WO2018014755A1

WO2018014755A1 - Method for preparing aerobic compost with kitchen waste organic matters

Info

Publication number: WO2018014755A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/092433
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王超军; 欧阳春平; 张佳源; 杨彪; 梁嘉华; 吴尚轩; 曾祥斌; 蔡彤旻; 黄险波
Original assignee: 金发科技股份有限公司
Priority date: 2016-07-19
Filing date: 2017-07-11
Publication date: 2018-01-25
Also published as: CN106187336A

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a method for preparing an aerobic compost having kitchen waste organic matters: 1) laying a layer of conditioner in a compost tank; 2) laying kitchen waste organic matters on top of the conditioner; 3) laying another layer of conditioner on top of the kitchen waste organic matters; 4) repeating steps 2) and 3) so as to obtain a mixed material; 5) piling the obtained mixed material to form a strip heap; 6) filling an entire groove of the compost tank with the material, and then covering with a waterproof breathable film; 7) inserting a sensor, starting ventilation, and initiating an aerobic fermentation for 20-40 days, so as to obtain a fermentation residue; 8) transferring the fermentation residue to another groove, and then repeating steps 5) and 6) so as to initiate a second aerobic fermentation for 7-20 days to obtain the compost. In the method for preparing compost according to the present invention, a conditioner is laid in the compost tank, which is then mixed with the kitchen waste organic matters; the compost body thus has a better porosity to facilitate air circulation, thereby allowing for uniform fermentation in an aerobic compost process, which helps to improve the compost quality and to shorten a compost cycle.

Description

Method for building aerobic compost of kitchen waste organic matter

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of cleaning and treating organic solid waste, in particular to a method for constructing aerobic compost of kitchen waste organic matter.

Background technique

Membrane-covered high-temperature aerobic fermentation process is a process of fermenting a special waterproof and breathable membrane as an aerobic fermentation treatment cover. The core of the process is a waterproof and breathable membrane with special micropores. Its semi-permeable function enables a relatively constant climatic environment, allowing water vapor and carbon dioxide to diffuse out through the microporous structure of the membrane and block hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Harmful gases such as gas pass. Under the action of blasting, a micro-high pressure inner cavity can be formed in the fermentation body to make the oxygen supply of the heap uniform and uniform, and the temperature distribution is uniform. A suitable small environment is constructed for aerobic fermentation, and the inside and outside of the fermentation reactor membrane are maintained. The airflow is balanced to ensure that the aerobic fermentation is carried out more thoroughly and thoroughly, and the pathogenic microorganisms are effectively killed to ensure the level of hygiene of the fermented material.

The process of film covering high temperature aerobic fermentation process for treating kitchen organic matter includes three major steps: pretreatment process, fermentation process and post-treatment process. Pretreatment refers to sorting, crushing, blending conditioning agents, and regenerating strains according to the nature of the organic materials and the fermentation requirements. The fermentation process refers to stacking the pretreated materials into strips and covering the waterproof and breathable membranes, intelligently controlling the aerobic fermentation process of the materials, and supplying sufficient oxygen to the materials through the air blowers and the ventilation pipes below the piles. The oxygen content, temperature and water content of the reactor are measured by oxygen, temperature and moisture content sensors, fed back to the control system, and the ventilation volume is adjusted by the control system to optimize the oxygen content, temperature and water content in the reactor. The fermentation process is divided into primary fermentation and secondary fermentation. The primary fermentation is generally 3 to 5 weeks. After the heap is turned over, the secondary fermentation is carried out. The purpose of the fermentation is to make the fermentation more uniform and sufficient. The post-treatment process refers to the processing, storage and other operations of the material after the material is fully decomposed.

However, in the pretreatment process, the processes of sorting, crushing, mixing the conditioning agent, returning materials, and strains of the kitchen organic matter need to be repeatedly transported in a large space, but it is impossible to completely seal, thereby generating Severe odor pollution.

