperature of 20-26 ℃ for 80-85 days to obtain a culture bag full of mycelia;
step four, ganoderma lucidum cultivation: transferring the culture bag full of hyphae obtained in the third step into a culture device, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 25.0-27.0 ℃ and the humidity to be 66.5-70.5% from day 1 to day 8, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 25.5-26.5 ℃ and the humidity to be 75.5-80.5% from day 9 to day 17, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 26.5-27.5 ℃ and the humidity to be 86.5-90.5% from day 18 to day 40, and obtaining the mature artificially cultured ganoderma lucidum.
Further, in the first step, the wild ganoderma lucidum is any one of ganoderma lucidum, tropical ganoderma lucidum, sessile ganoderma lucidum and ganoderma applanatum.
Further, in the second step, the specific process of preparing the culture medium comprises the following steps:
step A, weighing raw materials of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer respectively, wherein the raw materials of the upper layer are prepared from mulberry sawdust, cottonseed meal, corncob meal and quicklime powder according to a mass ratio of 10-15: 3.5: 4.5: 0.3, mixing, and then keeping for 3 to 6 hours in a steam environment with the temperature of 105 to 110 ℃; the middle layer is prepared from pear tree sawdust, wheat bran powder, humus and zeatin according to a mass ratio of 4.5-6.5: 4.0: 2.5: 0.02 stirring and mixing; the lower layer is prepared from vermiculite powder, willow sawdust, carbolic acid and dry soybean dregs according to a mass ratio of 5.0-6.0: 4.5: 0.01: 1.2 stirring and mixing to obtain;
according to the invention, a three-layer structure culture medium is adopted in the process of efficiently and artificially cultivating the lucid ganoderma, the mulberry sawdust, the cottonseed meal and the corncob meal in the upper layer can provide sufficient nutritional conditions for the spawn running and growth of the lucid ganoderma, and the quicklime powder can prevent and control mould and insect pests; the sawdust, wheat bran powder and humus soil of the pear tree in the middle layer provide nutrition and growth conditions for the growth of the ganoderma lucidum, and the zeatin promotes the growth of bacteria and the growth is smoothly carried out; the willow sawdust and the dry bean dregs in the lower layer provide nutrition and growth conditions for the lucid ganoderma, the carbolic acid can prevent and control mould and insect damage, and the vermiculite powder can supplement the nutrition of the lucid ganoderma, stabilize a culture medium and promote the healthy and rapid growth of the lucid ganoderma.
And step B, stacking the raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer weighed in the step A in sequence from bottom to top to prepare the culture medium.
Furthermore, in the step B, the culture medium is kept for 15min to 30min under the condition that the pressure is 120kPa to 130 kPa.
Furthermore, in the step B, the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 1-2: 0.2: 0.4.
further, in the third step, the autoclaving specifically comprises: under a pressure of 1.8kg/cm3～2.2kg/cm3And sterilizing at 105-115 deg.c for 14-16 hr.
Further, in the third step, in the aseptic inoculation, the mass ratio of the ganoderma lucidum thallus to the culture medium is 10: 0.10 to 0.12.
The invention also relates to a device for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma, which comprises:
the heat insulation layer is arranged inside the upper box body, the sleeve is arranged inside the heat insulation layer, and a plurality of annular grooves are axially formed in the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve;
the culture device comprises a drive shaft, wherein the drive shaft is rotatably arranged in an upper box body, a plurality of culture trays are sleeved on the drive shaft and roll in an annular groove, a plurality of culture dishes are arranged on the culture trays, the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer are positioned in a culture tank of the culture trays, the lower layer comprises a lower culture layer and a bottom membrane, the bottom membrane is positioned below the lower culture layer, the middle layer comprises a culture plate and a culture material, the culture plate is positioned on the lower culture layer, the culture material is paved on the culture plate, a middle membrane is arranged between the middle layer and the upper layer, the middle membrane is paved on the culture material, the upper layer comprises a nutrient solution layer and an upper culture layer, the nutrient solution layer is positioned on the middle membrane, and the upper culture layer is positioned on the nutrient solution layer;
the lower end of the humidity sensor extends into the compost;
the lower end of the first temperature sensor extends into the lower culture layer;
a second temperature sensor disposed on a sidewall of the sleeve;
the heating pipes are arranged on the side wall of the upper box body at intervals;
and the air interchanger is arranged at the upper end of the upper box body.
