JP7161272B2 - リチウム電池をリサイクルする方法 - Google Patents
リチウム電池をリサイクルする方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7161272B2 JP7161272B2 JP2020539276A JP2020539276A JP7161272B2 JP 7161272 B2 JP7161272 B2 JP 7161272B2 JP 2020539276 A JP2020539276 A JP 2020539276A JP 2020539276 A JP2020539276 A JP 2020539276A JP 7161272 B2 JP7161272 B2 JP 7161272B2
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- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- manganese
- sulfuric acid
- decomposition
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 71
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 167
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 123
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 13
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 fluoride compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- YOCZZJWFWDUAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(S)(=S)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C YOCZZJWFWDUAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(O)(=O)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910013191 LiMO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/06—Sulfating roasting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/205—Preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
- C22B21/0023—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22B47/0018—Treating ocean floor nodules
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Description
以下に、本願出願の当初の特許請求の範囲に記載された発明を付記する。
[1]
(a)濃硫酸(12)を使用して、少なくとも100℃、特に少なくとも140℃の分解温度(T A )でリチウム電池の電極の粉砕成分を含む粉砕材料(10)を分解して、排ガス(14)と分解材料(16)を生成する工程、
(b)前記排ガス(14)を排出する工程、及び
(c)前記分解材料(16)の少なくとも1種の金属成分を湿式化学抽出する工程、
を含む、リチウム電池をリサイクルする方法。
[2]
前記分解は、前記粉砕材料中のフッ化物成分がフッ化水素の形態で前記排ガスに入るように行うことを特徴とする、[1]に記載の方法。
[3]
前記分解は、前記分解材料(16)中の水溶性フッ化物の濃度(c F )が100mg/kg未満、特に10mg/kg未満になるまで行うことを特徴とする、[1]又は[2]に記載の方法。
[4]
前記硫酸(12)は、分解中、少なくとも化学量論的に使用することを特徴とする、[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[5]
前記排ガス(14)からのフッ化水素の分離工程を特徴とする、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[6]
(a)前記分解材料(16)を、特に水性液体で浸出する工程、及び
(b)グラファイト(20)を分離、特に濾別により、原液(24)を生産する工程、
を特徴とする、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[7]
前記原液(24)から銅を分離して、脱銅した原液(26)を得る工程を特徴とする、[6]に記載の方法。
[8]
(a)前記脱銅した原液(26)中のFe 2+ イオンを、特に酸素化合物によって、Fe 3+ イオンに酸化する工程、及び
(b)鉄及び/又はアルミニウム及び/又はチタンを、特に水酸化物として、沈殿させ、純粋な液体(28)を得る工程、
を特徴とする、[7]に記載の方法。
[9]
(a)特にコバルト錯化剤による、コバルトの溶媒抽出工程、及び/又は
(b)特にニッケル錯化剤による、ニッケルの溶媒抽出工程、及び/又は
(c)マンガンの除去、特にマンガン錯化剤によるマンガンの溶媒抽出工程、
により、標的液体(34)を得ることを特徴とする、[8]に記載の方法。
[10]
(a)前記純粋な液体(28)がコバルト、ニッケル及び/又はマンガンを含む場合、標的液体(34)からのリチウムの沈殿工程、及び
(b)前記純粋な液体(28)がコバルト、ニッケル及びマンガンのいずれも含まない場合、純粋な液体(28)からのリチウムの沈殿工程、
