CN108147848A - A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108147848A CN108147848A CN201611103598.2A CN201611103598A CN108147848A CN 108147848 A CN108147848 A CN 108147848A CN 201611103598 A CN201611103598 A CN 201611103598A CN 108147848 A CN108147848 A CN 108147848A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- organic fertilizer
- blattaria
- kitchen garbage
- preparation
- excrement
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.Bio-conversion processes are carried out to the kitchen garbage of pretreatment using blattaria, blattaria its excrement generated while kitchen garbage is handled can be used as organic fertilizer.Organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention has the advantages of drying, free from extraneous odour, small and easy storage, while N-P-K content is high, and trace element is abundant, and content of beary metal is low, is a kind of ideal organic fertilizer.This method is while a large amount of of high quality and at a reasonable price fertilizer is provided, Ecological Disposal kitchen garbage, the problem of not only solving social environment health caused by kitchen garbage and its caused influence human health, but also brings huge economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic fertilizer technical fields, relate to the use of blattaria and the kitchen garbage of pretreatment is carried out at bioconversion
Reason, blattaria its excrement generated while kitchen garbage is handled can be used as organic fertilizer.
Background technology
Good organic fertilizer is included there are many beneficial microbe, can constantly release nutrient needed for plant growth and
Various plants growth stimulant.In fertilizer in addition to containing nitrogen, phosphorus, three big element of potassium, calcic, magnesium, sulphur, silicon, manganese, zinc, boron etc. are gone back
Middle amount and trace element.Its content of organic matter is high, can increase soil aggregate structure, improves soil fertilizer, water conservation, heat preservation energy
Power reduces pest and disease damage, reduces the use of pesticide, chemical fertilizer, improves crop quality so that the crops of output seldom pollute even nothing
Pollution, becomes pollution-free food, and market price can be higher by several times than common agricultural, so as to increase substantially the additional of agricultural product
Value increases the income of peasant.In addition, high-quality organic fertilizer is in extensive range suitable for soil and the crops of application, to cereal crops with
There is good effect on water fruits and vegetables, flowers, lawn etc..It can be used as farmland, greenery patches, orchard, vegetable garden, nursery, animal farm, front yard
The plantation fertilizer of institute's greening, scenic spot greening, agricultural etc..
There is common farm manure in society:Night soil, feces of livestock and poultry etc., although raw material sources are wide, quantity is big;But there are water
The shortcomings of point content is high, peculiar smell weight, is not easy to transport, and nutrient is not complete, and content is low, and fertilizer efficiency is slow and long.
Kitchen garbage is commonly called as hogwash or swill, is the domestic refuse of formation during residents water consumption, these are discarded
Object easily rots, and distributes stench, spreads germs and viral, and many ingredients should not directly carry out compost in kitchen garbage
Fermentation carries out fertilizer preparation.The method of organic fertilizer will be transformed into after the processing of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation, there are floor spaces
Greatly, equipment investment is high, higher to kitchen garbage ingredient requirement, and operation cost is high, and added value of product is low, and fertilizer licence plate is rare etc. asks
Topic.
Blattaria is commonly called as cockroach, refers to Arthropoda Insecta Blattaria, is one of most ancient insect on the earth, is generation
Most one of adaptability insect assembly in boundary, vitality is very strong.Feeding habits are extensive, and kitchen garbage is crossed abdomen by blattaria and converted, production
Raw excrement as fertilizer avoid kitchen garbage and fermentation after directly as fertilizer problem.Earthworm, black soldier flies and yellow meal worm
During Deng processing kitchen garbage conversion fertilizer, frass and kitchen garbage can not be efficiently separated, also affect it as fertilizer
The effect of material.
With the fast development of China's agricultural, the demand that high-quality organic fertilizer is particularly to fertilizer is increasing, high-quality
Organic fertilizer wretched insufficiency, develop and utilize new-type fertilizer resource has far reaching significance to the national economic development.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof aiming at above-mentioned defect.The present invention will solve
Certainly the technical issues of be in order to overcome in existing fertilizer technology not environmentally, it is uneconomical the shortcomings of, using blattaria to pretreatment
Kitchen garbage carries out bio-conversion processes, and blattaria its excrement generated while kitchen garbage is handled can be used as organic fertilizer.
Organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention has the advantages of drying, free from extraneous odour, small and easy storage, while N-P-K content is high, micro-
It is low that secondary element enriches content of beary metal, is a kind of ideal natural organic fertilizer material.This method is providing a large amount of fertilizer of high quality and at a reasonable price
While, Ecological Disposal kitchen garbage not only solves social environment health caused by kitchen garbage and its caused
The problem of influencing human health, but also bring huge economic benefit.
A kind of organic fertilizer of the present invention and preparation method thereof technical solution is a kind of organic fertilizer, using blattaria to warp
The kitchen garbage progress biology for crossing pretreatment crosses abdomen conversion processing, and the excrement that blattaria generates is former as organic fertilizer or organic fertilizer
Material.
