CN1432268A - Xianggu mushroom cultivating technology in sand, dry and saline-alkali land - Google Patents
Xianggu mushroom cultivating technology in sand, dry and saline-alkali land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides the technology of cultivating Xianggu mushroom in dry and saline and alkaline land through grain-mushroom interplanting or cultivating in frosty land. The technological process includes mushroom seed cultivation, making cultivation bed, compounding cultivation material, inoculation, cultivation, color transferring and harvesting. It adopts opened cultivation with fermented crop straw or leftover as cultivation material. The said technology is suitable for large area cultivation of Xianggu mushroom.
Description
The invention belongs to a kind of fungus growing technique, particularly in dust storm, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting regionally.
Mushroom is a kind of very welcome edible mushroom, and cultivation is at home and abroad all arranged, and its cultivation method is also had nothing in common with each other.Because the cultivation of mushroom is subjected to the restriction of temperature, humidity; in China; particularly northeast and west area, cultivating champignon all are pocket type protection ground (in the canopy) cultivations, and this cultivation method is to take well done material, closed inoculation; utilize protection ground to take off bag or designated port fruiting; this planting type is taken a lot of work, and is time-consuming, effort; and moisturizing difficulty during fruiting, shortcoming such as yield poorly (general 80%) is of poor quality.
Chinese patent: 95111938.9 (application numbers) disclose a kind of outdoor open type producing technique for Xianggu mushroom, open-air inoculation, outdoor open bacterium, low temperature is sent out bacterium bedding coating, and and crops between plant, sunflower or corn with a kind are regulated light, useless mycelia turns in the ground, the infertile field of improving the soil, spring sowing autumn harvest, anniversary produces, and this part patent does not provide the concrete composition of medium.
Above-mentioned cultivation method is planted mushroom in large area because of the thickness of the width of its bedding and medium and mushroom and grain intercropping structure are not suitable for dust storm, arid, saline and alkaline area.
Yet there are no document announcement and can plant on the disclosed at home document of mushroom technology in large area in dust storm, arid, saline and alkaline area.
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of dust storm, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting for addressing the above problem regionally, uses this technology to plant mushroom in large area in China's dust storm, arid, saline and alkaline area, provides a new road of development for ground plants mushroom.
Goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved in that dust storm, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting are to make cultivate material with crop stalk or offcuts regionally, fermentation or semi-mature material, bulk cargo is not packed in bag, and directly into bed, technology is planted in open inoculation with carrying out mushroom and grain intercropping, interplanting in woodland mushroom.Technical process is divided into: the selection of bacterial classification and cultivation comprise the seed selection of one-level (promptly female the kind) bacterial classification, secondary (being original seed) bacterial classification, three-class strain (being cultivated species); The bedding coating; The preparation of cultivate material (forming and prescription); Go into the bench grafting kind; Bacteria, annesl, fruiting.
The selection of bacterial classification and cultivation: the LS05 that first class inoculum is bred for oneself in the present technique, LS02, LS03 bacterial classification; Second class inoculum is to make medium with grain, and grain can be corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat, millet etc.Grain needs after limewash soaks, sterilizes, and inserts mother and plant below material temperature 30 degree, and female the kind cultivated domestication in the medium of PH7.5-8.5; The medium of three-class strain is by corncob 30.7%, wood sawdust 53%, wheat bran 15%, land plaster 1%, magnesium sulfate 0.3% is formed, after medium mixes pack by above-mentioned prescription, sterilization, inoculation, making second class inoculum is to cultivate domestication in the medium of 8-8.5 at pH value, allows bacterial classification adapt to the growth conditions of alkalescence.
The bacterial classification characteristics have higher high temperature resistant (below 35 ℃), alkaline-resisting anti-hybrid ability.