Furthermore, a lower box body is arranged below the upper box body, a water tank and a nutrient box are arranged in the lower box body, the water tank is connected into the upper box body through a spraying pipe, the nutrient box is connected into the nutrient solution layer through a liquid feeding pipe, the driving shaft is driven to rotate through a driving motor, and the driving motor is installed in the lower box body.
Furthermore, a pair of mounting plates is arranged at two ends of the culture disc, and a roller is arranged between the pair of mounting plates and rolls in the ring groove.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method for efficiently and artificially cultivating the lucid ganoderma, the culture medium and the cultivating device with the three-layer structure are selected, so that the spawn running speed of lucid ganoderma cultivation can be obviously improved, the lucid ganoderma cultivation period can be shortened, the cultivation environment can be adjusted, the mould caused by moisture accumulation can be avoided, time and labor are saved, the cost investment is low, the quality of the obtained lucid ganoderma product is good, and the quality of spore powder is high;
(2) the method for efficiently and artificially cultivating the lucid ganoderma has the advantages that the survival rate of the cultivated lucid ganoderma is high, the cost can be reduced, the income is improved, and meanwhile, the obtained lucid ganoderma has good medicinal health-care value and ornamental value;
(3) the method for efficiently and artificially cultivating the lucid ganoderma has low cost, is easy to operate and realize and can be widely popularized;
(4) the device for efficiently and artificially cultivating the lucid ganoderma can strictly control the temperature, the humidity and the like of the cultivation environment, so that the lucid ganoderma is better in cultivation effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 2 at a.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the culture dish of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 2 at B.
The notation in the figure is: the device comprises an upper box body 1, a control box 11, an installation rod 12, a shading curtain 13, a heat preservation layer 14, a sleeve 15, an annular groove 151, a lower box body 16, a driving shaft 2, a culture disc 21, a culture tank 211, an inclined surface 2111, an installation plate 212, a roller 213, a culture dish 22, a lower culture layer 23, a bottom film 231, a culture plate 24, culture materials 241, a middle film 25, an air hole 251, a nutrient solution layer 26, an upper culture layer 27, a driving motor 28, a humidity sensor 3, a first temperature sensor 31, a water tank 4, a spray pipe 41, a nutrient box 5, a liquid feeding pipe 51, a second temperature sensor 6, an irradiation lamp 7, a heating pipe 8 and a ventilation device 9. .
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be practiced in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
Efficient artificial lucid ganoderma cultivation method
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, strain selection: selecting wild Ganoderma as seed source, extracting parent of wild Ganoderma, and culturing parent to obtain new Ganoderma thallus; wherein the wild Ganoderma is Ganoderma lucidum;
step two, preparing a culture medium: the culture medium consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer are respectively weighed and then sequentially stacked to prepare the culture medium with a three-layer structure for later use;
in the above, the specific process of preparing the culture medium comprises the following steps:
step A, weighing raw materials of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer respectively, wherein the raw materials of the upper layer are prepared from mulberry sawdust, cottonseed meal, corncob meal and quicklime powder according to a mass ratio of 10: 3.5: 4.5: 0.3, mixing, and then keeping for 3 hours in a steam environment with the temperature of 105 ℃; the middle layer is prepared from pear tree sawdust, wheat bran powder, humus and zeatin according to a mass ratio of 4.5: 4.0: 2.5: 0.02 stirring and mixing; the lower layer is prepared from vermiculite powder, willow sawdust, carbolic acid and dry bean dregs according to the mass ratio of 5.0: 4.5: 0.01: 1.2 stirring and mixing to obtain;
b, stacking the raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer weighed in the step A in sequence from bottom to top to prepare a culture medium, wherein the culture medium is kept under the condition of the pressure of 120kPa for 15 min; the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 1: 0.2: 0.4.
