JP2676148B2 - Soil reforming fertilizer and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fertilizer capable of modifying soil having continuous cropping damage to remove or reduce the damage or prevent the occurrence of damage, and to control the diseases of crops. .

[Conventional technology]

Conventional fertilizers have been mainly added to soil in the form of chemical fertilizers in order to make up for the shortage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. This method is effective in the short term, but if it is continued for several decades, the components of chemical fertilizer accumulate in the soil, causing serious crop failure, and weakening the resistance of crops to cause pests and diseases. It is known to make it easier to occur. Insecticides and fungicides cannot fundamentally solve this problem.

Therefore, some organic fertilizers such as compost are also used, but the production thereof requires considerable labor and the effect is not always sufficient.

Sawdust is conventionally used as a medium when cultivating mushrooms, and it is also possible to use by-product medium residue as a fertilizer, but since it contains cyanide compounds and tar components derived from sawdust, cellulose in the medium residue is included. The microbial degradation of lignin and lignin is prevented. As a result, it has to be exposed to wind and rain for a long time to be used as a fertilizer, which is not economically feasible. Therefore, in the regions where mushrooms are cultivated, medium wastes are incinerated or discarded to cause pollution. Further, when the medium waste is used as it is as an organic fertilizer, the farmland is remarkably acidified to cause soil damage.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, that is, the problems of continuous cropping due to long-term use of chemical fertilizers and the treatment of medium residue produced as a byproduct of mushroom cultivation.

[Means for solving the problem]

As a result of many years of research, the present inventor has found that a medium containing rice husk, corn and cob is suitable as a medium for mushroom cultivation, and that fermenting the medium dregs can convert it into a fertilizer having an excellent soil-modifying effect, and It has been discovered that the medium waste can be used as feed, and the excreted feces can be used as a fertilizer having the same action as above.

Based on these findings, the present inventor has conducted further research to establish the present invention.

The present invention is a soil-improving fertilizer obtained by culturing mushroom fungus in a medium mainly composed of lignin-rich herbaceous material, and fermenting the resulting medium digested product by the mushroom fungus, and a lignin-rich herbaceous material. The method for producing a soil-modified fertilizer is characterized in that mushroom fungus is cultivated in the medium, the mushroom is collected if necessary, and the resulting digestive medium is fermented.

Examples of lignin-rich herbaceous materials include stems, leaves, and bamboo grasses of plants belonging to the family Gramineae, and examples of easily available materials include rice husks, bakuhi (corn bark), corn cobs, and sugarcane Wastes produced as a by-product when processing agricultural plants such as bagasse are preferred. In addition, buckwheat grass, mamegara, etc. are also used.

If grass material is crushed and mixed with, for example, okara, rice bran, etc., it becomes a good medium for mushroom cultivation, and if this medium is inoculated and cultivated, the grass material is digested by the enzyme of mushroom fungus and digested Becomes Usually, the culture is carried out under conditions suitable for the development of fruiting bodies, the fruiting bodies are harvested, and the digested material of the grassy body is obtained in the form of the remaining medium debris.

As the mushroom fungus, for example, any mushroom fungus that can be cultivated in a medium such as enoki mushroom, oyster mushroom, beech mushroom, maitake mushroom, nameko mushroom, and shiitake mushroom can be used.

Cultivation of these bacteria is carried out artificially in different colors, and known culture conditions can be followed in the present invention.

Fertilizer can be obtained by fermenting the digested product or digestion medium of the grassy body thus obtained.

Fermentation referred to in the present invention means that organic matter is degradatively converted by the action of microorganisms, and the fermentation can be carried out by leaving the above digested material or digestion medium, contaminated with various bacteria, and corroding it. It is promoted by mixing the dung of domestic animals such as livestock and poultry.

Further, since the digested product or the digestive medium is effective as a feed, it is possible to feed the feed containing the digested product to a fed animal and to ferment it with intestinal bacteria of the animal, and use the dung as the feed.

The fertilizer thus obtained is an excellent organic fertilizer,
It can improve the soil of continuous cropping failure and has the effect of increasing the resistance of crops to pests and diseases.

Example 1 Corncob 60 g, fir shell 70 g, okara 200 g, fumus 50 g
Each material was mixed at the ratio of, and oyster mushrooms were bottle-cultured by a conventional method using a medium whose water content was adjusted to 63%. After cultivation, the grown oyster mushrooms were harvested, 1,000 kg of the remaining digestive medium was mixed with 300 kg of dried chicken dung, and cut back twice at a rate of once on the 10th day. At the time of the second turning, 50 kg of deep soil from the mountain was mixed. After a further 20 days, pressure was applied to the entire mixture, a vinyl chloride sheet was placed on the upper surface and pressed, the air was removed as much as possible, the mixture was left standing for 60 days and fermented to obtain a product.

