JPH11155365A - Cultivation of coprinus comatus pers. - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To industrially obtain a fruit body of Coprinus comatus Pers. stably through the whole year at a low cost by artificially cultivating the Coprinus comatus Pers. in a culture medium prepared by using a water holding material such as sawdust and various agricultural and food wastes as a nutrient source. SOLUTION: This method for cultivating Coprinus comatus Pers. and providing a fruit body thereof comprises a preculturing step for thermally sterilizing a culture medium prepared by mixing a water holding material such as sawdust with a nutrient source using at least one or more materials such as rice bran, bean-curd refuse, wheat bran, corn bran and brewer's grain in combination and water, then inoculating the resultant culture medium with a spawn of Coprinus comatus Pers. culturing the spawn at a temp. of 15-35 deg.C for 10-40 days and providing a mushroom bed where hyphae are 'grown on the culture medium and a postculturing step for placing a water holding and air permeable material on the mushroom bed and culturing the mushroom bed at a temp. of 10-20 deg.C, >=80% humidity and >=50 lux illuminance for 20-60 days.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating Sasakurehi Toyotake. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating Sasakurehhi tokei, in which fruiting bodies of Sasakurahitoyake can be stably obtained in a short period of time regardless of the season.

[0002]

[Prior Art] Sasakurehi Toyotake (Coprinus comatu)
s) grows in grassland, upland fields, grasslands in parks, and the like in the natural world from May to October, and germs that do not open with umbrellas are eaten as delicious edible mushrooms. This mushroom has been artificially cultivated in China for a long time, but the cultivation is performed by burying the medium in the soil and covering the soil. In this method, stable management of mushrooms based on a natural cultivation plan is not possible because mushroom occurrence management and the like are affected by natural environmental conditions.

At present, edible mushrooms such as oyster mushroom, enokitake mushroom, nameko mushroom, and maitake mushroom are cultivated year-round by using air conditioning facilities on a sawdust-based medium. Despite artificial cultivation, stable production technology has not yet been established. For example, page 32 of "Special Product Information", August 1993 (Rural Culture), inoculates a medium treated on a waste bacterial bed of shiitake mushrooms and the like, and turns the bacteria at 25 ° C. for 30 days. It is described that the fruiting body is developed over the next two weeks, and that the cultivation method has not been established but is still in the test stage.

[0004] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-39248 discloses that
When cultivating Sasakurehi Toyotake, the waste floor after mushroom cultivation is used, but it is difficult for mycelia to grow as it is,
By adding carbonized fir hulls, the permeability of the cultivation bed is increased, and at the same time, the pH value is adjusted, trace components are added, the cultivation bed structure is improved, and the phosphate component and surface activity are added to promote the growth of hyphae. A cultivation method in which an agent and a carbonized fir shell are added in combination is described.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 6-71390 discloses that
Although the type is different from Sasacrehi toyake, in the artificial cultivation of P. thunbergii (Pholiota lubrica), after inoculating the seed fungus of P. mushroom on a solid culture medium containing sawdust and rice bran as main components, culture at 15 to 35 ° C for 30 to 60 days. hand,
A pre-culture step for obtaining a fruiting body generating group, and a medium culturing step for forming the fruiting body primordium from the fruiting body generating group by maintaining the fruiting body generating group at a humidity of 80% or more and a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C for 10 to 20 days. And the fruit body primordium is set to a humidity of 80% or more and a temperature of 10%.
A method for cultivating Chinese mushrooms comprising a post-culturing step of forming a matured fruit body from fruit body primordia at a temperature of -20 ° C and an illuminance of 50 lux or more and 500 lux or less for 5 to 15 days is described.

Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 6-71392 discloses that
Similarly, the type is different from Sasacreh Toyake, but in artificial cultivation of Mutake mushroom (Hohenbuehelia serotina), after inoculating a seed culture of Mutake mushroom on a solid culture medium mainly composed of sawdust and rice bran, cultivation is carried out at 15 to 30 ° C for 30 to 50 days. A pre-culture step of obtaining an entity-generating group;
As described above, the medium culturing step of forming fruit body primordium from fruiting body generating group by maintaining the temperature at 10 to 20 ° C. for 25 to 35 days;
15 ° C, illuminance 50 lux or more and 500 lux or less
A method for cultivating Mukitake mushrooms, comprising a post-culturing step of forming mature fruiting bodies from fruiting body primordia for up to 25 days.

[0007]

As can be seen from recent health and pesticide-free orientations, it is said that demand for mushrooms, which are positioned as health foods and foods cultivated without pesticides, will surely increase in the future. I have. An object of the present invention is to artificially cultivate Sasakurehi toyoke moss with a water retention body such as sawdust and various agricultural products, a medium prepared using food waste as a nutrient source, and to produce the fruit body of Sasa creechium moss stably, industrially and inexpensively. To provide.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, at least one of rice bran, okara, bran, corn bran, and beer lees was added to a water retaining body such as sawdust. Before heat-sterilizing a medium in which a nutrient source and water used in combination with the materials described above are combined, inoculating a seed bacterium of Sasakurehi toyoke, culturing at 15 to 35 ° C. for 10 to 40 days, and obtaining a bacterial bed in which the hypha was grown in the medium. A culturing step, and a water-retentive / breathable substance is placed on the upper part of the bed,
2 at ~ 20 ° C, humidity 80% or more, illuminance 50lux or more
After culturing for 0 to 60 days to obtain the fruit body of Sasacrech toyoke, the fruiting body of Sasacrech toyoke was found to be stably obtained in a short period of time regardless of the season, and the present invention was completed. .

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, as a water retaining body used for a culture medium, sawdust derived from conifers such as cedar, hinoki and pine, sawdust derived from broadleaf trees such as beech, oak and oak, and mushrooms in recent years In addition to corn cob used as a sawdust substitute in cultivation, there may be mentioned commercially available bacterial bed materials and the like, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. You may use it.

In the present invention, the nutrients for cultivation used in the medium include rice bran, okara, bran, corn bran, beer lees, etc., which are usually used for cultivation of mushrooms. It can be used as a mixture, but among these, it is preferable to use at least one of the specialty bran, dried okara, and corn bran, and particularly to use the specialty bran alone or a mixture of general bran and dry okara More preferred.

The mixing ratio of the water retaining body and the nutrient for cultivation is preferably in the range of 1-3: 1 to 3 in terms of fresh weight ratio, and particularly preferably 2:
3 is preferred. Moreover, the water content is 60 per final medium.
It may be adjusted to about 70%, but more preferably about 65%. Furthermore, soybean hulls, dried yeast, pH adjusters and the like, which are usually used in mushroom cultivation, can also be added as a medium component.

[0012] The cultivation of Sasacrehi toyake in the present invention comprises a pre-culture step and a post-culture step.
In the medium, grow the mycelium of Sasacrehi Toyotake fully,
This is a step of obtaining a bacterial bed for the formation of fruiting bodies, and the post-culturing step is a step of placing a water-retentive and air-permeable substance on the upper part of the bacterial bed after the completion of the pre-culturing step, and forming a fruit body of Sasakurehi toyoke.

In the pre-culture step, a medium containing a water retaining body, a nutrient for cultivation, and water is heat-sterilized, and then inoculated with an inoculum of Sasacrech toyake, at a temperature of 15 to 35 ° C, preferably 20 to 2 ° C.
8 ° C., more preferably around 24 ° C., humidity 40-80
%, Preferably around 70%, in a dark condition for 10 to 40 days to spread mycelia on the surface of the medium. And the number of days required for mycelia to spread on the medium surface is
It varies depending on the size of the culture vessel used.