step three, hypha culture: putting the culture medium obtained in the second step into a culture bag under the pressure of 1.8kg/cm3Sterilizing at 105 deg.C for 14 hr, naturally cooling to 18 deg.C, performing aseptic inoculation with Ganoderma thallus obtained in step one, and culturing the inoculated culture bag at 20 deg.C in dark for 80 days to obtain culture bag full of mycelia; wherein the mass ratio of the ganoderma lucidum mycelia to the culture medium is 10: 0.10;
step four, ganoderma lucidum cultivation: transferring the culture bag full of mycelia obtained in the third step into a culture device, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 25.0 ℃ and the humidity to be 66.5% from day 1 to day 8, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 25.5 ℃ and the humidity to be 75.5% from day 9 to day 17, and controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 26.5 ℃ and the humidity to be 86.5% from day 18 to day 40 to obtain the mature artificially cultured ganoderma lucidum.
Example 2
Efficient artificial lucid ganoderma cultivation method
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, strain selection: selecting wild Ganoderma as seed source, extracting parent of wild Ganoderma, and culturing parent to obtain new Ganoderma thallus; wherein the wild Ganoderma is tropical Ganoderma;
step two, preparing a culture medium: the culture medium consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer are respectively weighed and then sequentially stacked to prepare the culture medium with a three-layer structure for later use;
in the above, the specific process of preparing the culture medium comprises the following steps:
step A, weighing raw materials of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer respectively, wherein the raw materials of the upper layer are prepared from mulberry sawdust, cottonseed meal, corncob meal and quicklime powder according to a mass ratio of 15: 3.5: 4.5: 0.3, mixing, and then keeping for 6 hours in a steam environment with the temperature of 110 ℃ to obtain the product; the middle layer is prepared from pear tree sawdust, wheat bran powder, humus and zeatin according to the mass ratio of 6.5: 4.0: 2.5: 0.02 stirring and mixing; the lower layer is prepared from vermiculite powder, willow sawdust, carbolic acid and dry bean dregs according to the mass ratio of 6.0: 4.5: 0.01: 1.2 stirring and mixing to obtain;
b, stacking the raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer weighed in the step A in sequence from bottom to top to prepare a culture medium, wherein the culture medium is subjected to pressure maintaining for 30min under the condition that the pressure is 130 kPa; the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 2: 0.2: 0.4.
step three, hypha culture: putting the culture medium obtained in the second step into a culture bag under the pressure of 2.2kg/cm3Sterilizing at 115 deg.C for 16 hr, naturally cooling to 22 deg.C, performing aseptic inoculation with Ganoderma thallus obtained in step one, and culturing the inoculated culture bag at 26 deg.C in dark for 85 days to obtain culture bag full of mycelia; wherein the mass ratio of the ganoderma lucidum mycelia to the culture medium is 10: 0.12;
step four, ganoderma lucidum cultivation: transferring the culture bag full of mycelia obtained in the third step into a culture device, controlling the temperature and humidity in the culture device to be 27.0 ℃ and 70.5% on days 1 to 8, controlling the temperature and humidity in the culture device to be 26.5 ℃ and 80.5% on days 9 to 17, and controlling the temperature and humidity in the culture device to be 27.5 ℃ and 90.5% on days 18 to 40 to obtain the mature artificially cultured ganoderma lucidum.
Example 3
Efficient artificial lucid ganoderma cultivation method
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, strain selection: selecting wild Ganoderma as seed source, extracting parent of wild Ganoderma, and culturing parent to obtain new Ganoderma thallus; wherein wild Ganoderma is Ganoderma lucidum without stem;
step two, preparing a culture medium: the culture medium consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer are respectively weighed and then sequentially stacked to prepare the culture medium with a three-layer structure for later use;
in the above, the specific process of preparing the culture medium comprises the following steps:
step A, weighing raw materials of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer respectively, wherein the raw materials of the upper layer are prepared from mulberry sawdust, cottonseed meal, corncob meal and quicklime meal according to a mass ratio of 11: 3.5: 4.5: 0.3, mixing, and then keeping for 4 hours in a steam environment with the temperature of 106 ℃; the middle layer is prepared from pear tree sawdust, wheat bran powder, humus and zeatin according to the mass ratio of 5.0: 4.0: 2.5: 0.02 stirring and mixing; the lower layer is prepared from vermiculite powder, willow sawdust, carbolic acid and dry bean dregs according to the mass ratio of 5.2: 4.5: 0.01: 1.2 stirring and mixing to obtain;
b, stacking the raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer weighed in the step A in sequence from bottom to top to prepare a culture medium, wherein the culture medium is kept for 20min under the condition that the pressure is 122 kPa; the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 1.2: 0.2: 0.4.