を特徴とする、[9]に記載の方法。
[11]
(a)生の粉砕材料を得るように、前記電池を粉砕する工程、及び
(b)前記粉砕材料を得るように、乾燥を通して前記生の粉砕材料を不活性化する工程、
を特徴とする、[1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[12]
(a)細断した材料(124)を得るように、リチウム電池(110)を粉砕するための粉砕ユニット(118)、
(b)細断した材料(10)を得るように、前記細断した材料(124)を不活性化する不活性化装置(126)、
(c)前記リチウム電池の電極の成分を含む粉砕材料(10)を、少なくとも50℃の分解温度(T A )で濃硫酸(12)を使用して分解するための反応器(40)、特に加熱強制練りミキサー又はロータリーキルン、
(d)前記粉砕材料(10)に硫酸(12)を添加するための硫酸供給装置(43)及び
(e)排ガス(14)を前記反応器(40)から排出するように配置された排出装置(44)、
を備えるリチウム電池を処理するためのリサイクル設備(36)。
[13]
(a)グラファイト分離装置(22)であって、特にグラファイト(20)を分離するためのフィルター、及び
(b)前記グラファイトから、付着した浸出液を洗い流すための洗浄除去装置を備え、かつ
(c)材料の流れの方向において、前記反応器(40)の後方に配置される、グラファイト回収装置(48)を特徴とする、[12]に記載のリサイクル設備(36)。
[14]
材料の流れの方向において、前記グラファイト分離装置(22)の後方に配置される、
(a)沈殿したCu又はCu化合物を分離、特に濾別するための、沈殿物分離器(54)、及び/又は
(b)沈殿した鉄化合物及び/又はアルミニウム化合物及び/又はチタン化合物を分離、特に濾別するための、Fe/Al/Ti沈殿物分離器(56)、及び/又は
(c)(i)特に前記純粋な液体(28)からの、特にコバルト錯化剤による、コバルトの溶媒抽出、及び/又は
(ii)特に前記純粋な液体(28)からの、特にニッケル錯化剤による、ニッケルの溶媒抽出、及び/又は
(iii)特に前記純粋な液体(28)からの、特にマンガン錯化剤によるマンガンの溶媒抽出での、マンガンの除去、
のための溶媒抽出装置(64)
を特徴とする[13]に記載のリサイクル設備(36)。
12 硫酸
14 排ガス
15 フッ化物検出器
16 分解材料(Aufschlussmaterial)
18 水
20 グラファイト
22 グラファイト分離装置
24 原液
26 脱銅した原液
28 純粋な液体
30 溶液
32 マンガンを含む標的液体
34 標的液体
36 リサイクル設備
38 電極材料
40 反応器
42 ミキサー
43 硫酸供給装置
44 排出装置
46 浸出装置
48 グラファイト回収装置
50 銅抽出器
52 容器
54 沈殿物分離器
56 Fe/Al/Ti沈殿物分離器
58 酸化剤
60 容器
62 粒子分離器
64 溶媒抽出装置
66 Co/Ni溶媒抽出装置
68 反応容器
70 Mn溶媒抽出装置
72 沈殿反応器
74 濃縮器
110 リチウム電池
114 解体ステーション
116 セル
118 粉砕ユニット
119 液体窒素源
120 シールドガス
124 細断した材料
126 乾燥装置
128 エアロック
129 真空設置
130 真空ポンプ
131 ガス
132 ガス精製装置
134 凝縮器
136 活性炭フィルター
138 凝縮物容器
140 制御弁
141 攪拌器
146 輸送容器
148 洗浄ライン
150 加圧ガスボンベ
cF フッ化物濃度
TA 分解温度
M 材料の流れの方向
Claims (16)
- (a)反応器(40)内において、濃硫酸(12)を使用して、少なくとも100℃の分解温度(TA)で、グラファイト(20)及びフッ化物成分を含むリチウム電池の電極の粉砕成分を含む粉砕材料(10)を分解して、排ガス(14)と分解材料(16)を生成する工程、
(b)前記排ガス(14)を前記反応器(40)から排出する工程、及び
(c)前記分解材料(16)の少なくとも1種の金属成分を湿式化学抽出する工程
を含み、
乾式冶金工程を含まず、
前記分解は、前記粉砕材料中のフッ化物成分がフッ化水素の形態で前記排ガスに入るように行われるリチウム電池をリサイクルする方法。 - 前記分解は、前記分解材料(16)中の水溶性フッ化物の濃度(cF)が100mg/kg未満になるまで行うことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記排ガス(14)からのフッ化水素の分離工程を特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- (a)前記分解材料(16)を浸出する工程、及び
(b)前記グラファイト(20)を分離し、原液(24)を生産する工程、
を特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - (a)前記分解材料(16)の前記浸出は、水系液体で行われること、及び/又は
(b)前記グラファイト(20)の前記分離は、前記グラファイト(20)の濾別であること、
を特徴とする、請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記原液(24)から銅を分離して、脱銅した原液(26)を得る工程を特徴とする、請求項4に記載の方法。
- (a)前記脱銅した原液(26)中のFe2+イオンを、Fe3+イオンに酸化する工程、及び
(b)鉄及び/又はアルミニウム及び/又はチタンを沈殿させ、純粋な液体(28)を得る工程、
を特徴とする、請求項6に記載の方法。 - (a)コバルトの溶媒抽出工程、及び/又は
(b)ニッケルの溶媒抽出工程、及び/又は
(c)マンガンの除去工程、
により、標的液体(34)を得ることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。 - (a)前記純粋な液体(28)がコバルト、ニッケル及び/又はマンガンを含む場合、標的液体(34)からのリチウムの沈殿工程、及び