As described above, the post-culture step is a step for placing a water-retentive and air-permeable substance on the upper part of the bacterial bed after the completion of the pre-culture step to form the fruit body of Sasacrech toyota.
That is, a water-retentive / breathable substance having both water-retentivity and gas-permeability, whose water content has been adjusted to 40 to 80%, preferably 60 to 70%, is placed on the upper portion of the bacterial bed obtained in the pre-culture step, and the temperature is 10 to 80%. 24 ° C, preferably 14-20 ° C, 80% humidity
As described above, if the culture is continued at 85 to 95%, preferably at an illuminance of 50 lux or more, preferably 50 to 500 lux for 20 to 60 days, the fruit body of Sasacrehi toyake is generated.
The water-retentive / breathable substance to be put on the upper part of the bacterial bed may be any substance as long as it has both water-retentivity and breathability, such as bark fertilizer, mulch, peat moss, sponge or crushed paper. Examples can be given.

[0015] Further, at the time of shifting from the pre-culture step to the post-culture step, a tooth scraping process of scraping a mycelial layer of about 0.5 to 3 cm from the upper part of the bacterial bed, or pouring water on the upper part of the bacterial bed for about 20 minutes to 4 hours It is also possible to perform a water injection treatment in which the water is left and the remaining water is discarded. As described above, in the present invention, by adopting the pre-culture step and the post-culture step, it is possible to obtain the very delicious fruiting body that is the same as naturally occurring Sasakurehi toyoke.

[0016]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the examples, Sasacrech Toyotake deposited as “IFO No. 30480” with the Fermentation Research Institute was used.

Example 1 An exclusive bran was used as a nutrient source for cultivation. To 3.0 g of this special bran and 4.0 g of agar, 200 ml of tap water was added.
The nutrients and agar were dispersed to form a uniform suspension.
After autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes, 25 ml was dispensed into a 90 mm diameter petri dish and solidified. Separately, Sasacrech Toyake was cultured on a potato dextrose agar medium, and the whole medium was punched out with a cork borer having a diameter of 6 to 9 mm, and placed on the center of the solidified medium as a mycelial pellet,
After culturing at 24 ° C., the hypha diameter and the dry hypha weight were measured 9 days later. As a result, the hypha diameter was 47.2 mm and the dry mycelial weight was 64.0 mg, and both the mycelial elongation rate and the mycelium mass showed very good values.

Example 2 Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 g of dried okara was used as a nutrient for cultivation.
The hypha weight was 2.8 mm and the dry mycelium weight was 54.6 mg.

Example 3 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of common bran and 1.5 g of dried okara was used as a nutrient for cultivation. The weight was 71.3 mg, showing very good values for both mycelium elongation rate and mycelium mass.

Example 4 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of common bran and 1.5 g of corn bran was used as a nutrient for cultivation. The weight was 68.4 mg, showing very good values for both mycelial growth rate and mycelial mass.

Example 5 The culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of finely ground rice bran and 1.5 g of dedicated bran was used as a nutrient source for cultivation. 4mm,
The weight of the dried mycelium was 66.2 mg, and both the mycelial elongation rate and the amount of mycelium showed very good values.

Example 6 The culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of finely ground rice bran and 1.5 g of dried okara was used as a nutrient for cultivation. 7mm,
The weight of the dried mycelium was 54.7 mg, and both the mycelial elongation rate and the mycelial mass showed favorable values.

Example 7 The culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 g of finely ground rice bran was used as a nutrient for cultivation. The hypha diameter was 37.2 mm, and the dry mycelia weight was 33.4 mm. Met.

Example 8 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 g of common bran was used as a nutrient for cultivation.
8.7 mm, dry mycelium weight was 41.3 mg.

Example 9 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1.5 g of finely ground rice bran and 1.5 g of corn bran were used as nutrients for cultivation. The hypha weight was 39.7 mg.

The above results are summarized in Table 1. Table 1
As is clear from the above, the use of at least one of dedicated bran bran, corn bran, and dried okara as a cultivation nutrient used for cultivation of Sasakurehi toyake significantly promotes the growth of Sasakurehi toyoke mycelium. I understand.