Example 2 Corncob 60 g, fir shell 70 g, okara 200 g, fumus 50 g
The respective ingredients were mixed in the ratio of, and cultivated beech mushrooms were cultivated in a medium whose water content was adjusted to 60%, and the beech mushrooms were harvested to obtain a digestive medium as a by-product.

Two-year-old sheep (suffolk) were given 3 kg of the above-mentioned digestion medium (water content: 50%) per day in addition to hay and silage to obtain sheep dung. 1,000 kg of sheep and 500 kg of pork,
And 200 kg of waste hoda wood flour cultivated with shiitake mushrooms were mixed, cut back three times every 25 days, and fermented and aged for 3 months to obtain a product.

Experimental Example 1 (Fertilizer test) Test site: Hataji test plot in which nozawana is continuously cultivated: 300 tsubo is roughly divided into A, B and C ward, and each ward is further divided into 3 wards -1,2,3, B-1,2,3, C-1,2,3.

Application material: A ward Product of Example 1 B ward Commercially available soil conditioner (trade name Aures, Matsumoto Microorganism Sales Co., Ltd.) C ward Chicken dung Cultivar: Nozawana Cultivation method, period: Seed from August to September From 40 days, the method of measuring the disease incidence rate was calculated from the number of diseased strains per 100 strains, with Nozawana having the root-knot disease and having a root bump. The results are shown in the table below.

Area Application rate Incidence rate Area A A-1 500kg 50% A-2 1,000kg 20% A-3 1,500kg 5% Area B B-1 200kg 30% B-2 1,000kg 20% B-3 2,000kg 5% C section C-1 500 kg 60% C-2 1,000 kg 50% C-3 1,500 kg 60% From the above table, the effect of the fertilizer of the present invention on chain damage is clear.

Example 3 80 g of corncob, 30 g of bark, 20 g of cottonseed dregs, and 13 g of okara were mixed together to adjust the water content to 63%, and oyster mushrooms were cultivated in a conventional manner using 800 ml bottles.

After harvesting oyster mushrooms, 20 kg of leftover fermented raw garbage is mixed with 1.000 kg of the remaining waste medium, and aerobically fermented by stirring for 4 days using a stirrer, then composting for 60 days. Then, 20 kg of this was filled in a plastic bag and sealed, and anaerobic fermentation was carried out for 30 days.

Example 4 Okara 8 dried on 1.000 kg of waste medium obtained in Example 3
Mix 0 g under stirring, adjust the water content to 55%, heat and transfer to a greenhouse when the product temperature reaches 50 ° C or higher, pile up in the shape of a mountain range and cut back at a rate of once every 3 days. To
Fermentation was carried out 20 times, 20 kg each was filled in small amounts in plastic bags, sealed and stored. It was observed that during storage, anaerobic fermentation proceeded and the particles in the packing collapsed into powder.

Reference Example 1 Mushroom cultivation by conventional method (120 g of sawdust (water content 10%),
Fermentation is carried out in the same manner as in Example 4 except that 100 g of rice bran and 7 g of dried okara are mixed, the water content is adjusted to 64%, and mushrooms are cultivated as a medium in an 800 ml polyethylene bottle). Although it was made to be a fermented product because the water was evaporated and the shavings were simply dried, the product was not made into a fermented product. Therefore, water was further added for 6 months, and the product was cut back 6 times to obtain a product.

Example 2 (Feed test) Test site: Plateau, potato (barones potato) cultivation field (no disease) Test section: 300 tsubo was divided into A, B and C sections.

Application material: A ward Product of Example 3 B ward Product of Example 4 C product of Reference Example 1 Cultivation period: From early May to late October Cultivars: Baroness potatoes Then, this test was conducted in order to confirm the fattening effect without using the chemical fertilizer. The results are as follows.

 Amount applied Yield Quality Group A 1000kg 1520kg Excellent Group B 1000kg 1650kg 〃 Group C 1000kg 650kg Poor (Remarks) Group A …… The stems were slightly oversized.

Ward B ... The best Ward C ... No fertilizer effect. (In Reference Example 1, the product obtained by extending the fermentation period by 6 months was used, but there was no fertilizer effect.) Example 5 Corncob 80 g, fir shell 30 g, Takahashi flour 30 g, okara 10 g,
50 g of rice bran, 5 g of eggshell powder, and 5 g of charcoal powder were mixed together to adjust the water content to 65% to prepare a medium, and 800 cc bottles (made of polyethylene) were used to cultivate enoki mushrooms according to the custom.

After harvesting the grown Enoki mushrooms, mix 500 kg of pig dung and 100 kg of home-made fermented fertilizer (Note) to the remaining 1000 kg of digestion medium, adjust the water content to 58%, transfer to a greenhouse, and stack in the shape of a mountain range. , The product temperature is 55 ~ 70 ℃ due to the heat generated by fermentation
At that time, the fertilizer was obtained by aerobically fermenting for 30 days while switching back once every 3 days, then filling each 20 kg in a plastic bag, sealing the bag, and anaerobically fermenting for 30 days.

