JP7331059B2 - ウェアラブルディスプレイデバイスのためのディザリング方法および装置 - Google Patents
ウェアラブルディスプレイデバイスのためのディザリング方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Landscapes
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- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Lenses (AREA)
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Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願第62/377,831号(出願日2016年8月22日)、米国仮特許出願第62/447,608号(出願日2017年1月18日)、米国仮特許出願第62/449,524号(出願日2017年1月23日)、米国仮特許出願第62/509,969号(2017年5月23日)、米国仮特許出願第62/519,536号(出願日2017年6月14日)、米国仮特許出願第62/521,889号(出願日2017年6月19日)に対する優先権を主張するものである。これらの開示は、あらゆる目的のためにそれらの全体が参照により本明細書中に援用される。
本願明細書は、例えば、以下の項目も提供する。
(項目1)
デバイスであって、
格子パラメータの第1のセットによって特徴付けられる第1の格子構造を有する入力結合格子であって、前記入力結合格子は、光を光源から受光するように構成される、入力結合格子と、
少なくとも2つの次元において変動する格子パラメータの第2のセットによって特徴付けられる第2の格子構造を有する拡張格子であって、前記第2の格子構造は、光を前記入力結合格子から受光するように構成される、拡張格子と、
格子パラメータの第3のセットによって特徴付けられる第3の格子構造を有する出力結合格子であって、前記出力結合格子は、光を前記拡張格子から受光し、光を視認者に出力するように構成される、出力結合格子と
を備える、デバイス。
(項目2)
前記少なくとも2つの次元は、ピッチ、角度、頂角、屈折率、高さ、およびデューティサイクルのうちの少なくとも2つを含む、項目1に記載のデバイス。
(項目3)
前記第2の格子構造は、第1の屈折率によって特徴付けられる複数の第1の領域と、第2の屈折率によって特徴付けられる複数の第2の領域とを有する、フィルムを含み、前記第2の屈折率は、前記第1の屈折率より低い、項目1に記載のデバイス。
(項目4)
前記第2の格子構造は、位相変動パターンまたは位相ディザリング格子のうちの少なくとも1つを有する、項目1に記載のデバイス。
(項目5)
前記位相変動パターンは、周期的または段階的な周期的パターン、ヒューリスティックパターン、算出ホログラム、またはランダムパターンのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、連続位相変動パターンを備える、項目4に記載のデバイス。
(項目6)
前記第2の格子構造は、周期的構造を有する、項目1に記載のデバイス。
(項目7)
前記第2の格子構造は、第2の屈折率を有する層によって被覆される、第1の屈折率を有する複数の領域を含み、前記第2の屈折率は、前記第1の屈折率より低い、項目1に記載のデバイス。
(項目8)
前記第2の格子構造は、第1の回折部分と、前記第1の回折部分に隣接する第2の回折部分とを備え、前記第1の回折部分は、第1の回折次数における第1の位相偏移を伴って、第1の光ビームを回折させるように構成され、前記第2の回折部分は、第2の回折次数における第2の位相偏移を伴って、第2の光ビームを回折させるように構成され、前記第2の回折次数は、前記第1の回折次数に類似し、前記第2の位相偏移は、前記第1の位相偏移と異なり、前記第1の位相偏移と前記第2の位相偏移との間の差異は、位相変動パターンと関連付けられる、項目1に記載のデバイス。
(項目9)
前記第1の回折部分は、前記第1の光ビームを前記第1の回折次数における第1の回折された光ビームに偏向させるように構成され、前記第2の回折部分は、前記第1の回折された光ビームを前記第2の回折次数の負の次数における第2の回折された光ビームに偏向するように構成され、前記第2の回折された光ビームは、前記第1の光ビームと比較して、位相変化を有し、前記位相変化は、前記第1の位相偏移から前記第2の位相偏移を差し引いたものである、項目8に記載のデバイス。
(項目10)
光学構造であって、
少なくとも部分的に第1の次元および第2の次元によって画定された平面に存在する導波管層と、
前記導波管層に結合され、光を前記平面において回折するように動作可能である回折要素であって、前記回折要素は、少なくとも前記第1の次元および前記第2の次元において変動する回折パラメータのセットによって特徴付けられる、回折要素と
を備える、光学構造。
(項目11)
前記回折パラメータのセットは、少なくとも前記第1の次元および前記第2の次元において連続的に変動する、項目10に記載の光学構造。
(項目12)
前記回折パラメータのセットは、ピッチ、格子ベクトル角度、デューティサイクル、高さ変動、屈折率変動、またはブレーズ角または頂角のうちの少なくとも1つを備える、項目10に記載の光学構造。
(項目13)
前記回折要素は、前記第1の次元および前記第2の次元に直交する第3の次元において延在する突出部の高さおよび間隔におけるランダム変動によって特徴付けられる、項目10に記載の光学構造。
(項目14)
前記回折要素は、第1の屈折率によって特徴付けられる複数の第1の領域と、第2の屈折率によって特徴付けられる複数の第2の領域とを有するフィルムを含み、前記第2の屈折率は、前記第1の屈折率より低い、項目10に記載の光学構造。