“Smelly problem” is the primary cause of the failure of composting plants in the world in recent years. In modern society, with With the increase of population and the acceleration of urbanization, people are cherishing the air quality around them and no longer tolerate the odors emitted by the surrounding factories. Preventing or solving the "odor problem" requires high deodorization costs, investment in plant equipment, and operating cost. These factors limit the promotion and application of membrane-covered high-temperature aerobic fermentation process in the kitchen waste organic processing industry.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing aerobic compost of kitchen waste organic matter, which is constructed before the crushing, mixing, transporting, etc. The treatment process reduces the investment in fixed assets and plant, minimizes odor pollution and environmental pollution; and builds a conditioner by laying a conditioner and mixing with the organic matter of the kitchen waste, so that the pile after construction has better porosity. It is conducive to air circulation, which makes the aerobic composting process evenly fermented, improves the quality of compost products, and shortens the composting cycle.

The present invention employs the following technical solutions to achieve the objectives of the present invention:

A method for building a heap of organic matter aerobic compost, comprising the following steps:

1) Laying a layer of conditioning agent in the composting tank;

2) laying the kitchen waste organic matter on the above-mentioned paved conditioning agent;

3) laying a layer of conditioning agent on the above-mentioned kitchen waste organic matter;

4) repeating steps 2) and 3) to obtain a mixture;

5) stacking the obtained mixture into a pile;

6) After the material is piled up in the entire tank of the composting tank, the waterproof and breathable membrane is covered;

7) Insert the sensor, turn on the ventilation, start an aerobic fermentation, and obtain a fermentation residue after 20 days to 40 days of aerobic fermentation;

8) After transferring the fermentation residue to another tank, repeat steps 5) and 6) to start secondary aerobic fermentation, and secondary aerobic fermentation for 7 days to 20 days to obtain composted compost.

Wherein, in the step 1) and the step 3), the thickness of the conditioning agent is 4 cm to 40 cm. Wherein, the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems and sugar cane stems to 0.5 cm to 20 cm. The conditioning agent has a low moisture content, a low density, and is easily degraded. When mixed with the kitchen organic matter, the conditioning agent can support and form a void, so that oxygen can diffuse to every corner of the stack. When the thickness of the conditioning agent is too thin, there is not enough supporting effect, there is still insufficient oxygen between the kitchen organic matter, and the odor is generated, and the fermentation time is too long; and when the thickness of the conditioning agent is too thick, the kitchen waste is The amount of organic matter processed is reduced, and the input cost is too high.

Wherein, in step 2) and step 3), the volume ratio of the kitchen organic matter to the conditioning agent is 1:10-10:1.

Wherein, in step 5), the pile height of the pile is 1.3 meters to 3.5 meters, the purpose is to achieve a certain treatment scale and obtain a better fermentation effect. When the pile height of the pile is less than 1.3 meters, the processing amount of the mixture of kitchen waste organic matter is reduced, and the heat dissipation of the pile body is fast, and sufficient fermentation temperature cannot be reached; when the pile height of the pile is more than 3.5 meters, the material is piled up. High causes the lower material to be dense, which is not conducive to internal air circulation, and the aerobic fermentation effect is poor.

Wherein, in step 7), the fermentation temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C, using intermittent blast, the air volume is ³³ m ³ /min - 37 m ³ /min; the blast time in one blast cycle is 30 seconds - 3 minutes and the rest time is 1 minute - 20 minutes. By adopting the above intermittent blast and fermentation temperature, it is possible to reduce turning over and ensure aerobic fermentation in the heap and reduce odor generation.

Wherein, in step 8), the fermentation temperature of the secondary aerobic fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C, using intermittent blast, the air volume is ³³ m ³ /min - 37 m ³ /min; the blast time in a blast cycle It is 30 seconds - 3 minutes and the rest time is 1 minute - 20 minutes. By adopting the above intermittent blast and fermentation temperature, it is possible to reduce turning over and ensure aerobic fermentation in the heap and reduce odor generation.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) The method for constructing the aerobic compost of the kitchen organic matter of the invention eliminates the pre-treatment processes such as crushing, mixing and transporting, reduces the investment of fixed assets and factory buildings, and minimizes odor pollution and environmental pollution.

2) The method for constructing the aerobic compost of the kitchen organic matter of the invention directly lays the conditioning agent in the composting tank and mixes with the organic matter of the kitchen waste, so that the pile after the pile has better porosity and is favorable to the air. Circulation, so that the aerobic composting process is evenly fermented, the quality of the compost product is improved, and the composting cycle is shortened.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic view showing a method for constructing aerobic compost of kitchen organic matter according to the present invention.

detailed description

The invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited by the following examples.