The blattaria is American cockroach, Australian cockroach, Periplanetabrunnea, Groton bug, Japan big Lian, oriental cockroach or black
The big Lian of chest.
A kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps successively:
(1)Collect kitchen garbage;
(2)Kitchen garbage pre-processes;
(3)Pretreated kitchen garbage feeds blattaria;
(4)Collect blattaria excrement.
Step(2)In, kitchen garbage pretreatment refers to the object that blattaria in kitchen garbage can not be handled and be influenced equipment crushing
Matter is rejected, and is mainly rejected substances, crushing, stirring, the water content of kitchen garbage such as metal, glass porcelain, plastics, stone and is not more than
90%, solid particle grain size is not more than 10 mesh.Water content preferably 50%~85%, solid content grain size are preferably below 20 mesh.
When kitchen garbage water content is not more than 90%, Direct-fed blattaria;Water content adjusts the side of water content when being more than 90%
Method is addition auxiliary material, and the auxiliary material is at least one of plant source auxiliary material, animal sources auxiliary material;Plant source auxiliary material for stalk,
At least one of blade of grass, sawdust, wheat bran, bean dregs;Animal sources auxiliary material is at least one of pluck, skin, bone, hair;It is auxiliary
Expect that additive amount is no more than 30%.
Kitchen garbage can not also reject blattaria can not handle and equipment can not comminuted material, if directly kitchen garbage is fed
Blattaria can damage disintegrating apparatus, in addition because many substances cannot be eaten by blattaria, need often to surplus in feeding room
Remaining rubbish is cleared up, and is added heavily to the difficulty of the work.The requirement of kitchen garbage water content and grain size is in order to facilitate equipment after pretreatment
Conveying and blattaria feeding, water content be more than 95%, blattaria drowns easily, and the transformable substance of blattaria is too low;Grain size is too
Greatly, blattaria crosses abdomen transformation time president, is unfavorable for efficient conversion kitchen garbage.
Step(3)In, according to individual layer receptacle area, every 100 square meter, the raising weight of blattaria is 0.25 ton~25 tons.
Underweight 0.01 gram after blattaria hatching, you can it is put into receptacle and feeds, and the weight of adult is up to more than 1 gram,
It is Life cycle that it, which handles conversion kitchen garbage, so can be put into the blattaria of different stages of growth in receptacle.According to not
Same blattaria type and growth stage, cultivation density can be adjusted, it is also contemplated that preferable kitchen garbage treating capacity,
Range more than selection.
The conversion processing amount of average daily kitchen garbage is no less than the 2% of receptacle blattaria weight.
20 DEG C~35 DEG C of temperature, humidity 65%~98% in receptacle.Preferred rearing conditions are 25 DEG C~32 DEG C of temperature, wet
Degree 70%~90%.
Step(4), collect blattaria excrement and used directly as fertilizer or as fertilizer material after drying.Blattaria excrement
Just one day yield is the 0.1%-1%, preferably 0.15-0.5% of receptacle blattaria weight.The water content of blattaria excrement is compared
Other livestock and poultry are low, no more than 40%.
Step(4), collect blattaria excrement after by compost treatment as organic fertilizer.
A kind of organic fertilizer of the present invention and preparation method thereof, has the following advantages:
1st, the present invention can be solved kitchen garbage processing problem, be conducive to simultaneously using the powerful digestion of blattaria and fertility
A large amount of fertilizer of high quality and at a reasonable price are provided for the country.
2nd, kitchen garbage does not consume other energy, in the process without waste water,waste gas and industrial residue etc. by the bioconversion of blattaria
The three wastes of secondary pollution generate, and conversion cost is low, and income is high.
3rd, present invention feeding blattaria is at low cost, and kitchen garbage processing transformation efficiency is high, and facility investment is low, is more conducive to meal
The innoxious of kitchen rubbish, scale, recycling treatment, and can realize industrialization production fertilizer, high financial profit, social benefit are shown
It writes.
4. blattaria excrement carbon-nitrogen ratio is low, N-P-K content is high, and content of beary metal is low, graininess, loose drying, and compost is easy
It is decomposed, it is decomposed fast etc., it is easy to use.
Specific embodiment:
For a better understanding of the present invention, below with specific example come the technical solution that the present invention will be described in detail, but it is of the invention
It is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Kitchen garbage is collected, kitchen garbage is sorted, rejects the substances such as metal product therein, glass ceramics, plastics, into
Row crushing, stirring, bigness scale water content are 65%~80%, and solid content grain size is less than 10 mesh, it is transported to America by conveyance conduit
The feeding passage of big Lian receptacles, the raising area of every 100 square meter raise 25 tons of American cockroach, the daily pre- place of 1 ton of average treatment
Kitchen garbage after reason, raising room temperature control is below 25-32 degrees Celsius, humidity 65%-95%, periodic cleaning blattaria frame for cultivating
Collecting pit sieves insect ootheca and excrement, averagely collects 130 kilograms of excrement daily.Carbon is adjusted after excrement is mixed with stalk
Nitrogen ratio is to 28:1, compost temperature 50-55 degree obtains organic fertilizer in 4 days.