(項目15)
前記回折要素は、位相ディザリング格子または位相変動パターンのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、項目10に記載の光学構造。
(項目16)
前記位相変動パターンの周期は、100μm~5cmの範囲内である、項目15に記載の光学構造。
(項目17)
前記位相変動パターンは、周期的または段階的な周期的パターン、ヒューリスティックパターン、算出ホログラム、またはランダムパターンのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、連続位相変動パターンを備える、項目15に記載の光学構造。
(項目18)
前記回折要素は、第2の屈折率を有する層によって被覆される、第1の屈折率を有する複数の領域を含み、前記第2の屈折率は、前記第1の屈折率より低い、項目10に記載の光学構造。
(項目19)
前記回折要素は、第1の回折部分と、前記第1の回折部分に隣接する第2の回折部分とを備え、前記第1の回折部分は、第1の回折次数における第1の位相偏移を伴って、第1の光ビームを回折させるように構成され、前記第2の回折部分は、第2の回折次数における第2の位相偏移を伴って、第2の光ビームを回折させるように構成され、前記第2の回折次数は、前記第1の回折次数に類似し、前記第2の位相偏移は、前記第1の位相偏移と異なり、前記第1の位相偏移と前記第2の位相偏移との間の差異は、位相変動パターンと関連付けられる、項目10に記載の光学構造。
(項目20)
前記第1の回折部分は、前記第1の光ビームを前記第1の回折次数における第1の回折された光ビームに偏向するように構成され、前記第2の回折部分は、前記第1の回折された光ビームを前記第2の回折次数の負の次数における第2の回折された光ビームに偏向するように構成され、前記第2の回折された光ビームは、前記第1の光ビームと比較して、位相変化を有し、前記位相変化は、前記第1の位相偏移から前記第2の位相偏移を差し引いたものである、項目19に記載の光学構造。
(光学システム)
for generating virtual content display with a virtual or augmented reality apparatus」と題され、2015年5月29日に出願された米国特許出願第14/726,424号(参照することによってその全体として本明細書に組み込まれる)に説明されるように実装されることができる。
(ディザリング)
(例示的位相変動パターン)
となる。したがって、出力回折ビーム4554Bと4557Bとの間には、非ゼロ位相差が存在する。
を伴う線形格子は、空間のスカラー関数の等輪郭として規定されることができる。
は、摂動を表す空間のスカラー関数であって、
は、(0,1)の範囲内である格子の(可能性として空間的に変動する)デューティサイクルである。
式中、
であって、原点は、EPE格子領域の中心にある。係数c1、c2、…は、概して、色および深度平面毎に異なる。
式中、aは、ディザリング関数の振幅であって、pは、正弦波の周期であって、
は、正弦波が変動する方向を規定する、単位ベクトルである。典型的には、周期は、有意な量の青色を生産された画像の中に導入しないために、約0.1mmを上回るように限定されなければならない。
式中、xは、ミリメートル単位における、ICGから最も遠いおよびOPEに最も近いOPEの角に原点を伴う、局所座標系のx座標である。
は、空間の任意関数であることが可能となる。典型的には、最高空間周波数は、約0.1mmの周期に対応することが要求される。実際は、これらの「帯域限定」関数はフィルタリングを通して任意関数から生産され得る。
式中、Fは、フーリエ変換を表し、pminは、可能にされる空間周波数の最小周期性である。
は、(圧倒的に)最も高い空間周波数であると仮定されるため、サンプリングは、
の方向に沿って実施され、全ての格子隆起の各縁を決定することができる。いったん本場所のセットが、決定されると、サンプリングは、
の方向と垂直にインクリメント式に実施され、新しい格子隆起縁のセットを取得することができ、これらの2つの縁座標のセットは、ともにスティッチングされ、近似的インクリメントの長さだけ各隆起領域を成長させる、平行四辺形のセットを形成することができる。
(複数のインコヒーレント画像の生成)
(テレセントリックプロジェクタからの反射の抑制)
(可変幾何学形状回折光学要素)
(可変屈折率)
(格子構造)
(接眼レンズ層の性質)
(ブレーズド格子のための製造プロセス)
(インプリントベースの製造およびリフトオフ)
(多段階格子)
によって与えられ、式中、hは、トレンチの高さであって、シータは、堆積角度である。同一方程式は、任意の所望の幅のための堆積角度を見出すことを可能にする。トレンチの高さへの依存性に起因して、本アプローチの制御および再現性は、縦横比に伴って減少する。構造は、次いで、マスク層をマスクとして使用してエッチングされてもよく、マスク層は、除去され、ステップ12403において示される多段階バイナリ格子構造を形成することができる。プロセスは、反復され、複数の層を生成してもよい。
Claims (17)
- アーチファクト緩和システムであって、
プロジェクタアセンブリと、
前記プロジェクタアセンブリに光学的に結合された結像光学部のセットと、
前記結像光学部のセットに光学的に結合された接眼レンズであって、回折内部結合界面を含む接眼レンズと、
前記結像光学部のセットと前記接眼レンズとの間に配置されたアーチファクト防止要素であって、前記アーチファクト防止要素は、
線形偏光器と、
前記線形偏光器に隣接して配置された第1の4分の1波プレートと、