step three, hypha culture: putting the culture medium obtained in the second step into a culture bag under the pressure of 1.9kg/cm3Sterilizing at 108 deg.C for 14.5 hr, naturally cooling to 19 deg.C, performing aseptic inoculation with Ganoderma thallus obtained in step one, and culturing the inoculated culture bag at 22 deg.C in dark for 81 days to obtain culture bag full of mycelia; wherein the mass ratio of the ganoderma lucidum mycelia to the culture medium is 10: 0.12;
step four, ganoderma lucidum cultivation: transferring the culture bag full of mycelia obtained in the third step into a culture device, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 25.5 ℃ and the humidity to be 67.5% from day 1 to day 8, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 25.8 ℃ and the humidity to be 76.5% from day 9 to day 17, and controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 26.8 ℃ and the humidity to be 87.5% from day 18 to day 40 to obtain the mature artificially cultured ganoderma lucidum.
Example 4
Efficient artificial lucid ganoderma cultivation method
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, strain selection: selecting wild Ganoderma as seed source, extracting parent of wild Ganoderma, and culturing parent to obtain new Ganoderma thallus; wherein the wild Ganoderma is Pinggai Ganoderma;
step two, preparing a culture medium: the culture medium consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer are respectively weighed and then sequentially stacked to prepare the culture medium with a three-layer structure for later use;
in the above, the specific process of preparing the culture medium comprises the following steps:
step A, weighing raw materials of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer respectively, wherein the raw materials of the upper layer are prepared from mulberry sawdust, cottonseed meal, corncob meal and quicklime meal according to a mass ratio of 14: 3.5: 4.5: 0.3, mixing, and then keeping for 5 hours in a steam environment with the temperature of 109 ℃; the middle layer is prepared from pear tree sawdust, wheat bran powder, humus and zeatin according to the mass ratio of 6.0: 4.0: 2.5: 0.02 stirring and mixing; the lower layer is prepared from vermiculite powder, willow sawdust, carbolic acid and dry bean dregs according to the mass ratio of 5.8: 4.5: 0.01: 1.2 stirring and mixing to obtain;
b, stacking the raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer weighed in the step A in sequence from bottom to top to prepare a culture medium, wherein the culture medium is subjected to pressure maintaining for 28min under the condition that the pressure is 128 kPa; the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 1.8: 0.2: 0.4.
step three, hypha culture: putting the culture medium obtained in the second step into a culture bag under the pressure of 2.1kg/cm3Sterilizing at 112 ℃ for 15.5 hours, naturally cooling to 21 ℃, then performing aseptic inoculation on the ganoderma lucidum mycelia obtained in the step one, and culturing the inoculated culture bag at 24 ℃ in a dark place for 84 days to obtain a culture bag full of mycelia; wherein the mass ratio of the ganoderma lucidum mycelia to the culture medium is 10: 0.10;
step four, ganoderma lucidum cultivation: transferring the culture bag full of mycelia obtained in the third step into a culture device, controlling the temperature and humidity in the culture device to be 26.5 ℃ and 69.5% on days 1 to 8, controlling the temperature and humidity in the culture device to be 26.2 ℃ and 78.5% on days 9 to 17, and controlling the temperature and humidity in the culture device to be 27.2 ℃ and 89.5% on days 18 to 40 to obtain the mature artificially cultured ganoderma lucidum.