Make ridge-up bed: ridge-up bed is chosen in the middle of corn, Chinese sorghum, the contour highland barley crop of sunflower or the forest land, utilizes the sunshade of high highland barley crop, regulates temperature, keep humidity, ridge-up bed is decided according to terrain, and length is not limit, but high highland barley crop and ridge-up bed must be selected east-west, ridge-up bed is wide to be 40-60CM, the ridge-up bed width surpasses 60CM, can not go out high temperature and burns bacterium, the dark 8-10CM of bed because of heat distributes, bed end spreading, the material thickness of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 5-8CM on the film.There is the operation road ridge-up bed north side, and the southern side must be close to the high highland barley crop in big ridge, can improve high temperature resistance, the drought-resistance ability of bacterium bed.Ridge-up bed is higher than the operation road, in order to draining.When using interplanting in woodland, the ridge-up bed trend is not limit.
The component of cultivate material and content (weight %) are:
The mould clean or carbendazim 0.1%-0.15% of corncob 30-50%, straw 26-46%, wheat bran 15-20%, corn flour 4-7%, analysis for soybean powder 3%, land plaster 1%, lime 0.3%, gram, pH value are 8.
In the above-mentioned prescription, straw can be the straw of beans, corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat or straw.Can also select for use wood sawdust to replace straw, other component and content are constant.Wood sawdust is selected soft weedtrees such as elm, Yang Shu, willow bits for use, to dry or old wood chip is best, mainly is because farming district hardwood source difficulty and price height select for use the soft weedtree bits to gather materials on the spot, and is that farming district mushroom culture enlarges raw material sources.Above-mentioned batching is pulverized and is evenly mixed after fermentation, sterilization.With good conditionsi, can hot fermentation, sterilization in the greenhouse, fermentation back cultivate material is gone into the bench grafting kind in humidity is 60-65%, PH8-9 scope.There is not the adopted semi-mature material cultivation of fermentation condition, available normal pressure pot heat sterilization, method is that cultivate material is heated at the normal pressure pot, keeps when temperature to be expected reaches 100 ℃ 3 hours, can take the dish out of the pot, when temperature to be expected is no more than 30 ℃, just can be directly into the bench grafting kind.
Go into the bench grafting kind: going into a time should be when 0 ℃ of left and right sides of daily mean temperature, and bulk cargo is directly into the open inoculation of bed, put on the bacterial classification collaborate, the TONGFENGCAO handle.
Bacteria: ground plants mushroom, and bacteria is based on natural temperature, and the bacterium bed assorted bacterium of protecting from infection will remain the above wet soil of 2CM on the bacterium bed, and temperature surpasses can suitably reduce bed temperature more than 30 ℃.Through removing native annesl, annesl limit, limit fruiting.
The present invention has following advantage: this technology can artificially be controlled simulating natural condition and plant mushroom in large area, the mushroom growth back to nature under the ecotope in China's dust storm, arid, saline and alkaline area.Plant comparison with bag, the saving of labor, save time, laborsaving; Be beneficial to moisturizing in the production process of mushroom, output height (conversion ratio is 100%-120%), quality is good; Make the color of mushroom all be better than bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus; Waste mushroom can fertilize the soil.The present invention adopts fermentation material or the open inoculation of semi-mature material bulk cargo, carry out mushroom and grain intercropping, interplanting in woodland commerial growing, for utilizing crops leftovers ground training mushroom, dust storm, arid, saline land farming district provide new technology, for the structural readjustment of rural industry, quickening conceding the land to forestry paces, increase peasant economy income are expanded a new road.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a ridge-up bed structural representation when going into the bench grafting kind among the present invention;
Fig. 2 places ventilation, gas blowby grass schematic diagram on the charge level when going into the bench grafting kind among the present invention.
Among the figure: 1 high highland barley crop, 2 ridge-up beds, 3 operation roads, 4 TONGFENGCAOs, 5 gas blowbies grass, 6 gas blowbies grass
Embodiment 1:
This technology is used for the Lindian County, Heilongjiang Province, and this county soil property is black calcium, sandy, alkaline soil, weather arid short of rain.
Bacterial classification Production Time, cultivate first class inoculum LS05 October, bacterial classification is 7 at the medium pH value, tame under 35 ℃ of conditions of temperature.Cultivate second class inoculum November, the second class inoculum medium is selected Chinese sorghum for use, and sorghum grain is dipped to the no white heart through limewash and is advisable, and at PH7.5, admixes 1% land plaster, and bottling treats that temperature reduces to 30 degree and inoculate when following behind the autoclaving; Cultivate three-class strain 12 the end of month, the prescription of three-class strain medium is corncob 30.7%, wood sawdust 53%, wheat bran 15%, land plaster 1%, magnesium sulfate 0.3%, and three-class strain medium pH value is 8.5 when cultivating domestication.