Table 1 Evaluation method of compost quality and test method of each performance index

Example 1

1) laying a layer of a conditioner having a thickness of 10 cm in the composting tank; the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 10 cm;

2) laying the kitchen waste organic matter on the above-mentioned paved conditioning agent; the volume ratio of the kitchen waste organic matter to the conditioning agent is 1:1;

3) laying a layer of 10 cm of conditioning agent on the above-mentioned kitchen organic matter; the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 10 cm; The volume ratio of the kitchen waste organic matter to the conditioning agent is 1:1;

4) repeating steps 2) and 3) to obtain a mixture;

5) stacking the obtained mixture into a pile, and the pile height of the pile is 3.0 meters;

7) Insert the sensor, turn on the ventilation, start an aerobic fermentation, and obtain a fermentation residue after 30 days of aerobic fermentation; the fermentation temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 70 ° C, using intermittent blast, the air volume is 35 m ³ / Min; the blast time is 1 minute in a blast cycle and the stop time is 1 minute;

8) After transferring the fermentation residue to another tank, repeat steps 5) and 6) to start secondary aerobic fermentation; the fermentation temperature of the second aerobic fermentation is 70 ° C, and the ventilation is intermittent blast, drum The air volume is 35m ³ /min; the blast time is 1 minute and the stop time is 1 minute in one blast cycle, and the compost is obtained in the second aerobic fermentation for 14 days; the obtained compost quality is high.

Example 2

1) laying a layer of a thickness of 35 cm of conditioning agent in the composting tank; the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 5 cm;

2) laying the kitchen waste organic matter on the above-mentioned paved conditioning agent; the volume ratio of the kitchen organic matter to the conditioning agent is 1:5;

3) laying a layer of a conditioner having a thickness of 35 cm on the above-mentioned kitchen residue; the conditioner is pulverized to one or more kinds selected from garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 5 cm. The volume ratio of the kitchen organic matter to the conditioning agent is 1:5;

4) repeating steps 2) and 3) to obtain a mixture;

5) stacking the obtained mixture into a pile, and the pile height of the pile is 2.5 meters;

7) Insert the sensor, turn on the ventilation, start an aerobic fermentation, and obtain a fermentation residue after 25 days of aerobic fermentation; the fermentation temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 65 ° C, using intermittent blast, the air volume is 35 m ³ / Min; the blast time is 2 minutes in a blast cycle and the stop time is 5 minutes;

8) After transferring the fermentation residue to another tank, repeat steps 5) and 6) to start secondary aerobic fermentation; the fermentation temperature of the second aerobic fermentation is 65 ° C, using intermittent blast, blast volume It is 35m ³ /min; the blasting time is 2 minutes and the stopping time is 5 minutes in one blast cycle, and the composting is obtained in the second aerobic fermentation for 10 days; the obtained compost quality is high.

Example 3

1) laying a layer of a conditioner having a thickness of 4 cm in the composting tank; the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 0.5 cm;

2) laying the kitchen waste organic matter on the above-mentioned paved conditioning agent; the volume ratio of the kitchen organic matter to the conditioning agent is 1:10;

3) laying a layer of a conditioner having a thickness of 4 cm on the above-mentioned kitchen residue; the conditioner is pulverized to one or more kinds selected from garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 0.5 cm. Obtained; the volume ratio of the kitchen waste organic matter to the conditioning agent is 1:10;

4) repeating steps 2) and 3) to obtain a mixture;

5) stacking the obtained mixture into a pile, and the pile height of the pile is 1.3 meters;

7) Insert the sensor, turn on the ventilation, start aerobic fermentation, and obtain the fermentation residue after 40 days of aerobic fermentation; the fermentation temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 55 °C, intermittent ventilation is used for ventilation, and the air volume is ³³ m ³ /min; an blast time of 3 minutes and a stop time of 1 minute during an blast cycle;

8) After transferring the fermentation residue to another tank, repeat steps 5) and 6) to start secondary aerobic fermentation; the fermentation temperature of the secondary aerobic fermentation is 55 ° C, and the ventilation is intermittent blast, drum The air volume is 33m ³ /min; the blast time is 3 minutes and the stop time is 1 minute in one blast cycle, and the compost is obtained in the second aerobic fermentation for 7 days; the obtained compost quality is high.

