CN101574040B - Soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma - Google Patents
Soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma, which comprises the following steps that: a glossy ganoderma culture bag is subjected to germicidal treatment, inoculated with strains of the glossy ganoderma when the temperature in the culture bag is cooled to about 30 DEG C, and then cultured under dark or weak light environment, and mycelia are grown full of the bag; a furrow is made on loosen sandy soil, drainage channels are arranged on the periphery, a glossy ganoderma bed is dug in the furrow, the culture bag is opened and vertically arranged in the glossy ganoderma bed in a way that the inoculation surface is upwards, the bag is covered with soil, gaps are filled by the soil, and the soil is kept moist; the glossy ganoderma bag is culturedcontinuously in the open air and promoted to grow the glossy ganoderma naturally; and a sunshade is erected after the fruit body of the glossy ganoderma is ripen, a rainproof plastic film is spread o n the sunshade, the culture is continued, and ganoderma lucidum spore is collected. The method adopts a field open cold frame soil covering mode to grow the glossy ganoderma, changes the problem that the glossy ganoderma is always in the greenhouse environment in the prior art, reduces cost, only needs aseptic processing and humidity maintaining in the culture process, and is simple, high in programming and easy in promotion.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to the culture technique of glossy ganoderma, especially relate to a kind of soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma
Two, background technology
Glossy ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum) is that chinese tradition medical science is considered as strengthening by means of tonics for a long time always, consolidates the precious Chinese herbal medicine of setting upright, and be written into the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2000 editions as traditional Chinese medicine, one one), also be the new resource food of state approval simultaneously, food medicine dual-purpose.Yet so the environmental conditions such as needing appropriate nutrition, temperature, humidity, air, illumination and acid-base value of growing of glossy ganoderma is many in history based on wild production.Along with science and technology development, artificial cultivation technique arises at the historic moment, and mainly is divided into segment wood cultivated and substituting stuff cultivation, and the phase I is the production of separation and Culture, original seed and the cultivated species of bacterial classification, and second stage is the cultivation of fruit body.At present.Artificial cultivation technique is applied very fast, but ubiquity active constituent content decline problem, influences be used as medicine effect with clinical practice of glossy ganoderma; Often need to use agricultural chemicals to control damage by disease and insect in breeding strain and the cultivation process, so also can cause harmful effect to the quality of glossy ganoderma.
China is that glossy ganoderma main on the world market produces and exported country, and along with living standards of the people improve the increase gradually that reaches the functional food demand, global glossy ganoderma consumption figure is ascendant trend year by year.At present, Wild ganoderma is few, and indoor growing promptly utilizes cotton seed hulls, wood chip and wheat bran as medium, adopts booth to cultivate, though the glossy ganoderma of production has certain value, compares with Wild ganoderma and to have very big difference.Therefore, how to improve glossy ganoderma artificial cultivation technique, improve its product quality and have substantive meaning.Meanwhile, the glossy ganoderma development later stage launches the seed that discharges and (biologically claims basidiospore, diameter has only 5～8 μ m), be Powdered after putting together, contain the peptidoglycan abundanter, adenosine, protein, enzyme, selenium element, in enhance immunity, suppress aspect the drug effect of tumour considerably beyond its parent glossy ganoderma than glossy ganoderma.Because lucidum spore powder is collected very difficulty under natural environment, seem important day by day so how it is effectively collected and does not influence the glossy ganoderma normal growth.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem: the objective of the invention is to improve the deficiency of existing culture technique and a kind of simulated wild glossy ganoderma cultivation method is provided, use that this method cultivating ganoderma ventilates, the light foot, go out that sesame is neat, sesame type U.S., color and luster is bright, cap is thick, quality is hard, output is high, proterties is good, the conidial powder amount of collecting is many, clean, pollution-free, is convenient to separation, broken and purification.This method facility is simple, convenient management, with low cost, product high-quality, be easy to push away factory.
