CN108147848A - A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108147848A
CN108147848A CN201611103598.2A CN201611103598A CN108147848A CN 108147848 A CN108147848 A CN 108147848A CN 201611103598 A CN201611103598 A CN 201611103598A CN 108147848 A CN108147848 A CN 108147848A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
organic fertilizer
blattaria
kitchen garbage
preparation
excrement
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201611103598.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
姜丽娟
左立
张立伟
李鸿怡
张仝
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Shandong Ingenious Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Shandong Ingenious Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority to CN201611103598.2A priority Critical patent/CN108147848A/en
Publication of CN108147848A publication Critical patent/CN108147848A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.Bio-conversion processes are carried out to the kitchen garbage of pretreatment using blattaria, blattaria its excrement generated while kitchen garbage is handled can be used as organic fertilizer.Organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention has the advantages of drying, free from extraneous odour, small and easy storage, while N-P-K content is high, and trace element is abundant, and content of beary metal is low, is a kind of ideal organic fertilizer.This method is while a large amount of of high quality and at a reasonable price fertilizer is provided, Ecological Disposal kitchen garbage, the problem of not only solving social environment health caused by kitchen garbage and its caused influence human health, but also brings huge economic benefit.

Description

A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic fertilizer technical fields, relate to the use of blattaria and the kitchen garbage of pretreatment is carried out at bioconversion Reason, blattaria its excrement generated while kitchen garbage is handled can be used as organic fertilizer.
Background technology
Good organic fertilizer is included there are many beneficial microbe, can constantly release nutrient needed for plant growth and Various plants growth stimulant.In fertilizer in addition to containing nitrogen, phosphorus, three big element of potassium, calcic, magnesium, sulphur, silicon, manganese, zinc, boron etc. are gone back Middle amount and trace element.Its content of organic matter is high, can increase soil aggregate structure, improves soil fertilizer, water conservation, heat preservation energy Power reduces pest and disease damage, reduces the use of pesticide, chemical fertilizer, improves crop quality so that the crops of output seldom pollute even nothing Pollution, becomes pollution-free food, and market price can be higher by several times than common agricultural, so as to increase substantially the additional of agricultural product Value increases the income of peasant.In addition, high-quality organic fertilizer is in extensive range suitable for soil and the crops of application, to cereal crops with There is good effect on water fruits and vegetables, flowers, lawn etc..It can be used as farmland, greenery patches, orchard, vegetable garden, nursery, animal farm, front yard The plantation fertilizer of institute's greening, scenic spot greening, agricultural etc..
There is common farm manure in society:Night soil, feces of livestock and poultry etc., although raw material sources are wide, quantity is big;But there are water The shortcomings of point content is high, peculiar smell weight, is not easy to transport, and nutrient is not complete, and content is low, and fertilizer efficiency is slow and long.
Kitchen garbage is commonly called as hogwash or swill, is the domestic refuse of formation during residents water consumption, these are discarded Object easily rots, and distributes stench, spreads germs and viral, and many ingredients should not directly carry out compost in kitchen garbage Fermentation carries out fertilizer preparation.The method of organic fertilizer will be transformed into after the processing of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation, there are floor spaces Greatly, equipment investment is high, higher to kitchen garbage ingredient requirement, and operation cost is high, and added value of product is low, and fertilizer licence plate is rare etc. asks Topic.
Blattaria is commonly called as cockroach, refers to Arthropoda Insecta Blattaria, is one of most ancient insect on the earth, is generation Most one of adaptability insect assembly in boundary, vitality is very strong.Feeding habits are extensive, and kitchen garbage is crossed abdomen by blattaria and converted, production Raw excrement as fertilizer avoid kitchen garbage and fermentation after directly as fertilizer problem.Earthworm, black soldier flies and yellow meal worm During Deng processing kitchen garbage conversion fertilizer, frass and kitchen garbage can not be efficiently separated, also affect it as fertilizer The effect of material.
With the fast development of China's agricultural, the demand that high-quality organic fertilizer is particularly to fertilizer is increasing, high-quality Organic fertilizer wretched insufficiency, develop and utilize new-type fertilizer resource has far reaching significance to the national economic development.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof aiming at above-mentioned defect.The present invention will solve Certainly the technical issues of be in order to overcome in existing fertilizer technology not environmentally, it is uneconomical the shortcomings of, using blattaria to pretreatment Kitchen garbage carries out bio-conversion processes, and blattaria its excrement generated while kitchen garbage is handled can be used as organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention has the advantages of drying, free from extraneous odour, small and easy storage, while N-P-K content is high, micro- It is low that secondary element enriches content of beary metal, is a kind of ideal natural organic fertilizer material.This method is providing a large amount of fertilizer of high quality and at a reasonable price While, Ecological Disposal kitchen garbage not only solves social environment health caused by kitchen garbage and its caused The problem of influencing human health, but also bring huge economic benefit.
A kind of organic fertilizer of the present invention and preparation method thereof technical solution is a kind of organic fertilizer, using blattaria to warp The kitchen garbage progress biology for crossing pretreatment crosses abdomen conversion processing, and the excrement that blattaria generates is former as organic fertilizer or organic fertilizer Material.
The blattaria is American cockroach, Australian cockroach, Periplanetabrunnea, Groton bug, Japan big Lian, oriental cockroach or black The big Lian of chest.
A kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps successively:
(1)Collect kitchen garbage;
(2)Kitchen garbage pre-processes;
(3)Pretreated kitchen garbage feeds blattaria;
(4)Collect blattaria excrement.
Step(2)In, kitchen garbage pretreatment refers to the object that blattaria in kitchen garbage can not be handled and be influenced equipment crushing Matter is rejected, and is mainly rejected substances, crushing, stirring, the water content of kitchen garbage such as metal, glass porcelain, plastics, stone and is not more than 90%, solid particle grain size is not more than 10 mesh.Water content preferably 50%~85%, solid content grain size are preferably below 20 mesh.
