JP2013237018A - Fermentation and drying method for waste mushroom bed having property of producing antibacterial substance by hypha - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for fermenting and drying a waste mushroom bed of Flammulina veluptipes or the like having a property of producing an antibacterial substance by hyphae within a short time by a simple method.SOLUTION: A fermentation starting auxiliary agent of 15 pts.mass or more is mixed with 100 pts.mass of a waste mushroom bed and stored in a heat insulated container and air is allowed to flow into the heat insulated container to perform a first fermentation. In a second fermentation and after, 30 pts.mass or more of a fermented product obtained by the preceding fermentation is mixed with 100 pts.mass of a new waste mushroom bed and stored in the heat insulated container and air is allowed to flow the heat insulated container to perform fermentation.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for fermenting and drying a mushroom waste fungus bed having the property that mycelia produce an antibacterial substance.

  In recent years, effective use of agricultural waste has been desired in order to solve problems such as waste disposal and global warming. Among them, the waste mushroom bed occupies a considerable amount of biomass generation and is currently used for feed and composting, but its demand is limited, so it is useful as a waste biomass fuel. Utilization is expected. In addition, the waste mushroom bed contains a large amount of phosphorus and potassium, and the incinerated ash after combustion is derived from food production raw materials. Therefore, it can be expected to be used as it is as an excellent fertilizer raw material containing no heavy metals. In recent years, when phosphorus resources are depleted, incineration ash in waste beds is thought to lead to securing phosphorus resources. However, the mushroom waste fungus bed has a high moisture content of about 55%, and therefore it must be dried to a moisture content of about 30 to 40%, which allows self-combustion and heat recovery, before combustion. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a low-energy, low-cost drying method for energy resource utilization of mushroom waste fungus beds.

  There are many types of drying methods, but direct drying methods, such as passing hot air, require energy to produce hot air and have low thermal efficiency. There are electrical drying methods such as infrared and high frequency, but in any case, irradiation energy is required. As a method for drying biomass other than heating, a fermentation drying method may be mentioned. The fermentation drying method that uses the heat generated by microbial fermentation accompanying composting as a drying heat source can reduce the cost of energy because the energy applied from the outside is only mechanical power. Investment is also cheaper than other drying methods. Overall, low cost drying can be expected. Furthermore, it can be said that fermentation drying is very safe because it does not use a heating furnace in operation.

  However, the conventional fermentation and drying method for biomass as disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the time required for one treatment is as long as several tens of days. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses an apparatus and method for drying biomass on a small scale and at high speed by performing fermentation and drying in a fermentation tank and introducing air into the tank. However, since fermentation start bacteria (inoculum) are introduced for each treatment, there has been a problem that the cost of procurement and securing of the inoculum is inevitable.

  Furthermore, when using this fermentative drying method, the hyphae have the property of producing antibacterial substances, so if you try to dry mushroom waste fungus beds containing antibacterial substances (eg enokitake mushroom waste fungus beds containing enokipodin), There is a problem that stable fermentation and drying is impossible because the bacteria that perform fermentation are killed.

JP 2011-189268 A JP 2009-178712 A

  Therefore, the present invention provides a method for solving the above-mentioned problems and fermenting and drying a waste fungus bed of mushrooms such as enokitake mushrooms having the property that mycelia produce an antibacterial substance in a short time. Objective.

  The method for fermenting and drying a mushroom waste fungus bed having the property that the mycelium of the present invention produces an antibacterial substance is prepared by mixing 15 parts by mass or more of a fermentation start aid with 100 parts by mass of the mushroom waste fungus bed in an insulated container. Accommodates and conducts the first fermentation by circulating air in this insulated container, and in the second and subsequent fermentations, it is obtained in the previous fermentation of 30 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the new waste mushroom bed. The obtained fermentation product is mixed and accommodated in an insulated container, and air is circulated in the insulated container to perform fermentation.

  Moreover, the said fermentation start adjuvant is a thing containing an aerobic fermentation microorganisms, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  Moreover, the said fermentation start adjuvant is any one of fermented chicken manure compost, EM fermentation material, dry cow manure, fermented cow manure compost, and fermented pig manure compost.

  Further, the mushroom waste fungus bed is an enokitake mushroom waste fungus bed.

  According to the method for fermenting and drying a mushroom waste fungus bed having the property that the mycelium of the present invention produces an antibacterial substance, waste of mushrooms such as enokitake having the property that the mycelium produces an antibacterial substance in a short time in a simple manner. The fungus bed can be fermented and dried.