[0027]

[Table 1]

Furthermore, using the common bran and the dried okara, which are one of the nutrient sources for cultivation, which showed the best results among the above examples, fruit bodies of Sasakurehi toyake were actually formed. The method and results are shown below.

Example 10 260 g of cedar sawdust, 90 g of common bran, 90 g of dried okara, and 700 g of tap water were weighed and mixed.
A medium was prepared by packing 60 g of each glass bottom flat test tube with a diameter of 40 mm. The bottle was further capped with a polypropylene cap and sterilized under pressure at 121 ° C. for 50 minutes. After cooling the medium, the seeds of Sasacrech toyococcus were inoculated and incubated at a temperature of 23 to 25 ° C. and a humidity of 60 to 80% in a dark place.
Preculture was performed for one day. Next, the cap was removed, the bacteria were scraped about 2 cm from the upper part of the bacterial bed, tap water was injected and left for 20 minutes, and the remaining water was removed to shift to the post-culture step. In the post-culture step, 30 g of bark compost whose water content was adjusted to 62% was placed on the upper part of the bacterial bed, and the temperature was 15 to 17 ° C and the humidity was 80 to 95.
%, And illuminance of 200 lux, cultured for 44 days to form Sasakurehi toyoke fruit bodies. The resulting Sasakulehi Toyotake was as delicious as it was in its natural state. The obtained fruit body was 12.7 g, and the number of days required for cultivation was 74 days.

Example 11 220 g of cedar sawdust, 110 g of common bran, 110 g of dried okara, and 700 g of tap water were weighed and mixed, and 70 g of each was packed in a 40 mm diameter glass flat bottom test tube to prepare a medium. This medium was subjected to the same operation as in Example 10 to generate fruiting bodies. The obtained Sasakulehi Toyotake was very delicious as in Example 10.
The obtained fruit body was 15.1 g, and the number of days required for cultivation was 7
It was three days.

Example 12 180 g of cedar sawdust, 130 g of common bran, 130 g of dried okara, and 700 g of tap water were weighed and mixed, and 80 g of each was packed in a flat-bottomed glass test tube having a diameter of 40 mm to prepare a medium. This medium was subjected to the same operation as in Example 10 to generate fruiting bodies. The obtained Sasakulehi Toyotake was very delicious as in Example 10.
The obtained fruit body was 16.8 g, and the number of days required for cultivation was 7
Day 0.

Table 2 summarizes the above results. As is clear from Table 2, it was found that Sasacrech toyococcus can be stably cultivated at a high yield and in a short period of time using inexpensive materials.

[0033]

[Table 2]

[0034]

According to the cultivation method of the present invention, extremely delicious naturally occurring fruit bodies of Sasacreh toyoke can be stably produced at a high yield and in a short time using inexpensive materials regardless of the season. Can be provided.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A bacterium obtained by sterilizing a medium containing a water retaining body, a nutrient for cultivation, and water with heat, inoculating a seed of Sasakurehi toyoke, culturing at 15 to 35 ° C., and growing mycelia in the medium. A pre-culturing step of obtaining a bed, and placing a water-retentive and air-permeable substance on top of the bacterial bed, and culturing at a temperature of 10 to 24 ° C., a humidity of 80% or more, and an illuminance of 50 to 500 lux to obtain a fruit body of Sasacrech toyoke A cultivation method for Sasakurehi Toyotake, comprising: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of a specialty bran, corn bran, and dried okara is used as a nutrient for cultivation. 3. The method for cultivating Sasakurehi toyoke according to claim 2, wherein a mixture of general bran and dried okara is used as a nutrient for cultivation. 4. The method for cultivating Sasakurehi toyoke according to claim 2, wherein a dedicated bran is used as a nutrient source for cultivation. 5. The water-retaining / breathable substance comprises one or more of bark fertilizer, mulch, peat moss, sponge and ground paper. Cultivation method of Sasakurehi Toyotake.