High highland barley crop 1 is selected corn, and corn planting is east-west.Before freezing last 1 year autumn ridge-up bed 2 is performed, ridge-up bed 2 also is east-west, and ridge-up bed 2 is wide to be 50CM, the dark 8CM of bed, and ridge-up bed 2 exceeds operation road 3, the wide 1.5m of mulch film, thickness 1.5 roads, the thick 7CM of cultivate material material on the film.
The component of cultivate material and content (weight %) are: mould clean 0.1%, the pH value of corncob 40.6%, soya bean straw 30%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 5%, analysis for soybean powder 3%, gypsum 1%, lime 0.3%, gram is 8.Maize cob meal in the batching is broken into the beans size, and straw is ground into art bits shape.Above-mentioned batching is evenly mixed the back and is adopted pasteurization to ferment in the greenhouse, and fermentation back cultivate material is 60% in humidity, goes into the bench grafting kind in the PH8.5 scope.
Go into the morning and evening of bench grafting kind time when being selected in daily mean temperature 0-5 ℃ of March and carry out, this moment is low because of temperature, dust storm is little, assorted bacterium spore is in resting state, inoculates not easy infection.Aging bacterial classification and original hase with sterile hilt cultivated species surface slices off earlier, and bacterial classification is broken into off with the fingers and thumb the piece of soybean grain size, and bacterial classification, composts or fertilisers of cultivating are poured on the ridge-up bed 2, uses the pressing plate compacting while dressing seed, and charge level preferably is turtleback shape.Sterile-processed TONGFENGCAO handle, the grass handle of collaborating of placement on the charge level.The modes of emplacement of grass handle is tiltedly to put one deck gas blowby grass 5 on the charge level of compacting, gas blowby grass is advisable the spacing distance between 5 with 10-20CM, again the grass of in the middle of ridge-up bed 2, tiltedly putting 5 on along put one gas blowby grass 6 as suitable beam in order to ventilation (referring to Fig. 2), close and laterally place one deck TONGFENGCAO behind the side form 4, TONGFENGCAO 4 spacing distance be advisable with 50-70CM, the TONGFENGCAO that requires traverse is 4 one contact charge levels in ridge-up bed 2, after the opposite side mulch film that closes buries the thick wet soil of about 5CM, the TONGFENGCAO of traverse is exposed 4 other ends, enters the bacteria phase (referring to Fig. 1).Plant mushroom, bacteria is based on natural temperature, but should note bacteria infection during the bacteria, to remain the wet soil of 2CM about thick on the bacterium bed, in case high temperature burns bacterium, when temperature surpasses more than 30 ℃, can suitably thicken the earthing on the bed and water reducing bed temperature, and note stirring TONGFENGCAO 4 to increase gas permeability, raising bacteria quality.Two, the flower bud foaming has appearred in (about six Julies) after three months on the charge level of cultivate material, when accounting for whole bed surface 1/5 left and right sides, knob can remove native annesl, should diligently observe and remove native annesl in good time this moment, to plant mushroom be annesl limit, limit fruiting, to prevent hot and humid bacteria infection between colour-change period, when existing charge level more than 80% transfers sepia to, just can remove film and enter management of producing mushroom.Will keep bed surface humidity to reach about 80% during the fruiting, and certain scattered light is arranged, when the medium not parachute-opening of mushroom length to six, just can gather when being the bronze gong shape, conversion rate of products is 115%.
Embodiment 2:
First class inoculum is selected LS02 for use, ridge-up bed 2 is wide to be 55CM, the second class inoculum medium is selected wheat for use, high highland barley crop 1 is selected Chinese sorghum, the composition of cultivate material and content (weight %) are: mould clean 0.1%, the pH value of corncob 45%, straw straw 27.6%, wheat bran 17%, corn flour 7%, analysis for soybean powder 3%, gypsum 1%, lime 0.3%, gram is 8, other is with embodiment 1, and conversion rate of products is 100%.