When kitchen garbage water content is not more than 90%, Direct-fed blattaria;Water content adjusts the side of water content when being more than 90% Method is addition auxiliary material, and the auxiliary material is at least one of plant source auxiliary material, animal sources auxiliary material;Plant source auxiliary material for stalk, At least one of blade of grass, sawdust, wheat bran, bean dregs;Animal sources auxiliary material is at least one of pluck, skin, bone, hair;It is auxiliary Expect that additive amount is no more than 30%.
Kitchen garbage can not also reject blattaria can not handle and equipment can not comminuted material, if directly kitchen garbage is fed Blattaria can damage disintegrating apparatus, in addition because many substances cannot be eaten by blattaria, need often to surplus in feeding room Remaining rubbish is cleared up, and is added heavily to the difficulty of the work.The requirement of kitchen garbage water content and grain size is in order to facilitate equipment after pretreatment Conveying and blattaria feeding, water content be more than 95%, blattaria drowns easily, and the transformable substance of blattaria is too low;Grain size is too Greatly, blattaria crosses abdomen transformation time president, is unfavorable for efficient conversion kitchen garbage.
Step(3)In, according to individual layer receptacle area, every 100 square meter, the raising weight of blattaria is 0.25 ton~25 tons.
Underweight 0.01 gram after blattaria hatching, you can it is put into receptacle and feeds, and the weight of adult is up to more than 1 gram, It is Life cycle that it, which handles conversion kitchen garbage, so can be put into the blattaria of different stages of growth in receptacle.According to not Same blattaria type and growth stage, cultivation density can be adjusted, it is also contemplated that preferable kitchen garbage treating capacity, Range more than selection.
The conversion processing amount of average daily kitchen garbage is no less than the 2% of receptacle blattaria weight.
20 DEG C~35 DEG C of temperature, humidity 65%~98% in receptacle.Preferred rearing conditions are 25 DEG C~32 DEG C of temperature, wet Degree 70%~90%.
Step(4), collect blattaria excrement and used directly as fertilizer or as fertilizer material after drying.Blattaria excrement Just one day yield is the 0.1%-1%, preferably 0.15-0.5% of receptacle blattaria weight.The water content of blattaria excrement is compared Other livestock and poultry are low, no more than 40%.
Step(4), collect blattaria excrement after by compost treatment as organic fertilizer.
A kind of organic fertilizer of the present invention and preparation method thereof, has the following advantages:
1st, the present invention can be solved kitchen garbage processing problem, be conducive to simultaneously using the powerful digestion of blattaria and fertility A large amount of fertilizer of high quality and at a reasonable price are provided for the country.
2nd, kitchen garbage does not consume other energy, in the process without waste water,waste gas and industrial residue etc. by the bioconversion of blattaria The three wastes of secondary pollution generate, and conversion cost is low, and income is high.
3rd, present invention feeding blattaria is at low cost, and kitchen garbage processing transformation efficiency is high, and facility investment is low, is more conducive to meal The innoxious of kitchen rubbish, scale, recycling treatment, and can realize industrialization production fertilizer, high financial profit, social benefit are shown It writes.
4. blattaria excrement carbon-nitrogen ratio is low, N-P-K content is high, and content of beary metal is low, graininess, loose drying, and compost is easy It is decomposed, it is decomposed fast etc., it is easy to use.
Specific embodiment:
For a better understanding of the present invention, below with specific example come the technical solution that the present invention will be described in detail, but it is of the invention It is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Kitchen garbage is collected, kitchen garbage is sorted, rejects the substances such as metal product therein, glass ceramics, plastics, into Row crushing, stirring, bigness scale water content are 65%~80%, and solid content grain size is less than 10 mesh, it is transported to America by conveyance conduit The feeding passage of big Lian receptacles, the raising area of every 100 square meter raise 25 tons of American cockroach, the daily pre- place of 1 ton of average treatment Kitchen garbage after reason, raising room temperature control is below 25-32 degrees Celsius, humidity 65%-95%, periodic cleaning blattaria frame for cultivating Collecting pit sieves insect ootheca and excrement, averagely collects 130 kilograms of excrement daily.Carbon is adjusted after excrement is mixed with stalk Nitrogen ratio is to 28:1, compost temperature 50-55 degree obtains organic fertilizer in 4 days.
Embodiment 2
Kitchen garbage is collected, kitchen garbage is sorted, rejects the substances such as metal product therein, glass ceramics, plastics, into Row crushing, stirring, bigness scale water content be 60%~75%, solid content grain size be less than 10 mesh, by its by conveyer belt be transported to Germany it is small The feeding passage of Lian receptacles, the raising area of every 100 square meter raise 12.5 tons of Groton bug, the daily pre- place of 1 ton of average treatment Kitchen garbage after reason, at 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, humid control averagely collects excrement 70%~90% daily for raising room temperature control 80 kilograms.Fertilizer material is saved as after drying.
Embodiment 3
Kitchen garbage is collected, kitchen garbage is sorted, blattaria in kitchen garbage can not be handled and influenced equipment crushing The substance such as rejectings such as metal product, glass crush stirring, and bigness scale water content is more than 90%, adds in sawdust wheat bran or blade of grass Deng for adjustment water content to 80%~85%, solid content grain size is less than 10 mesh, is pipelined to oriental cockroach receptacle Feeding passage, the raising area of every 100 square meter raise 10 tons of oriental cockroach, the daily pretreated kitchen rubbish of 1 ton of average treatment Rubbish, at 20 DEG C~29 DEG C, humid control collects in receptacle collecting pit below frame for cultivating 60%~85% for raising room temperature control In excrement, which with stalk mix, adjusts moisture to 50%-60%, adjustment carbon nitrogen by average about 100kg excrement daily Than to 32:1.55 degree of -60 degree of compost temperature obtains fertilizer in 3 days.
Embodiment 4
Kitchen garbage is collected, kitchen garbage is sorted, blattaria in kitchen garbage can not be handled and influenced equipment crushing The substance such as rejectings such as metal product, glass, crush stirring, bigness scale water content be less than 50%, add in kitchen waste sewage or Tap water, for adjustment water content to 60%~65%, solid content grain size is less than 10 mesh, and it is big that by auger conveyor it is transported to foxiness The feeding passage of Lian receptacles, the raising area of every 100 square meter, 0.25 ton of raising Periplanetabrunnea small worm, daily average treatment 5% The pretreated kitchen garbage of weight, raising room temperature control is at 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, and humid control is 70%~90%, raising 4 Before a month, the excrement of blattaria raising weight 0.4% is collected daily, it is 20 tons that receptacle blattaria weight, which is estimated, after 4 months, often It collects the excrement of blattaria raising weight 0.6%, can be directly as fertilizer.To the blattaria excrement obtained in above-described embodiment Just it is detected, specific data are as shown in table 1.
Table 1

