JP7118498B2 - ゲル高分子電解質、ゲル高分子電解質の製造方法およびこれを含むエレクトロクロミック素子 - Google Patents
ゲル高分子電解質、ゲル高分子電解質の製造方法およびこれを含むエレクトロクロミック素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7118498B2 JP7118498B2 JP2021092240A JP2021092240A JP7118498B2 JP 7118498 B2 JP7118498 B2 JP 7118498B2 JP 2021092240 A JP2021092240 A JP 2021092240A JP 2021092240 A JP2021092240 A JP 2021092240A JP 7118498 B2 JP7118498 B2 JP 7118498B2
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- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 86
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 63
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 57
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 LiClO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010088 LiAlO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013098 LiBF2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 20
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 11
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- DPNXHTDWGGVXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isocyanatoethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCN=C=O DPNXHTDWGGVXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- VGUWFGWZSVLROP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyridin-2-yl-n,n-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1CN(CC=1N=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=N1 VGUWFGWZSVLROP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 3
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten(VI) oxide Inorganic materials O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUDOICVNUUOJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-isocyanatophenyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 MUDOICVNUUOJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PZVWRAKLTSTTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-isocyanatophenyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 PZVWRAKLTSTTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBRHKXSUGNZOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-isocyanatoethoxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCN=C=O DBRHKXSUGNZOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)C WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPMYOMFDJKFHBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-isocyanatobutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCN=C=O FPMYOMFDJKFHBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNLFMDYLWALULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-isocyanatopentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCN=C=O VNLFMDYLWALULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISDYQNBADWDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-isocyanatohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCN=C=O ISDYQNBADWDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Br-].[Br-] QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005417 glycidoxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN=C=O RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QASBHTCRFDZQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-isocyanato-2-methyl-3-prop-2-enoyloxypropyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(C)(COC(=O)C=C)N=C=O QASBHTCRFDZQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQIKFDMUXNPPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-isocyanato-3-prop-2-enoyloxypropyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(N=C=O)COC(=O)C=C ZQIKFDMUXNPPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHZOCMWJZLGJCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-isocyanatophenyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 XHZOCMWJZLGJCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(OC(=O)C=C)CC1C2(C)C PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUAOXWPQWCCGQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-isocyanatophenyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 FUAOXWPQWCCGQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-dibromooctane Chemical compound BrCCCCCCCCBr DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012956 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl-ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZHUBCULTHIFNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dihydroxy-1,5-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentan-3-one Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCCO)C=CC=1CC(C)(O)C(=O)C(O)(C)CC1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1 LZHUBCULTHIFNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