Example 5
Efficient artificial lucid ganoderma cultivation method
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, strain selection: selecting wild Ganoderma as seed source, extracting parent of wild Ganoderma, and culturing parent to obtain new Ganoderma thallus; wherein the wild Ganoderma is Ganoderma lucidum;
step two, preparing a culture medium: the culture medium consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer are respectively weighed and then sequentially stacked to prepare the culture medium with a three-layer structure for later use;
in the above, the specific process of preparing the culture medium comprises the following steps:
step A, weighing raw materials of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer respectively, wherein the raw materials of the upper layer are prepared from mulberry sawdust, cottonseed meal, corncob meal and quicklime powder according to a mass ratio of 13: 3.5: 4.5: 0.3, mixing, and then keeping for 4.5 hours in a steam environment with the temperature of 108 ℃ to obtain the product; the middle layer is prepared from pear tree sawdust, wheat bran powder, humus and zeatin according to the mass ratio of 5.5: 4.0: 2.5: 0.02 stirring and mixing; the lower layer is prepared from vermiculite powder, willow sawdust, carbolic acid and dry bean dregs according to the mass ratio of 5.5: 4.5: 0.01: 1.2 stirring and mixing to obtain;
b, stacking the raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer weighed in the step A in sequence from bottom to top to prepare a culture medium, wherein the culture medium is subjected to pressure maintaining for 23min under the condition that the pressure is 125 kPa; the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 1.5: 0.2: 0.4.
step three, hypha culture: putting the culture medium obtained in the second step into a culture bag under the pressure of 2.0kg/cm3Sterilizing at 110 deg.C for 15 hr, and naturally cooling to 20 deg.CPerforming aseptic inoculation by adopting the ganoderma lucidum mycelia obtained in the step one, and culturing the inoculated culture bag at 23 ℃ in the dark for 83 days to obtain a culture bag full of mycelia; wherein the mass ratio of the ganoderma lucidum mycelia to the culture medium is 10: 0.11;
step four, ganoderma lucidum cultivation: transferring the culture bag full of mycelia obtained in the third step into a culture device, controlling the temperature and humidity in the culture device to be 26.0 ℃ and 68.5% on days 1 to 8, controlling the temperature and humidity in the culture device to be 26.0 ℃ and 78.5% on days 9 to 17, and controlling the temperature and humidity in the culture device to be 27.0 ℃ and 88.5% on days 18 to 40 to obtain the mature artificially cultured ganoderma lucidum.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a device for artificial cultivation of ganoderma lucidum as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3 comprises an upper case 1, a driving shaft 2, a humidity sensor 3, a first temperature sensor 31, a second temperature sensor 6, a plurality of heating pipes 8 and an air interchanger 9, wherein a control box 11 is arranged on one side of the upper case 1, the control box 11 is used for controlling the operation of each electrical component, a heat insulation layer 14 is arranged inside the upper case 1, the heat insulation layer 14 can keep the temperature inside the upper case 1 for a longer time, so that the cultivation effect is better, a sleeve 15 is arranged inside the heat insulation layer 14, a plurality of annular grooves 151 are axially formed on the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve 15, the driving shaft 2 is rotatably installed inside the upper case 1, a plurality of cultivation discs 21 are sleeved on the driving shaft 2, the cultivation discs 21 roll in the annular grooves 151, be equipped with a plurality of culture dish 22 on the cultivation dish 21, the upper strata the middle level with the lower floor is located in the culture tank 211 of cultivation dish 21, the lower floor is including cultivateing layer 23 and basement membrane 231 down, basement membrane 231 is located cultivate the below of layer 23 down, the middle level is including cultivateing board 24 and cultivateing material 241, cultivateing board 24 is located cultivate the higher authority of layer 23 down, it lays to cultivate material 241 on the cultivation board 24, the middle level with be equipped with well membrane 25 between the upper strata, well membrane 25 is laid cultivate the higher authority of material 241, the upper strata is including nutrition liquid layer 26 and upper cultivation layer 27, nutrition liquid layer 26 is located the higher authority of well membrane 25, upper cultivation layer 27 is located the higher authority of nutrition liquid layer 26, humidity transducer 3's lower extreme stretches into in cultivateing material 241, first temperature sensor 31's lower extreme stretches into in the lower cultivation layer 23, the second temperature sensor 6 is arranged on the side wall of the sleeve 15, the heating pipes 8 are arranged on the side wall of the upper box body 1 at intervals, and the air interchanger 9 is arranged at the upper end of the upper box body 1.