Example 4

1) laying a layer of a conditioner having a thickness of 40 cm in the composting tank; the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 20 cm;

2) the kitchen waste organic matter is laid on the above-mentioned paved conditioning agent, the volume ratio of the kitchen waste organic matter to the conditioning agent is 10:1;

3) laying a layer of a conditioner having a thickness of 40 cm on the above-mentioned kitchen residue; the conditioner is pulverized to one or more kinds selected from garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 20 cm. The volume ratio of the kitchen waste organic matter to the conditioning agent is 10:1;

4) repeating steps 2) and 3) to obtain a mixture;

5) stacking the obtained mixture into a pile, and the pile height of the pile is 3.5 meters;

7) Insert the sensor, turn on the ventilation, start an aerobic fermentation, and obtain a fermentation residue after 20 days of aerobic fermentation; the fermentation temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 80 ° C, the intermittent ventilation is used for ventilation, and the air volume is 37 m ³ /min; blast time in a blast cycle is 30 seconds and the stop time is 20 minutes;

8) After transferring the fermentation residue to another tank, repeat steps 5) and 6) to start secondary aerobic fermentation; the fermentation temperature of the second aerobic fermentation is 80 ° C, and the ventilation is intermittent blast, drum The air volume is 37m ³ /min; the blast time is 30 seconds in one blast cycle and the rest time is 20 minutes, and the second aerobic fermentation produces composted compost; the obtained compost quality is high.

Comparative example 1

The order of step 7) and step 8) was reversed. Others were the same as in Example 1, the composting time was 51 days, the entire fermentation process time was extended by 7 days, and the compost quality obtained was obtained.

The bad effect is:

1. In an aerobic fermentation for 14 days, the overall fermentation of the material in the tank is not complete, the odor concentration in the heap is large, and the material in the tank is transported to cause odorous environment pollution.

2. During the 14 days of aerobic fermentation, the whole fermentation of the material in the tank is not complete. At this time, after the material is transferred to another tank, the porosity of the pile is reduced, which makes the fermentation in the secondary fermentation process uneven and reduces the compost. The quality of the product and prolong the composting cycle.

Claims

A method for constructing aerobic compost of kitchen waste organic matter, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

1) Laying a layer of conditioning agent in the composting tank;

2) laying the kitchen waste organic matter on the above-mentioned paved conditioning agent;

3) laying a layer of conditioning agent on the above-mentioned kitchen waste organic matter;

4) repeating steps 2) and 3) to obtain a mixture;

5) stacking the obtained mixture into a pile;

6) After the material is piled up in the entire tank of the composting tank, the waterproof and breathable membrane is covered;

7) Insert the sensor, turn on the ventilation, start an aerobic fermentation, and obtain a fermentation residue after 20 days to 40 days of aerobic fermentation;

8) After transferring the fermentation residue to another tank, repeat steps 5) and 6) to start secondary aerobic fermentation, and secondary aerobic fermentation for 7 days to 20 days to obtain composted compost.
The method for constructing a spent organic matter aerobic compost according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1) and the step 3), the thickness of the conditioning agent is 4 cm to 40 cm.
The method for constructing a spent organic matter aerobic compost according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conditioning agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems. Grinded to 0.5cm-20cm.
The method for constructing a spent organic matter aerobic compost according to claim 1, wherein in step 2) and step 3), the volume ratio of the organic matter to the conditioner is 1:10-10:1. .
The method for constructing a spent organic matter aerobic compost according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the pile height of the pile is 1.3 meters to 3.5 meters.
The method for constructing aerobic compost of kitchen waste organic matter according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7), the fermentation temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C, and the ventilation is intermittent blasting, drum The air volume is 33 m 3 /min - 37 m 3 /min; the blast time in a blast cycle is 30 seconds - 3 minutes and the rest time is 1 minute - 20 minutes.
The method for constructing a spent organic matter aerobic compost according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8), the fermentation temperature of the secondary aerobic fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C, and the ventilation is intermittent blasting. The air volume is 33 m 3 /min - 37 m 3 /min; the blast time is 30 seconds - 3 minutes in one blast cycle and the rest time is 1 minute - 20 minutes.