(Note) The digestion medium obtained in Example 1 was mixed with pig feces, the water content was adjusted with dry okara, and cut back was performed every 3 to 5 days, and cut back was performed 10 times in total, and fermentation was performed.

Reference Example 2 According to a conventional method, 110 g of cedar sawdust, 50 g of rice bran, 7 g of dried okara, 30 g of Takahashi flour, 5 g of eggshell powder, and 5 g of charcoal powder were mixed together to adjust the water content to 63% to prepare a medium, Enoki mushrooms were cultivated by a conventional method using 800 cc polyethylene bottles, and fertilizer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5.

Test Example 3 (Fertilizer test) Test section: A 200 m ² sward was equally divided into sections A and B.

Application material: A ward Product of Example 5 Product of B ward Reference example 2 Cultivation period: 45 to 60 days Cultivars: Summer radish seeds (Takii seeds and seeds) Seeds for 600 radishes in each ward A (2 in 1 place) ~ 3 grains x 600
And place 200 g of the product of Example 5 in the ward A as feed.
200 g of the product of Reference Example 2 was applied to the g and B wards for cultivation.
The results are shown in the following table.

As can be seen from the above table, the above-mentioned herbaceous material was used instead of the above-mentioned herbaceous material as compared with the A-distriction using the product of Example 5 in which the digestive medium was fermented with corncob, which is rich in lignin, and rice husk. In the B ward in which the product of Reference Example 2 obtained using sawdust was used as a fertilizer, the cultivation period was longer than that in the A ward by 2 weeks,
The quality was poor and only half of the 600 plantings could be harvested.

Example 6 70 g of corn cob, 40 g of chaff, 50 g of exclusive bran, dehydrated okara (water content 73%) 90 per 800 cc polyethylene bottle
g, a mixture of 5 g of shell powder, adjusted to a water content of 64% and filled,
Using this as a medium, beech mushrooms were cultivated according to the custom. The digestion medium remaining after cultivation was cut three times and then left for 6 months to prepare a fertilizer product.

Reference Example 3 In a 800 cc polyethylene bottle, a mixture of 110 g of sawdust, 50 g of rice bran, 20 g of bran, 50 g of dehydrated okara (water content 73%), and 5 g of shell powder was adjusted to a water content of 63% and filled. Beech mushrooms were grown according to custom. The digested medium remaining after cultivation was cut back 6 times and then left for 6 months as a fertilizer.

Test Example 4 (Test for apple purple crotch disease) Tree species: apple (Tsugaru species) Test site: Orchard where apples are expected to be wiped out several years after the plant is planted with test target tree: 1200 tsubo Of the 61 apple trees that have been reported, 15 were found to be damaged by crest feather disease, so we targeted this damaged tree, depending on the extent of the damage, 6 severe, 7 moderate,
It was divided into 2 mild cases and classified as follows.

Applied materials and application amount: Group A: Product of Example 6 (fermented material of grass material waste medium) 1500 kg / counter (about 10 are) Group B: Product of Example 3 (fermented product of sawdust waste medium) 1500 kg / Anti (approx. 10 are) C ward ... Benlate ^* 1000 times liquid 4500L / 10 are sprayed in soil * Soil disinfectant recommended by agricultural instructors to be used as an emergency measure against apple crotch disease.

Test method: 25 bags per bag on damaged trees (20 years old) from April to May
Each of the products of Example 6 and Reference Example 3 containing kg is 3 to 3
Fertilized 5 bags each. Chemical fertilizer (BB fruit tree No. 2, N: 14%, P:
6%, K: 8%, manufactured by Nagano Keizai Co., Ltd.), the dose was reduced to half of the previous dose, and 60 kg / count was applied. The results are shown in the following table.

As is clear from the above table, in the A ward, the crotch feather disease is suppressed and the tree vigor is recovering, whereas in the B ward, the leaves of the moderate and mild trees also turn yellow during the test period. The fruit yield was also zero. This is considered to be a harmful effect of the sawdust-derived component contained in the fertilizer used in the B section. In addition, although there were some signs of recovery in the C ward, the tree vigor was weak and the yield decreased.

〔The invention's effect〕

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the fertilizer which combines the effect of the soil improvement agent which overcomes a continuous cropping disorder, and the effect of organic fertilizer and crop disease control is provided at low cost.

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A soil-modified fertilizer obtained by cultivating a mushroom bacterium in a medium mainly composed of a lignin-rich herbaceous material, and fermenting the resulting digestion product of the medium with the mushroom bacterium. 2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the digested product is mixed with the dung of a domestic animal and fermented. 3. The fertilizer according to claim 1, which comprises feces obtained by feeding a digested product to a domestic animal and fermenting the digested product with intestinal bacteria. 4. The fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the obtained dung is mixed with dung of a domestic animal and fermented. 5. Production of a soil-modified fertilizer characterized by culturing mushroom fungi in a medium mainly composed of lignin-rich herbaceous material, collecting mushrooms if necessary, and fermenting the resulting digestive medium. Law.