Technical scheme: a kind of soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma, method is: the glossy ganoderma culture bag is through sterilization treatment, wait to cultivate and insert lucidum strain when temperature is cooled to 30 ℃ of left and right sides in the construction materials contract, then culture bag is placed the environment of 20～25 ℃, air humidity 55%～65%, dark or the low light level to cultivate 30～40d down, mycelia is covered with bag; Composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the described culture bag is any one in following three kinds: 1) based on the Fagaceae seeds, length is less than the Duan Mu of 36cm; 2) based on the Fagaceae seeds, length is less than the mixture of the Duan Muyu wood chip of 36cm; 3) by percentage to the quality, the Fagaceae seeds are main wood chip 70%～90%, wheat bran 9%～26%, and rapeseed cake 1%～6% adds clear water and mixes thoroughly, and moisture quality control is 55%～60%, pH5～6; On the loose sandy soil of pH5～6, do the furrow of wide 1.5m, long 10～15m, high 20～25cm, establish the drain ditch all around, and in furrow, dig the sesame bed of dark 18～20cm, under 15～20 ℃ of conditions, bag is unwrapped in cultivation, inoculating surfaces is upright up to be arranged in ridge-up bed, the line-spacing 5～7cm of culture bag, and it is thick to wrap earthing 2～3cm, the gap is filled and led up with soil, keeps ground moistening; Continue to cultivate under 25～30 ℃, the open-air condition of humidity 85%～95%, short its goes out sesame naturally; After the ganoderma lucidum fruitbody maturation, set up sunshade, and the plastic film of the rain of setting up defences on the sunshade upper berth, continue to cultivate 7～10d, collect Reishi sporule.The ant powder that goes out has been spread in described sesame bed bottom.
Condition of culture is preferably: it is good that the substituting stuff cultivation quality is formed with 78% robur wood chip, 20% wheat bran, 2% colza cake, is advisable with water content 58%, pH5.5; The inoculation back is good with 23 ℃ of room temperatures, air humidity 60%; The field go out sesame with 28 ℃, air humidity 88% for good; Compare with substituting stuff cultivation, segment wood cultivated simulated wild glossy ganoderma quality is more good, the commodity value height.
Beneficial effect: adopt open-air open-air cold bed earthing to go out the sesame pattern, changed prior art and be in the booth problem of environment always, reduced cost, the cultivation process only needs sterile working, keeps humidity, and method is simple, and the sequencing height is easy to promote;
Adopt the field to go out the sesame pattern in the open, changed cool canopy culture technique i.e. characteristics of frame shading shed above furrow before going out sesame, remain open-air natural conditions in the sporophore growth process, the simulated wild glossy ganoderma of cultivation is grown in the field, be of high nutritive value, very approaching with Wild ganoderma;
Adopt the rainproof collection powder of frame canopy pattern, produce after the spore glossy ganoderma treats that fruit body grows up to substantially, the frame shading shed is rainproof above furrow, adopts spore collector to collect Reishi sporule (powder) to greatest extent, realizes high product quality and economic benefit.
Four, embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma is transplanted in the field soil and is cultivated, goes out the flow process of sesame management, the glossy ganoderma of gathering and carries out by preparation medium, culture medium inoculated, cultivation bacterial classification, making culture bag, culture bag inoculation, cultivation management, culture bag.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of imitative wild no spore glossy ganoderma soil covering culture method is transplanted in the field soil and is cultivated, goes out the flow process of sesame management, the glossy ganoderma of gathering and carries out by preparation medium, culture medium inoculated, cultivation bacterial classification, making culture bag, culture bag inoculation, cultivation management, culture bag.Culture bag is packed into by composts or fertilisers of cultivating and is made in the bag, the cultivation bag of dress composts or fertilisers of cultivating is made by high temperature plastics, composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the culture bag can (the Fagaceae seeds be main: as evergreen chinquapin less than the Duan Mu of 36cm by length, oak, sweet oak, beech etc., You Yizhi is firmly for well) make, also can (the Fagaceae seeds be main: as evergreen chinquapin less than the Duan Mu of 36cm and wood chip by length, oak, sweet oak, beech etc., You Yizhi is firmly for well) make, also can be by wood chip, wheat bran and rapeseed cake are made, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription is (mass percent): wood chip 70%～90%, wheat bran 9%～26%, rapeseed cake 1%～6% adds clear water and mixes thoroughly, water content is controlled at 55%～60%, pH5～6.Culture bag is earlier through the high temperature treatment more than 100 ℃, to be cooledly to about 30 ℃, in transfer room or inoculating hood, rob the temperature inoculation when (material in temperature), place the