前記第1の4分の1波プレートに隣接して配置された色選択コンポーネントと
を含む、アーチファクト防止要素と
を備えるアーチファクト緩和システム。 - 前記回折内部結合界面は、第1の波長範囲および第2の波長範囲内の光を前記接眼レンズ内に結合するように動作可能である、請求項1に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記アーチファクト防止要素は、前記第1の波長範囲内の光を透過させるように動作可能である、請求項2に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記アーチファクト防止要素は、リターダスタック膜(RSF)フィルタを備える、請求項1に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記回折内部結合界面は、導波管要素に結合されている、請求項1に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記アーチファクト防止要素は、前記接眼レンズから所定の距離に配置され、前記所定の距離は、前記接眼レンズに対して垂直に測定される、請求項1に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記回折内部結合界面は、
第1の導波管に結合された第1の内部結合格子と、
第2の導波管に結合された第2の内部結合格子と、
第3の導波管に結合された第3の内部結合格子と
を備える、請求項1に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。 - アーチファクト緩和システムであって、
プロジェクタアセンブリと、
前記プロジェクタアセンブリに光学的に結合された結像光学部のセットと、
前記結像光学部のセットに光学的に結合された接眼レンズであって、前記接眼レンズは、内部結合領域を含み、前記内部結合領域は、
第1の回折内部結合要素のセットと、
第2の回折内部結合要素のセットと
を有する、接眼レンズと、
前記結像光学部のセットと前記接眼レンズとの間に配置されたアーチファクト防止要素のセットであって、前記アーチファクト防止要素のセットは、
前記第1の回折内部結合要素のセットに隣接して配置された第1のアーチファクト防止要素と、
前記第2の回折内部結合要素のセットに隣接して配置された第2のアーチファクト防止要素と
を含む、アーチファクト防止要素のセットと
を備えるアーチファクト緩和システム。 - 前記第1の回折内部結合要素のセットは、第1の波長範囲および第2の波長範囲内の光を前記接眼レンズ内に結合するように動作可能であり、前記第2の回折内部結合要素のセットは、第3の波長範囲および前記第2の波長範囲内の光を前記接眼レンズ内に結合するように動作可能である、請求項8に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記第1のアーチファクト防止要素は、前記第1の波長範囲内の光を透過させるように動作可能であり、前記第2のアーチファクト防止要素は、前記第3の波長範囲内の光を透過させるように動作可能である、請求項9に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記第1のアーチファクト防止要素および前記第2のアーチファクト防止要素は、リターダスタック膜(RSF)フィルタを備える、請求項8に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記第1の回折内部結合要素のセットの各回折内部結合要素は、別個の導波管要素に結合されている、請求項8に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記アーチファクト防止要素のセットは、前記接眼レンズから所定の距離に配置され、前記所定の距離は、前記接眼レンズに対して垂直に測定される、請求項8に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記内部結合領域は、
第1の導波管に結合されている前記第1の回折内部結合要素のセットの第1の内部結合格子と、
第2の導波管に結合されている前記第1の回折内部結合要素のセットの第2の内部結合格子と、
第3の導波管に結合されている前記第1の回折内部結合要素のセットの第3の内部結合格子と
を備える、請求項8に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。 - 前記内部結合領域は、
第4の導波管に結合されている前記第2の回折内部結合要素のセットの第4の内部結合格子と、
第5の導波管に結合されている前記第2の回折内部結合要素のセットの第5の内部結合格子と、
第6の導波管に結合されている前記第2の回折内部結合要素のセットの第6の内部結合格子と
を備える、請求項14に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。 - 前記第1の回折内部結合要素のセットおよび前記第2の回折内部結合要素のセットは、光学軸の周囲に配置され、前記第1の回折内部結合要素のセットの第1の内部結合格子は、前記光学軸に関して、前記第2の回折内部結合要素のセットの第1の内部結合格子の反対に位置付けられている、請求項8に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
- 前記第1の回折内部結合要素のセットの第2の内部結合格子は、前記光学軸に関して、前記第2の回折内部結合要素のセットの第2の内部結合格子の反対に位置付けられている、請求項16に記載のアーチファクト緩和システム。
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