The middle membrane 25 is provided with a plurality of air holes 251, and the air holes 251 can not only prevent water from gathering at the root of the ganoderma lucidum, but also enable air between the nutrient solution layer 26 and the culture material 241 to be replaced, so that the culture effect is better.
Preferably, the bottom of the culture tank 211 is provided with an inclined surface 2111, and an included angle between the inclined surface 2111 and the horizontal direction is 1 to 3 degrees, so that water accumulation in the culture tank 211 can be prevented, which causes the growth environment of the ganoderma lucidum to be too humid to generate mold, and the survival rate of the ganoderma lucidum is higher.
Preferably, a plurality of irradiation lamps 7 are arranged at the top end of the interior of the upper case 1, and the irradiation lamps 7 can provide enough light under the condition of poor outdoor illumination, so that the ganoderma lucidum grows faster.
Preferably, the upper end of the outer surface of the upper case 1 is provided with an installation rod 12, the installation rod 12 is provided with a rolling-up light-shielding curtain 13, and the light-shielding curtain 13 is used for shielding external light when the ganoderma lucidum needs a dark environment.
Furthermore, a lower box body 16 is arranged below the upper box body 1, a water tank 4 and a nutrient box 5 are arranged in the lower box body 16, the water tank 4 is connected in the upper box body 1 through a spraying pipe 41, the spraying pipe 41 sprays the lucid ganoderma in the culture dish 22 through the water tank 1 so as to provide moisture for the lucid ganoderma, the nutrient box 5 is connected in the nutrient solution layer 26 through a liquid adding pipe 51, the liquid adding pipe 51 adds nutrient solution into the nutrient solution layer 26 through the nutrient box 5, the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution layer 26 is added at regular time, the adding time is controlled through the control box 11, the driving shaft 2 is driven to rotate through a driving motor 28, the driving motor 28 is arranged in the lower box body 16 and is started through the driving motor 28, so that the driving shaft 2 can drive the culture dish 21 to rotate, and the liquid is sprayed and heated more uniformly, the driving motor 28 is synchronously started when any one of the electric appliances of the heating pipe 8, the water tank 4 and the nutrient box 5 works, so that more energy is saved.
As shown in FIG. 4, the included angle between the planes of two adjacent cultivation plates 21 is 60 °, so that the glossy ganoderma can be cultivated with better quality.
As shown in FIG. 5, a pair of mounting plates 212 are provided at both ends of the culture tray 21, and a roller 213 is provided between the pair of mounting plates 212, and the roller 213 rolls in the ring groove 151.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, strain selection: selecting wild Ganoderma as seed source, extracting parent of wild Ganoderma, and culturing parent to obtain new Ganoderma thallus;
step two, preparing a culture medium: the culture medium consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer are respectively weighed and then sequentially stacked to prepare the culture medium with a three-layer structure for later use;
step three, hypha culture: filling the culture medium obtained in the step two into a culture bag, sterilizing at high pressure, naturally cooling to the temperature of 18-22 ℃, then performing aseptic inoculation on the ganoderma lucidum mycelia obtained in the step one, and culturing the inoculated culture bag in the dark at the temperature of 20-26 ℃ for 80-85 days to obtain a culture bag full of mycelia;
step four, ganoderma lucidum cultivation: transferring the culture bag full of hyphae obtained in the third step into a culture device, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 25.0-27.0 ℃ and the humidity to be 66.5-70.5% from day 1 to day 8, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 25.5-26.5 ℃ and the humidity to be 75.5-80.5% from day 9 to day 17, controlling the temperature in the culture device to be 26.5-27.5 ℃ and the humidity to be 86.5-90.5% from day 18 to day 40, and obtaining the mature artificially cultured ganoderma lucidum.
2. The method for efficiently cultivating ganoderma lucidum according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the wild ganoderma lucidum is selected from any one of ganoderma lucidum, tropical ganoderma lucidum, sessile ganoderma lucidum and flat-cover ganoderma lucidum.