environment of 20～25 ℃, air humidity 55%～65%, dark or the low light level to cultivate about 30～40d down then, but mycelia just purseful enter out the sesame hypervisor.Adopt open-air open-air cold bed earthing to go out the sesame pattern, be chosen in massif along the river (or small stream) near zone towards the southeast, physical features is smooth, humidity is big, the local easily cultivation of draining, loose sandy soils good with air capacity of soils, pH5～6 are advisable.The fine day dark 20cm that digs removes weeds, stone, does the furrow of south-north direction, wide 1.5m, long 10～15m, high 20～25cm after being exposed to the sun, and establishes the drain ditch all around.Select 15～20 ℃ fine or cloudy day to transplant culture bag, put in order the trench (sesame bed) that digs dark 18～20cm in the good bar furrow in advance, bottom of trench spreads a little ant powder that goes out, and carefully opens bag and takes out culture bag, and inoculating surfaces is upright up to be arranged in ridge-up bed, stay aligned, line-spacing 5～7cm, earthing 2～3cm is thick, and the gap is filled and led up with soil, drench small amount of moisture, keep ground moistening.The soil of cultivating ganoderma keeps open-air natural conditions (25～30 ℃ of temperature, humidity 85%～95%) before going out sesame, short its goes out sesame naturally.10～16d behind the earthing, glossy ganoderma grows original hase, segment wood cultivatedly is formed into the cap maturation from original hase and needs 45～65d approximately, and substituting stuff cultivation is formed into the cap maturation from original hase and needs 25～30d approximately.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of imitative wild product spore glossy ganoderma soil covering culture method is by preparation medium, culture medium inoculated, cultivation bacterial classification, make culture bag, culture bag inoculation, cultivation management, culture bag and transplant cultivation in the field soil, go out that sesame is managed, collects spore, the flow process of the glossy ganoderma of gathering is carried out.Culture bag is packed into by composts or fertilisers of cultivating and is made in the bag, the cultivation bag of dress composts or fertilisers of cultivating is made by high temperature plastics, composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the culture bag can (the Fagaceae seeds be main: as evergreen chinquapin less than the Duan Mu of 36cm by length, oak, sweet oak, beech etc., You Yizhi is firmly for well) make, also can (the Fagaceae seeds be main: as evergreen chinquapin less than the Duan Mu of 36cm and wood chip by length, oak, sweet oak, beech etc., You Yizhi is firmly for well) make, also can be by wood chip, wheat bran and rapeseed cake are made, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription is (mass percent): wood chip 70%～90%, wheat bran 9%～26%, rapeseed cake 1%～6% adds clear water and mixes thoroughly, water content is controlled at 55%～60%, pH5～6.Culture bag is earlier through the high temperature treatment more than 100 ℃, to be cooledly to about 30 ℃, in transfer room or inoculating hood, rob the temperature inoculation when (material in temperature), place the environment of 20～25 ℃, air humidity 55%～65%, dark or the low light level to cultivate about 30～40d down then, but mycelia just purseful enter out the sesame hypervisor.Adopt open-air open-air cold bed earthing to go out the sesame pattern, be chosen in massif along the river (or small stream) near zone towards the southeast, physical features is smooth, humidity is big, the local easily cultivation of draining, loose sandy soils good with air capacity of soils, pH5～6 are advisable.The fine day dark 20cm that digs removes weeds, stone, does the furrow of south-north direction, wide 1.5m, long 10～15m, high 20～25cm after being exposed to the sun, and establishes the drain ditch all around.Select 15～20 ℃ fine or cloudy day to transplant culture bag, put in order the trench (sesame bed) that digs dark 18～20cm in the good bar furrow in advance, bottom of trench spreads a little ant powder that goes out, and carefully opens bag and takes out culture bag, and inoculating surfaces is upright up to be arranged in ridge-up bed, stay aligned, line-spacing 5～7cm, earthing 2～3cm is thick, and the gap is filled and led up with soil, drench small amount of moisture, keep ground moistening.The soil of cultivating ganoderma keeps open-air natural conditions (25～30 ℃ of temperature, humidity 85%～95%) before going out sesame, short its goes out sesame naturally.10～16d behind the earthing, glossy ganoderma grows original hase, segment wood cultivatedly is formed into the cap maturation from original hase and needs 45～65d approximately, and substituting stuff cultivation is formed into the cap maturation from original hase and needs 25～30d approximately.Adopt the rainproof collection powder of frame canopy pattern, be mature on the whole in fruit body after (standard of fruit body maturation is that Zhi Gai edge white growth circle disappears and transfers sepia to, and have a large amount of spores to be adsorbed on sesame cover), the frame shading shed is rainproof above furrow, fruit body continues to cultivate 7～10d, collects Reishi sporule (powder).