Embodiment 3: first class inoculum is selected LS03 for use, ridge-up bed 2 is wide to be 45CM, the second class inoculum medium is selected corn for use, high highland barley crop 1 is selected jowar, and the composition of cultivate material and content (weight %) are: mould clean 0.1%, the pH value of corncob 40.6%, soya bean straw 30%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 5%, analysis for soybean powder 3%, gypsum 1%, lime 0.3%, gram is 8.The cultivation of fermentation material, other is with embodiment 1, and conversion rate of products is 110%.
Embodiment 4: first class inoculum is selected LS02 for use, ridge-up bed 2 is wide to be 55CM, the second class inoculum medium is selected corn for use, high highland barley crop 1 is selected sunflower, and the composition of cultivate material and content (weight %) are: mould clean 0.1%, the pH value of corncob 40%, wood chip 30.6%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 5%, analysis for soybean powder 3%, gypsum 1%, lime 0.3%, gram is 8.Wood chip is selected for use to dry and is raised the trees bits, the semi-mature material cultivation, and other is with embodiment 1, and conversion rate of products is 120%.
Embodiment 5: ridge-up bed 2 is wide to be 60CM, the second class inoculum medium is selected corn for use, interplanting in woodland, the composition of cultivate material and content (weight %) are: mould clean 0.1%, the pH value of corncob 40%, soya bean straw 30.6%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 5%, analysis for soybean powder 3%, gypsum 1%, lime 0.3%, gram is 8.The semi-mature material cultivation, other is with embodiment 1, and conversion rate of products is 120%.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of dust storm, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting, bacterial classification be at indoor culture regionally, open inoculation, and outdoor the earth is cultivated in the open, the bedding coating, mushroom and grain intercropping is characterized in that:
A, this technology are applicable to dust storm, arid, saline and alkaline area ecological environment, and cultivate material is the fermentation material, and bulk cargo is directly into the bench grafting kind;
B, ridge-up bed is wide is 40-60CM, and there is the operation road ridge-up bed north side, and the southern side is close to the high highland barley crop in big ridge;
C, bacterial classification:
First class inoculum is LS05, LS02, the LS03 bacterial classification of self-fertile;
Second class inoculum is to make medium with grain, and grain needs after limewash soaks, sterilizes, and female the kind cultivated domestication in the medium of PH7.5-8.5;
The prescription of the medium of three-class strain is corncob 30.7%, wood sawdust 53%, wheat bran 15%, land plaster 1%, magnesium sulfate 0.3%, and the pH value of medium is 8-8.5;
The component of d, cultivate material and content (weight %) are that corncob 30-50%, straw 26-46%, wheat bran 15-20%, corn flour 5-7%, analysis for soybean powder 3%, land plaster 1%, lime 0.3%, mould clean (or carbendazim) 0.1%-0.15% of gram, pH value are 8; The material thickness of cultivate material is 5-8CM;
E, place on the charge level when going into the bench grafting kind TONGFENGCAO (4), gas blowby grass (5,6).
2, dust storm according to claim 1, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting regionally, it is characterized in that: cultivate material also can adopt semi-mature material, cultivate material is put into the normal pressure pot, be heated to when the material temperature reaches 100 ℃ and kept 3 hours, can take the dish out of the pot, when temperature to be expected is no more than 30 ℃ bulk cargo be gone into the bench grafting kind.
3, dust storm according to claim 1, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting is characterized in that regionally: second class inoculum can be corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat or millet as the grain of medium.
4, dust storm according to claim 1, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting is characterized in that regionally: can also use wood sawdust to replace straw in described cultivate material component and the content.
5, dust storm according to claim 1, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting is characterized in that regionally: related wood sawdust specifically is meant soft weedtree bits such as elm, Yang Shu, willow in the prescription of described medium and cultivate material.
6, dust storm according to claim 1, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting, it is characterized in that: the straw that relates in the prescription of described cultivate material can be the straw of beans, corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat or straw regionally.