(b)前記純粋な液体(28)がコバルト、ニッケル及びマンガンのいずれも含まない場合、純粋な液体(28)からのリチウムの沈殿工程、
を特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。 - (a)生の粉砕材料を得るように、前記電池を粉砕する工程、及び
(b)前記粉砕材料を得るように、乾燥を通して前記生の粉砕材料を不活性化する工程、
を特徴とする、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - (a)細断した材料(124)を得るように、リチウム電池(110)を粉砕するための粉砕ユニット(118)、
(b)粉砕材料(10)を得るように、前記細断した材料(124)を不活性化する乾燥装置(126)、
(c)グラファイト及びフッ化物成分を含む前記リチウム電池の電極の成分を含む粉砕材料(10)を、少なくとも100℃の分解温度(TA)で濃硫酸(12)を使用して分解して、排ガス(14)と分解材料(16)を生成するための反応器(40)、
(d)前記粉砕材料(10)に硫酸(12)を添加するための硫酸供給装置(43)及び
(e)前記排ガス(14)を前記反応器(40)から排出するように配置された排出装置(44)、
を備え、
前記粉砕材料は乾式冶金処理を受けず、前記分解は、前記粉砕材料中のフッ化物成分がフッ化水素の形態で前記排ガスに入るように行われる、リチウム電池を処理するためのリサイクル設備(36)。 - 材料の流れの方向(M)において、前記反応器(40)の後方に配置される、前記分解材料(16)を浸出するための浸出装置(46)を特徴とする、請求項11に記載のリサイクル設備(36)。
- (a)前記グラファイト(20)を分離し、原液(24)を生産するためのグラファイト分離装置(22)、及び
(b)前記グラファイトから、付着した浸出液を洗い流すための洗浄除去装置
を備え、かつ
(c)材料の流れの方向(M)において、前記反応器(40)の後方に配置される、
グラファイト回収装置(48)
を特徴とする、請求項12に記載のリサイクル設備(36)。 - (a)材料の流れの方向(M)において前記グラファイト回収装置(48)の後方に配置される銅抽出器(50)、
(b)材料の流れの方向(M)において前記銅抽出器(50)の後方に配置される、Fe,Al及び/又はTiを沈殿させるための反応器、及び
(c)純粋な液体(28)を得るように、沈殿した鉄化合物及び/又はアルミニウム化合物及び/又はチタン化合物を分離するための、Fe/Al/Ti沈殿物分離器(56)
を特徴とする、請求項13に記載のリサイクル設備(36)。 - 材料の流れの方向において、前記グラファイト分離装置(22)の後方に配置される、
(i)コバルトの溶媒抽出、及び/又は
(ii)ニッケルの溶媒抽出、及び/又は
(iii)マンガンの除去、
のための溶媒抽出装置(64)
を特徴とする請求項14に記載のリサイクル設備(36)。 - 前記溶媒抽出装置(64)は、
(i)コバルト錯化剤による前記純粋な液体(28)からのコバルトの溶媒抽出、及び/又は
(ii)ニッケル錯化剤による前記純粋な液体(28)からのニッケルの溶媒抽出、及び/又は
(iii)マンガン錯化剤によるマンガンの溶媒抽出、
のためであることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のリサイクル設備(36)。
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US12018350B2 (en) | 2024-06-25 |
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PL3517641T5 (pl) | 2023-08-07 |
CN115621596A (zh) | 2023-01-17 |
PT3517641T (pt) | 2020-06-17 |
JP2023015047A (ja) | 2023-01-31 |
DK3517641T4 (da) | 2023-06-19 |
PL3517641T3 (pl) | 2020-09-07 |
JP7534801B2 (ja) | 2024-08-15 |
CA3085965A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
EP3746576A1 (de) | 2020-12-09 |
CN115513552A (zh) | 2022-12-23 |
CA3085965C (en) | 2023-08-29 |
EP3517641A1 (de) | 2019-07-31 |
WO2019149698A1 (de) | 2019-08-08 |
CN111655875B (zh) | 2022-10-28 |
ES2795752T3 (es) | 2020-11-24 |
KR20200113246A (ko) | 2020-10-06 |
DE102018102026A1 (de) | 2019-08-01 |
JP2021512215A (ja) | 2021-05-13 |
HUE049955T2 (hu) | 2020-11-30 |
EP3517641B2 (de) | 2023-03-29 |
US20210032721A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
US20240218481A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 |
FI3517641T4 (fi) | 2023-08-31 |
DK3517641T3 (da) | 2020-06-15 |
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