Embodiment 4:
A kind of soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma according to southern climatic condition, expects that at preparation in 1 year 11～December section wood or generation inoculate December, and transplant in the field soil February in next year to March, and gather in the crops June.
Compare with the cool canopy cultivation method, the robur of employing is segment wood cultivated, and no spore ganoderma lucidum fruitbody biological transformation ratio reaches 6.6%～8.4%, produces spore ganoderma lucidum fruitbody biological transformation ratio and be 3.3%～4.4%, conidial powder biological transformation ratio about 3.0%; Generation material (78%wt robur wood chip, 20%wt wheat bran, the 2%wt colza cake) cultivation of adopting, no spore ganoderma lucidum fruitbody biological transformation ratio reaches 8.4%～10.2%, produces spore ganoderma lucidum fruitbody biological transformation ratio and be 4.3%～5.9%, conidial powder biological transformation ratio about 3.6%.
The robur that present embodiment adopts is segment wood cultivated, and no spore ganoderma lucidum fruitbody biological transformation ratio reaches 6.3%～8.2%, and product spore ganoderma lucidum fruitbody biological transformation ratio is 3.1%～4.2%, conidial powder biological transformation ratio about 2.8%; Generation material (78%wt robur wood chip, 20%wt wheat bran, the 2%wt colza cake) cultivation of adopting, no spore ganoderma lucidum fruitbody biological transformation ratio reaches 8.0%～9.8%, produces spore ganoderma lucidum fruitbody biological transformation ratio and be 4.0%～5.7%, conidial powder biological transformation ratio about 3.5%.
Claims (3)
1. soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma is characterized in that incubation step is:
A. the glossy ganoderma culture bag is through sterilization treatment, waits to cultivate when temperature is cooled to 30 ℃ of left and right sides in the construction materials contract and inserts lucidum strain, then culture bag placed the environment of 20～25 ℃, air humidity 55%～65%, dark or the low light level to cultivate 30～40d down, and mycelia is covered with bag; Composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the described culture bag is any one in following three kinds: 1) based on the Fagaceae seeds, length is less than the Duan Mu of 36cm; 2) based on the Fagaceae seeds, length is less than the mixture of the Duan Muyu wood chip of 36cm; 3) by percentage to the quality, the Fagaceae seeds are main wood chip 70%～90%, wheat bran 9%～26%, and colza cake 1%～6% adds clear water and mixes thoroughly, and moisture quality control is 55%～60%, pH5～6;
B. on the loose sandy soil of pH5～6, do the furrow of wide 1.5m, long 10～15m, high 20～25cm, establish the drain ditch all around, and in furrow, dig the sesame bed of dark 18～20cm, under 15～20 ℃ of conditions, bag is unwrapped in cultivation, inoculating surfaces is upright up to be arranged in the sesame bed, the line-spacing 5～7cm of culture bag, and it is thick to wrap earthing 2～3cm, the gap is filled and led up with soil, keeps ground moistening;
C. continue to cultivate under 25～30 ℃, the open-air condition of humidity 85%～95%, short its goes out sesame naturally;
D. after the ganoderma lucidum fruitbody maturation, set up sunshade, and the plastic film of the rain of setting up defences on the sunshade upper berth, continue to cultivate 7～10d, collect Reishi sporule.
2. soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma according to claim 1 is characterized in that having spread the ant powder that goes out bottom the described sesame bed.
3. soil covering culture method for simulated wild glossy ganoderma according to claim 1, it is characterized in that condition of culture is: the cultivating in bag quality group becomes 78% robur wood chip, 20% wheat bran, 2% colza cake, water content 58%, pH5.5; 23 ℃ of inoculation back room temperatures, air humidity 60%; It is 28 ℃, air humidity 88% that the field goes out the sesame condition.
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