Embodiment 2
Kitchen garbage is collected, kitchen garbage is sorted, rejects the substances such as metal product therein, glass ceramics, plastics, into
Row crushing, stirring, bigness scale water content be 60%~75%, solid content grain size be less than 10 mesh, by its by conveyer belt be transported to Germany it is small
The feeding passage of Lian receptacles, the raising area of every 100 square meter raise 12.5 tons of Groton bug, the daily pre- place of 1 ton of average treatment
Kitchen garbage after reason, at 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, humid control averagely collects excrement 70%~90% daily for raising room temperature control
80 kilograms.Fertilizer material is saved as after drying.
Embodiment 3
Kitchen garbage is collected, kitchen garbage is sorted, blattaria in kitchen garbage can not be handled and influenced equipment crushing
The substance such as rejectings such as metal product, glass crush stirring, and bigness scale water content is more than 90%, adds in sawdust wheat bran or blade of grass
Deng for adjustment water content to 80%~85%, solid content grain size is less than 10 mesh, is pipelined to oriental cockroach receptacle
Feeding passage, the raising area of every 100 square meter raise 10 tons of oriental cockroach, the daily pretreated kitchen rubbish of 1 ton of average treatment
Rubbish, at 20 DEG C~29 DEG C, humid control collects in receptacle collecting pit below frame for cultivating 60%~85% for raising room temperature control
In excrement, which with stalk mix, adjusts moisture to 50%-60%, adjustment carbon nitrogen by average about 100kg excrement daily
Than to 32:1.55 degree of -60 degree of compost temperature obtains fertilizer in 3 days.
Embodiment 4
Kitchen garbage is collected, kitchen garbage is sorted, blattaria in kitchen garbage can not be handled and influenced equipment crushing
The substance such as rejectings such as metal product, glass, crush stirring, bigness scale water content be less than 50%, add in kitchen waste sewage or
Tap water, for adjustment water content to 60%~65%, solid content grain size is less than 10 mesh, and it is big that by auger conveyor it is transported to foxiness
The feeding passage of Lian receptacles, the raising area of every 100 square meter, 0.25 ton of raising Periplanetabrunnea small worm, daily average treatment 5%
The pretreated kitchen garbage of weight, raising room temperature control is at 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, and humid control is 70%~90%, raising 4
Before a month, the excrement of blattaria raising weight 0.4% is collected daily, it is 20 tons that receptacle blattaria weight, which is estimated, after 4 months, often
It collects the excrement of blattaria raising weight 0.6%, can be directly as fertilizer.To the blattaria excrement obtained in above-described embodiment
Just it is detected, specific data are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Claims (10)
1. a kind of organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that bio-conversion processes are carried out to the kitchen garbage by pretreatment using blattaria,
The excrement of blattaria generation of kitchen garbage is fed as organic fertilizer or organic fertilizer raw material.
2. a kind of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the blattaria is Groton bug, east roach
Lian, American cockroach, Australian cockroach, Periplanetabrunnea, the big Lian of Japan or Peroplaneta fluligginosa.
3. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that include the following steps successively:
(1)Collect kitchen garbage;
(2)Kitchen garbage pre-processes;
(3)Pretreated kitchen garbage feeds blattaria;
(4)Collect blattaria excrement.
A kind of 4. preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(2)In, kitchen garbage
Pretreatment, refer to by blattaria in kitchen garbage can not handle and influence equipment crushing substance reject, crushing, stirring, kitchen garbage
Water content is not more than 90%, and solid particle grain size is not more than 10 mesh.
5. the preparation method of a kind of organic fertilizer according to claim 4, which is characterized in that kitchen garbage water content is little
When 90%, Direct-fed blattaria;The method of adjustment water content is addition auxiliary material when water content is more than 90%, and the auxiliary material is plants
At least one of material resource auxiliary material, animal sources auxiliary material.
6. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 5, which is characterized in that plant source auxiliary material for stalk,
At least one of blade of grass, sawdust, wheat bran, bean dregs;Animal sources auxiliary material is at least one of pluck, skin, bone, hair;It is auxiliary
Expect that additive amount is no more than 30%.
A kind of 7. preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(3)In, according to individual layer
Receptacle area, every 100 square meter, the raising weight of blattaria is 0.25 ton~25 tons.
8. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that 25 DEG C of temperature in receptacle~
32 DEG C, humidity 70%~90%.
A kind of 9. preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(4), collect blattaria excrement
Just it is used directly as fertilizer or as fertilizer material after drying.
A kind of 10. preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(4), collect blattaria
By compost treatment as organic fertilizer after excrement.
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CN108142646A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-12 | 山东巧宾农业科技有限公司 | Innoxious, the recycling processing method of a kind of dead animal |
CN109912320A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-06-21 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A method of organic fertilizer is prepared using blattaria consumption kitchen garbage biogas project biogas residue |
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CN109912320A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-06-21 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A method of organic fertilizer is prepared using blattaria consumption kitchen garbage biogas project biogas residue |
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