7, dust storm according to claim 1, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting regionally, it is characterized in that: when going into the bench grafting kind on the charge level TONGFENGCAO be the modes of emplacement of (5,6) (4), gas blowby grass on charge level, tiltedly to put earlier one deck gas blowby grass (5), upward careless the suitable beam of (6) conduct at the gas blowby grass of tiltedly putting again along putting gas blowby (5), close and laterally place one deck TONGFENGCAO behind the side form again (4), TONGFENGCAO is (4) contact charge levels in ridge-up bed (2), after the opposite side mulch film that closes buried wet soil, TONGFENGCAO was exposed (4) other end.
8, dust storm according to claim 1, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting is characterized in that regionally: when planting between selection and corn, Chinese sorghum, the contour highland barley crop of sunflower, high highland barley crop and ridge-up bed are east-west.
9, dust storm according to claim 1, arid, the saline and alkaline mushroom technology of planting regionally, it is characterized in that: this technology also can be used for interplanting in woodland, and the ridge-up bed trend is not limit when being used for interplanting in woodland.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102812850A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-12-12 | 忻州市沐野食用菌研究所 | Naturalizing cultivation method of agaricus bisporus in forest land |
| CN103430769A (en) * | 2013-08-10 | 2013-12-11 | 黄艳芳 | Method for cultivating mushroom by strip-shaped corn straws |
| CN103460980A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-25 | 徐德邡 | Method for cultivating oyster mushroom raw materials |
| CN103755436A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-30 | 颍上县鸿涛菌业专业合作社 | Mushroom cultivation material with straw as raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104119132A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-10-29 | 东至县兴农菌业有限责任公司 | Pleurotus eryngii culture medium by taking sunflower straws as raw materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN104285533A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-21 | 赵俊瑞 | Method for using agricultural straw to improve saline-alkali soil |
| CN104823707A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-12 | 吴中区胥口精益生物医药研究所 | Cultivation method of mushroom half-cooked material |
| CN105027916A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Salicornia europaea and bean interplanting method used in saline alkali soil |
| CN105110865A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-12-02 | 合肥一诺生物科技有限公司 | Lentinus edodes culture material made from crop straw and preparation method thereof |
| CN106613346A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for mushroom |
| CN108294295A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-07-20 | 安徽东方果园生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of homovitamin D crisp mushroom chips |
| CN111066573A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-04-28 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for simply cultivating edible fungi under forest |
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- 2003-03-04 CN CN 03107117 patent/CN1432268A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
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| CN103460980A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-25 | 徐德邡 | Method for cultivating oyster mushroom raw materials |
| CN102812850A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-12-12 | 忻州市沐野食用菌研究所 | Naturalizing cultivation method of agaricus bisporus in forest land |
| CN103430769A (en) * | 2013-08-10 | 2013-12-11 | 黄艳芳 | Method for cultivating mushroom by strip-shaped corn straws |
| CN103755436A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-30 | 颍上县鸿涛菌业专业合作社 | Mushroom cultivation material with straw as raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104119132B (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-04-06 | 东至县兴农菌业有限责任公司 | A kind of sunflower stalk is Pleurotus eryngii substratum of raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104119132A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-10-29 | 东至县兴农菌业有限责任公司 | Pleurotus eryngii culture medium by taking sunflower straws as raw materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN104285533A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-21 | 赵俊瑞 | Method for using agricultural straw to improve saline-alkali soil |
| CN104285533B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-08-24 | 赵俊瑞 | A kind of method utilizing agricultural stalk improvement alkaline land soil |
| CN104823707A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-12 | 吴中区胥口精益生物医药研究所 | Cultivation method of mushroom half-cooked material |
| CN105110865A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-12-02 | 合肥一诺生物科技有限公司 | Lentinus edodes culture material made from crop straw and preparation method thereof |
| CN105027916A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Salicornia europaea and bean interplanting method used in saline alkali soil |
| CN106613346A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for mushroom |
| CN108294295A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-07-20 | 安徽东方果园生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of homovitamin D crisp mushroom chips |
| CN111066573A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-04-28 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for simply cultivating edible fungi under forest |
| CN111066573B (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2022-02-22 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for simply cultivating edible fungi under forest |
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