3. The method for efficiently artificially cultivating ganoderma lucidum according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the specific process of preparing the culture medium comprises the following steps:
step A, weighing raw materials of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer respectively, wherein the raw materials of the upper layer are prepared from mulberry sawdust, cottonseed meal, corncob meal and quicklime powder according to a mass ratio of 10-15: 3.5: 4.5: 0.3, mixing, and then keeping for 3 to 6 hours in a steam environment with the temperature of 105 to 110 ℃; the middle layer is prepared from pear tree sawdust, wheat bran powder, humus and zeatin according to a mass ratio of 4.5-6.5: 4.0: 2.5: 0.02 stirring and mixing; the lower layer is prepared from vermiculite powder, willow sawdust, carbolic acid and dry soybean dregs according to a mass ratio of 5.0-6.0: 4.5: 0.01: 1.2 stirring and mixing to obtain;
and step B, stacking the raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer weighed in the step A in sequence from bottom to top to prepare the culture medium.
4. The method for efficiently artificially cultivating ganoderma lucidum according to claim 3, wherein in the step B, the culture medium is kept under the pressure of 120kPa to 130kPa for 15min to 30 min.
5. The method for efficiently artificially cultivating ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step B, the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 1-2: 0.2: 0.4.
6. the method for efficiently artificially cultivating ganoderma lucidum according to claim 1, wherein the autoclaving specifically comprises the following steps: under a pressure of 1.8kg/cm3～2.2kg/cm3And sterilizing at 105-115 deg.c for 14-16 hr.
7. The method for efficiently artificially cultivating ganoderma lucidum according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the mass ratio of ganoderma lucidum thallus to a culture medium in the sterile inoculation is 10: 0.10 to 0.12.
8. The utility model provides a device of high-efficient artificial cultivation glossy ganoderma which characterized in that includes:
the heat insulation structure comprises an upper box body (1), wherein a heat insulation layer (14) is arranged inside the upper box body (1), a sleeve (15) is arranged inside the heat insulation layer (14), and a plurality of annular grooves (151) are axially formed in the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve (15);
drive shaft (2), drive shaft (2) rotatable installation be in last box (1), the cover is equipped with a plurality of cultivation dish (21) on drive shaft (2), cultivation dish (21) is in roll in annular (151), be equipped with a plurality of culture dish (22) on cultivation dish (21), the upper strata the middle level with the lower floor is located in cultivation groove (211) of cultivation dish (21), the lower floor is including cultivating layer (23) and basement membrane (231) down, basement membrane (231) are located under cultivation layer (23), the middle level is including cultivateing board (24) and culture material (241), cultivation board (24) are located cultivate the higher authority of layer (23) down, it lays to cultivate material (241) on cultivation board (24), the middle level with be equipped with mesolamella (25) between the upper strata, mesolamella (25) are laid the higher authority of culture material (241), the upper layer comprises a nutrient solution layer (26) and an upper culture layer (27), the nutrient solution layer (26) is positioned on the upper surface of the middle membrane (25), and the upper culture layer (27) is positioned on the upper surface of the nutrient solution layer (26);
the lower end of the humidity sensor (3) extends into the culture material (241);
a first temperature sensor (31), the lower end of the first temperature sensor (31) extending into the lower culture layer (23);
a second temperature sensor (6), said second temperature sensor (6) being arranged on a side wall of said sleeve (15);
the heating pipes (8) are arranged on the side wall of the upper box body (1) at intervals;
the air interchanger (9), the air interchanger (9) is arranged at the upper end of the upper box body (1).
9. The device for efficiently and artificially cultivating lucid ganoderma according to claim 8, wherein a lower box body (16) is arranged below the upper box body (1), a water tank (4) and a nutrient box (5) are arranged in the lower box body (16), the water tank (4) is connected in the upper box body (1) through a spraying pipe (41), the nutrient box (5) is connected in the nutrient solution layer (26) through a liquid adding pipe (51), the driving shaft (2) is driven to rotate through a driving motor (28), and the driving motor (28) is arranged in the lower box body (16).
10. The device for high-efficiency artificial cultivation of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 9, wherein a pair of mounting plates (212) are arranged at both ends of the cultivation tray (21), a roller (213) is arranged between the pair of mounting plates (212), and the roller (213) rolls in the ring groove (151).
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