Claims (10)

1. a kind of organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that bio-conversion processes are carried out to the kitchen garbage by pretreatment using blattaria, The excrement of blattaria generation of kitchen garbage is fed as organic fertilizer or organic fertilizer raw material.
2. a kind of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the blattaria is Groton bug, east roach Lian, American cockroach, Australian cockroach, Periplanetabrunnea, the big Lian of Japan or Peroplaneta fluligginosa.
3. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that include the following steps successively:
(1)Collect kitchen garbage;
(2)Kitchen garbage pre-processes;
(3)Pretreated kitchen garbage feeds blattaria;
(4)Collect blattaria excrement.
A kind of 4. preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(2)In, kitchen garbage Pretreatment, refer to by blattaria in kitchen garbage can not handle and influence equipment crushing substance reject, crushing, stirring, kitchen garbage Water content is not more than 90%, and solid particle grain size is not more than 10 mesh.
5. the preparation method of a kind of organic fertilizer according to claim 4, which is characterized in that kitchen garbage water content is little When 90%, Direct-fed blattaria;The method of adjustment water content is addition auxiliary material when water content is more than 90%, and the auxiliary material is plants At least one of material resource auxiliary material, animal sources auxiliary material.
6. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 5, which is characterized in that plant source auxiliary material for stalk, At least one of blade of grass, sawdust, wheat bran, bean dregs;Animal sources auxiliary material is at least one of pluck, skin, bone, hair;It is auxiliary Expect that additive amount is no more than 30%.
A kind of 7. preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(3)In, according to individual layer Receptacle area, every 100 square meter, the raising weight of blattaria is 0.25 ton~25 tons.
8. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that 25 DEG C of temperature in receptacle~ 32 DEG C, humidity 70%~90%.
A kind of 9. preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(4), collect blattaria excrement Just it is used directly as fertilizer or as fertilizer material after drying.
A kind of 10. preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(4), collect blattaria By compost treatment as organic fertilizer after excrement.
CN201611103598.2A 2016-12-05 2016-12-05 A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Pending CN108147848A (en)

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