JP7134552B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7134552B2 JP7134552B2 JP2021517179A JP2021517179A JP7134552B2 JP 7134552 B2 JP7134552 B2 JP 7134552B2 JP 2021517179 A JP2021517179 A JP 2021517179A JP 2021517179 A JP2021517179 A JP 2021517179A JP 7134552 B2 JP7134552 B2 JP 7134552B2
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- positive electrode
- transition metal
- metal oxide
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- lithium
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 133
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Description
本出願は、2018年6月20日に出願された韓国特許出願第10-2018-0071054号に基づく優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示された全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
Lix[NiaCobMncMd]O2
本発明に係る正極は、正極活物質層を含み、前記正極活物質層は、正極活物質として層状構造を有し、全遷移金属のうちニッケルの含有量が50atm%以上であるリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物粉末を含む。
Lix[NiaCobMncMd]O2
負極は、通常、リチウム二次電池で用いられるものであれば特別な制限なく使用可能であり、例えば、負極集電体及び前記負極集電体上に位置する負極活物質層を含むものであってよい。
前記分離膜は、負極と正極との間に介在し、正極及び負極を分離してリチウムイオンの移動通路を提供するものであって、通常、リチウム二次電池で分離膜として用いられるものであれば特に制限なく使用可能であり、特に電解質のイオン移動に対して低抵抗でありながら電解液含湿能に優れたものが好ましい。具体的には、多孔性高分子フィルム、例えば、エチレン単独重合体、プロピレン単独重合体、エチレン/ブテン共重合体、エチレン/ヘキセン共重合体及びエチレン/メタクリレート共重合体などのようなポリオレフィン系高分子で製造した多孔性高分子フィルムまたはこれらの2層以上の積層構造体が用いられてよい。また、通常の多孔性不織布、例えば、高融点のガラス繊維、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維などからなる不織布が用いられてもよい。また、耐熱性または機械的強度の確保のために、セラミックス成分または高分子物質が含まれたコーティングされた分離膜が用いられてもよく、選択的に単層または多層構造で用いられてよい。
前記電解質としては、リチウム二次電池に使用可能な有機系液体電解質、無機系液体電解質、固体高分子電解質、ゲル型高分子電解質、固体無機電解質、溶融型無機電解質などが用いられてよく、特に限定されない。
Ni0.90Co0.08Mn0.02(OH)2とLiOH、TiO2、及びWO3を乾式混合し、760℃で12時間の間焼成し、Ti及びWがドーピングされたリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を製造した。ここで、TiO2、及びWO3は、Ti及びWがリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物全体に対してそれぞれ2000ppm、4000ppmとなるようにする量で混合した。
Ni0.90Co0.08Mn0.02(OH)2とLiOH、ZrO2、及びAl(OH)3を乾式混合し、760℃で12時間の間焼成し、Al及びZrがドーピングされたリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物粉末を製造した。ここで、ZrO2、及びAl(OH)3は、Zr及びAlがリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物全体に対してそれぞれ2000ppm、2800ppmとなるようにする量で混合した。
Ni0.88Co0.09Mn0.03(OH)2とLiOH、ZrO2、WO3、及びAl(OH)3を乾式混合し、740℃で12時間の間焼成し、Al、Zr及びWがドーピングされたリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を製造した。ここで、ZrO2、WO3及びAl(OH)3は、Zr、W及びAlがリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物全体に対してそれぞれ2000ppm、2000ppm、1400ppmとなるようにする量で混合した。
Ni0.90Co0.08Mn0.02(OH)2とLiOH及びZrO2、WO3、Al(OH)3を乾式混合し、760℃で12時間の間焼成し、Al、Zr及びWがドーピングされたリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を製造した。ここで、ZrO2、WO3及びAl(OH)3は、Zr、W及びAlがリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物全体に対してそれぞれ2000ppm、2000ppm、1400ppmとなるようにする量で混合した。
前記実施例1及び比較例1~3のリチウム二次電池それぞれを常温(25℃)で0.2C定電流で4.25Vまで0.005C Cut offで完全充電させた。その後、リチウム二次電池から正極を分離させた後、正極活物質層を削り取って正極活物質試料を採取した。採取された試料を高温in‐situ XRD装置が設けられた放射線加速器に投入してXRD分析を行い、測定されたデータを介して温度による各試料の結晶構造の変化及びc軸長さを確認した。
実施例1及び比較例1~3のリチウム二次電池の初期容量特性を次のような方法で測定した。
実施例1及び比較例1~3のリチウム二次電池の高温寿命特性を次のような方法で測定した。
Claims (8)
- 正極、負極、前記正極と前記負極との間に介在する分離膜及び電解質を含むリチウム二次電池であって、
前記正極は、正極活物質として層状構造を有し、全遷移金属のうちニッケル含有量が50atm%以上であるリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粉末を含み、
前記正極活物質は、完全充電状態で層状構造がスピネル構造に変化する相転移温度が300℃以上であり、
前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式1で表され、
[化学式1]
Lix[NiaCobMncMd]O2
前記化学式1において、前記Mは、Ti、Cr、V、Fe、Zn、Cu及びMgからなる群から選択される1種以上の第1ドーピング元素と、Nb、Ta、W及びMoからなる群から選択される1種以上の第2ドーピング元素とを含み、0.98≦x≦1.2、0.85≦a≦0.95、0≦b<0.15、0<c<0.15、0<d<0.15であり、
前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、その表面にAl、Ti、W、B、F、P、Mg、Ni、Co、Fe、Cr、V、Cu、Ca、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、Bi、Si、及びSからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素を含むコーティング層を含む 、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質は、完全充電状態で350℃まで昇温させながらc軸長さを測定したとき、c軸長さの最大値が現われる温度が280℃から320℃である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記第1ドーピング元素は、酸化数が+2であるとき有効イオン半径が70Åから90Åであり、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物にドーピングされたとき+1.5から+2.5の酸化数を有する、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記第1ドーピング元素は、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の全重量を基準に500から4000ppmで含まれる、請求項3に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記第2ドーピング元素は、酸化数が+4であるとき有効イオン半径が50Åから70Åであり、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物にドーピングされたとき+3.5から+4.5の酸化数を有する、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記第2ドーピング元素は、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の全重量を基準に800から6000ppmで含まれる、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、ドーピング元素としてTi及びWを含む、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 層状構造を有し、全遷移金属のうちニッケル含有量が50atm%以上であるリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粉末を含むリチウム二次電池用の正極活物質であって、
前記正極活物質は、完全充電状態で層状構造がスピネル構造に変化する相転移温度が300℃以上であり、
前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式1で表され、
[化学式1]
Lix[NiaCobMncMd]O2
前記化学式1において、前記Mは、Ti、Cr、V、Fe、Zn、Cu及びMgからなる群から選択される1種以上の第1ドーピング元素と、Nb、Ta、W及びMoからなる群から選択される1種以上の第2ドーピング元素とを含み、0.98≦x≦1.2、0.85≦a≦0.95、0≦b<0.15、0<c<0.15、0<d<0.15であり、
前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、その表面にAl、Ti、W、B、F、P、Mg、Ni、Co、Fe、Cr、V、Cu、Ca、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、Bi、Si、及びSからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素を含むコーティング層を含む、 正極活物質。
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PL3783708T3 (pl) | 2024-08-05 |
US12119488B2 (en) | 2024-10-15 |
CN112154557A (zh) | 2020-12-29 |
US20210226205A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
CN112154557B (zh) | 2024-03-22 |
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