It is a graph which shows the relationship between the addition amount of a fermentation start adjuvant, and the temperature rise at the time of fermentation in fermentation of the 1st enokitake mushroom bed in Example 1. It is explanatory drawing which shows the experimental procedure and result in Example 1. FIG. It is a graph which shows the temperature rise at the time of fermentation at the time of using the chick fermented chicken dung in Example 1. It is a graph which shows the temperature rise at the time of fermentation at the time of using the EM fermentation material in Example 1. It is a graph which shows the temperature rise at the time of fermentation at the time of using the dry cow dung in Example 1. It is a graph which shows the temperature rise at the time of fermentation at the time of using the pelletized cow dung compost in Example 1.

  The method for fermenting and drying a mushroom waste fungus bed having the property that the mycelium of the present invention produces an antibacterial substance is first prepared by mixing a mushroom waste fungus bed and a fermentation start auxiliary agent and storing the mixture in a heat insulation container. The first fermentation is performed by circulating air. Here, in order to continue stable fermentation, it is preferable to mix 15 mass parts or more of fermentation start adjuvant with respect to 100 mass parts of waste mushroom beds.

  In the second and subsequent fermentations, a new mushroom waste fungus bed and a fermentation product obtained in the previous fermentation are mixed and accommodated in an insulated container, and air is circulated in the insulated container for fermentation. . That is, in the second and subsequent fermentations, the previous fermentation product is used instead of the fermentation start aid. Here, in order to continue stable fermentation, it is preferable to mix 30 parts by mass or more of the fermentation product obtained in the previous fermentation with 100 parts by mass of the new waste mushroom bed.

  As the fermentation start aid, those containing aerobic fermentation microorganisms can be used, and compost or fermenting microorganism-containing agents are preferably used. As the compost, for example, fermented chicken dung, dried cow dung, and fermented cow dung compost are preferably used. As the fermenting microorganism-containing agent, for example, EM fermentation material containing a useful microorganism group (EM) is preferably used.

  The mushroom waste fungus bed is not limited to a specific one, but for example, an enokitake mushroom waste fungus bed having the property of producing an antibacterial substance enokipodin can be used.

  The heat insulating container is not limited to a specific structure as long as it has heat insulating properties such that the maximum temperature when fermentation is performed by the method of the present invention reaches 60 ° C. or higher.

  What is necessary is just to adjust suitably the quantity of the air introduce | transduced into a heat insulation container at the time of fermentation according to the temperature of the mushroom waste microbial bed, and the humidity and temperature of the air inside and outside a heat insulation container.

  When air is introduced into the heat insulating container, it may be introduced into the air layer in the heat insulating container or may be introduced into the packed bed of the mushroom waste fungus bed. When introduced into the air layer, it is desirable to perform stirring or turning over so that the air is in good contact with the mushroom waste fungus bed. Agitation or reversal may be either continuous or intermittent, and conditions suitable for temperature rise and drying of the mushroom waste fungus bed may be selected. In addition, when air is introduced into the packed bed of the mushroom waste fungus bed using an air supply pipe or the like, stirring and turning over may not be necessary.

  According to the method for fermenting and drying a mushroom waste fungus bed having the property that the mycelium of the present invention produces an antibacterial substance, a simple method of performing fermentation by circulating air in a heat insulating container without requiring heating from the outside. The method can self-combust waste mushroom beds such as enokitake mushrooms, which have the property that the moisture content is about 55% and the mycelium produces antibacterial substances in a short period of 48 to 60 hours using fermentation heat. And it can be fermented and dried to a water content of about 30 to 40% where heat recovery is expected.

  In addition, since no external heating is required, the apparatus for fermentation and drying can be easily configured, and the addition of the fermentation start aid is only required for the first time, the mushroom waste bacterial bed is fermented and dried at low cost. Can do.

  The method of the present invention can be applied not only to mushroom waste fungus beds having the property of producing antibacterial substances, but also to wet organic waste in general.

  Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described. The present invention is not limited to the following examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  In order to dry the mushroom waste fungus bed using the method of the present invention, a fixed bed fermentation experiment was conducted. The experimental apparatus was a stainless steel dewar with excellent heat insulation, and the lid was insulated with a heat insulating material (a foamed polystyrene plate). An enokitake mushroom waste bed (composition shown in Table 1) preliminarily mixed with a fermentation initiation aid serving as a predetermined amount of seeds was placed therein, and fermentation was performed by circulating a predetermined amount of air. The air blowing rate was 0.2 liters per minute. During the fermentation, the temperature in the waste microbial bed was measured, and the moisture in the product gas was cooled and condensed, and the amount collected was measured. Moreover, the carbon dioxide concentration in the produced | generated gas was measured. After completion of the fermentation, the waste microbial bed was taken out and dried, and the moisture content was determined from the weight change at that time.

  Fermentation start aids used were: A) chick fermented chicken manure (Tosho Co., Ltd.), B) EM fermented material (trade name: Ultra Bocashi 1000; Compal Corp.), C) dried beef manure (Kojiya Co., Ltd.) D) Pelletized cow manure compost was used. A) For the chick-fermented chicken manure, experiments were conducted at three levels of no additive, 10% addition, and 20% addition to about 400 g of waste bacterial bed. Here, at the time of 10% addition, 40 g of fermentation start assistant was added to 400 g of the waste bacteria bed, and at the time of 20% addition, 80 g of fermentation start assistant was added to 400 g of the waste bacteria bed. Moreover, it performed using the fermentation waste microbial bed which is a fermentation product after completion | finish of 1st fermentation as an auxiliary agent of the next fermentation. As a mixing ratio of the fermented waste microbial bed after the end of the first fermentation, each mass was added to the new waste microbial bed 100 at a rate of 20 to 40. Moreover, it repeatedly performed using the waste microbial bed after completion | finish of the second and subsequent fermentation as an auxiliary | assistant of the next fermentation, and performed the initial stage auxiliary | assistant auxiliary | assistant density | concentration gradually.

  FIG. 1 shows the temperature change when the chick-fermented chicken dung was fermented for the first time as a fermentation start aid. When the addition amount of the fermentation initiator is 20%, the temperature reaches 60 ° C. or more in about 24 hours after the start of the fermentation, and the fermentation is almost finished after 48 hours. However, when the addition amount of the fermentation start assistant is 10%, the fermentation temperature becomes the highest. It took 40 hours or more to become, and the maximum temperature did not reach 55 ° C. Therefore, it was confirmed that about 20% of the fermentation start auxiliary agent addition amount in the case of the first fermentation was required.

  Next, the first effect on the temperature rise during fermentation in the case where the fermentation product after performing the first fermentation for about 50 hours at a fermentation initiation assistant addition ratio of 20% is used as the fermentation initiation assistant for the second and subsequent times. The effect of fermented product addition was investigated. The results are shown in FIG. When 20% of the first fermentation product was added, the temperature increased only up to 50 ° C., but when 40% was added, the temperature increased to over 60 ° C. Therefore, it is understood that about 40% of the first fermentation product needs to be added for the second fermentation. Further, even when about 40% of the second fermentation product was added to the third fermentation, the temperature was similarly increased to a little over 60 ° C.

  From the above, it was confirmed that the addition of 20% of the fermentation initiator in the first fermentation and the addition of 40% of the previous fermentation product in the second and subsequent fermentations was desirable for stable fermentation. It was examined whether this method can be applied even when a microorganism-containing agent for initiating fermentation is used as a fermentation initiator. The results are shown in FIGS. The temperature after the second time exceeded 60 ° C. at the maximum, and the same temperature change curve was obtained stably after the second time. Therefore, it was confirmed that the fermentation drying can be stably and continuously performed by the method of the present invention.

Claims (4)

At least 15 parts by mass of a fermentation start aid is mixed with 100 parts by mass of the mushroom waste microbial bed, and the mixture is accommodated in a heat-insulated container. In the subsequent fermentation, the fermentation product obtained in the previous fermentation of 30 parts by mass or more is mixed with 100 parts by mass of the new mushroom waste fungus bed, accommodated in the insulated container, and air is contained in the insulated container. A method for fermenting and drying a mushroom waste fungus bed, wherein the mycelia produce an antibacterial substance, characterized by being fermented by circulation. The method for fermenting and drying a mushroom waste fungus bed according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation initiation aid contains aerobic fermentation microorganisms. The method for fermenting and drying a mushroom waste fungus bed according to claim 2, wherein the fermentation start assistant is any one of fermented chicken manure compost, EM fermented material, dried cow manure, fermented cow manure compost, and fermented pig manure compost. The method for fermenting and drying a mushroom waste fungus bed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mushroom waste fungus bed is an enokitake mushroom waste fungus bed.

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