原子ラジカル移動重合(Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization、ATRP)用開始剤を製造するために、ポリエチレングリコールの末端ヒドロキシ(mPEG-OH)1当量に対してトリエチルアミン(TEA)3当量と2-ブロモイソブチリルブロマイド2当量を入れて反応させる。不純物を除去するために、反応物をジエチルエーテル溶媒に溶解して沈殿物を回収し、これを2回繰り返した後に乾燥させた。
製造例1と同じ方式で開始剤を製造した。製造した開始剤64重量部をエタノールに溶かし、メチルメタクリレート29.75重量部、ポリエチレングリコール-アクリレート1.75重量部およびヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート3.5重量部を投入したことを除いて、製造例1と同一にブロック共重合体を製造した。製造されたブロック共重合体(GP2)のブロック重量比(第1ブロック:第2ブロック)は、65:35であることが確認された。
製造例1と同じ方式で開始剤を製造した。製造した開始剤79重量部をエタノールに溶かし、メチルメタクリレート17重量部、ポリエチレングリコール-アクリレート1重量部およびヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート2重量部を投入したことを除いて、製造例1と同一にブロック共重合体を製造した。製造されたブロック共重合体(GP3)のブロック重量比(第1ブロック:第2ブロック)は、80:20であることが確認された。
製造例1と同じ方式で開始剤を製造した。製造した開始剤49重量部をエタノールに溶かし、メチルメタクリレート43.5重量部、N、N-ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート2.5重量部およびヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート4重量部を投入したことを除いて、製造例1と同一にブロック共重合体を製造した。製造されたブロック共重合体(GP4)のブロック重量比(第1ブロック:第2ブロック)は、50:50であることが確認された。
製造例1と同じ方式で開始剤を製造し、製造した開始剤49重量部をエタノールに溶かし、メチルメタクリレート46重量部およびヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート4重量部を投入したことを除いて、製造例1と同じ方式でブロック共重合体を製造した。製造されたブロック共重合体(GP5)のブロック重量比(第1ブロック:第2ブロック)は、50:50であることが確認された。
試薬メーカー(Sigma Aldrich社)から購入したポリエチレングリコール-アクリレート2重量部とメチルメタクリレート43.5重量部、およびヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート4.5重量部を投入する。ゴム膜でフラスコをシールし、常温で撹拌させながら30分間窒素をバブリングし、溶存酸素を除去する。以後、フラスコを60℃のオイルバスに浸漬して触媒溶液および触媒還元剤を投入し、24時間反応を進めた。ATRPの触媒としては、臭化銅(CuBr2)100ppmと、銅対比2当量のトリス(2-ピリジルメチル)アミン(TPMA)をアセトニトリル(CAN)に溶解して使用した。触媒還元剤としては、2、2’-アゾビス(2、4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)(V-65)を6当量(Cu対比)使用した。
〔コーティング液の製造〕
製造例1で製造されたブロック共重合体(GP1)1.0g、ポリプロピレングリコール1.0g、プロピレンカーボネートに溶解させたLiClO4 4g、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート0.2gおよびラジカル開始剤(Irgacure 819、チバ社製品)0.3gの混合液をホモジナイザーを利用してよく混ざるように600rpmで3時間以上混合する。以後、溶液に生成された気泡を除去するために、容器の蓋をそっと開いて3時間放置する。すべての過程は、UVが遮断されるイエロールームの状態で進める。
前記コーティング液を離型フィルムの間に一定量塗布した後、フィルムを覆う。以後、ベーカーアプリケーター(Bakers applicator)を利用して均一な厚さで作る。UV硬化装置に入れて1分間硬化させると、フリースタンディングフィルム状態の高分子電解質を得ることができる。形成された高分子電解質の透過度、濁度、イオン伝導度などを測定した。
ITOフィルム上にWO3とPBのようなエレクトロクロミック層を用意した後、離型フィルム上に均一な厚さで硬化している高分子電解質フィルムをエレクトロクロミック層上にラミネートして、両側にエレクトロクロミック層をサンドイッチ形態で接合した。印加電圧による素子の性能を測定した。
コーティング液の製造時に各成分および比率を下記表1のように調節したことを除いて、実施例1と同一にゲル高分子電解質を製造した。
製造された共重合体のブロック比および分子量を下記方法によって評価して、下記表2に示した。
離型フィルムに前記実施例1~5および比較例1~3のゲル高分子電解質組成物を一定の厚さで塗布した後、UV硬化することにより、ゲル高分子電解質フィルムを製造した。製造された高分子電解質フィルムの物性を評価して、表3に示した。
11、31 透明電極
12 エレクトロクロミック層
20 ゲルポリマー電解質層
32 イオン貯蔵層
Claims (9)
- グリコール系オリゴマー、および
下記化学式1の単位を含む第1ブロックと、
下記化学式2で表される単位と、下記化学式3で表される単位とを含む第2ブロックと、を含むブロック共重合体を含み、
前記グリコール系オリゴマーの含量が、ブロック共重合体100重量部に対して50~300重量部であり、
前記ブロック共重合体は、第1ブロック100重量部に対して第2ブロック10~500重量部を含み、
前記第2ブロックは、55重量%以上90重量%以下の化学式2で表される単位及び1重量部以上30重量部以下の化学式3で表される単位を含む、ゲル高分子電解質:
- 化学式2でBは、炭素数1~32のアルキルである、請求項1に記載のゲル高分子電解質。
- 前記第2ブロックは、架橋性官能基を有する単量体をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のゲル高分子電解質。
- 前記グリコール系オリゴマーは、ポリプロピレングリコール系オリゴマー、ポリエチレングリコール系オリゴマー、ポリエチレンイミン系オリゴマーおよびアニリン系オリゴマーのうち1種以上のオリゴマーである、請求項1に記載のゲル高分子電解質。
- LiF、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiClO3、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4、LiNO3、LiN(CN)2、LiPF6、Li(CF3)2PF4、Li(CF3)3PF3、Li(CF3)4PF2、Li(CF3)5PF、Li(CF3)6P、LiSO3CF3、LiSO3C4F9、LiSO3(CF2)7CF3、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2CaF2a+1)(SO2CbF2b+1)(但し、aおよびbは自然数である)、LiOC(CF3)2CF2CF3、LiCO2CF3、LiCO2CH3、LiSCN、LiB(C2O4)2、LiBF2(C2O4)およびLiBF4よりなる群から選択された一つ以上のリチウム塩をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のゲル高分子電解質。
- 極性溶媒をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のゲル高分子電解質。
- 前記極性溶媒は、カーボネート系化合物、エーテル系化合物およびエステル系化合物のうち1種以上である、請求項6に記載のゲル高分子電解質。
- 多官能性(メタ)アクリレートをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のゲル高分子電解質。
- 第1電極と、エレクトロクロミック層と、請求項1に記載のゲル高分子電解質と、イオン貯蔵層と、第2電極とを含むエレクトロクロミック素子。
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